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Salmonella

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Salmonella

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Classification

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Salmonella

SalmonellaisaGramnegative

belongingtothegammaproteobakteerisukuun
(Phylumbxii)

Optionallyanaerobic

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Taxonomy

Thetwospecies:

1.

Salmonellaenterica

2.

Salmonellabongori

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Salmonella

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Subspecies

S.enterica

isdividedintosixsubspecies:

enterica

salmae
arizonae

diarizonae

houtenae
Indica

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Thesubcategoriesaredividedinto

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Salmonella

serotypes

S.enterica

Themostcommonpathogenis
subspecies

enterica

Withover1400

serotype

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Serotyping

Salmonellosisisamultishaped
cellsurfacestructure

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Salmonella

(LPS,flagella,fimbriae,pili
polysaccharideoutermembraneproteins)

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Serotypingisbasedon

LPSantigenicdifferencesO
sugarchains

flagellarHantigendifferences

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Salmonella

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Theserotypebreakdown

subtypes

Someoftheserotypescanbedividedinto
subtypes,mostly

phagetypes(FT)
(Eng.Definedphagetype,ieDT)
Salmonella

FT12isthereforetyphimurium

really:
Salmonellaenterica

subspecies

enterica

serotypeTyphimuriumphagetype12

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Salmonellaenterica

Disadvantages

Biologicalriskofgroup2

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Salmonella

Salmonellosishavebeenclassified

Generaldangerousinfectiousdiseases

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Salmonellaenterica

Disadvantages

Symptomsandmanagementoftheserotype
orsubtypeisnotmuch

theimportanceof

Typeismainlyepidemiological
significance.Itcanbetracedbackto

originofinfection

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Salmonella

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Finlandserotypes

Everyyear,about100sets

Typhi(typhoidfever)andParatyphi

(paratyphoid)nowrare

Typhimurium(mousetyphoidfever),and
Enteritidiswasthemostcommon

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Generalsymptomsofsalmonellosis

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Salmonella

Nausea,stomachcramps,diarrhea,
feverandheadache

Symptomsusuallystartat1.5days

salmonellaaftereating

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Courseofthedisease

Mostsymptomswillstopwithinafew
perday

Affectedalwaysexcretesalmonella

stool

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Salmonella

Excretionstopswithinabout3months

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TreeDiseases

10%ofthoseinfectedmaybe
reactivearthritis

Usuallylieveandhealswithinafew

permonth

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Salmonella

Sourcesofinfection

Salmonelladoesnotbelonginwarmblooded
animalintestinalnormalflora

Blooded(lizards,turtles)

wear

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Sourcesofinfection

Animalproducts(surfacecontaminated
thetimeofslaughter)

Thevegetablesthatarecontaminatedinthefield

Thestoolhascontaminatedthewater
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Salmonella

Throughtouch

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Theeggasasourceofinfection

Chickeneggswithaseriesthe
Salmonellainflammationofthemunieggs,which

Salmonellaareinsidethepreegg

S.

Enteritidis

FT1(theBalticcountriesandEasternEurope)

FT4(Eng,CentralandSouthE)
FT8(USA)

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Salmonella

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Finnishproductionanimals

S.

S.

TyphimuuriumFT1
Infantis

Salmonellacontrolprogram,thanks

InFinland,onlyabout1%ofsalmonella
productionanimalsandtheirproducts

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Finnishsalmonellaineggs

Finnisheggscanbeeatenraakanakin
lowsalmonellarisk

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Salmonella

Thereareexceptions,ifthefeedcontrolis

cheated

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Sourcesofinfection

Abroad,ithasoftenbeenthesourceofcrude
Mayonnaisecontainsegg

Salmonellaisincreasingaboutstolen

vegetablesandgerminatingseeds

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Salmonella

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Eatenrawsprouts

IdtysolosuhteetlowcostSalmonellosis

1994

S.

Bovismorbificansepidemics

sinimailasiduista

In1999theFDAissuedawarningthatthe
YOPI,peopleshouldnoteatsprouts
uncooked

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Germsrisks

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Salmonella

Ituteollisuusbegantomonitortheseed
qualityfarmproduction

Theobligationtodisinfectseedsbefore

germination(20CaOCl000mg/l)

Despitethis,salmonellacaptured

backtolifeunderthebark

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Salmonella

virulenssimekanismit

Inv

thegenesrequiredforthecells

swallowedintoourcellsactin
assistedrearrangement
Alsopartofthevirulenceplasmid(5090kbp)
manygenescontributetothepreservationofthe
phagocytes
LPS

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Salmonella

IIIsecretionsystem
Forexample,toxins,etc.

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LPS

LPSmustlivedsymptoms,causing

localinflammationofthemucousmembranes

whichleadstodiarrhea,abdominalpainand
fever

LPSalsoinhibitscomplementdeadly
theimpactof

LongOsidechainsgettheMAC

(membraneattackcomplex)

formationfarenough
OM

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IsolationandIdentification
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Salmonella

Conventionalbiochemicalreactions.
Salmonelladonotfermentlactoseand

sucrose

Speciesnotusedforserotyping

assays

PCRkits

TherecoveryandenrichmentofISO6579:1993

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IsolationandIdentification

Selectiveplatforms

nzbowls

thiosulfate,iron,sucrose,
lactose,bileacids,thepH
indicator

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Salmonella

EMB
XLDxyloselysinedeoxycholate

CLED

cystinelactoseelectrolytedeficient

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nzbowl

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Salmonella

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XLDtoast

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CLEDbowl

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Salmonella

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IsolationandIdentification

PotentiallytherighttokeepSalmonella
yetensure

Assuranceiscommercialkits

Acheaperalternativeiskolmoissokeri

ironplatformofTSI

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Salmonella

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TSI

24hourculture,andifthelowerendofthetubeis
becomeyellow(=acid

muodustunut)andhydrogensulfide
formationaresigns(=iron

precipitatedblack)theremaybean

Salmonella(ifnotasShigella)

Backupstillureaasitestill

(+=

Proteus/Morganella,=SalmonellaorShigella)

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