Difference between ASIS/ASI6, 85304, 88316, SS321 ‘Ans. A°SI5: This Materia has couse grain structure, it is used for Intermediate and high temp. services, High Creep strength [A'S16 This Material has fine grain structure, It suse for Low temperature services, requiring improved notch toughness, Internal energy is high. ‘$8 304 : Good resistance to corrosive and atmospheric conditions, C-0.08, C18, Nig ‘SS 3041 : Fura Low carbon Minimizes cabide precipitation during welding. (003, C18, NiF8 ‘88 316 Higher Corrosion and Pitting resistance then $8304 and higher strength at elevated temp. C=0.08, Cr-16, Ni-12, Mo=2.0 ‘SS 3161: Extra Low carbon Minimizes carbide precipitation during welding (©0003, C16, NiF12, Mo=20. ‘88.321: High Resistance to Inter granular corrosion (itanium additonal}, No (Carbide Precipitation, To be used for highly comosion services. C18, ‘Ni-l0, Ti(edltiona). 2 Formulas for ShellHead Design. ‘Ans. Shell: T= PRISE-0.6P) Head : T'» PDKI@SE-02P) 3. Whatis MAWP as per ASME See. VIILDiv. 1. ‘Ans, ‘The Maximum gauge pressure permissible a the top of a completed vessel in its normal operating postion atthe designated coincident temperature for that pressure. This pressure isthe lest ofthe values forthe ineral or external pressure tobe determined by the rules of ASME SEC-VIN div-l for any ofthe Pressure boundary part, including the static head thereon, using nominal lBickness exclusive of comosion allowance and considering the effets of any combination of foadings listed in UG-2 which are likely 10 occur at the designated temperature. 4. Hydro test Pressure as per ASME Sec. VIII Div.t and Clause. ‘Ans. "As per UG.99(), Hydro test Pressure = 1.3 x Design Presaure (c Max, sess ratio of different material). 5. Type of Reinforcement for Nozzles ‘Ans: Reinforcement Pad and Self enforce nozale, generally reinforcement pad to be used, but some times the space for pads insufficient than selPreinforced pazales can be used. 6. UG-45 Requirements Ans: "Steps for nozzle neck design: ‘A. Calculate the minimum wall hickness ftom the applicable loading in UG-22 plusC.A. 'B. Calculate the thickness of Shell or head where nozzle o be attached for intema/exteral pressure considering joint efficiency 21.0 and take the higher value of them.1 Ans: - Take the minimum thickness of standard wall pipe x 0.875(-12.5%) + CA. ‘ake the smaller value of step B and C above. ‘ke the larger value of step A and D. Select the pipe schedule based on above calculated thickness equivalent or higher thickness. zme oo Special Requirement for Vessels in Lethal Service (PWHT/RT) & PWHT is Compulsory required for all earbon steel material for Lethal Service| ‘ For Lethal Service Category A and B weld joints shall be Burt-welded and 100% radiographic. ‘4 Category C joint shall be but-velded (Only Weld neck flanges, No slip-on flanges) shall be used and 100% radiography required. © Category D (Nozzle Pipe to Shelv#ead) weld join shal be fll Penctation welded 9. Difference between Type I and Type? weld Joints Type I: Butt welding both side (Out and in side) ‘Burt welding single side with backing strip ‘Type 3: Butt welding single side without backing stip ‘Type 4: Double full fillet lp joint ‘Type $: Single ful fillet with pug fap joint ‘Type 6: Single ful filet without pug lap join. 10. PWHT requirement. For AS16 material with holding temperature ‘Ans: ‘UCS-S6, PWHT is mandatory for welded joints over 38mm nominal thickness Procedure of PWHT ‘® The temperature of furmace shal be Sand 53. Nozzle shouldbe 90° intersection ‘Where, DN=Noze diameter, DV= Vessel diameter and TV “thickness of vessel, 19, Storage Tank codes handled, Formula for Design (I feet Method) ‘Ans. + API650 & API-620, Formula for I feet Method (higher thickness of following to be considered): SDHA)G)/ SHCA. b= GOOEY Where, tu design shell thickness, inch y= hydrostatic test shell thickness, inch HL design liquid eve, feet = design specific gravity of liquid as specified by purchaser CA= corrosion allowance, inch ‘¢=allowable stress forthe design condition, Psi allowable stress fr the hydrostiic condition, Pi 21, Allowable stresses as per API 6S0 ‘Ans.: Maximum allowable Design stresses Sd should be lower value of following: 1. 28 of yield stength 2. 25 of tensile strengthoS ‘Maximum allowable hydrosai stresses St should be lower value of following 1. 34 of yield strength 2. 307 of tensile strength 22, What is Appendix E and F of API 6502 ‘Ans. Appendix E = Seismie Design of Storage Tanks Appendix F = Design of Tanks for Small Interal Pressures, 1, Head (Dished End): A Ans: B Ans © Ans: ‘Ans: What are the type of heads? 6-100% Torisphercal, Flipsidel, Hemispherical, Conca, Flat Heads, Category of welding in head Category A Category of welding for head to shell joint Hemisphericel hesd = Category A, llipsoial and Torispbercal head = Category B. What is forming allowance? During the Spinning (forming) of the heads, thinning out of th plate occurs a the comer radius, therefore for heads having an OD of under 3810mm(150 inc), plate thickness must be inereased by 1.6mm for plates upto 25mm th and 3mm fr plates 25 to SOmm to maintain the required dosign thickness at knuckle and that thickness increment seal forming allowance, Difference between Torispherieal snd Elipsoidal Heads (As per Brownell & Young) ‘Torispherical Head : This type of head canbe use forthe pressure up 10 200 Ps. llpsoidal Head: This typeof head can be sed fr the pressure above 200 Psi ‘What isthe min, knuckle radius for Torispheriel head as per code? + Wo inside dismeter of head ‘Which type of Bliptical heads are more used in industries? Why? + 2: Elliptical. The strength ofthe head is approximately equal othe ‘stength ofa seamless cylindrical shell having the corresponding inside and outside 30°) : ¢=PD/ [cose (SE-067)) (Without iransiton knuckle) (vi). Torconicl Heads and Sections (Kouekle radius = Higher value of 6% of skit OD or 3 times th.) Conical Porton Thickness: ‘Kruckle Porton thickness: ecu) B+ (L197) Tortconical heads may be used for angie a < 30" and itis mandatory for conical heads when the angle a> 37 unless the special analysis are carried ‘out according to I-5() ‘What is the knuckle and crown Radius for Eliptical and tovispherical heads? ‘Torispherieal: eater value of 6% (min)of erown radius or 3 mes of thickness Crown Radius Out side diameter of Head Skin.R. Design Procedure for Heads for Uaternal pressure (UG-33) ‘Steps for Elipsoidal & Torispheri For Ellipsoidal and Torispherical, ‘heads the required thickness stall be the greater of following A and B A Caleutat the head thickness using the formula of internal pressure (UG- 32) considering the design pressure =1.67 x intemal design pressure + ‘atic heads and Joint efficiency E~ 1,0, Calenlate the head thickness by following S steps: 1. Assume a value for (canbe taken the thickness of stp 1) and calenlate the value of factor A using the following formal: 125), Where, Ry = KeDe for Ellipoidal R, = Outside radius ofthe erown portion ofthe head, for Torispherical K, ~ Factor depending onthe ellipsoidal head proportion Dg2hs (As per table UG-33.1). D,~ Outside diameter ofthe head skie, bh = Depth of Flipside head (from TL). 2. Using the Value of A find out the Value ofB for the applicsble ‘material char fom Section Il Part. the value at A fall 10 right ofthe end ofthe materattemp. line, assume an intersection withthe harizonal projection ofthe upper end ofthe mathemp. line. For Value A falling fo the lel of malemp, ine calculate the Pa(Maximua allowable exernal working pressure). a er step 3. 3. Using the VslueB calculate the value ofthe maximum allowable external working pressure Pa using the following formule Pa=B/ (RJ) 4, For Values ofA falling tothe lef ofthe applicable mavtemp, ine, the value of Pa can be calculated using the following formule: Pa= 0.06256 (Ry)? 5. Compare Pa with P.Ipa is smaller than P increase the thikess and repeat the above steps (procedure) until the Pa equals or greater than P. ‘Steps for Hemispherical Heads: The same procedure as mentioned in above ‘stop B of elipsoidattorispherical head. Only the value of Ro= Out side radius of spherical head, ‘Steps for Conial Heads and Sections: The procedure to calculate the required thickness of conical head or section fr exteral pressure a follows 1, When otis equal to o ess than 60% (2) Cones having Dy /t values >=10 (where, Dy. = O.D. at large end of conical section, t= effective thickness af conical section = cos 1, = min. req. thk of head(cone) ater forming, o= half apex angle cof coneie Step 1 Step 2 Step3. Step 4. Steps. Step 6 2 ‘Assume a value oft and calculate the ratios of LD and Dt. (Le-equivatent length of conical section = (L22\(1+DyD,), D.=OD of small end of cons) Determine the value of factor A ftom the Fig. G of Section It Part D considering [yD value equivalent to LiDg( If the value of ratio L/D, > 50 then consider ites $0) and Dy, value ‘equivalent to Dit. Using the value of A, determine the value B from the applicable material char from Section I! Part. Ifthe value at A falls 0 right ofthe end ofthe materialiemp, line, assume an intersection withthe horlzontl projection of ‘the upper end ofthe matlemp. line. Far Value A felling to the left of maviemp. line calculate the Pa(Meximim allowable ‘external working pressure). at per step 5. Using the value of B, Caleulate the value of maximum allowable extemal working. pressure Pa using following formula: Pa= 4B/3(D1/%) For values of A falling tothe Jet ofthe applicable mattemp, line, The value Pa can be ealeulated using the following formula Pa= 2AE/HD1/t)) Compare the value of Pa with P, if Pa

10 oF not. (A) If the value of Dovt >10, find out the factor A ftom the chart Fig. G, Section I-D) based on L/Do an Dot values, (5) Based on factor A, find out the value of B from materialtempersture chart for required material) forgiven design temperature, Ps (©) Using this value B, calculate the value of the maximum allowable external ‘working pressure Pa, by the formula: Pa 4B /[3(doh)), (7) Compare the value Pa with P, ifthe Pa

Joint Efficiency but not less then 0.8 {= Nominal thickness. C=C Find out the temperature fom chart 66.1 using above ratio Step-6: Reduce the temperature ealeulated by Step-5 ffom MDMT calculated by Ucs-66. MDMT(New) = MDMT(UCS-66-Step-4)- Temp (Caled by UCS-66.1-Step-5) 12, Definition of MDMT (Mean Design Metal Temperature) A “The lowest temperature to which the vessel is exposed ding sevice 13. What are the allowable tolerances for plates and pipes as per ASME Sec-VIIL-1? ‘Ans. Plate can be under tolerance up to smaller of 0.01"thk. or 6% ofexdred thickness Pipe canbe under tolerance up to 12.5%0.875) of nominal thickness. 14, PWHT requirement for she Ans: PWHT requirement(Page No:2 15. Lethal Service requirement ‘Ans: Lethal Serves 2)21 3. Nozzle & Reinforcement: o1 o. Ans. 4s. Ans 0, Ans. os. as. Clause No & Steps for Nozzle neck Design? Clause No : UG 45, Steps: UG-45 Reauirements ‘Type of welding attachment of nozzle to shelV/head wall? (1) Insert @) Abuiting Category of welding for nozzle to head/shell? Category D Category of welding of nozzle pipe to ange? Category C Standards for nozzle flanges? ANSIB165 for flanges up 1024" ‘ANSIB-16 47 for flanges above 24”