www.sagadbl.blogspot.

com
Measure area of irregular shape:

Graph paper
Measure volume of liquid:

Measuring cylinder

Burette

Pipette

READ,UNDERSTAND.REMEMBER!!!!!!

SCIENCE
FORM 1

CHAPTER 2
Structure of cell and its function

CREATED BY CIKGU IRWAN

Nucleus
Cell control centre

FORM 1

Cell membrane
Controls the entry and exit of
materials from the cell

CHAPTER 1
Mass

Mass is the quantity of matter in an object.

SI unit : Kilogram (kg)

Lever balance

Cytoplasm
Stores dissolved materials

Unicellular organism
Plant :

Chlamydomonas

Yeast

Euglena

Weight
Weight is the pull of gravity on an object
SI unit : Newton (N)
Spring balance

Basic physical quantities & S.I.

Physical
quantities
Length
Mass
Time
Temperature
Electric current

Animal :
Amoeba
Paramecium
Plasmodium

SI Unit

Metre (m)
Kilogram (kg)
Second (s)
Kelvin (K)
Ampere (A)

Multicellular organisms:
Plant :

Spirogyra

Sea weed

Grass

Measuring tools
Length :

Measuring tape

Metre rule

Calipers

Animal :
Eagle
Squirrel
Ant

Chloroplast
Produces chlorophyll

Vacuole
Contains water and
solute

Cell wall
Maintains the shape of
the cell

www.sagadbl.blogspot.com
Unit :
Density formula:

Cell organisation
Cell Tissue Organ System Organism

Density = ____mass of substance (g)___

Volume of substance (cm3)

System and function

Skeleton system:

Protects internal organs and gives support to the body

Blood circulation system:

Transport dissolved food, gases, and waste materials

Nervous system:

Conveys nerve impulses and reacts to stimuli

Reproductive system:

Produces reproductive cells

Respiratory system:

Enables the exchange of gases with the surroundings

Excretory system:

Removes wastes materials from the body

Digestive system:

Breaks up food into simples form to be absorbed and used by the

body
Muscular system:

Moves the parts of the body

CHAPTER 4
Basic resources of earth :

Water

Air

Soil

Living things

Minerals

Fossil fuels
Classification of matter:
Matter is classified into:
Metal

1.

Particles
move
gliding
among each
other

Element

Non - Metal

Substance which is made up of one type of particle only

Compound
Substance that is made up of two or more types of elements.
Chemically combined
Separation method : electrolysis
Mixture
Substance that consist of two or more substance
Joined physically
Separation method :
o Distillation
o Filtration
CHAPTER 5
Contents of air:

Nitrogen
:
78%

Oxygen
:
21%

Carbon dioxide
:
0.03%

Inert gases
:
0.9%

Microorganisms

Water vapour

Dust

2.

3.

CHAPTER 3
What is matter?

Matter is everything that has mass and occupies space

Matter is made up of tiny particles

Matter exist in either:
Solid:
Liquid :
Gas :

Particles
vibrate in
their
position

g/cm3

Particles
move fast
and
randomly

Density:

Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance.

www.sagadbl.blogspot.com
Properties of oxygen:

Colourless, odourless and tasteless gas

slightly on water

no effect on litmus paper

supports combustion and respiration

Confirmation test for Oxygen:
Glowing wooden splinter:

Presence of oxygen causes the glowing wooden splinter to

ignites.
Properties of carbon dioxide:

Colourless, odourless and tasteless gas

Slightly soluble in water

Very soluble in sodium hydroxide

Changes moist blue litmus paper from blue to red

Confirmation test for carbon dioxide:
Limewater test:

Carbon dioxide turns the limewater cloudy

Respiration
Oxygen

CHAPTER 6
FORMS of energy:

Potential energy

Kinetic energy

Heat energy

Light energy

Chemical energy

Sound energy

Electrical energy

Nuclear energy
Potential energy:
Energy stored in an object due to its position or condition
Kinetic energy:

Energy stored in any moving object

Heat energy:

Is a type of energy that rises the temperature of an object.

Light energy:

Energy that enables us to see

Chemical energy:

Energy stored in chemical substances

Eq: Food, battery, fuel

Sound energy:

Energy that is produced in vibrating object

Electrical energy:

Is produced by an electric charge or current

Nuclear energy:

Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

Carbon dioxide
Energy

Glucose

Glucose + oxygen

water

water + carbon dioxide + energy

Comparison between inhaled and exhaled air:

Inhaled
Exhaled
Nitrogen 78%
Nitrogen 78%
Inert gases 0.9%
Inert gases 0.9%
Oxygen 21%
Oxygen 16%
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide
0.03%
0.03%

SOURCES of Energy:
Fossil fuels
Biomass fuels
Wind
Water
Sun
Radioactive substances
Geothermal energy

Combustion:
Carbon + oxygen
Hydrocarbon + oxygen

Light E. + Heat E. + carbon dioxide

Light E. + Heat E. + carbon dioxide + water

www.sagadbl.blogspot.com
Renewable & Non-renewable energy sources
Renewable energy sources:

Solar

Water

Wind

Biomass

Geothermal

Wave/tidal

Sea breeze:

Physical process that involved in the change of states of matter.

solid

Non-renewable:
fossil fuels
radioactive substances

CHAPTER 7
heat is a form of energy
heat can be produced by the following ways:
o rubbing two objects together
o burning objects
o electricity that runs through a coiled wire

heat causes solids, liquids and gases to expand and contract

differences between heat and temperature

Heat
Temperature
A form of energy
The
degree
of
hotness or coldness
of a substance
Unit = Joule (J)
Unit = Kelvins (K)

Liquid

Absorption of heat:

Durk and dull objects absorbs heat better than shiny objects
Gives out heat:

A dull, dark surface, gives out heat better than white shiny
surface.

Heat flows in three different ways:

1. Conduction

is the flow of heat through solid

2. Convection

is the flow of heat through fluids such as in gases and in liquids

3. Radiation

is the transfer of heat through vacuum

(Heat flows from hotter area to colder area)
Land breeze:

At night
Sea is warmer than land
Cool air from land flows to
the sea as land breeze

Gas