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Chemical Principles

Dr. Yehia Mechref

PRECIPITATION REACTIONS
Precipitation reaction takes place when two solution s are mixed resulting in the
formation of an insoluble substance which is called precipitate.
For example, a precipitation reaction occurs when an aqueous solution of potassium
chromate [K2CrO4 (aq)], which is yellow is mixed with a colorless aqueous solution
containing barium nitrate [Ba(NO3)2 (aq)].

products
(aq)+ Ba (aq) + 2NO (aq) products

K2CrO4 (aq)+ Ba(NO3)2 (aq)


2K+ (aq)+CrO42The ions in
K2CrO4 (aq)

The ions in
Ba(NO3)2 (aq)

K2CrO4 (aq)+ Ba(NO3)2 (aq)

BrCrO

(s) + 2KNO3 (aq)


Yellow
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Simple Rules of Salts in Water


1. Most nitrate (NO3-) salts are soluble
2. Most salts of Na+, K+ and NH4+ are soluble
3. Most chloride salts are soluble. Notable exceptions are AgCl, PbCl2, and Hg2Cl2.
4. Mos sulfate salts are soluble. Notable exceptions are BaSO4, PbSO4 and CaSO4
5. Most hydroxide salts are only slightly soluble. The important soluble hydroxides
are NaOH, KOH and Ca(OH)2 (slightly soluble).
6. Most sulfide (S2-), carbonate (CO32-), and phosphate (PO43-) salts are only slightly
soluble.
Using the abovementioned solubility rules predict what will happen when the following
pairs of solutions are mixed.
a. AgNO3 (aq) and KCl (aq)
b. KNO3 (aq) and BaCl2 (aq)
c. Na2SO4 (aq) and Pb(NO3)2 (aq)
d. KOH (aq) and Fe(NO3)3 (aq)

Chemical Principles

Dr. Yehia Mechref

Solving a Stoichiometry Problem Involving Reactions in Solution


1. Identify the species present in the combined solution and determine which
reaction occurs
2. Write the balanced equation for the reaction
3. Calculate the moles of reactants
4. Determine which reactant is limiting
5. Calculate the moles of product or products, as required
6. Convert to grams or other units, as required.
When aqueous solutions of Na2SO4 and Pb(NO3)2 are mixed, PbSO4 precipitates.
Calculate the mass of Pb(NO3)2 formed when 1.25 L of 0.0500 M Pb(NO3)2 and 2.00 L of
0.0250 M Na2SO4 are mixed.

Chemical Principles

Dr. Yehia Mechref

What volume of a 0.100 M HCl solution is needed to neutralize 25.0 mL of a 0.350 M


NaOH solution?

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