Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent
Product Information
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Construction Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Other Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Physical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Chemical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Handling and Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Maintaining Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Transfer Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Unloading in Cold Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
New Facilities and Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Toxicity and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Shipping Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Huntsman Sales Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Introduction
Huntsman's Gas Treating business is a leading global
supplier of gas treating chemicals, supplying a wide
range of chemicals to the gas conditioning industry for
the removal of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in
refinery as well as in produced gas streams. Continuous
research and development helps our customers find
more effective ways to solve their gas treating requirements. In addition we provide the necessary marketing,
sales, manufacturing and technical support to supply
customers with the right products at the right time and
at a competitive price.
DIGLYCOLAMINE AGENT (DGA)
Huntsman is one of the largest global producers of
specialty amines, with an annual capacity exceeding
90 million pounds. The DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent
(DGA) can be reacted with fatty acids to form
amides and amine salts for foam-boosting surfactants, stabilizers, detergents, and LAS emulsifying
and wetting agents in shampoos, metalworking,
paper treating and textile operations.
The DIGLYCOLAMINE (DGA) brand of 2-(2aminoethoxy) ethanol is a critical component in the
removal of hydrogen sulfide and/or carbon dioxide
from gas streams. In addition to supplying this market, Huntsman is a leader in supplying this proven
technology in increasing quantities for paint strippers,
photoresist strippers for electronic circuit boards,
Method of Determination
Appearance
ST-30.1
Boiling range
ASTM, C
ST-32.1
IBP
216 min.
95%
226 max.
35 max.
ST-30.12
wt. % by titration
98 min.
ST-5.5
Water, wt. %
0.5 max.
ST-31.53
DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent,
Analytical Procedures
Abbreviated forms of the standard methods of test for
use with DGA agent specifications are presented here.
Copies of the methods in detail are available from our
Technical Services Section in The Woodlands, Texas,
upon request.
APPEARANCE (Method No. ST-30.1) is determined by
visual inspection of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent in a 100-ml
tall-form Nessler tube.
BOILING RANGE (Method No. ST-32.1) is determined
by a procedure similar to ASTM D 1078-63.
Applications
Gas Treating Applications
DIGLYCOLAMINE/DEA is widely used for the absorption
of acid gases, such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2), and has been accepted worldwide
as a successful gas treating agent. The DGA agent
brand of 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol is also used for
removal of carbonyl sulfide (COS) from aliphatic liquid
hydrocarbon streams using a patented Huntsman
Corporation process.
Experience obtained during the commercial application
of DIGLYCOLAMINE gas treating agent has proven that
its use often results in significant savings over other
sweetening processes when the acid gas content of the
stream to be treated is greater than 1 mole %. Natural
gas sweetening units now in operation are treating gas
streams with CO2:H2S ratios varying from over 100:1 to
0.1:1. Several plants are processing gas streams having
acid gas contents in excess of 30 mole % with DIGLYCOLAMINE agent. Hydrogen sulfide recovered in
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent units is being converted to
bright sulfur via the Claus process.
Applications
between 50 - 60 wt. %, current commercial experience
confirms the applicability of up to 75 wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE agent systems.
ACID GAS LOADING Recommended acid gas loadings will vary significantly in terms of SCF of acid gas/
gallon of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent, depending on
CO2:H2S ratios, construction materials, and solution
concentrations. Gases containing low CO2:H2S ratios
are much less corrosive to amine treating systems and
can be loaded to higher levels without experiencing
undue corrosion, as compared to gas streams having
high CO2:H2S ratios.
Gross acid gas loadings of 0.35 to 0.425 mole/mole of
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent solution are the typical current
commercial practice. Recent experience, however, indicates that higher loadings may be possible when treating gases with low CO2:H2S ratios. Residual acid gas
loading of lean DIGLYCOLAMINE agent solutions will
normally be in the range of 0.05 0.06 mole of acid
gas per mole of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent solution for
high CO2:H2S ratios. Lower residual acid gas loadings
for lean DIGLYCOLAMINE agent solution are usually
obtained with low CO2:H2S ratios.
Applications
should be provided to enable plant operators to determine the quantity of heat being supplied to the DIGLYCOLAMINE agent solution reclaimer. Improper reclaimer
operation can result in increases in contaminants as
well as higher degradation product concentrations.
To determine DIGLYCOLAMINE agent reclaiming cycle
times, samples of lean treating solution and the
reclaimer liquid should be analyzed periodically for
increases in contaminant levels. Increases in contaminant level will vary at each individual plant; therefore, a
history of reclaiming operations must be developed. Our
Technical Services team can aid customers in determining optimum reclaimer cycle times.
It is recommended that the DIGLYCOLAMINE agent
reclaimer be designed utilizing the same basic design
techniques as those employed for monoethanolamine
reclaimers, with several additional considerations:
Applications
The reclaimer should typically be sized to handle a minimum of 0.5% of the circulating solution. Certain types
of applications might require higher reclaiming rates.
To optimize degradation product reconversion,
reclaiming temperatures should be maintained below
360F and typically around 350 to 355F. In order to
minimize thermal degradation, supplemental water
feed to the reclaimer is usually required to prevent the
reclaiming temperature from exceeding the 360F
level. A portion of the regenerator reflux, steam condensate, or good quality make-up water can be used
for this purpose.
Control of the DIGLYCOLAMINE agent feed to the
reclaimer is usually accomplished by setting a constant heat input to the reclaimer. With a constant
reclaimer heat duty, the reclaimer feed rate is controlled by the reclaimer kettle liquid level control. If
steam is utilized as the heating medium, it is recommended that a sparging steam line be installed below
the reclaimer tube bundle.
Availability of sparging steam is particularly advantageous at the end of the reclaiming cycle to prevent
settling of the accumulated sludge and solids, which
will reduce liquid circulation around the reclaimer tube
bundle. Because relatively long reclaiming cycles can
be realized, it is important that 8 to 12 inches of clearance be provided between the bottom of the reclaimer
shell and the reclaimer tube bundle. This clearance will
accommodate the buildup of solids and sludge.
Applications
Other Applications
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is suggested for use in many
applications where other alkanolamines, morpholine, or
other amines have been utilized. It reacts with fatty
acids to form amides and amine salts useful as surfaceactive agents, such as foam boosters and stabilizers,
detergents, and emulsifying and wetting agents. The
reference numbers used in the following paragraphs
refer to the bibliography.
Our laboratory data demonstrate that, in certain concentration ranges, DIGLYCOLAMINE agent imparts
greater viscosities than triethanolamine in amine-neutralized linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid formulations. This
effect is quite advantageous in shampoos and other
specialty detergent and emulsifier applications. Aqueous
solutions of sulfonic acid neutralized with DIGLYCOLAMINE agent had the following viscosities at the indicated concentrations at 25C:
Active Ingredients, %
10
15
20
25
Triethanolamine salt,
viscosity, SUS
5.5
9.9
64
728
4,725
DIGLYCOLAMINE
agent salt, viscosity
SUS
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent solution use in shampoo formulations also results in reduced eye irritation.
Applications
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is used in accelerator additives
for alkaline paint stripping solutions. These products usually require much shorter contact times than more conventional alkaline paint stripping compositions.38, 45, 46, 48
Fire-resistant polyamide ester hydraulic fluids are produced by reacting DIGLYCOLAMINE agent with a dibasic
acid or one of its derivatives, such as phthalic anhydride.50
Anhydrous mixtures of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent and
other selective solvents are used to separate aromatic
compounds from hydrocarbon liquids. Extraction or
extractive distillation is employed. DIGLYCOLAMINE
agents high boiling point makes it especially suitable for
this application.36, 39, 42
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is also used in the TherMEcel
process for protecting and stabilizing transformer insulation papers against thermal deterioration and decomposition products of transformer oil and other liquid
dielectrics. The TherMEcel process was developed by
the Thomas A. Edison Division of McGraw-Edison. In
this process, newly formed paper is thoroughly impregnated with an aqueous solution of DIGLYCOLAMINE
agent while still on the papermaking machine.37, 49
Physical Properties
The following physical properties are for DIGLYCOLAMINE
agent, a product of Huntsman
Corporation:
Molecular Weight
105.14
Boiling point, 760 mm Hg, C
221
Critical constants*
Critical temperature, C
401.4
Critical pressure, atm
42.98
Critical density, g/cc
0.322
Density, g/ml, 60F
1.0585
77F
1.0508
Flash point, Pensky-Martens closed cup, F
255
Freezing point, C
-12.2
Heat of vaporization, 760 mm Hg, Btu/lb
219.14
lonization constant, 25C, kb
3.6 x 10-5
Refractive index, nD, 20C
1.4598
Specific gravity, 20/20C
1.0560
Specific heat of liquid, Btu/lb/ F, 60F
0.571
180F
0.623
Thermal conductivity, 68F,
Btu/hr, sq ft,F/ft
0.121
Vapor pressure, 68F, mm Hg
<0.01
Viscosity, 60F, cp
40
Weight, 60F, Ib/gal
8.82
* Calculated
10
Heats of Solution
20.1 wt. % water in DGA agent
Physical Properties
Property
Figure
Water Vapor Dew Points Over Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Versus Temperature
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Kinematic Viscosity of an Aqueous 25 Wt. % DGA Agent Solution Versus Temperature
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Kinematic Viscosity of an Aqueous 50 Wt. % DGA Agent Solution Versus Temperature
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Kinematic Viscosity of an Aqueous 65 Wt. % DGA Agent Solution Versus Temperature
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Kinematic Viscosity of an Aqueous 80 Wt. % DGA Agent Solution Versus Temperature
10
Effect of Temperature on Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.1 Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
11
Effect of Temperature on Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.2 Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
12
Effect of Temperature on Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.4 Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
13
Effect of Temperature on Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.2 Moles CO2 and 0.2 Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
14
Effect of Temperature on Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.1 Moles CO2 and 0.3 Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
15
16
17
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Density of an Aqueous 25 Wt. % DGA Agent Solution Versus Temperature
18
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Density of an Aqueous 50 Wt. % DGA Agent Solution Versus Temperature
19
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Density of an Aqueous 65 Wt. % DGA Agent Solution Versus Temperature
20
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Density of an Aqueous 75 Wt. % DGA Agent Solution Versus Temperature
21
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Density of an Aqueous 80 Wt. % DGA Agent Solution Versus Temperature
22
Effect of Temperature on Density of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.2 Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
23
Effect of Temperature on Density of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.4 Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
24
Effect of Temperature on Density of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.1 Moles CO2 and 0.1 Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
25
Effect of Temperature on Density of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.2 Moles CO2 and 0.2 Moles H2S/ Mole DGA Agent
26
27
28
29
30
31
Hydrogen Solubility in Gas Treating Amine Solutions Versus Hydrogen Partial Pressure
32
33
11
Physical Properties
Figure 1
Vapor Pressure of Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solutions
3,000
Water
50 Wt. % DGA Agent
70 Wt. % DGA Agent
90 Wt. % DGA Agent
95 Wt. % DGA Agent
100 Wt. % DGA Agent
2,000
1,000
700
500
VAPOR PRESSURE, mm Hg
300
200
100
70
50
30
20
10
3
100
150
200
250
TEMPERATURE, F
12
300
400
500
Physical Properties
Figure 2
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium for Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solutions at Various Pressures
440
420
400
380
360
340
760 mm Hg
TEMPERATURE, F
320
300
300 mm Hg
280
260
100 mm Hg
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
0
10
20
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
13
Physical Properties
Figure 3
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium for Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solutions at Various Pressures
540
520
500
480
460
440
TEMPERATURE, F
420
400
380
20 PSIA
360
25 PSIA
340
35 PSIA
320
300
280
260
240
220
0
10
20
40
50
60
70
14
80
90
100
Physical Properties
Figure 4
Water Vapor Dew Points Over Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solutions Versus Temperature
120
110
100
Water
50 Wt. % DGA Agent
70 Wt. % DGA Agent
80 Wt. % DGA Agent
90 Wt. % DGA Agent
95 Wt. % DGA Agent
97 Wt. % DGA Agent
98 Wt. % DGA Agent
99 Wt. % DGA Agent
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
10
20
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
TEMPERATURE, F
15
Physical Properties
Figure 5
Viscosity of DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Versus Temperature
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
VISCOSITY, cp
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
1
50
100
150
200
TEMPERATURE, F
16
250
300
Physical Properties
Figure 6
Viscosity of Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solutions Versus Temperature
100,000.0
Freezing Point Curve
40F
10,000.0
20F
1,000.0
VISCOSITY, cp
0F
20F
100.0
40F
60F
80F
100F
120F
10.0
140F
160F
180F
200F
1.0
0.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
17
Physical Properties
Figure 7
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Kinematic Viscosity of an
Aqueous 25 Wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solution Versus Temperature
4.00
(24 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.38 Moles CO 2/MOLE
DGA Agent
(24 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.19 Moles CO 2/MOLE
DGA Agent
(25 Wt. % DGA Agent); no CO 2
3.00
2.00
1.50
1.25
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
50
75
100
125
150
TEMPERATURE, F
18
175
200
225
250
Physical Properties
Figure 8
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Kinematic Viscosity of an
Aqueous 50 Wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solution Versus Temperature
30.00
(44.8 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.41 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(47.2 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.19 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(49.6 Wt. % DGA Agent); no CO 2
(48.6 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.10 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(46.0 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.21 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent and 0.23 Moles
H2S/Mole DGA Agent
(46.6 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.11 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent and 0.29 Moles
H2S/Mole DGA Agent
20.00
15.00
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.75
1.50
1.25
1.00
0.90
0.80
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
TEMPERATURE, F
19
Physical Properties
Figure 9
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Kinematic Viscosity of an
Aqueous 65 Wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solution Versus Temperature
100.00
(57.0 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.42 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(58.7 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.20 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent and 0.21
Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
(60.9 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.20 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(59.4 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.10 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent and 0.30
Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
(62.6 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.10 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(64.4 Wt. % DGA Agent); no CO 2
75.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.75
1.50
1.25
50
75
100
125
150
TEMPERATURE, F
20
175
200
225
250
Physical Properties
Figure 10
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Kinematic Viscosity of an
Aqueous 80 Wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solution Versus Temperature
1,000.0
(69.0 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.42 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(71.2 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.20 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent and 0.21
Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
(72.0 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.10 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent and 0.30
Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
(73.6 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.20 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(76.9 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.10 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(79.5 Wt. % DGA Agent); no CO 2
500.0
100.0
75.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
TEMPERATURE, F
21
Physical Properties
Figure 11
Effect of Temperature on Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous
DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.1 Moles CO2 /Mole DGA Agent
100
90
80
70
60F
80F
100F
120F
140F
160F
180F
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
Solutions of 50, 65,
and 80 wt. % DGA
agent were loaded to
0.1 moles CO2/mole
DGA agent to obtain
this family of curves.
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
22
70
80
90
100
Physical Properties
Figure 12
Effect of Temperature on Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous
DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.2 Moles CO2 /Mole DGA Agent
100
90
80
70
60F
80F
100F
120F
140F
160F
180F
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
23
Physical Properties
Figure 13
Effect of Temperature on Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous
DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.4 Moles CO2 /Mole DGA Agent
1,000
800
60F
80F
100F
120F
140F
160F
180F
600
500
400
300
200
100
80
60
50
40
30
20
10
8
6
5
4
Solutions of 25, 50,
65, and 80 wt. %
DGA agent were
loaded to 0.4 moles
CO2/mole DGA
agent to obtain this
family of curves.
3
2
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
24
80
90
100
Physical Properties
Figure 14
Effect of Temperature on Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous
DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.2 Moles CO2 and 0.2 Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
100
90
80
70
60F
80F
100F
120F
140F
160F
180F
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
Solutions of 50, 65, and 80
wt. % DGA agent were
loaded to 0.2 moles CO2
and 0.2 moles H2S/mole
DGA agent to obtain this
family of curves.
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
25
Physical Properties
Figure 15
Effect of Temperature on Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous
DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.1 Moles CO2 and 0.3 Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
100
90
80
70
60F
80F
100F
120F
140F
160F
180F
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
Solutions of 50, 65, and 80
wt. % DGA agent were
loaded to 0.1 moles CO2
and 0.3 moles H2S/mole
DGA agent to obtain this
family of curves.
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
26
70
80
90
100
Physical Properties
Figure 16
Density of DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Versus Temperature
1.13
1.12
1.11
1.10
1.09
1.08
1.07
1.06
1.05
DENSITY, g/cc
1.04
1.03
1.02
1.01
1.00
0.99
0.98
0.97
0.96
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.92
0.91
0.90
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240 260
280 300
TEMPERATURE, F
27
Physical Properties
Figure 17
Density of Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solution Versus Temperature
1.13
Freezing Point Curve
1.12
40F
1.11
20F
1.10
0F
1.09
20F
1.08
40F
60F
DENSITY, g/cc
1.07
80F
1.06
100F
1.05
120F
1.04
140F
1.03
160F
1.02
180F
1.01
1.00
0.99
0.98
0.97
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
28
80
90
100
Physical Properties
Figure 18
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Density of an Aqueous
25 Wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solution Versus Temperature
1.160
(24 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.38 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(24.1 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.21
Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent and
0.20 Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
(24.6 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.19
Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(24.4 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.09
Moles CO2 and 0.11 Moles
H2S/Mole DGA Agent
(25 wt. % DGA Agent); no CO2
1.140
1.120
DENSITY, g/cc
1.100
1.080
1.060
1.040
1.020
1.000
0.980
80
100
120
140
160
180
TEMPERATURE, F
29
Physical Properties
Figure 19
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Density of an Aqueous
50 Wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solution Versus Temperature
1.160
(44.8 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.41
Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(46.6 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.18
Moles CO2 and 0.21 Moles
H2S/Mole DGA Agent
(47.2 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.19
Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(48.1 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.11
Moles CO2 and 0.11 Moles
H2S/Mole DGA Agent
(49.6 wt. % DGA Agent); no CO2
1.140
1.120
DENSITY, g/cc
1.100
1.080
1.060
1.040
1.020
1.000
0.980
80
100
120
140
TEMPERATURE, F
30
160
180
Physical Properties
Figure 20
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Density of an Aqueous
65 Wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solution Versus Temperature
1.160
1.140
1.120
DENSITY, g/cc
1.100
1.080
1.060
1.040
1.020
1.000
0.980
80
100
120
140
160
180
TEMPERATURE, F
31
Physical Properties
Figure 21
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Density of an Aqueous
75 Wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solution Versus Temperature
1.160
1.140
1.120
DENSITY, g/cc
1.100
1.080
1.060
1.040
1.020
1.000
0.980
80
100
120
140
TEMPERATURE, F
32
160
180
Physical Properties
Figure 22
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Density of an Aqueous
80 Wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solution Versus Temperature
1.180
1.160
1.140
DENSITY, g/cc
1.120
1.100
1.080
1.060
1.040
1.020
1.000
80
100
120
140
160
180
TEMPERATURE, F
33
Physical Properties
Figure 23
Effect of Temperature on Density of Aqueous
DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.2 Moles CO2 /Mole DGA Agent
1.13
60F
1.12
1.11
80F
100F
120F
1.10
140F
1.09
160F
1.08
180F
DENSITY, g/cc
1.07
1.06
1.05
1.04
1.03
1.02
1.01
1.00
0.99
0.98
0.97
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
34
80
90
100
Physical Properties
Figure 24
Effect of Temperature on Density of Aqueous
DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.4 Moles CO2 /Mole DGA Agent
1.20
1.19
1.18
1.17
60F
80F
100F
120F
140F
1.16
1.15
160F
1.14
180F
1.13
1.12
1.11
DENSITY, g/cc
1.10
1.09
1.08
1.07
1.06
1.05
1.04
1.03
1.02
1.01
1.00
0.99
0.98
0.97
0.96
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
35
Physical Properties
Figure 25
Effect of Temperature on Density of Aqueous
DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.1 Moles CO2 and 0.1 Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
1.13
Solutions of 25, 50, and 75 wt.
% DGA agent were loaded to
0.1 moles CO2 and 0.1 moles
H2S/mole DGA agent to obtain
this family of curves.
1.12
1.11
60F
1.10
80F
1.09
100F
120F
1.08
140F
1.07
DENSITY, g/cc
160F
1.06
180F
1.05
1.04
1.03
1.02
1.01
1.00
0.99
0.98
0.97
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
36
80
90
100
Physical Properties
Figure 26
Effect of Temperature on Density of Aqueous
DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.2 Moles CO2 and 0.2 Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
1.15
Solutions of 25, 50, and 75 wt.
% DGA agent were loaded to
0.2 moles CO2 and 0.2 moles
H2S/mole DGA agent to obtain
this family of curves.
1.14
1.13
60F
80F
100F
1.12
120F
1.11
140F
1.10
160F
1.09
180F
DENSITY, g/cc
1.08
1.07
1.06
1.05
1.04
1.03
1.02
1.01
1.00
0.99
0.98
0.97
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
37
Physical Properties
Figure 27
Specific Heat of Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solutions Versus Temperature
340
320
300
Water
50 Wt. % DGA Agent
60 Wt. % DGA Agent
70 Wt. % DGA Agent
80 Wt. % DGA Agent
90 Wt. % DGA Agent
DGA Agent
280
260
TEMPERATURE, F
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
1.05
1.00
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
38
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
Physical Properties
Figure 28
Thermal Conductivity of Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solutions
0.45
0.40
Water
20 Wt. % DGA Agent
40 Wt. % DGA Agent
60 Wt. % DGA Agent
80 Wt. % DGA Agent
DGA Agent
Boiling Point Curve
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
50
100
150
200
250
TEMPERATURE, F
39
Physical Properties
Figure 29
Freezing Points of Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solutions
80
70
60
50
40
FREEZING POINT, F
30
20
10
10
20
30
40
50
60
10
20
40
50
60
40
70
80
90
100
Physical Properties
Figure 30
pH of Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solutions at 20 C
100.0
70.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
7.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
10
11
12
13
14
pH
41
Physical Properties
Figure 31
Surface Tension of Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solutions Versus Temperature
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
Water
50 Wt. % DGA Agent
75 Wt. % DGA Agent
DGA Agent
15
10
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
TEMPERATURE, F
42
120
130
140
150
Physical Properties
Figure 32
Hydrogen Solubility in Gas Treating Amine Solutions
Versus Hydrogen Partial Pressure
0.90
Hydrogen solubility in 20 wt. % MEA-water
solution at 144F
Hydrogen solubility in 60 wt. % DGA
agent-water solution at 180F
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
40
80
120
160
200
240
280
320
360
400
43
Physical Properties
Figure 33
Nitrogen Solubility in Aqueous 60 Wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Solution at 180F
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
40
80
120
160
200
240
280
44
320
360
400
Chemical Properties
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent undergoes reactions typical of
alcohols and amines. It is isomeric with diethanolamine;
however, it has certain structural differences that are
advantageous in some applications. For example,
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is a primary amine, whereas
diethanolamine is a secondary amine.
45
built into the tank about six inches above the floor. The
preferred, particularly when low color DIGLYCOLAMINE agent solution is important. If steam heat is to
Maintaining Specifications
Transfer Lines
ed because DIGLYCOLAMINE agent will leach conventional pipe dopes. U.S. Rubber 899 gasket material or
46
below 150F.
Pumps
Carbon steel rotary pumps can be used with DIGLYCOLAMINE agent, although a centrifugal pump is
47
48
49
Shipping Information
Delivery of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent can be made in
10,000 and 20,000-gallon tank cars. These cars are
constructed of welded carbon steel and have bottom
unloading fittings and steam coils.
Deliveries can also be made in insulated, stainless
steel, full or compartmented tank wagons with steam
coils. If requested, tank wagons can be equipped with
unloading pumps and hoses.
Drums of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent can be shipped in
truckload or less-than-truckload quantities. The net
weight of a drum is 480 pounds; the gross weight is
50
Bibliography
Gas Treating Applications
1.
Anon.: GPA Explores H2S Removal Methods, Oil & Gas Journal 7 76, No. 29, 66, 71-73 (1978).
2.
Barth, D., Tondre, C., and Delpuech, J. J.: Stopped-Flow Investigations of the Reaction Kinetics of Carbon
Dioxide With Some Primary and Secondary Alkanolamines in Aqueous Solutions, Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 18, No.
4, 445-457 (1986).
3.
Bucklin, Robert W.: DIGLYCOLAMINE (DGA) - A Workhorse for Gas Sweetening, Oil & Gas Journal 80, No.
45, 204, 208-210 (1982).
4.
Butwell, K. F., Kubek, D. J., and Sigmund, P. W.: Alkanolamine Treating, Hydrocarbon Process., Int. Ed., 61,
No.13, 108-116 (1982).
5.
Christensen, S. P., Christensen, J. J., and Izatt, R. M.: Enthalpies of Solution of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous
DIGLYCOLAMINE Solutions, Thermochim. Acta, 106, 241-251 (1986).
6.
Dillard, Kenneth H., Abernathy, Marshall W., and Weber, Fred S.: Desulfurization of Liquid Hydrocarbon
Streams, Belgian 893,286, May 24, 1982; C.A. 98(12):92300x.
7.
Dingman, J. C.: Gas Sweetening With DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent, presented at Third Iranian Congress of
Chemical Engineering, Pahlavi University, Shiraz, Iran, November 6-10, 1977.
8.
Dingman, J. C.: Dont Blame Hydrocarbon Solubility for Entrainment Problems in Amine Treating Systems,
presented at Annual AlChE Meeting, Miami Beach, Florida, November 2-7, 1986.
9.
Dingman, J. C., Jackson, J. L., Moore, T. F., and Branson, J. A.: Equilibrium Data for the Hydrogen SulfideCarbon Dioxide-DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent-Water System, Proceedings of Annual Convention - Gas Processors
Association, 62, 256-268 (1983).
10. Dingman, J. C., and Moore, T. F.: Compare DGA and MEA Sweetening Methods, Hydrocarbon Processing 47,
No. 7, 138-140 (1968).
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1972; C.A. 83 100645w.
51
Bibliography
12. Freireich, E., and Tennyson, R. N.: Process Improves Acid-Gas Removal, Trims Costs, and Reduces Effluents,
Oil & Gas Journal 74, No. 34, 130-132 (1976).
13. Goar, B. Gene: Todays Gas-Treating Processes-1, Oil & Gas Journal 69, No. 28, 77-79 (1971).
14. Griffith, T. E.: Gas Sweetening in Field Operations, Gas 46, No. 5, 77-79 (1970).
15. Harbison, J. L., and Dingman, J. C.: Mercaptan Removal Experiences in DGA Sweetening of Low Pressure Gas,
Gas Conditioning Conference at the University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 1972; C.A. 83 82356w.
16. Hikita, H., Asai, S., Ishikawa, H., and Honda, M.: The Kinetics of Reactions of Carbon Dioxide With
Monoisopropanolamine, DIGLYCOLAMINE, and Ethylenediamine by a Rapid Mixing Method, The Chem. Eng.
J. 14, 27-30 (1977).
17. Hikita, H., Ishikawa, H., Murakami, T., and Ishii, T.: Densities, Viscosities, and Amine Diffusivities of Aqueous
MIPA, DIPA, DGA, and EDA Solutions, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 14, No. 5, 411-413 (1981).
18. Holder, Howard L.: DIGLYCOLAMINEA Promising New Acid Gas Remover, Oil & Gas Journal 64, No.18, 8386 (1966).
19. Huval, M., and Van de Venne, H., Gas Sweetening in Saudi Arabia in Large DGA Plants, presented at the
March 2-4, 1981, Gas Conditioning Conference at the University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma.
20. Kohl, Arthur L., and Riesenfeld, Fred C.: Gas Purification, 2nd Ed., Gulf Publishing Co., Houston (1974).
21. Maddox, Robert N., Mains, Gilbert J., and Rahman, Mahmud A.: Reactions of Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen
Sulfide With Some Alkanolamines, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 26, No. 1, 27-31 (1987).
22. Martin, Joel L., Frederick, D. Otto, and Mather, Alan E.: Solubility of Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Dioxide in a
DIGLYCOLAMINE Solution, Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 23, No. 2, 163-164 (1978).
23. Mason, J. R., and Griffith, T. E.: MEA-DGA Switch Saves Steam, Oil & Gas Journal 67, No. 23, 67-69 (1969).
24. McClure, George: Removal of Carbon Oxide Sulfide From Liquid Propane, German Offen. 3,034,386, April 22,
1982; C.A. 97(4):26226f.
52
Physical Properties
25. McClure, George, and Morrow, David C.: Amine Process Removes COS From Propane Economically: Oil &
Gas Journal 77, No. 27, 106-108 (1979).
26. Moore, T. F., Dingman, J. C., and Johnson, F. L. Jr.: A Review of Current DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Gas Treating
Applications, Environ. Prog. 3, No. 3, 207-212 (1984).
27. Peterey, Ernst Q. Jr., and Breland, Clinton D.: Method and Composition for Fluid Treatment, U.S. 3,923,954,
December 2, 1975; C.A. 84 108273q.
28. Seubert, M. K., and Wallace, G. D. Jr.: Corrosion in DGA Gas Treating Plants, presented at NACE Corrosion
85 Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, March 25-29, 1985.
29. Tennyson, R. N., and Schaaf, R. P.: Guidelines Can Help Choose Proper Process for Gas Treating Plants, Oil &
Gas Journal 75, No. 2, 78-80, 85-86 (1977).
30. Tonis, Joannes G., and Pienon, Adrianus P.; Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij N.V.: Washing of Acid
Components From Hydrocarbon Gas Streams, British 1,153,786, May 29, 1969; C.A. 71 32096t.
31. Valdez, Antonio R.; Fluor Corp.: Separation of Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Moisture From Gaseous
Hydrocarbons, German Offen. 2,451,958, April 30,1975; C.A. 83 118410a.
32. Weber, Steve, and McClure, George: New Amine Process for FCC Desulfurizes Light Liquid Streams, Oil &
Gas Journal 79, No. 23, 160-161, 163 (1981).
33. Yeakey, Ernest L., and Moss, P. H.; Jefferson Chemical Co., Inc.: Purifying Gases Containing Acid Impurities
Using Stabilized 2-(2-Aminoethoxy) Ethanol, U.S. 3,891,742, June 24, 1975; C.A. 83 166759t.
34. Yeakey, Ernest L., and Moss, P. H.; Jefferson Chemical Co., Inc.: Stabilized 2-(2-Aminoethoxy) Ethanol, U.S.
3,829,494, August 13, 1974; C.A. 81 104738k.
35. Williams, W. W.: Treatment of Gas Plant Liquids With DIGLYCOLAMINE, Gas Conditioning Conference at the
University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 1973; C.A. 81 123945s.
53
Bibliography
Other Applications
36. Basila, Michael R., and Pate, Alfred R. Jr.; Nalco Chemical Co.: Extraction of Aromatic Hydrocarbons From
Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Using DIGLYCOLAMINE, S. African 6,905,875, February 26, 1970; C.A. 73
79200d. Corresponds to U.S. 3,583,906 and 3,733,262.
37. Brummet, Berthel D., and Sadler, Fred D.: Heat Stabilized Paper for Electrical Insulation, Belgian 667,396,
November 16, 1965; C.A. 65 9164b. Corresponds to U.S. 3,403,968 and British 1,060,706.
38. Cooper, Joseph, and Corbett, William J.; W. R. Grace and Co.: Paint Stripping Compounds, U.S. 3,417,025,
December 17, 1968; C.A. 70 38971a.
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Mixed Solvents, Belgian 670,244, January 19, 1966; C.A. 65 120499. Corresponds to U.S. 3,366,568 and
3,415,739.
40. Frei, Alfred, and Schweizer, August; Sandoz Ltd.: Stabilized Diazo Dye, German Offen. 1,929,418, May 21,
1970; C.A. 73 57161q.
41. Globus, Alfred R.: Stabilization of Ethanol-Gasoline Mixtures, U.S. 4,328,004, May 4, 1982; C.A.
97(4):26197x.
42. Jones, W. T., and Payne, Vic: New Solvent to Extract Aromatics, Hydrocarbon Processing 52, No. 3, 91-92
(1973); C.A. 79 7600k.
43. Markiewitz, Kenneth H.; Atlas Chemical Ind., Inc.: Urea Compounds for Treating Cellulosic Textiles, German
Offen. 2,058,317, June 3, 1971; C.A. 75 130747h. Corresponds to U.S. 3,763,106 and British 1,305,136.
44. Matsui, Takeshi, and Yashida, Shigeaki; Ricoh Co., Ltd.: Amine Developers for Diazo Copying Papers,
Japanese 74 20,980, May 29, 1974; C.A. 82 105195p.
45. Murphy, Donald P.; Oxy Metal Ind. Corp.: Amine Stripping Compounds, U.S. 3,972,839, August 3, 1976; C.A.
85 144882S.
46. Murphy, Donald P.; Societe Continentale Parker: Composition for Removing Organic Coatings From
Substrates, French 2,019,526, July 3, 1970; C.A. 74 143414b. Corresponds to U .S. 3,671,465.
54
Physical Properties
47. Neuman, Henry J.: Amine-Type Developer for Diazo Materials, U.S. 3,809,560, May 7, 1974; C.A. 81 56643b.
48. Pyrene Co. Ltd.: Composition and Process for Stripping Paint, British, 1,229,779, June 29, 1972; C.A. 78
31560x.
49. Sadler, Fred Speer, and Heinrichs, Frank Wheddon; McGraw-Edison Co.: Impregnating Cellulosic Fibers,
French 2,122,153, September 29, 1972; C.A. 78 112952d. Corresponds to U.S. 3,736,178 and British
1,342,947.
50. Shibe, William J.; R. M. Hollingshead Corp.: Polyamide Ester Hydraulic Fluids, U.S. 3,341,543, September 12,
1967; C.A. 67 109252t.
51. Standard Oil Co.: Lubricants for Metal Machining, Neth. 65 03,934, September 28, 1965; C.A. 64 7957g.
Corresponds to U.S. 3,298,954 and British 1,109,304.
52. Vander Aue, John P.; Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co.: Polyurethanes, German Offen. 2,259,955, June 20,
1973; C.A. 79 80091. Corresponds to British 1,365,567.
53. Yashida, Shigeaki, and Matsui, Takeshi; Ricoh Co. Ltd.: Developer Powder for Binary, Light Sensitive Diazo
Papers, German Offen. 2,126,160, January 27, 1972; C.A. 76 134168p. Corresponds to British 1,357,135.
Toxicity
54. Smyth, H. F. Jr., Carpenter, C. P., and Weil, C. S.: AMA Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 4 119 (1951).
55
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