WAJA 2009

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
FORM FIVE

( Students Copy )

Name: ___________________________
Class : ___________________________

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

3.1

Chapter 3:

Indefinite Integral

Learning Objective
3.1.0 Understand and use the concept of indefinite integral.
Learning Outcome
3.1.1 Determine integrals by reversing differentiation.
You have probably wondered if it is possible to find a function given its
gradient function. For example, if

dy
= 6x + 2, is it possible to find y ?
dx

We can think of this as a process of reversing differentiation (anti-differentiation), it is

actually called integration and the result in an integral.

is the sign of integration

Example :

must both being written.

And read as the integral of

(6 x 2)dx .

6x + 2 with respect to x.

1. Fill in the blanks in the following figure.

y
y = f(x)

x
y = f(x)

Process of

Process of

__________________

___________________

Gradient of tangent, m=

dy
dx

y
m=

dy
dx

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Chapter 3:

2. Fill in the blanks in the following.

Function / Equation, y = f(x)
y = 3x

Differentiation,
dy
d
=
(3x)
dx
dx

dy
dx

=3

y = 3x + 1

dy
d
=
(3x + 1) = 3
dx
dx

y = 3x + 2

dy
d
=
(3x + 2) =
dx
dx

y = 3x

y = 3x + 2
2

y = 3x + 5

dy
d
=
(3x2)
dx
dx

6x dx = 3x2 + c

y = 3x 4 + 3

dy
d
=
(3x4)
= 12x3
dx
dx
dy
d
=
(3x4 + 3) =
dx
dx

y = 3x 4 + 4

dy
d
=
dx
dx

y = 3x4

3 dx = 3x + c

= 6x

dy
d
=
(3x2 + 2) =
dx
dx
dy
d
=
dx
dx

Integration

dx =

3. In each of the following cases, the derivative of a function where c is a constant is given.
Match the functions.
d (4x + c) = 4
dx

(10x ) dx

f(x) = 4x + c

d (5x2 + c) = 10x
dx

(6x -2) dx

f(x) = 5x2 + c

d (3x2 2x + c) = 6x 2
dx

4 dx

f(x) = 4x 2 + 3x + c

d (4x 2 + 3x + c) = 8x + 3
dx

(8x + 3) dx

f(x) = 3x2 2x + c

Learning Outcome
3.1.2 Determine integrals of axn , where a is a constant and n is an integer, n
3

-1.

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Chapter 3:

Formula for integration of axn

ax n dx = a

x n 1
+c,
n 1

where c is a constant and n

-1.

1. Find the indefinite integrals of the following.

a)

3 x4 dx

Solution:
=>

3 x4 dx = 3

x 4 1
+ c
4 1

Step 1 : Keeping the original coefficient.

=> 3
Step 2 : Add 1 to the index of the term.
4+1
Step 3 : Divide the term by the new
index.
(4 + 1)
Step 4 : Add an arbitrary constant c.

= 3 x5 + c
5
b)

2
dx
x4

Solution:
=>

2 x -4 dx =
Step 1 : Keeping the original coefficient.
=> 2
Step 2 : Add 1 to the index of the term.
-4 + 1
Step 3 : Divide the term by the new
index.
(-4 + 1)
Step 4 : Add an arbitrary constant c.

2. Find the indefinite integral of each of the following.

(Check your answers by differentiation)
a.

2 dx =

b.

= 2x 0 dx
=2 x

0+1

5 x 3 dx
=5x

3+1

c.
+c

=3x

=5x

+c

=3x

=2x1+c

+c

= -3 x -1 +
e.

3
x 2 dx

= x

+c

+c

0+1

d.

3x -2 dx

+c

f.

2
x 5 dx

= x

+c
4

1
x

dx

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

= x

+c

= x

Chapter 3:

+c

x 2 dx

dx

x2
1

= x
=

+c

= x

+c

Learning Outcome
3.1.3 Determine integrals of a sum of algebraic expressions.
Formula for integration of a sum of algebraic expressions

[ f(x) g(x) ] dx =

f ( x)

dx

g ( x ) dx

1. Find the integral of each of the following :

a)

(x2 + 3x 2) dx

x2 dx + 3x dx - 2 dx

2 1

b)

= (x2 + 3x 2x -2) dx
= (
) dx + (
) dx dx

11

x
x
+ 3(
)- 2x + c
2 1
11
3

(x2 + 3x x 2 ) dx

x
x
+ 3(
) - 2x + c
3
2

=
=

2. Arrange and rewrite the process of integration with respect to x.

Process of integration
5

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Chapter 3:

1.

(6 x 2)dx

2.

3x2 + 2x + c

3.

(6 x) dx + (2) dx

4.

6 x (1 + 1) + 2 x + c
(1 + 1)

3. Find the indefinite integral of each of the following.

(Check your answers by differentiation)
1.

(4x + 3) dx
=

2.

4x dx + 3 dx

= 4 x 1+1 + 3 x 0+1 + c
2
1
=

(x3 - 4x + 2) dx
x3 dx - 4x dx + 2 dx

= x
x

+ c

- 4x

+2x

+c

4. Identify the errors in the following integration solutions. Show the correct solutions.

(4x3 + 5x2 2) dx
= 4x3 dx + 5x2 dx - 2 dx
a)

3+1

b)

= 4x3 dx +
dx

2+1

= 4x
+ 5x
3+1
2+1
= 4(

2
) dx
x2
5x2 dx - 2x -2

= 4x 3 + 1 + 5x 2 + 1 2x -2 + c
3+1
2+1
-2

5 3
x4
)+
x
3
4

= x4 +

(4x3 + 5x2

= 4x 4 + 5x 3 - 2x -2 + c
4
3
-2

5
x
3

= x4 +

5 3
x + x -2 + c
3

Learning Outcome
3.1.4 Find the constants of integration, c, in indefinite integrals.
Function/Equation, y = 3x2 + 2x + c
6

+ c

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Chapter 3:

Process of
Integration

Process of
Differentiation
Gradient of tangent,

dy
= 6x + 2
dx

To find the value of c, identify for the particular points on the curve (a pair of value of x and
y) which is given in the question, then substitute the given information to the equation y.

1. If

dy
= 6x + 2, find the constant of integration, c, given that y = 3 and x = 1.
dx

(6 x 2)dx

= 6

x2
+ 2x + c
2

Substitute the value

y = 3 and x = 1.

= 3x + 2x + c
Then,

) = 3(

)2 + 2(

)+c

+c

c =
2. Find the value of c.
dy
dx

Equation , y
2

P(0,5)

6x + 2

y= 3x + 2x + c

Q(-1,6)

6x + 2

y=

R(0,-3)

6x + 2

y=

S(-1,-2)

6x + 2

y=

-1

-3

-1

-2

Q(-1,6)

0
S(-1,-2)

x
-3

c is the yinterscept of the

curve
Solution :
=>

(6 x 2)dx =
7

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

=>

Chapter 3:

y=

=> At point P(0,5), x = 0 , y = 5.

=> At point Q(-1,6), x = -1 , y = 6.

c=

c=

=> At point R(0,-3), x = 0 , y = -3.

=> At point P(-1,-2), x = -1 , y = -2.

c=

c=

Learning Outcome
3.1.5 Determine equation of the curves form the functions of gradients.

1.

If

dy
= 8x + 1, find the constant of integration, c, given that y = 0 and x = 1.
dx

Hence, state the equation of the curve.

Then,

(8 x 1)dx

= 8

= 4x2 + x + c

( ) = 4(

x2
+x+c
2

Substitute the value

y = 0 and x = 1.

)2 + ( ) + c

=
c =

The equation of the curve, y = _____________________

2. Determine the equation of the curve that has the gradient function
the point P..
a)

b)
8

dy
and passes through
dx

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

The curve
passing through

Gradient function ,

P(0,6)
=>

The curve
passing through

dy
dx

x+3
=>

dx
+c

2x 1

dx

y =

Since the curve passing through P(0 , 6),

substitute the value y = 6 and x = 0.

+c

Since the curve passing through P(-2 , 5),

substitute the value y = 5 and x = -2.

+c

c=

+c

c=

Equation of the curve, y =

Equation of the curve, y =

Learning Outcome
3.1.6 Determine integrals of (ax + b)n .
Formula for integration of (ax + b)n .

(ax b) n dx = (ax + b) n+1

+c,

where c is a constant and n

-1.

(n + 1) (a)

1. Find the integral of each the following :

a)

(3x 2)4 dx

b)

(4x + 5

) 2 dx

= (3x 2 )4 + 1 + c
(3)(4 + 1)

= (3x 2 )5 + c
15

=
=

2. Fill in the blanks.

a)

(5x 1)2 dx

= (5x - 1)

2+1

b)
+

dy
dx

dy
= 2x - 1
dx

y =

y =

Gradient function ,

P(-2,5)

dy
=x+3
dx

y =

Chapter 3:

(4x + 5)3 dx

= (4x + 5)

+
9

c)

(3x 7) . 2 dx

= (3x 7)

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration
5

2+1
3

= (5x - 1)
5

Chapter 3:

= (4x + 5)

= (3x 7)

= (4x + 5)

= (3x 7)

= (5x - 1)

15

3. Match the indefinite integrals of each of the following.

1.

(3x + 4)2 dx

=-

3
(2x 1)-1 + c
2

2.

(2x 3)3 dx

=-

1
(5x 1)-2 + c
10

3.

3(1 4x)5 dx

=-

1
(1 4x)6 + c
8

4.

(5x 1)-3 dx

1
(3x + 4)3 + c
9

5.

1
(2x 3)4 + c
8

3.2

Definite Integral

3
. dx
2
(2x 1)

Learning Objective
3.2.0 Understand and use the concept of definite integral.
Learning Outcome
3.2.1 Find definite integrals of algebraic expressions.

Definite integral ,

b
a

y dx = [ g(x) ] a
=

g(b) g(a)

1. Evaluate each of the following.

a)

3
1

x3 3
]
3 1
(3) 3
(1) 3
= [
][
]
3
3

x2 dx = [

b)

=[

2
x 3 3x 2
+ x]0
3
2

=
10

(x2 - 3x + 1) dx

a and b are known

as the lower limit
and upper limit

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

= [9]- [

1
]
3

26
3

Chapter 3:

2. Evaluate the definite integral.

3
1

(6x + 2) dx

1.

3
6 2
x + 2x ] 1
2

2.

28
3

[ 3x2 + 2x ] 1

3.
4.

[ 33 ] [ 5 ]

5.
[ 3(3)2 + 2(3) ] [3(1)2 + 2(1) ]

3. Evalute
definite
integral

3
0

4 x dx . Draw arrow lines to join the relation according to process of

3
0

4 x dx

=[ 2 x2

= 2(3)2 2(0)2

= [ 4()

= 18

Learning Outcome
3.2.3 Determine areas under curves using formula.
Applications of integration
b

Area under the graph, a y dx

11

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Chapter 3:

Process of
Integration,
definite integral ,
dx

b
a

y
y = f(x)

x
Equation, y = f(x)
Function/Equation, y

Process of
Integration

Process of
Differentiation

Gradient of tangent, m=

dy
dx

y
m=

dy
dx

Area under the graph ,

b
a

y dx = [ g(x) ] a

This is called definite integral of y respect to x between the limits a

(lower limit) and b (upper limit).
Further notes on areas
12

a and b are known

as the lower limit
and upper limit

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Chapter 3:

From the graph , it is clear that

f(x) dx =

f(x) dx +

f(x) dx

If y is negative in the range a to b, then the value obtained

b

form the integral a

f(x) dx will also be negative .

a
0

Thus, the numerical value of the area shown shaded

b

will be - a

f(x) dx or

f(x) dx .

The area between a curve, y-axis, the lines

y =a and y = b will be

b
a

x dy .

1. Match the following definite interal with respect to x.

y

b
a

f(x) dx

A = Area under the curve

between coordinate-x
a to b.

f(x) dx

2 f(x) dx

A=

c
a

f(x) dx
-b

2. Given that
a)

=3

6
3

3f(x) dx

6
3

A= 2

0
b

-a 0

dx

b
a

A = a

b
a

f(x) dx

f(x) dx +

b
a

c
b

f(x)

f(x) dx

f(x) dx = 4, find the value of

b)

f(x) dx
=

3
6

f(x) dx

c)
dx

f(x) dx
=

=3
=

=
13

5
3

f(x) dx +

f(x) dx

6
5

f(x)

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Chapter 3:

3. Shade the area of the region between the curve and x-axis.
y

a)

b) y

c)

d)

x
-a 0

A=

y dx

-a

A=

a
b

-a 0

y dx

A
a

= - 0 y dx +
dx

dx

y dx -

Shade the area of the region between the curve and y-axis.
y

e)

f)

b
a

A=

b
a

g)

0
-a

x dy

A=

b
0

c
b

h)

-a

-a

x dy

A
b

= - - a x dy +
dy

dy

x dy -

c
b

4. State the area , A ,of the shaded region in each of the following in definite integral form.
a)

b)

y=g(x)

y=f(x)
-a

y=g(x)

c)

y
y=f(x)
0

y=g(x)

a b

y=f(x)

A=

b
-a

f(x)dx -

g(x)dx

b
-a

A=

A=

5. Shade the area of the region between the curve and straight line.
y

a)
0

b)
y=g(x)

y=f(x)

x
y=g(x)

-a

y=f(x)

c)

y=f(x)

y=g(x)
0

14

-a

b c

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

A=

f(x)dx +

g(x)dx

A=

0
-a

f(x)dx +

g(x)dx

Chapter 3:

A=

g(x)dx -

-a

f(x)dx

b
-a

6. Find the area of the shaded region.

a).

b).
y

y= x +1

y2 = x + 2

3
1

Solution :
Area =
=

Solution :
2

y dx

y = x2 + 1

= [ x

]- [
)

- (

= (

-2y

]- [
)

- (

)
unit2

d). Find the area enclosed between the curve

y = x2 + 2 and the line y = 4x -1.
y

dy

= [

c). Find the area of the shaded region

between the curve y = x2 x , the x-axis
and the coordinates x = 0 and x = 3.

x dy

= [

unit2

= [ y

= [

+ x ]

= [

= (

Area =

dx

y2 = x + 2
y -2 =x
x = y2 2
2

15

y= x2 + 2

y = 4x -1

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Solution :

Chapter 3:

Solution :

Learning Outcome
3.2.5 Determine the volumes of revolutions using formula.
Applications of integration

Volume of revolution,

b
a

y2 dx .

16

Area under the graph,

y

b
a

y dx .

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Chapter 3:

x
a

b
b

Process of
Integration,

Process of
Integration,
definite integral ,
dx

b
a

y2

definite integral ,
dx

b
a

y
y = f(x)

x
Equation, y = f(x)
Function/Equation, y

Process of
Integration

Process of
Differentiation

Gradient of tangent, m=

dy
dx

y
m=

dy
dx

Volume of revolution
y

y
y = f(x)

a
b =
Volume of revolution,
V

b
a

x y2 dx

where y = f(x) and V is the volume of solid

generated when the curve y = f(x) between 17
limits x = a and x = b is rotated completely
round the x-axis.

Volume of revolution,
V =
a

b
a

x2 dy

where y = f(x) and

x of solid
0 V is the volume
generated when the curve y = f(x) between
limits y = a and y= b is rotated completely
round the y-axis.

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

Chapter 3:

1 a) Draw the solid of revolution when the shaded region is rotated through 360 about
x-axis.
i
ii
iii
iv
y
y
y
y

1 b) Draw the solid of revolution when the shaded region is rotated through 360 about
y-axis.
i
ii
iii
iv
y
y
y
y
0

x
0

2. Arrange and rewrite the process of integration to find the volume of revolution.
Find the volume of revolution generated when the part of the curve y = x2 from x =1
to x = 2 is rotated through 360 about x-axis.

a)

1 2

1.

V=

V=

2.

12

3.

4.

5.

2
1

(x 2)2 dx

x 41
]
4 1

2
1

(x 2 )2 dx

12

18

y2 dx

x 4 dx

0x
WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)
Integration

6.

7.

8.

9.

Chapter 3:

x5
] 12
5
[ ( 32 ) - ( 1 ) ]
5
5
31
[
]
5
5
5
[ ( 2 ) - (1 ) ]
5
5

unit3

Find the volume of revolution generated when the part of the curve y = x2 from y =1
to y = 2 is rotated through 360 about y-axis.
y

2
1
x

x2 dy

1.

V=

V=

2.

y 11
]
11

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

[
2

(y )

2
1

dy

y2
] 12
2
[(4 ) -(1 )]
2
2
3
[
]
2
2
2
[ ( 2 ) - (1 ) ]
2
2

unit3

a) Find the volume generated when the shaded region is rotated about
the x-axis through 360.
y

y=x +1

V=
=

y2 dx
(
(

rotated about
the x-axis

0
2
0

[
= {[
=

)2 dx
) dx
2

] 0
][(
19

] }

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Integration

{[

Chapter 3:

][

] }

unit3

b) Find the volume generated when the shaded region is rotated about
the y-axis through 360.
y

y=x

x2 dy
(

] 0

{[ (

)] [(

{[

V=

x
0

rotated about
the y-axis

) dy

)] }

][

] }

unit3

c) Find the volume generated when the shaded region is rotated about
the y-axis through 360.
y

y =x

2
0

V=
=
=
=
=
=
=

20

2
0

x2 dy

rotated about
the y-axis