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GB Atgguny LuSlay -¥ AFeO + O, . 2Fe,0, oe ebathg (IT) agatoatt Stal tie Beal Aiea aloo ae Lela FeO + H,S0,-—“ FeSO, + H,0,,, PeyO (IIL) stent dui 4 hain yee arya (TIT) Agent cel hallows ol! cpl Sole Abbie! adic -) of pated it) (HT) gst (HUD sagt sai | Jigen 00'S Sr hl ip 5a ale aS 9 sake Gai ae y FeCh + 3NH,O1 It Fe(OH), + SNH,Cl | Se tel 2Fe(OH), > Fe,0,+ 31,0, = UHL) age aa] ky (UL) aged) Ns Sr ae 2Fes0, Fe,0)+50;480, ngs + Cot bag ple ob Rasa ob ke ge 1 deal gh oelall dagtls 4 GLE eB pond glS pcg -7 okatty (ITD) systoul) c3Lsi Linas BEL 3 5S alt Dated) Sle as belayFe,0, + 3H,S0, AL Fe,(SO,),+ 3H,0 3g (pees at pice all ) a gest dao 7 1 ode ae CUT) tgake gach a dale Si gi 9 ath naan Amciatal ot ham at (TD) aptemy aba jm gh elggl lady pen Sti de gal Goeall toe Gat CUM) age aga UGS 3Fe,0,+ COS 2Fe,0,+ CO,,, : -raaigh = 16H etal) Kae CLIT) ptm y CID) yam cel Lola BAS Lad) 55S pall Slee Yl ae el tS 0 hae Aa cole Joa FeO, + 41,80, = FeSO, + Fe{$0)))4 44,0, ® wal gall oh ited he (TDM) gate) aaa) aS 2Fe,0, + + 0,-4- 3Fe,0,Ag Eh Mall AYE Cipla Pl ap Se Demet Syke I kt seeetenerscere seers sees s qglimimg Cod pS ge dy chant! Jc a he - 1 FeSO, -— Fe ($04); -1 FeS -3 Fe Sy oe Silay Rabel) alee Yi ob aoe gly 8 (TD yt spas a (TD) aye ctai-i (TED pete dyeesi- (TTT) sagt gal ap BBS ble pe Abels he AU tales Si ag) cent uusi -1 : + gles BGS Lull (HTT) gue Stal UD) aga cal i (IND) tm ai - ba (De eves BAL IO TOOT Gye Ap 9 he peal ell Age eS) IFES he - FeQ-y Fei FeSO, > Fe,0y> eee Lyelle Dalai patent eae O Jotaiy -2 $e (IID) pata)! gla $528 (1D) aye gla i ley (TID) sysoyt ale- 2 ehey (TD) tytey)! gular CS ST 5S (TT aS pty (I) aye SS Gate ae 1 lalla aes oetag | Gerda eS 3 Cb pS pee SH SD oe seceeeeeee colt bitlgagS Haleal Appa BG gad) aoa A don eG aa Ga 6 gh -¥Baa eal Aa hd 7 bee (asi )-a By Aa OLS pal) ELL oe aml Ct Ap ASN 9 abate AS “A: Mak be ed (1) Spel peaked Say TSI SSN (4s) Spell Go gS! a Dageaal So Slat SLA) aaah ea) BLE ale al pas] Spat Sy a Ja pace TT] (60) Qt) oc pasos ITT] Aah othe TAri3? 4st — | GMI) jeans 1 ag dla greens TY potest pe th aa WH] [Ar adds? | (Co) onc -1 FAr}ad"4s' i] GTi) psig -1 TAr}3a7 452-2 | Gr) p87 Ahad os ee cle ue VI] [Ar] 3d5 4st a | GyNI) Us -2 ol yi} dels 2+ paete VII] (Cay olin dog [Ar] 345 4s? —,a Gare) she Sotomg Hole ROO poll ott (UTL) ask hua 9 aha pa henge ig (IN) pee Sy Se = GEL JS pa ELS ST yam ge CS Laagl fells § elgg BBs peloliadl Apetondl aS] Gea | co alggl! 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Ltt SRN Cillabat ye ad gilt ata i Fe,0,|—~ [Feo_] a Td (Fe) —— [Fe.0, | Fe,0,| ~— [Fe,0, re) tly ie Be SS ryt) Ag Mak pola BTN 59 SSI US a Ge ty + ull! gag sSTt = Bape! elgg ai 9) pg SU TL He LA By DA, pee uahSAdY Cs ~ dont) And i lt paid hee SSN og) AT Ake) IE 5 SA) ced od = MyM AANA Laka) pala GLEN le 389 jlgea Ske ys B15) 9 we NEY ue NS Tegel! a GSS pay BU a ge cols (ID) ago! clei 505 Aad Banal Golem) ge gaat Jelag aie ACUTL) sagutcntt hal $F ig oss ace 982 CLS pa pg GIST yg Dye at Zn Se ctig 4 Hasaglolidat ty ate (ITT) dps agi cogil Mad 5S pM tly Sul yee cess || 1G jam dL A pola aleeguilt cxileal ALeST Julenit|8h Ae 1531 98 Si hs HL ST LN Le Clad al 3 lg SB AY She gages May y Wgiulys Goludl Spiga g @yalall Sao) satya heen! ubach : 3! Lah AN gti 9 ALT) Sule) spite cpt - nels gl 651) Sule oh g3i Byatt -Adaaloy! (4gA! aay ye ABS 3 Nya ciutSs - AAO LA) Copii) yaaas pe ASI 5 Nya ais ~ A 6S Sale ot gti Bat - ESI 6STh Jd gt 93) Bat - stalin Sats ptdincils 598 5 989 598 yaem Salad Apes ep = wl Slat sdcieal 9 AeileasSts BSW Sos Shay - Aihaall Gt go Yt ahaactul 98 ABN 3B ylge ut - eg A Shee ST LN Dal 92) Deal pa - clap glatl oLudLayt) JalS5 gm3 Liles LaLa! 398 -a\ Lier oS (GeS1EH) E6EH) 2-6) BD bg 95 BD) ENN 9 J 91 Codd oR Mga 9s Se Cl ltt yb Aner ne OSH oly Sale Sash O13 OL Se) Glace) oa syale ol aut hes gS SFSU Ras ga le (bg SS] gh Rue tate 9 oi AL + 3e° ———» Al (AL SS 5 Sg | op 9S AP Ogu Oe Spe] JURE Y OL SY Sa Spe Sash Bane y fi eR S58 AB Nt peony SOI S81 gp pene (8) NS Plog)! Bm g Bide Aduat! Col) elt sas (g/mol) agigit asa gylesdisne x OtiapyGYgesue — Slydinie & 602X103 (Gugd Gata) (OL Jo, 4) (at STP) — (L/mol) 22.4 * (mol) 51431 GY ga sue —(L) jlall gam a simol) ag cause) — (Slo tA anata (Limol) 22.4 (mol) ot sae (mel Say Nal Sf (L) plat! ane f00K SMS AS eh tad paella Sal tt aH . 100 XB ES eae SSA alll AAU ye Aiall aLS -PR PPe apts pelea SANT algSt g Least beg gyB kel hee Lule pats he Laadh g Ret 5TH yicat) fe RACAL Ahad) OLE 9a 28 pS 15 49 aad LAS slat Apa yo. Aged! y Bata IYI g pS ed pA eg SM he pat pal ga ai | lt JNM ll PINES EDAS 9. DLA y pee BO 8 nla Maga gad Langue gf y pases 4S g LS gdh wel gall SB Wladt! G51) Aas PN Aa TLR she ean ID AP al gh Crea ein Belle dy 39 gap pl poLiall Ca gg 95g Ape Lal y Aid pany)! Com Spaclgual gh AB pata TI be 520 = Auulitl Steuht) BBLoLs Len hae Sas IL 9. les Wed Late La) OLY hia 6) LAS GIS 9M) Delete GY Melua ll dy Agel Caan alt yy Una Saka sash SN GUS gt yy 9 Ladd SS ead 9 Dyn Nig Le poly 29 GB See HN chal SH g Tas SH St ID yg 9S shaun J gh NGL as eee SN eA he LL 6g La pn) Jt aa Spa MA ay Sh gal Slee eS 1 guts GT Pel Sloe eth AS gS1 pala 9 95 he Bal aad Lies Uplle aya aaa ge ine Sho 6 ret Bhai Alt ol an oi oll Uplany Qe pu Liat! 9 day! SES g pale IS Ad gy? Baal Shue St Joc sy Lbs glee COLS of 3aLaL AS,S0 GLS;t ae gent gh Sabet 6 Seon ut Cre gid Qualitative Analysis 5 ASH) oe Bt Joloradl—) cl ge Bake cya ths gle gh (Wags Lala) AASCLIS gl gun BOL) Cli gha te Bye) 1 Bags Quantitative Analysis 2 gS foloati —t Balad Aula) GSH 0 5 So JS aud 2485 1] digs DEBI Seo Fie BAL OG Sa te Ba Y gh I Jule Ghar eyelets eS Ugh Caplan Qualitative Chemical Analysis (635) j\ ASU) de sh cha Sil fuel Sh AGBSB aL SUS ol pa Fa Ll gS be Mpa ot Bags she gl Jett gi LS Se a DN NH 9 So yl Dp Sad AGS Ac 32 CS 13] 31 ge 5k Sy Uo lve ol = A gt ALS SLUR Aa gs g last es BOIL Wphe BES SF Am he JS AUBIN aN gl aca pent Y gf ep Lbs ghine CIS Sy . Poul) A SS) pla Boe Apeebill 5 1Sat LOLA) ya Abas Blue + seg) ile SIN alas ley ODS LAT 22k 2 ADL Ot ga! pales he Fa All OU gSY pi Qe ASU Cnet 1 One a8 hae gl AST) ul palaa\Ln ou Cap) QOD) 2) Appeal cas ib Jit 1 Soll gle Bad) dpi Ba ge all DAA gt Sle yaaa y pallall Ge BLO 8 Hagia gb CAS SI Solo Gy FISE e BES fads gis pall jab AS pl gn Sy NO AI he Bat gt (otal $231) CAS getty (Gnetatd 3201) Ag pant) pb OLS AM Lig AN Og GIS) ge ARS Ne hua gh ul) Al ys 8 Sy {geht en Suet ye aes ( 1) 5 pe pace! 22k y Cran TIS Mpls IST Se pares ADS ot!) GU gill eet Se BBY Shay gS sing! Gaee GU gsi Re sere -1 A5SDU Chey iS! yaa OL gil Ae sane oY oP sasksl tye J glee OL gail Ae game =0 He thes IS atoll pane oA gil ibe gaend! GOL, Fee ce eee a ae yal SSAC GLE Aig gk SDT) allah Alga GLO JBN gale ons plas GL os GPU J pte ad gg CALE a gta ghee eens 6M SgM a Ja gk IN ISL Nga phe BEST pO Lig GB oh he Gaba Sh gl pte! pie ad ye AQOLUN Ay SLA! il gt dikeell shy IS 3 hog ger 16 ya —" BBB Shay glS gg gaa + Cala ts aku yao! feeb lay S Salt + ell Jkt Na,CO,,, + 2HC),,, ——> seirls oN le rand al 0 Se 2NaCl.,,. + H.0,,, + CO.,,, ew Xe the AS ytd! yam oh dS Re GAsay A, Aa Na, 60,5 Ms86,) ——> GAD NL Su SiN og SN Na,SO,,_ 5+ MaCO,,, co, Ca(Om),, _= 7 MgCO,,. +20), —> Ca00,,, +H, COP 54S) MgC... + HO.) + CO, Yo short time 5,38 5 fal i846 Gin Sadieoekenetaysd Bob Wealth Sobol oly Seer eat tall eye lol ns ln a leaem plySlee S) Jalen): 31M La! pel tear St + cll J let pram dor saeil carly 05S 2NaHCO,,,+ MgSO,,, ——> Na,SO,,,. + Mg(HCO,).... Mg(HCO,)., —A 5 MECO xg + HO.) + COry Read) ca jai J gle + call! Syl? & creo 9 py ail ely OFS Ma,SO,,,.+ 2AgNO,,, ——> Ag,SO,,.+2NaNO,,., Ral fg J gle + colll Spl Real deus coe opel al OS Na,Siq)+ 2ASNO sq ——h 2NaNO,,3 + ABS. op dpe t ell Ile elo OS dyn 2NA,8,0 544+ Tuy ——> Na,$,0,,5+ 2Nal et) NaHCO,,,+ HCl, ——» NeClyay + HO, + COvgy Dig SH deat GU 5A ols, BSI phl cle Say sill Dy Go Ob yl ALB obs Soll gga at NNa,SO,,.+ 2HCI,, ——e DNaClyy + HLOy,+ 80,4, 31S get gM aelay Ry) pad coal y BLAS qoerUigSl ley Sg Jylacale JSS tlyy pS aay Leal K.Cr,0,,9# 390, 5+ 80, — > B80. C4(SP) pao LO Na,S,,+ 2HCl,, ——» NaCl.) + HS y, 53. Ur pplegl dang je Asay yy she Sly Ay SH D oN tel J ylacalle (CH,COO),Pb,,,+ HS, —» 2CH,COOH,,,, + PbS, Na,$,0,,,+ 2HCI,.. ——» NaCl + HOy, + S0,4+ Sp Sl aga BU Ne ely ebb ins tol Ay alas Jbl b euySit HCO, Sv yKN(¥) SOF Sea SIM) St nSINC4) SOF ayy)3 \ Lie Oe (GeS1EH) EGE) 2-8) poeUgdl honey Jolt + cll Jyle e NaNO, + HCl, ——> Ja4 SM che pS aan taal NaCl,.+ HNO,,.., o 1 Neweal ygrondll Ol 3EINO, | SNaNO,,,, + 2KMnO,,+ 3H,SO,, HNO,,..+ H,0,,+ 2NO,, NO; casio $+ SNaNO 54+ FSO gy) gs aes Abas, +2MnSO,+3HO, we Jone Glog gue pol oll oll tl ONO, + Oxy —» 2NO,,, SMS jaar topes 1 + AY Gg DN de pert! oe Jota y (NOD) St!) tga gg (Br) tye gett — (CD ty og! soi g scan ge FRG a gaan gales 35) 5S po SS) yane Gi gle ASH aces Bale Yoke eS Cp 93 SG AY! lke CLAY 5S ott Oh 0 Gee AL! wd Asli BI SLs Lge ARS) S93 ASME 3 ypu ep EN p23] CH fe GS AAS) ne + Cale HD Aue ayy La ois Splat UN de we ee cer splay a IS iL ol Reed lS oe edt Se Glee cliny Ld Sy oily Oo, i egal 4 yah se Sie pL Jglncille date 5 EM SENS pork INC, HSO,,, 224 cr ayn Nac 4g = AaNO 4 ——> Na,SO,,,. + HCI, NaNO, + AgCl, Sao PSN HCL, + NH,,, ——e NHC. to * NB LC, Rai AZ Ile t GUS Ie Ga Cee Le yy LE ly Bey ge Adi ale, See | lay SN oer fea pe etl copa mpet Sly tell egpl ead yan ANS A | aly GSA yale Sle ook Go yy Le J pee all yy I pied NaBr,, + AgNO,,,. ——» 2NaBr,, + H,SO_,, soiAy Bre Ag gC) NaNO, +AgBr,, 280.7, + $0... YesSlee S) Jalen): 31M La! om olps Jolt t+ INS le x CE ae ste J bt oo pL Nal, + AgNO,,,, ——» NaNO,,,. + Ag], ANNA yt Cte J le tele J le ONT oS ped PP SEMAN pam Shea SS gt ee ces Jel phe ae dy le 9 Sd eM Jy55 «fetid J Shey yaad Pe] 2NaNO,,,,, + 6FeSO,,. + 4H,SO,,, AL, 3Fe(SO),,.., ++ NaSO,,.. + 4H,0,,,+2NO,, FeSO,,., + NO,, —w FeSO,NO,, ef LS Op le Com yytagll bd» jE delay ter Abel yA epee ans AS Ab NS le pais ole SI ey etc pect gs hy LE J plead 55,5 IKI, + H,S0,,, 2 KS0,,, + 2H, 2HL,, + H,SO,,, 2» 2HO., + $0.4) hey Ce FN SN A op del sls eet Lf pee ps (fab Bho] as 5 ANGUS oho 2NaNO,,, + H,SO,,,, Na,SO,,, + 2HNO,,,, HNO, A". PEO + AN + Oran 4HNO,,,,+ Cu, SOS, eg Ke x CuNO,),ag + 2HL0,,, + 2NO,,. Tr ARC NOr sigaiceya\Ln Ae (BEG) CANE) Ao) (onWl sys dole tenet 1 (SOP) Oty p83 9 (PO?) Gtauglll | Gtigasl de part! od Jaw ob 552 9551! FSO, gee si aadet! HCl poem Say i ae Jeli ¥ de pent! ode ligail Ba, pgp ht tes 9hS J howe a Lael > Lge Dial Sethe tad SG gt Sep Renal Ng Sole + lM Slt OS py late, ol J het IN ee ae Poel ites) Spell eyelets Aare gaan y ENS Me op JF Bae thes IS ypigll pane ge POP clk t(1) Na,PO,,,.+3AgNO,,,, ——» 2Na,PO,,.. + 3BaCl,,., ——» BNANO 4g +AB,POay Ba,(PO),,. + 6NaCl,., AD ple Not Jet lll Sole tO Sep Ln AS J det lll le ae MD pe Pots yo AAAS she Mob S aul, Na,SO,,,,, + (CH,COO),Pb,,, —» Bi Ly IS ype em FSO wig SIC) 2CH,COONa,, + PbSO,,, Na,SO,,, + BaQ,.,,, ——» 2NaC1,,,, + BaSO,,, [sees g 8 sas gsi gp 28) (SG) Soke BAST ELT 9 peclog)! GEN ye AES Ge hediad Si guelat! GOI Geet! a Bike ya Si BAaN eG sey AISA she 5 De gies Lak IRN ype MBI ge oasis She pape ca Rp a it Lg ose ya Sake I Rca) gl Lay he papell DIS; aug Crime IS Dye 2 gl Se De pene Jy ALIAS She gant ped Ae gent) 1518 tty yglS Sad ie LI A GI pMAT CDi Gly 92 DOG! he pega 1D Lana y 18 pA 9 Oly gt Aa STD) geoLan gt 9D) Ga 9D DB Slay gS gy! SY Al! BADD ls 5 gS gytig?! pam gy De part! A2IS DALAL) tts gS Dias she Gi ja oS Cand A! he pert ocke yams Ge Abel J (CGD peay AGW alpen de yaad scale asa 8 ON pS Dad gle BI Duin Me peat OU, SSG ke aay oD Lal J gloat psd Bina thy IS gpm gem BALLS! yp Ll 58 ltl BIS 3 py (UD) att! 3 gai He pert! oe Sig GIS tai Ce gytigt! ao iS He TD teal gf oe a 1D) at) es St pe et 9 SHH + HLS) De pan iS +O a ee Spe Pha thy ett yaa ty oh CuSO,,,. + HS, —>H,S0,,,, + Cus, 6tle!) ttt! etl! Me el 0S OF hea eS jhe hese Mage UK pd peal Ley phe steel ALSO) gc + ONAOH, ——p> 3NaS0,,,, +2AKOH,, AKOH),,. + NaOH, ——» NaAlO,,,, + 2H,O,p ted aS ptt J ple tlh J he des yjtia ys pee ella DISH I) Lut FeSO ag t 20H —— > Na,SOj,.5 + Fe(OH), ed AS yt Ile + oll le BS yt oe ot NU Se MD ws FeChyyy + 3Na0H,. ——> 3NaCl,,, + Fe(OH)... ADIN Aylerlt de pools 3 gp ggg gu gph DL ty aS gpl Riad gle De yas) SLA GUIS ay Dlg SIS AALO) Re pall oda SU gSIS 54 aphids as pST OU SIR) alae 5 SY Lae (HI) ssseg 9 (ID) ning cet Ap abl pS gta) Re gan BSUS + ltl J glen Buu ay yect he nn ee eed orale A Jet cl lee ALSO) + ONE,OH gy a BQN), SO, + 2AKOH) 5 AS yng he pal 0 Se 2 GED SLAY 9 ob ee SW SN ya Joe FeSO, + 2NH,OH,, ——» (NH),SO,,. + FOB), pat aah JY pete panel aly 0 Sy PLA Fo phy lag 2 all FeCl, + 3NH,OH,,, ——> 3NH,Cl., + Fe(OH), ak nF ot Og) pr ty OS aloe (ID 41 ip 41oP Seal Sy pHlS De pecpall 92d SLi ge dlS Su saat Dy (A 9ehgad) Ug pS J glove) Be gerd) ais 4 cult) Jglone s Dealt Ar pecdt uae cll Sle (1) Ca Cyyy + (NH); COy) ——e bys cps saul aly OK RN eS 2NH,Cl,,, + CaCO, pe CaCl, + HSO,, ae eM Soe ah 0S a 2H, + CaSO, Uiloghy GEAHO tom Goi, © oe . POU GaSiN(y) aoe Sal 4 SF 5 lel oS Cob TIT SRE a iad nash wohadond CHICO).~~ Quantitative analysise : 4650) Julai Lab > thee 915591 SL GL! < Volumetric alysis Pea aaa 1 > SAB aden Seg yt ka bg a A a) LN tg Agee uly ple Ay Hat otk Leta Fm SS BN Aaglne Bale Sa Sighs A} bliag La LS 95 aytot aft) Salt! Go Leglae Lee CB yalig ula Solely 5S pI pr ghne Jolanta yang. Galt Cre JalST) Joa ea SB ACLE es Jabal Ais AjDM) emt! Auaglees (S4eld) gl em 5S 95 Cd Ailee Byglatls 5S Hilly ero pple (aon) stag. Calls Malone cays ig SAN auldt) LoL Bae Gages eld glen) LEY 1 SBS LN «Me gAN g Solem) 49485 58 pci 9 Jolad G Me lad -( 1) ALSTAM y BatuS Si atgtl 9085 CB paddy JQUE Ny Sodus] GMel Bongoed BiNgS tan Gi Gay oil ght py GB pig Gage pl Deka - (1) + ell od Slystt BACB gi ool ho lsd Jolees 3 plat 8 artis Lael Le 53.183 3) 21 Salt) COIS 1515 atlas Id Le ppt at ptt Fall COIS 1aty (agzagig Gligy »S gh agargie AuuSy tue) NBSg i pala yao Goa 5uS BN pglae saul Jolene pics Ayes Lacie ely UN Abi pay (End Point) Jelaity Agigs alads le ce pally gto Indicators Ata) pidciudy Stelatls yoeod! C4 Soleil! Jelas ald A JELEN dasay pais gig pas Jolt Aylgs Abasa £Q-1) JSS Jalal! Gola be taatl AY) yaar TY) Sgtall Gnes ao FAC LRN Lasagl! od Slt (lod dag GB git! seat lays oi pani PB Priprers i SM ede Gat gia oer G25) ai el she goth pas Bail hal SseBeegs7 B31 nS pred dye Joleee 23485 od EUS CLEA! GSag can Pale quel Salona ae 3 pilatls HS 9) Seems A gts gual! pea ae 5 um Ay yglSaptugll Gaam Se (0.LmoV/L)iS 20 398 oN sala Jolene Go ( 25m L) pglae ane Jay G# GSB 4g] Bla Dike pliseioly log yee asi sb suet stance Jptes) ule ats Jptone RAN phon hay ty lS pag) an a ealtl plenthy Roll hay (S pea nae Aaa) SOLAN Aalgd oot! Latin J 9 uals he (Y-1) JRE Splat) Solent! oot! gat SN Je phe ab 3599 G01 (Ja HCL + NaOH —> NaCl + 120 co) ny @ w ZimL 99 delat plgs Atagi > Aa Lea! Ga BLAt Goer pam GIS SoS Ux jae! - = BL halt Ge Gast ate Gd 1000 card! Ga OM gt of21x01 _ FRgT = 24 510? mol. abel Ga 2Sml ob Sage sth pgsaguall AuuSy ted Go GY stl ake Gi tas hay 2.1.x 10? mol.= 2x10? X1000 = 01 adage WON GM atey 5 = 0.084 mol/L 0.084 mol/L = p53 guaNl ApuS 9 ytd Jolee 2S 5 Gl Ilay + AB Mal psec buoy! Ady ple Lanai y (moV/L) psceiueal! yer 5S 5= M, ores (ml) 5 slat! 3 ptiiueel poartl a> -V, BAW Nola alas Gd eral! Ga OY gall ate = m1, (mol/L) paced! 5 gli 5S ,5=M, (ml) 5 pileat! QB pLRavall Sgldtl exe -V, ASN SOLA Aalas 8 sgl! Go GY gal! suc =n, oe teeS 9 ah Aa ySs stag pgusgial Ub Glut! JIL ay MY, M,’, m a O-1x21_ M,x25 1 1 M, = 4a = 0.084 mol/L.+ (1) Sie pam pl celuls (Ca(OH) ] a gull duu 9 tue Soles Go 20 ml Silas Cami aul geo ge 25m] tigiad Jota alas aie y 0.5 mol/L Hy 91S p4ua (MOVIL) pgesedS3) sassS 9 tags 5yY gt! juS 9 sou 2HCI_+ COM, ——» CaCl, + H20,, hers 9 ted paem gS te 9 ta MY, MY. n n 05x25 | M, x20 2 1 25x 0.5 M,= = = 0.3125 moV/L =M, pyuiuttSt duuSs un $455 © (1) Je Boulet a32. psaaquall ty 61S 9 Asta gual haus 9 pad ole celine Blin Sala Ga do shine um 0.1 MOVE 359159340 Voom Se 10 ml Jol al Wim die 0.1 g ea git Bp gus gua nS g tag) agit! Zu udev! 01x10 a = 0.001 mol ~ pssst Abs 5915 9 tag! Goer OY ge abc, Chay * NAQH > N2CT + FLO, em Oe See Ege Jel pps gual ApS yy tee Go Jol Shani RY Mata gay 0.001 mol = sas pad) tpuS 9 yale SY ge ke + GIB EUSA y hy yglS 9 tug! 40 g/mol = NaOH 7423 sa! tas pte ao gt! ACSI 0.04 g=40x 0.001 ~ Loglieatt Bases qual! Ayu 9 edu ALS 0.04 40%=——— X 100 = aphid psa aS pds BodetleesSt! gst : antitative analysisc : Sti Jl) Plateuley AUS Cyiad (a - 9 p08 a1 pall G5Sal aad ole ASI! fuleeit) Leiey F Gaeta ple Sabo ly GgSal NA Jaca lay. des lium GSas ibe Lael plat iy po -i Bias 6 ppg 0 pt ah pall oS pelt gi pial pall Qului gle Ady plat ode + Aghia) Sala ALS ob paBiN ade Cyuadls of GUIS pig pillatial Salad perm lel aid + Sgleme Silke + 2.6903 g .& BaCh,.X H,O Spigialt age ill ty 91S gle Ge Dine ALS CUS 131 gga Agauill umonl, 2.2923 Cade 9B GUIS COS Gi SN layed Care City Soph eld Ra pe kal hn gh 6 SG yg ta yal So pL Lad (O= 16, H=1, Cl= 35,5 , Ba = 137) + dest 0.3989 g = 2.2923 - 2.6903 = sLcil ele AGS sd ele 0.398 g eta 5G ptgin x2 pg slr torglS 2.2923 g gil 100 x 0.398 14.79% = ses Tee tt ts gts ty, LG ele em (Go Jee 19.555 208 g/mol = (137+ 71) Bach, dst! ats -- 0.398 x 208 36.114 g = (et ee AS) 8=—s (A le ES ) 5 18 gimol = (16x1) + (1x2) = eel Aca ja AGS 36.114 mol 2.006 = = = pha sla Stse OY peste (BaCI, .2H,O) of O)462! agajlat) a2 91StOa Brakes Rasen) Precipitation : Guu U1 443 lo Ap Bieue he 0 tA at poll 5S! 9) peal! cw 95 ole Ady att ote tela 9 Ge Spl 1 Juang. Cygne aeesS aS 5 939 ell GB OLIg! end a Brey Tb Boe Ge Esi) ale Aare Gad 5 Ab ys le Gud ly Solel! BRN ABgs oh ut MN gle 9 Gat UAB 59 JA 9. (bey ch Atay Sls LEI ot Sang asl NAS Spay ual 9 ony Celt AB yg GLigSa pyle im Loled poe «Pag aly aa 3 ypu be Aga shel han pT EUS Sle AS pelt oi peal! AGS syste + Sighs Sitio i pS gS lad om pg hall aa glS Se alone ll 2p Cts pS Sohne aad 2B ARS i a gk ey et I Cael WY ead oy igs Slee a8 aga shall ty y9lS ALIS Cunt (0 = 16,8 = 32, Cl= 35.5, Ba = 137) + Jai ABSAN sles! yollaal algal Apt SSN cuuacei o Ag 5 pe Ye lA A abes BGS Gis Poth Ls iS 9 ty pglS Li 2g BaCly + NajSO, ——» BaSO, + 2NaCl (Imol) 208g ——> 233g ——> 2g 2x 208 . 1.785g = = (X) Popol sy p98 aS es 233eileen! OIZ34! : QSL Litt NaNOy, + Agee (ea) a0) ‘ea © a rdDS seotiaty hy yglS opty ham Soles oh ppenlelell Go dey pt eb 12) — + erate! crtheesSt! 15391: eal OL! Mg + acl — Mach, + Ht AMI pet shan pag OU SN Se Sa pee tt Sam Sa pet te AR) Sond gg (Betas h asa) AN So J gS gO CH,COOH + GH.OH, = CH,COOCM, + 1,0, AB ghee bldg LE SEC) ale gall Gi ky pad asked ol yj gael luc Ab yy LOLA Jolene RIO SSE SY Meade paca kee es La. peal Shue ugh pe DION Mahal fe LAN joe Dio Ale BN gD pa gS ken! col pees (Ty BALE MCL Spe peed Gla ic La wget gS pla Gaul HS pall aad LA ye gis CH COOH + CAHOH — CH, COOC HS 4 HO, + gayle alga CHYCOOC Hs +, HO,» CH, COON ¢ CHOW, + gaat alg g31 wo hpelily Bape pe 5 gSG OU Ga DSL stpally MeL sigall Sl Ny Alb pam 3 peg) JELENA Ab Lape pay (Day GUGSE I ake JEL jam 2 AUD gh Raa a ateene Gal Sate cot Abe aN atpat Fe8 5 pel al bE the pe lt US Hp gh BSN GaN Gey Sgleeall Ga IS A pth) RSA Sieg be ahaa Gay BL Gh 8 MMA lgaDh SF iy ed PN lea LOLA ag Bolg} Sb Aa Su ie Lei rp IEE Jo LER Ge ea algal 55 GUSH AML 8 Shang gH gM Gl py MeL apa JS 9 hy RTL Sigal HSS (ee) gs ihe a AME So Eg La yt Led gla ea CSC ny ecg RR sgl Soe SU SA ee el a le Ae peal lS pe DL SI eS JAB AGN at 91 dab ayes Gag Ay tageals go MTL Gaya jth Jota fla Lud (olay lies Odes tiny Gig Sela She Sapte tyget Whyte lls Sela 2Miay Gs peleedy Ggsleal! eB chalga Soe ang teat ol Be ps SS = MetaLall atpati 3,85 -7 «Meal atgall Rage —t — dak + JeUN Sige Ag yeteptleeSt! OISS 91s Sul ola! gle a ages geal! typ Spline Jol Joa Digs MoLaot al ght gS Laat MMOLE) at gh Oba gal Gf ae Ba peg il 98 La ous GL 1 3 stanly pth Whasd pL) of ght Sys ed AT) GOLAN Lal Agtade pas He peas Jala Bale tiskas 9558 Bigdaal GML ie den lactt the ls paall pla De Lee SUS Spe IO eS ee pe Ska Gob Lage tga Salad Baja Dp js eats Bek g AS Se 3 gle Fp ig gone Diet le Labi (pas Lied JUD Ge Lyla glans Se ett late ama Da gall IS col! Cltaioly LGR Aagadl ob Salm pole SS Comings coh Gy Dyce im Go Qe Gh LS AN a ths gt 9 paglt Gem code peal Celene am Lee 305 bel AH gi. Set gM AL Ale ob LAN ee Ulli cally = Eph LEU Jone SIS Lal Dead angel Gar ell Satpal tl po pb Gal ( paS A al Lal i) Mela) OLY feet ate a5 LS + pelea! Be paw ped SA OSHA! Waage gids Guldberg @ apps Shims oA! Glallal! ake ai Ady atllky pay be py RACE algal SoS iy lees Jee he pes Sy ABDLATI GeRobs chicka gee als GAS le) LOMA Be pe AS yl pall Ap ya Spd he PF SUgjeN Sige ote sales tebe US) Leta atpel Bebe GILSON Ge (Bag pga!) Jolee Dates 2b Slip 2 ASW Ry pel ot pg | AR AEN Jad og by phew colt Germ oS (Sama aaa gill 2 CTD) paired) ty pglS Jiplene BBLS! Le, Get Span peel Jel ws Sot pee (Gall! te) paces! Cle ght GSS ol fats Seay (MM) syd GUL Foch + SNHSCN == FHISCNI # | SNHYE, (UUM atsstagh gt page the (HET) tty Stang (aly phaal) (all ae} (seo sani) Sy bea tol pant ata ja glow Gh Gi cig (11M) tnt a yah Sy ka pa a 1 UID) cbpekonY CG Lia Jpn aha he 9S gas GEE Goat Lekatts Gh Ury) sa patly (Fy) qual Jel Jen sglacts beae y coil Lay JOU Slime IS pe samy. GUST Ale oll ey oh Gy Je Lic Fy [Foch INHSCNP Fy ah FeC4 || NHSCNE F y0¢ [FeSCN),] [NHYO!? F2= kal Fe SCN)3] | NHAC Gyo bagh ky, hy bei (MoM ) Saga CtpeS pA goto Jas [| skated ut phhy o Gehe URN June os glaiy 1ST Ae ged gt gle pail y go galt Les Jaane rely k(EeGAIINELSCNP = kylPe(SCN),1 (NICE k, [Fe(SCN)4] | NHCAP <= [FCG INHSCNP = DR URRINSgh GUST! Saply hangs Ke et otly AD jad Sag stale z Awa ries > aeSet GST CTY Guus Se Tat a= Mo he ob NST Lie Gams tag! tyssa Gus staglls set! G15WS 3 gi Crake 13] 1.563 0.221 , 0.221 moVL a helt tH P (Hy Ke = (1.563)? =50 0.221 x 0.221 (9) se teohy le lm hag BH SF yd ual Gi Gia (Ke < 1) S539) Cy 5 udu eat) (i) et 9B ne IS) (plied! 98) Abe Lael algal 5S 35 cpus Jacl Gyo Bi (Louat! 3) AeLED Sig RIG 2955 goede ISH) tad Y ASLAM) GI alas bee (45% ge ae A(T =) JSD. Slab 593 At guuall sell BBall ay 9S Aly gd HU Ste ARC!) = Asta + Cag) »Ke= 1.7 x 10010 2 elt GB Oly gt ead Raa Ha galS OG) he Juli Gpleal! Jeli Ld Ke Wed OFS AN HB ol pets Joka! Gi sind (Ke > 1) ot art cpt 350) att (Y) + Crate gen gS) JAG AO Sta 85 LAS ga cea gta Je Lat Hyg) + Chyg) == IHC), Ke = 4.4.x 10 SNS hin Aaa SH ated Ht Ahead 3h 9th gf eS G2 6 LY 5.555 OLY Ce) SATS Mpa OY WeeS ALR Lega ple dargy SEIS FS SIS pein Mg) Sam SIGHT -Aaagala mis edd aie RADU gi LOLA 9h gh 555 ay WAIN GIFTH I CLD Aya tal Meuatt (€) byhgett Amysoa Pelt) Be pu gle 3a dep 56 (¥ BAAS cme Gb Slee) Jol Be py ole Sy\yatl Ap ys AIF pu GS algal) Gla pe pilauad Gi SL Jolail! Sgted lo pits dil ota UI pala! Goh Bed ae AYU Sle pul Gta Aealadell Gbiy jal GgSF Cyey Ale laa! Sate GL Saal Gap daly) guS Ge GK AvlaN AS al [giille GY Sela STAYS pool ABUaN ye hah dm eS jel Elling Gi AY EUS ley lees Jo lait! ep AB lay ah koa ke eg ladon die olay SES Se NgSiia Gh ges Gol) BLN So 21 ott Mpls + Lat) Alls pag Ken AB Ua Dy glia) AGS poll ABUL td Ley jae peau y. plano ie Jelady Jabs Bata Rep ya Baby} Gi Ay LAU ode Goa By Ala Ciliy Saath Ugg i GANAS Site g Ag. Slee SN Lela Jotne ta 5 IDL) g Mla dial SI pli ghey 5 yl poet Bp 59 Cael 113) Ly 9B Mpc pw CLE Ae SN G Mela < Basie Sle ys WG clas y a jen a 4 Meas ac pa «ot Ay a all Sue 9 TiN Si HIS 5B aon Gale} 9s pa - 95a coi Lees yi GAS ll Sum Gi ted aye Logline dy oli! gb olny paral! (EP) JS aon tat Git (25 e) AB p28 5 1p» Ap pa GM sonal A 5 a puall Loglicall a Bost SH N31 pga sa Shy Abe GIS be ol] agg Gi Sealy 9 s9Glll Bis permed! Gil Gall Gi ted§ MD GISBY Ly Ske be Shed GS 9 3 tpl i 5 Cia yi LalS G ght 2N0; N04 Heat ae td Cool Te gh peake aula Gide Jelad Ge 3yyot! (Golalial) Amt! gi Ma pludl Ay se Ge Citi = Bylpm dab Li GAN a plat ola YI Gb Jel paw gic B51 pal sail wing Bay V gall Sale Ugic puny dalled! 8 algal! 54S 25 Gi GM Sy1EMI peed ATL gh SOLA 9B ALENT! ah get) CUS 131 Le [| Gane oe Gag Goad Fabel! args [gues + Saw Mga play Sake SN Se peal SLB Aaj Lat Bilal die 2 GTN Jeet Laide dy praiie Gyo DeLinall (oB y9LEiN 512 prey Sal ura le 9 Menee Nz 3H, aes 2NH,, + AN =-92KJ Si Gi pL Bat Stade ge mol 2 gid Sola Gligja! yomol 4. gi aad Bg emed! ob yada Ly OY st ste G8 pads Li gruan 9S y2LEiN! yagS3 Bad! JEM yn Wiad «aL! GLE 985 Jone ata js ta pel y decals Adi tog SB SU OLY Bday Alaa yas 51S Jolad he ty 0) gi dasa 3225 3H aed) 48 SEAN GLE puta Jel fon) MyM SdLe LAI 58 5155! Cd ge pass soled daciatl die (pas sist! FS )5 ole WYK, fay (ay patie et (Py) x (Py SYGN AS jal dosiial at) oY Jelly K 12 K_ 08 Slut! ga LSy do ghilall games ga Joli) ASN dadital (95295)! pod! ays uid BASSLL) gi ALeLait! (G1 SS O5 ge satay Alas tly) SILLS A ply Mekal Kp SIR YY Sigh apeemaml se Nog #2024) == INO, 0.2 atin N, plat. 1 atm O, jlaa 2 atin NO, juan teas Gis 1a + bet Foo, P ar K, = + 1 (Rx (RF 02x F 20 = gjavi cyt eae Gi "Le Chatelien™ pau AN pallet EU! Ub pod 9 Aiiglaall Aaa Lball Alam Soe cole Laks 5 ylang 555 Go AALeall algal O15 asad by deol) Bad Fact aaj a Ha] SU Eel Tata peal SF pa cl i a Ss Se LA Gi Fa lea Cele, Goel AGU) ABU AIST Gb Acial Gb OMSL ote Gude ate OS been Mee gli ghaad hy ol! caf) Lee Dlle Gg OAL oa Stew ~ Lalas te Blan a BAST Dll Sahl Ge Coe ek SAN ll od SH yas jay Daa Gay Ngeet pat Sag Dla GDL law Gite ay MIE JG) Aiaedy CLT pall otk bya. Byloaalt Dp a Bal Reloads ops pltas Go 5 alge Slay » Catalysts 3 5UasM al pally 99 tlaegSll JeMEIN Jann pei a Wg py Bake Aly joa ala yng + US lng Soa pall ghetheass 91591 Galas La > St aa 52 ay Sa JEN G pa gh Je Bekeu dt! Reling he Ayolinal Cheat 590% Ga 93S) gb Gtjlamt parcindy OWLS Gd Aetna Ay peel GY gece GB dsl - ALEYg GliglaSy tally aati gh CijLaaty Rial ils GM) gall WD gleld BIA GUE Lage St jLualt BSS Say ra G4 Ga Se 9) leg 1 Leads LGILS y0 gi LarqulSi gi Ay pL = ApcLisally Aim oloutl Gleall (yo byte 3am alga (Ayoed! Ly Heed! H+ Oh, CHjCOOH, | == CHACOOQ,, +H 2 Aga Ske yaaa Galt CIS 8 Ged MN Jott (Ra) gigi ys sy Ogi gd eB MS LS Ae Sole YI Sy (Ka) galt cyt | Asie sett Abadi ie 17x10? 11,805 ean gaan 6.7 x 10 HE Aapglbg atigt Gam ‘S.1x 10¢ HNO, Saal! oaam 1.8.x 10* CH3COOH | (eta) Ata aaam 44x10" HCO; Asa gam 58x10" H3BO3 Aye cae (sia M020 J gut)Wyola Uggs gb alan Gali Ge BIL (Seis) Supa stuell Saul dese Y Gig fp i GSI 539 ole age gall yall Old SIV 295 oN tiny ASIy ia paa shaal Ssha ly SoS g nl 1s Byasy AaduliG Alas py elall Che ee Lad pay lal + HjO* josh) At 5a sag psu ntagll Gaui gi Hydrated Hels o,— morse, + hy aS Bay Ladl eyblaadl 3 y9hs GSar9 = Stiga M Aisle pad Glia pe Joe Malar gas Galt DES 9 ONY BS 9 gai 1] ALIEN pat Ojon ISS 90 Mane 9s AL LD ay gat Sete 9 gal ott RII ye Lal oe Jae ede Jet Dales gir yaad! QL ASS Lam GUS Lae SL pally J gloat Be iy Dad IS y SY pi Mag athy GL e IGSI he LA Sake 5a SD Sligt! abaty Gg Dalat AS J Ses y ASSAM (oc) AB At+B- Angad BGig 351 Fale 34> Gbsii § AY! OUST GIST Ge ett ha Bary i Al gi ASAT) Amys Cop ABDAL! alos! 5198S ple Waal, {Sai dy Guid! Aguas Og IN Jat (C) mol/L 553219 (CC) Scanned by CamScannereileen! QI3¥! eat obit! ste JHA ayual 29) ine 95 ypl Goll Lies Laem golly V ge Lat gi Gea Dana (aS ASL pe Gye tok ia LN 8 NY HA: He +A° + GMb 5 Sat pM 1a he ASN Ja 59d Gada y Ka — IH] (Ad [Ha] aad Gaara Olly Sop g BTL Gbig 1 Se IS GIS 5 HA]. [AT [HY] S805 Cm ge Gh Las oN I. yet SAT gi Gui Cold gay Ka oIj5Y1 Ale aie AUN + G95 SISSY aad Sgleeall Ge SU (V) Bs AB (HA) ayaa soar! Ga lionty ASSAiet) OY gall ate ———————————_ .cisatiae sa ASE LG ASN GY at ane (1-01) HA Ga BSSaiaN pad OY gall sake 5959 390 ( OL) BSSAtEaN OY gall sake COIS ME + 090 = ARG AM Ht Se JS OY ge tc Soe galt ste FO Sa gicuns (V) iy weet +B LD Soally GIST the atgall OHS 3 5985 HA H+ A (d-) a @ v ¥ 'V + GIB ALS Jad 55318 Dialer G2 Gargacdlyy OL] 0b) coe IM iw Oe” owoe ae gs Nl 5 ly ABSA ota yay Bot Gat Bye! ABSA Gad gy hg Gailing auaaiN Ae p09 (OL) Sali! JU ska ja 3355 (2) S B pad 955 (CL) Gul Ap ya GIB Abaya Gly IYI Ae G8 (AL Ka Ae Temeatig Lis pS tent ath sgl Le gLiied GKa2 (1-01) Dead G1 Ale 9 Lge! GSe2 Cures 2 BSN LGN ays GIB Sylyall Days God wee Asin) moll = (C,) ayaa paar HS 5 Gita MLN goed! he AByLut! Atlas! AOS 5Seue K = @ x ‘Cy a= K c = Gees puSaly ASEAN The 53 S35 (FaS 9 SB) a 315 LS si eer GO mol Sp tee GA SAAS 53 Gut se T2x10"=Ky Gdeodt ald Cu ob ele25°C ic HON ShGhiws yugt! sl HON, HQ HO},+ CN, (at bate!) gil Gales Ka = @ x Cy 2a = [Taxi _ ; J 1 =85x 101 Agel lam WY pode hug Gaul 455 lum 1s Adabaall qaum eal 8 (Cie 5uS 53) Aili ae Ute aad pam AIS Lede CH,COOH + H,0, ——> CH,COO; + H30*,, [CHCOO™} [H,0*] = — —_ =ka Lad igs SSA oS Sle [CH,COOH) ee meer be sfakibe 5 glang CH;COO™ GSS OL gal Goo Bo be lake GU AGL! Atalaell Gay + HOt agg stugt Sligai Ga By [1,04] = [CH,COO7} pote SVS aad ome, [cH,cooH] AUS Sang Tbe! G50 (Ol) Lucas faba ie ISAs Le GLB Cass yaeol! GY 11) (© had! Add Goae HS 5 = (CO) OIIY! whe SAN Gee 555 old + QUBY! Cold Gilt ob Layenitlyy [H,0°P ¢, 1H,0'1= /Cax Ka Ka= + Jie BSC ee Ae saom Olmol/L Solene od pode etagll Goel HST ume! = 18K 10% Gdertl Gal Cyd gl tbeOe a aut SiR + dod! IHO'}= Jax Ka (H,0"]= (0.1 x18x10* =1342 X10? mol/L Dayal et gl Jaa 9 tell Goal HS 5 Glam plan (Siapy Angad Aig pasa Ue ilell glanall ob guli it! wetgatt Lar ySo Gola agaiy ytsgll Goal US 5 Glue Ady glo uals LauSy dag Goal S55 ELD Cty eal GB ISS Lae y Reged ely a ySLE GIB JUAN Jane eg 1 MN Gia Nily,+ 10 <=> NHjt,+ OF, + aia 9 sohuglly NHS” gal Got IS Gye lg Spe gS ayaa! ald! Wale Gatig [on-P INH] ONE TY ae y Say As ie SB le Fe Gl pee pal ASAI CY GY ita y AC) Aakea’t Li galt 545 95S aluy [NHg] Bedell Loge! 58 95 (OH-? [or}= J yx Ky »>Kec AGG Se puny Layers Suiogd 3.950! LE) Juogy Caza City pISH Ai! eLalt 1M gI53yyyileus! 3! eatlth Lat! 2H,0, = H,03,+ OH; + SUIS AagLut! Walast AUS [Soy dail g HQ, == Hy t OF + LS SGT CH Go jug K,= HELIO} = so [H,0] SiS 5 GLB SISSY) CI ed Ge Ca LS SOY eal Ge Gala be jie GA ERS shy DLN WB DAN Hala jess J 98a ed eg I ide pins Galle jad eLatl = UTM CA BOY pacing Sig Gulell o oladl 5S 55 Shea! Ky = [H+] [OH] = 1074 Gaps Soel FS 5 GaSb Qweittl aye gle SLU) Salas Gait elall G| Sumy + GB AUS Anglia Ge Jolmall SauS9 atsgl Sal 5uS yi Lyglane Auda garetl Sc Soul K, = [107] [10-7] = 10-4 + (Ky) ebell (5945! Juctontt SG Se SRI SeuS 9 rset Saale Gum achat Saal SHS 5 ae holm Bay Soth 6S 5 315 V8 yD hate gy 1x 10S gliagy clad igs! Qualls elal! Seas eh 5S 35 pe IBN 9 AD as Sree 9 hl Ssh 5S 55 I Ga a tae oS MSS 5 A ae Si + DH Value cine 9 ytugll (0 911) uit OSH] si Sap gah Se) SSF (10 yale) Ld ay A lt gn pH= -log [H,0*] Clog) (ing (Pp) ayaa! Aisha Ling 1318 AAU Lullowall Ayate Lad! gi daca paced Denys Ge meas ci glal gy + Ceauald UgMd AT abet ocelot Luad ais Ld ght ASLig clad gu! uolel! -log K, = ( log [H']) + ( log [OH]) = - log 10"*+ Guu Malad! Gib ( p) pathy ( tom) Read Saclay kK, = pH + pOH = 1s chau spetagt B01 by PH = 7 42 ee antag! Bp Aad Ss Joell J gts hes otal Ae! os 4 PH = 5 rey atgt ht 8 Uys. POH = Te AS AS artee Bt 598s PH = 8 cine step! eB! 58 Jetty POH = 9 ar (68219 PT pe ne ate Bo) Rad 5 5S Racal) SL 5B Qe» pOH = 6 DHDT sine stig Bt Aad 5 Ss Aye lat! stent Lei. POH>7 tt sts gilt POHCT tus 9 psig! ty + Sallomwadl saa oem 9 sates WBS SII J ystentt Cate Zero oops eae Imolll Jala T Tawa pass Tima Jaime Ta-16 Fae aaa 33 So ae 29 J 4 35 Tee _ 40 aaa | OF a =o 62 66-63 758 7 74-62 TAS 735 84 sale 5-78 Deaslea | 105 Gai | TT WF) GeO imolL Jaime a0 Teabiaye 130 Pope LaSgpgaOTmelL glee 140 Pais eS Aab imolL Jgle \oee 9 tas BN! ald Glee ( pH meter ) chess 915591 Gas ota alone 8 ogy LES Galil asi peel Aya RY PoaigeD Ay rglS Solos AGI by pgiageal! Gligs S GE BBS! 9 9593 quell Ay 91S J lowe Daal N89 psu ge8fl (GS) SLigust J glee AA MON Sg hand gb Bam geal) UL Dames Gye ASUS y pel) atic Bygy Bay Y tlealt pean Saket! a Gael Jolene | Guat shee B39 3.55 NagCOy Jolene ps8ti-\ costae otenalt | Geatt alee yy pant NHCl Jolene 815-1 Jalaie Jota icy | CHyCOONH, Jota ii -+ Jala Jgleat sale NaCl Joins p3ti-< ALAS Splat) Syant G33 peat Say + (gg SACKS go asad yam (yo Gia Gla) pgs rquall Liga 5S qlad ith fiat -1 eS 9 rtugl Gissig Gara rtagl! Gigs) head caged Cody STIS clatt Galiy + iS 99 S Gtigaly agar gee Cid gal ot) ASAT gil gts quad igg S Ayld! wey SauS 9 bugly pgp sguall Ga JS DU gsig th gg SII yaa 5955 JeLail Ga Hm hy Gi Bagnall C9 Clg ISN 431 GM guage! AuuS arta Sag pc aes Sacto) Saad Ag SN poem G95 Lai. Galt Bald GgS5 AygN Cty SIVOo Rralch Agsi) eam laa g Jolreal 98 GLigy SII GLigal ae ebell Gali Ge AgILUN Gam 9 pdagl GL gai Se Sas settal OU gat pawn Ciena AS Ge Litany. Sal as Atgs St) AgiLigl clad LS AN AGO ee play S19 6 GIN) Giead ela! SN 6D) Sap stag Sigal GS Gb Ged Qa gall cll Go 55) Gla se SS Ge Si OS 35 easy SaaS 9 tig Sigal S55 52l2} 9} S15 date age S Jolme G99 PH >7 cham gotaglt BN 598s Aa Coleg Gara tag! = Legl gps gual! + (Agate 501 eo 598 Waar Se Fike ale) prguigel sy yglS clad AU loa -¥ + AIAN SY abaatly call 8 pguiga tlt by 91S Glo9d Uutad GSey 20; Bes OF Ln = Ha Sas rdaell Oigal eel! 8 asad! sy ralS Gloss Ge Se Asi Lola Go Ey ABN Aha yalSp taglt am GSLs yp -pacigel Aus tady a zaISK) Gb gaig OLEH BASS ysl) Sigal agerg 5) si (CE HY) Salt Al GeSub 598 ats 5S) ela Sali yo ATL LeuS 9 tight GUigsi eo Seles gd pgdgatt! Gtigai Lal elati haggd Goma Aad Gal clays Cody TSH ody pouiga Dl cre 9 iad toad Seto UAd NaS ASB AIS gm wis S96 GUSTY! hey elt 1551 Ge SaaS 9 pehagl! ASA aS 9 sahigN Cligal GB yeti gga oLall Gas pSi Liam Gol A yliLgt Wg y SS 9 rtagt) bi gah S95 Go Si LHS 5 Haass Gaps tae! Obigai @S1 stadale Solna! cues (Riggaats SACS an taal pina Goa Gia le) agicigedlh (GIS YC uul led ttl Jie -¥ 2 AY OY alaatly cell GB a gub gett! Ota glysd Jute GheeikeeuSt! L571 eatlesh OL! BQ Fag OF CHCOONH, = CHy COO 5+ NH4Lo CH;COONH,+ H,0,—— > CH,COOH, 4, NH,OH,| Chal g FISH Leb DIS 9 pgudge) teuS 9 yatudy habit! yaar 5 9Siy Alla! ole (89 eet pea Gold a IL SAN Saee gael Ogg eS 5 Gh ny Mae a Siagkeeall j9Sub said) 6 glad GALS Soo SILL! JARI uu 9 ptagl! Gtigal 5S 55 CRIS = Valais + (Aggh 5teld ges yam Sa Fiiie Ele) pggaguall ty r9lS Glad SUI Mout -¢ + AGNI OY sbaatls oball 68 pgzaguall a yalS Glo 93 Jute GSe2 #0 == ity OF. NaCl) ——> CGg- Nays Nah HQ, Hi Oller Orrat Nata tei 9 pay GIG PLN y Sot! Shy pS tug Goer GeSiy Y Aled! oe Udy SaaS 9 rahul Ligaly Sues retell Gtigal SAG IAT. Gali ality 5 gt! s glatl Asya quad! Malate Jolreall 59509 oO LS elall Gold Go Crest Es cba oR hell Sly yd ia Sala) aS go deel Gi BAAS GI Say Faw baw Gall Sokewad Aye laly Aucrolead Dusoltel aig Thali Lage GLA gly year se eball oR GaN Shy 93 Goa GueeLAN 5 ghaly ell Je ISS le AoW NAR GM Jpeg dhe Bijae 5\pm Ap ys sie ell SA Oty A Gaede Gabe ale JS? Sally Aig J glo gy y AN! pub SLL gas Sealine GUS ATL 8 DIN Sa ees 0 60D BR KNO, pr gest th i) sb Aly 9B ke gal go A) SB Alaa COLA Bashy sd Gey Be pitl gud ste gt 2 AGC? Bab! aya ALLS iy 20°C aie 31.6g/100g sus\ia, oo Rina Sym Bans ke by ANN eon a Sue wet J gloat! eS 95 pa 9 0.00168/ 100g 5 has Sb Amy gu ae BLS Aas Sle oY oe Cindy Ph Brill poling) sung Ge AS OASi Ie 1 AYOY) Balad Lady yee pe gulag gd PbBry,, = Pb?t) + 2Br,, -ACSY Ja 5 gil gute Zita ad 1 O1SYI yb oie {pb?+] (Br7 Kap. [PpBr,} #1 BS YD iby abled) PBI, HS 5 Gi cues Ky = [Pb] [Br- P Beet gal iS y0 SY AYISY! Guales Solubility product AyI3%1 uals Ky, cb a2 Galiny GH Lge IS espe 52/ I gally 5 yds ALigsi FS FO yd uolm ae Gly + Gdial GN gloee ge G15) Whe ob test Gilly Cilia Y) OY 90 ate el 84Gb 8 Aes Sly Lele Ag, SO, Mast GS ALAIN! Jeol Ded Gane s Sie Sphany Digan pm Des tie. Ag, SO, 2a, = + Imet ama 14x 10° melt Ax 10° mol 14x10" mont, K, = (Ast? [S07] K, = [2x14x 10°F [14x 10°] = 1.0976 x 10*+ $2 8 adh! cla! plies Lada -¥ = thee GI53YI-1 ~ AalSaS911 De Lait) -€ Aa Seta -¥ = Slaaoet) Jalal! 1 + GeLai Jutae-0 sAguliLt gt 3403 -A « AUSY) Jad sila -¥ = elall 5931 Qualelt -1+ «AIM! uoke -4 Aad Gg 1 hae setae att 1 oil) Spud + WALD De LAW ala (p) Bm 9 AyulSaSY! GMeLaitt abel (¢) Gym gad NaOH. + HChgq,) = NaChaq) + O(a.) 4 2AENO sag.) + BACl aq.) = 2ABChs) + BAINO3)2:0q) 2Cu(NOg)aq) = 2CUO gy) + 4NO3y)+ Ong) CO) + HO q) = CO.) + Hag) Glee ct - pperyeecyecc) = Age 9245 Gil Lalgally LesSI) Jota! Jute «| = Ade J355 G20 Jalgally 5 jaN Lela gM aN AUB God Gat 9 had 5S 5 le AON Sal Ge pad JS OH ES Hy gy + CO2,g) HO )+CO i , SH=41.1KJ = G59 pST pu G15 FUE So ks pa BLS! -] oe bell liy Ge oy Fall BAL) = Slam dale BaLSI-¢,Oa Boles Aaeiony + Bly Ap ya 5aly5-3 ~ leg ame JUai 2 2 By pel Am 50 5.2Le} go SAU dad S0ly§ Bg AG OMSL he ci C8 NOq@ === 12Np (gq) + 2 Oy 3 MH= (-) $05 ip) <> 80 24g) #12 Oxy | ANS (+) NaH (g) ———== Nog) +2 Haq; AH = (-) ee) 1 gohy Lag Atalaallg Ayatclatly Aucaert! idlewalt le 3.52 At pH gles - i + 7.0 - at pH Jglme co = 4.0~ 43 pH Saleem - 12.0 = 43 pH Joins -s + eg Sigua 1 ABS Ot heal be US dubs Ju cl ala! Glad Mela atgall G9S5y puSally Ga zball Gyolas yt IS G8 pau iN Geli! 1 -¢ ee) SEL Sue 9B 5) pallaaly Sage pe Lola! Go AgiLUly “Ge ) GAS Sam 9 8 Ae lLAia atgel 545 55 C8 pd! ste Deol elas ne Leal ipa Jel Re paw al LS 5 yh poate y2 gy dhe ap Gee D SELEY at gd aces ja Ct 5S NN cs pale gh kamacall She G155) ATLe (8 AUS (ole SB S50! algal! Ami G8 a5 Sue 131-2 BN La oily gi Ulday SAN ol YI ob Lai PUGH G18 SyLponl! Ap ys gi FS UN+ ald Mijas 1 GUS Bylec 2 4285 Sat = GELEN Judes he FS 51 Sit -i + Sia folate pw gle 3j)pall Ae ss 285 -y + JOLY G1 5IY1 C9 Bd Ga N04 (g) 2 NO} (g) 0.213mol/L = [NO,] « 0.213mol/L =(N,04] gy5¥ ae CHS pi ge G pe Galoyi Jigudl 1s Aalaiie gi Agel gi Ancole Atel bgltlone 5955 LGV! algal! ci (NH,); COs , KCI , NHNO3 , FeCl; Tpke AEN Sigal AYES We alt (Ke) 5591 Cy Atala US) CO (g) + H,0 (2) === = CO, (g) + Hy (g) 4.NH; (g) +303(g) S———_ 2 Np (g) +6 H,0 (g) 7 pie GON Jigudt 25S 3 Solon gb 3% Splut Gig pall Salmi ayaa squne year Guild Ap ya cals 13) = peared gl (Ka) Go Cy Gaunt. 0.2 mol/L : 1 Geliliae By) cle 93 Lhe GISSYI Cyl glladd IY) Jel Bag +h® 2HI(g) — Ke=67 at 850°C 2HI(e) — Ke=50 at 448°C Hy ig +1) he anit 2 95 ype Soke pi alle Jel! Jamil ss) Bale | juukS 085 jLpaW gota 2 lo Jota) Tae BCA At 6 lat 25°C ade K, = 1x 10 ola sg! uolenll Aad Gi ale | 1 Ap yall ote ae YI pon pH [oH] [H+] 1x10" 12 (GEE pasha Sigal A213] Joole Shy Lele BaSO, pyle! Stays sett Joo! 5 Bat] Ge! -K.= 11x10" Gee) Agi hol= Oo Gut. 10Smol/L od AgCl ASSN 4 91S bb 93 Ae 39 SAIS 131Rape Leet s alt kal Gall ll eile Ad 5 Leasax £ ON phe 1318 989 Si sais Ba pelo LSI OLY Gulla uty gi 8 Ago) 3 jai 909 Akal ASN! G8Ood ON SMe pads - Aull DY | 2 9g2> sol ob dat srcualg all) Cnr gptagl! Calas 2 all Cys ~ ASL) AW Ag gS) aah at 3 9) Caan - ASLalg AWW > Mae Yt jal COS - BY pas sagem Leake pus = A Blaley LSS! (0 Aalline e! gti Bas. “ASUDy ikea Sa totayt A189 AS Ss cA iae sit 1B Ligi13 Gams aS) 1B Copal pl Acals Anau) BOLL Ayes Gauss - CMY pple STL oa p91 LA 9 ei gs - AD 9 SIN WSN) oB OURBY) Lic Shed 5) Ge lat! COS - 2A 9 ETE) LDS g AySlabend) LYS! ons jes - AAS 9 OY DLN Cates she a pats » ssa gual che 9 ball ISIS 6 USI Sted AN Sel puts = AGLUINY AAAS 2 Bg 45M 5 Lees 399 ys - AST! Lee! Aad G8 5 Lela! 592 tds -Bap nt eLyag SH ye lpg Di Ale Ln lg AB Lat! gue al Ay ag! Mbt ncn Faus¥) OUT JOE 5a Day pgS! Mla y lees! ABA Gy JA ped! Baby oS) BSL Go] ALCL at gt hed Spa Lag INT Mgt JRUS 1 DLL Gang JIE SIGS Feu) ODLoLS el Cog PLN A pay. eS Lea PB Lyne MU Nath CV -8) JAD LS gl CLES Hn) OLS J glee 28 Cre LB Ga Boutie ued - co? Crue gL) 502 Taty Lady Cre I Aono haw he Gua is Hay gale! 5 Sf tad Bg Co) -£) SSE Las J slat! 28 5 st ads SB AB SM) le) OLS J glee 9) SH ADS ges Aly ge BT AS pL ay - Cue stall Ob staju gost! ete uel Znibo Cutty (glot) psa cute | Ciy-€) ys AU Akal Ace pad Sigs UG JIS y BeSi Jokad pa ceke be 5! "+ Cu —= Zn + Cue Pe yah fe2 eS aaah Bs) 1 SOLAS led 5 5 9S NOL ka Si dae ay, Engi 28 aust aetas el Ga) (Zs) Cues gsi oll Lath y Coda 801 (ZI) Squash 33 JS aad a DSA 2 BS 9 9h 9 Cte SI Ange Cuz +26 —> Cue pies Cormega he LS a a Cras atN) G5 9 SY J gloat 52 (CUP) Galo Gal JS cual es trae SBS Dongle es hes ase SA) (CU) palntt 5! Sst wie Sn aa Mgt ey A y SLAMS! LDL Day ALAS IF Be Lal ed hy ABN ed rs tlle 28 pd) ONS SID Chea y Ayla Bphaid Gays Ge Lagi had! ge Ady! cB Sky SO SUEY IF y Bau YellS Ga BSL p65 5 le J sume)! Sas ty g ASL AUS By sllag) ath peas a Aap Ble bb padcad Bae!) DLAI! Ge hl pa Shia BBs 2AM) LOEIY gpd! (pd gar g « (BIBS yu) Ut Electrolysis Cells 256511 Jutoc0 L9S 3i Electrolytic Cells BeteSi LOLS phe Ded ings 5 le Mpa pent Set oI Bey! LOE ones coy (o£) Jee BMS (Jit) AAS Ugta gag- StaIS JHGE I - 7 LOM Zn? gg se 1.0 M Cg, (otf) ps7653) Lees: esl aM bal Ha) Cr Lind! GIB Se Ty (Guetta) ult! JIB Ga rol Ga MAAN! ole GSS Cate See Jae ny Inland SoS] oH AIS y Ao Dial teal J glove oP gaits Lege US (Crustal! gly Aelia stkk OB el Og pay = Rh as Dyas dob ad 6 Lil Sy Agonla 3 play 28H gi tenets Crue LS! opt Byes Lay ALE a egtt leat! 985 (Cathode) 231s 5 Cad 9 SIN By t AA se IS 582 ge ll J gloat! Lal - AI 8 Lut Catnatt 52 o( Anode) Electrolyte not IS papa codons Jao yt ghia tihins BABY! ated nag ey soghy Lag BUSI oe GB styl JIE YI - Buus Jel ua gi ety +(Anode) 3934) aie =i Tn —> Tn 4 26 paaly ‘ ‘aq «Cathode 3,315 tie <9 (issn) oe ; Cur + 27—> Cul} AB chua ALES g gare 9 (T o£ JRE) BURN SP Ssla ASI JL 55805 * y Tit Cig Pitt Ci BAe aad 8 Crue sla}! JB IS gly Laie AAAI! 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Oi Soe C2 ASL ARN! 2 Aap PET godge Gold tpt edt Lamtol ned ya A ilale AUS 5 655 Gayle Ge A035 Ad gga Vehey (tad igs) gab Sa ng AaB RE) sale od - pny SL gee ss aly cad Polat pub dat ge lane Sas 256 GES OF See AL RS ALB Ce apg ed plait she pba G5 by 5 alatng SOB! sigs Ayesha cpRS palin! olla he Cet 9B AS ahaa Cre antag! cia SS g (Lem?) cnGdig) 30 aaudue ga (1-8) USL goa agulll CHGS) Ga Bptaul Riudey Slade SgLS dakads Cod Creag SAE a shed gale wats Soles 2 ryakes Soe dake tots 2 Juie ala neues 9 - cod pane si se (1mol/L) 5 50 Che gig) alas Bg IAT) ole Cd Crm gigi! way aut; y -Zero = cages (SHE) puta ccqultl Ce apg qed (F-€) Joc Sal FSF nl sdel Ge una Nike age AebDis 3) SRM A jet daa yy 9} J gloat C3 ne antag! -Pt- H,(latm) /2H° (1mol/L) (p> diewat | 5a zthy Dealt) Cone gg) Alb te jayual apart Ly Mall Calas (E") Awa Ayuleat) aggratt lid Ge elalall GXei = aL Ge 9 sakegl a geet ADL lie By ja DU 9 Ay pat Adtuad JAS sogent Auuitly (AGT 43 Ayuldat aggetl otk Cu, be fly chal gb Atha al Si G9SF Coes Aupgall JULY agget Aull Lytelay Agee Auudany ejay be gle CATs June Uglaul cod Aye gall All Sig Alulult SAIN Fidel prolly 4S agen! Ala ga gy. puol all Ay pS) A Stee Nalgc pind Audi eB tic e259 ALL AS a ogee! Gs pliant - SAG Letic A ggany Mgitig iS) saa Lgl oi AT gga SES iN) Gt plat 9 - Bag Fagg p65 aggeet Alaa 2B 33) BISs Lay parte si Sigal ae Jole b ea Abaabial Adal Ayla he ABS Ny Ayglems! SY agget GIS peoLiall oy eB SIME GSS 9 Gli gsl Alam he GISMaN 6955 Loti ci) gl SauSLie! Sy gual SNS Wgsl Sines. (Py) gd SLE GUiaie Ste Aug FtuS $0 else (Ay patel gle SIRs ines pale ci ae Jeli GB JSS loth Gly SSI OLAS! ole Si 3508 ag p45 ag gent Bak 58 ei = Age Meh at eee oR Mgt IN peo Lindl ome oF Abhi! 8 Aantal puobiall ip geal 93) AURLaN penal! 5 a5 Gy mentle: Guy GA Gd agll al} Lely gh Al SRY) gee 93) pA juan ale le (Asslea! JAY! gi Aydt 38% AGUS 5 Ge (Aplet AS31 oe Jad Ba SIH aggetl Blake GB Gur ysis Bod Q83 GUN puoliall Gee -2 Cas seggh se Ls gi) Bacall ubloeadl ob Gung shag Sigs why aalS gs rtagl! Gaem ge ent! pois Jolai ils Jie Fe’ +2HCI1 ——» FeCl, +H, A LL] aul { bial7653) Lees: esl aM bal = Cotes suhag Ligh ome SHAN gre ual 315 geal AML ga C15 LalS 5 Aggzet Luks CB Gaps tag Cet ea) AN si Asp gall agg! GIS jolie Lei Alaa GB Gam a tag! Gig si foes Jock Gi lel GSas MB As St! edlas ByLby Rhy pemte sh AS had ale geet i col! Lhe 3312 Y) sientig OB SIGE! Agles Ge Syhse We Gyno Mall AS asad ob LOLA! GIS (31b« Aue sagt (EY) unl VTS Agen ya Lid geet Zn + 2¢° —> Zn’ (JUeIaubee) = O.TGV Grab um 9 tig geet Battle yu VALS aad EE ge BedeS) Aylae Lie fey Sym Aatliae jlo) 93 598s punted (gt SL age GSy Zn ——> Zn**+ 2e° E =+0.76V Baus sgt LS Ay ng ggend! Abul 8 pola! 2455 Liaal Kgs AIR LITS Gte g Cee 9B LAS = ATL gga Ana Lately Die gl a gal! Auaitly L955 Aaa AN Aoniue J gtotty ee pladiuly Lay Agile BUS CY Ay gS Madi! 54dN) Glan GSary A yAllalee!l AWA Aged 9S Capen La Led YS gl Alea pauad BauSY) age gi JGSYI o batts hue ge Ded + OBAV = cult AAS el ull JURY ged O3KV mule YS aaa pls) SUSY agen y = O.76V = Sepia hie Bhd ead esl JI SES YT gen Lei + 0.76V = Sopa shied AS Caudill SauS YI ig 59S bey ead NES Slee Brb- emf Aslalay AMAL Ay gM AndIUN gal ‘aust emf or E., = 0.34 - (-0.76) = 1.1V AgMA pae FUSY cigs a - emfax emf or E,,, = 0.76 - (-0.34) = 1.1V AWN gaat JNFIRYg S4uSYI Sg Foaxe = emf emf or E_,, = 0.76 + 0.34 = 1.1V (anda gla Du J pty) + praia AaLeesS 9 gS) ag geetl Abules Sb! Gani ert Alle | itt ae o,) Jelisl! ina’) Agt+e nt Pitts26 Au Aus+43e 2F F,+2esogll AagahgygStt ABA CLI place Daan Lad Bihan! WSL alt Secondary cells 2249 Wis -2 Primary cells ag § 9-1 SIGH = Fk) OCA Ge Yd Cid Le JO Sa Ay agSl! Abllal) WG Aatail Garees A alaagS ABs ott A gpl! 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