Chemistry – is called central science

– Study of matter and their composition, properties, changes & structure of matter.
Science – systematized body of knowledge based on facts

5 Branches of Chemistry
1.
2. Analytical – Analysis
3. Organic – Elements w/ Co2
4. Inorganic – Elements w/o Co2
5. Physical – Combination of Physics & Chemistry
6. Biochemistry – Combination of Biology & Chemistry

Filipino Chemist
1.
2. Julian A. Banzon
– He used coconut as a source of liquid fuel & showed that it can be a substitute for diesel oil
1. Alfredo C. Santos
– Father of Natural Products Research
– He extracted alkaloids from Phil. Medicinal plants
1. Luz Oliveros – Belardo
– He researched on essential oils from plant extracts which serve as source of medicine, fragrance for perfumes
and food fragrance.
– Extracted petroleum – like products from apitong
1. Clara Lim - Sylianco
– Researched on mutagens, anti mutagens & bio-organic mechanisms where she has more than 50 articles, 7 books
& 5 monographs to her name
1. Lourdes Cruz
– She has made Scientific Contributions to the biochemistry field out of conotoxins, in the toxins of the venom of
the marine snail Conus geographs
1. Solita Camara – Besa
– 1st Filipina to specialize in Biological Chemistry
– 1st Filipina to do a nationwide scrum cholesterol survey
– She has worked on the sodium ang potassium content of Philippine food and established standards useful in the
preparation of diet
1. Pedro Escuro
– Best known for his isolation of 9 rice varieties
1. Dr. Fe Del Mundo
– Invented the incubator and jaundice relieving device
1. Bienvenido O. Juliano
– Contributed significantly to basic knowledge in varietal differences in grain quality of table rice & rice food
products & rice nutritional quality
1. Jose O. Juliano
– Known for his researches in nuclear chemistry and physics

Foreign Chemist
1. Michael Faraday
- proved that there is a strong evidence of electrical charge in atom
2. Pierre & Marie Curie
-discovered radio activity
- discovered radio activity elements polonium and radium

3. John Dalton
- formulated the atomic theory

4. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev

- Father of Modern Periodic Table
- arranged the Periodic Table according to increasing atomic number

5. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

- Father of Modern Chemistry
- believed that H2O is a major component of combustion

6. Democritus
- A Greek philosopher who coined the term “ATOM”

7. Ernest Rutherford
- discovered that atoms have nucleus

8. Joseph John Thompson

- discovered that electrons are present in all atoms

9. Henri Becquerel
- discovered that uranium emits highly penetrating rays

Scientific Method
– Refers to a step by step procedure to solve a scientific problem
1. Make observation
2. Identify the Problem
3. Formulate a Hypothesis
4. Test the Hypothesis
5. Draw and present experimental data
6. Conclusion
7. Formulate a theory or scientific law

Variables => Factors

1. Independent
– Variable that will not affect of the variable
1. Dependent
– Relies on other variable
1. Controlled

2 types of hypothesis
1. Alternative Hypothesis
2. Null Hypothesis
 Significant Figures
- Digits that are part of a measurement
- composed of a CERTAIN and UNCERTAIN digits of measurement
* RULES
• All non 0 digits are significant
• All 0 on the left of the 1st non0 digit are NOT significant
• 0 between non0 digits are significant
• 0 at the end of a # MAY or MAY NOT be significant
a. 0 at the end of a number are not significant IF there is no decimal point
b. 0 at the end of a number are significant IF there is a decimal point

Scientific Notation
N x 10n