ISSN : 2348-0033 (Online) ISSN : 2249-4944 (Print)

IJEAR Vol. 4, Issue 1, Jan - June 2014

A Comparative Analysis of Self-Acceptance and Mental

Health in Basketball Players
1

Dr. Gurmej Singh Dhaliwal, 1Dr. Baljinder Singh Bal, 3Dr. Pritam Singh, 4Davinder Singh
Dept. of Physical Education & Sports, NIT, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
Dept. of Physical Education, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
3
Dept. of Physical Education, S.N. College, Banga, Punjab, India
1

1-4

Abstract
The researchers of this study aims to know about the role of
self-acceptance and mental health in performance of basketball
players. For this purpose, the investigators had selected Fifty
(N=50) male Basketball players of 20 to 25 years of age to act as
subjects. They were divided into five different playing position in
basketball players; (i.e., N1=10; Point Guard, N2=10; Shooting
Guard, N3=10 Small Forward, N4=10 Power Forward and N5=10
Center). The purposive sampling technique was used to select
the subjects. All the subjects, after having been informed about
the objective and protocol of the study, gave their consent and
volunteered to participate in this study. One Way Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA) was employed to compare the different
playing position in basketball players. Where F values were
found significant, LSD (Least Significant Difference) Post-hoc test
was applied to find out the direction and degree of difference. For
testing the hypotheses, the level of significance was set at 0.05.
The results revealed insignificant differences have been noticed
among playing position of basketball players on the variable SelfAcceptance. Insignificant differences have been observed among
playing position of basketball players on the sub-variable of mental
health i.e., Emotional Stability, Overall Adjustment, Autonomy,
Security-insecurity, Self-Concept and Intelligence.
Keywords
Self-Acceptance, Mental Health, Basketball Players
I. Introduction
The positive role that physical exercise can play in the prevention
and treatment of a range of medical conditions has received a
great deal of attention over recent years, with numerous high
prole reports supporting the popular message that exercise is
good for you.( Royal College of Physicians, 1991; Allied Dunbar
National Fitness Survey, 1992). In addition, research has identied
the long term protection that regular exercise affords against a
plethora of somatic complaints, including coronary heart disease,
hypertension, a number of cancers, diabetes, and osteoporosis.
Numerous studies and a series of reviews confirm that physical
activity in various forms can provide valued mental and
physical health benefits for people experiencing a range of mental
health problems (e.g., Saxena, Van Ommeren, Tang, & Armstrong,
2005; Stathopolou, Powers, Berry, Smits, & Otto,2006).
Self-acceptance is an attitude or relationship in which an
individual feels a sense of personal worth an individuals sense
of full reconciliation with or acceptance of his own worth. Selfacceptance is the sense of personal worth and satisfaction with oneself, and is appraised in terms of the quantitative scores obtained
on his attribute. Stephen covey wrote, We are not feelings. The
very fact that we can think about these things separates us from
them and from the animal worlds. Self-awareness enables us to
stand apart and examine even the way we see ourselves the most
fundamental paradigm of effectiveness.

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International Journal of Education and applied research

A series of studies conducted with Olympic athletes and coaches

(Greenleaf, Gould, & Dieffenbach, 2001; Gould et al, 2002a;
Gould, Greenleaf, Guinan & Chung, 2002b) revealed a range of
psychological factors associated with elite sport and successful
performance. For example, Greenleaf and colleagues (2001)
interviewed sport performers who participated in Olympic
Games; their findings revealed top level performance was linked
to psycho-social factors. Psychological factors included athlete
self-confidence, focus on fun, and positive attitude, whereas
social factors included social support, coach inter-personal trust
and team unity. Whilst these were viewed as positive factors,
negative factors to performance were also uncovered including
coach conflict, negative team atmosphere, poor interaction with
teammates, lack of support, and money concerns.
Mental health is a great deal more than mere absence from mental
illness or realization of self formed values. It implies a degree
of maturity of mind and emotional development proportional to
an individuals chronological age and related to his social and
emotional background. Mental health calls for integration of
personality and it signifies judgment freed from distortion due to
emotional pressure and secondly consciousness freed from the
obsession of the self. Positive Mental Health can be achieved if the
following conditions are kept in view; good Physical Health, selfacceptance, accepting other people, a confidential relationship,
an active attitude, social participation, satisfying work, creative
experiences and scientific approach. The term mental health has
been defined by different authors and psychologists in different
ways.
A. Selection of Subjects
For this purpose, the investigators had selected Fifty (N=50) male
Basketball players of 20 to 25 years of age to act as subjects. They
were divided into five different playing position in basketball
players; (i.e., N1=10; Point Guard, N2=10; Shooting Guard, N3=10
Small Forward, N4=10 Power Forward and N5=10 Center). The
purposive sampling technique was used to select the subjects.
All the subjects, after having been informed about the objective
and protocol of the study, gave their consent and volunteered to
participate in this study.
A break-up of selected sample
Sr. No

Different Playing Position

Point Guard
Shooting Guard
Small Forward
Power Forward
Center

Sample
10
10
10
10
10
N= 50

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IJEAR Vol. 4, Issue 1, Jan - June 2014

ISSN : 2348-0033 (Online) ISSN : 2249-4944 (Print)

B. Selection of Tools
Sr.no
1.
2.

Tools
Self-Acceptance
Mental Health

Authors
S.B. Kakkar
Singh and Gupta

Year
1984
2000

Within
Groups
Total

610.600

45

718.880

49

13.569

*Significant at 0.05

F0.05 (4, 45)

C. Statistical Techniques Employed

One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to
compare the different playing position in basketball players.
Where F values were found significant, LSD (Least Significant
Difference) Post-hoc test was applied to find out the direction
and degree of difference. For testing the hypotheses, the level of
significance was set at 0.05.

The results depicted in table 3 that insignicant differences have

been found with regard to the sub-parameter overall adjustment
among point guard, shooting guard, small forward, power forward
and center male basketball players as the P-value (Sig.) .111 was
found higher than the 0.05 level of significance (P>0.05). Since
F-value was found insignificant, therefore, there is no need to
apply post hoc test.

Results
Table 1: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results among Point
Guard, Shooting Guard, Small Forward, Power Forward and
Center players with regard to the parameter Self-Acceptance

Table 4: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results among Point

Guard, Shooting Guard, Small Forward, Power Forward and
Center players with regard to the sub-parameter Autonomy

Source of
Sum of
variance
Squares
Between
10.720
Groups
Within Groups 282.800
Total
293.520
*Significant at 0.05

df

Mean
Square

F-ratio

Sig.

2.680

.426

.789

45
49

6.284
F0.05 (4, 45)

Source of
Sum of
df Mean Square F-ratio Sig.
variance
Squares
Between
9.920
4
2.480
.888
.479
Groups
Within
125.700 45 2.793
Groups
Total
135.620 49
*Significant at 0.05
F0.05 (4, 45)

The results depicted in Table 1 that insignicant differences have

been found with regard to the parameter self-acceptance among
point guard, shooting guard, small forward, power forward and
center male basketball players as the P-value (Sig.) .789 was
found higher than the 0.05 level of significance (P>0.05). Since
F-value was found insignificant, therefore, there is no need to
apply post hoc test.

The results depicted in Table 4 that insignicant differences have

been found with regard to the sub-parameter autonomy among
point guard, shooting guard, small forward, power forward and
center male basketball players as the P-value (Sig.) .479 was
found higher than the 0.05 level of significance (P>0.05). Since
F-value was found insignificant, therefore, there is no need to
apply post hoc test.

Table 2: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results among Point

Guard, Shooting Guard, Small Forward, Power Forward and Center
players with regard to the sub-parameter Emotional Stability

Table 5: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results among Point

Guard, Shooting Guard, Small Forward, Power Forward and Center
players with regard to the sub-parameter Security-insecurity

Source of
variance
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
*Significant at 0.05

Source of
Sum of
Mean
df
F-ratio Sig.
variance
Squares
Square
Between
8.920
4
2.230
1.413
.245
Groups
Within Groups 71.000
45 1.578
Total
79.920
49
*Significant at 0.05
F0.05 (4, 45)

Sum of
df
Squares
5.400
4
188.600 45
194.000 49

Mean
Square
1.350
4.191

F-ratio Sig.
.322

.862

F0.05 (4, 45)

The results depicted in Table 2 that insignicant differences have

been found with regard to the sub-parameter emotional stability
among point guard, shooting guard, small forward, power forward
and center male basketball players as the P-value (Sig.) .862 was
found higher than the 0.05 level of significance (P>0.05). Since
F-value was found insignificant, therefore, there is no need to
apply post hoc test.
Table 3: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Results Among Point
Guard, Shooting Guard, Small Forward, Power Forward and Center
players with regard to the sub-parameter Overall Adjustment
Source of
variance
Between
Groups
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Sum of
Squares

df

Mean
Square

F-ratio

Sig.

108.280

27.070

1.995

.111

The results depicted in table 5 that insignicant differences have

been found with regard to the sub-parameter security-insecurity
among point guard, shooting guard, small forward, power forward
and center male basketball players as the P-value (Sig.) .245 was
found higher than the 0.05 level of significance (P>0.05). Since
F-value was found insignificant, therefore, there is no need to
apply post hoc test.
Table 6: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results among Point
Guard, Shooting Guard, Small Forward, Power Forward and
Center players with regard to the sub-parameter Self-Concept
Source of
variance
Between
Groups

Sum of
Squares

df

Mean
Square

F-ratio

Sig.

16.080

4.020

.889

.479

International Journal of Education and applied research

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ISSN : 2348-0033 (Online) ISSN : 2249-4944 (Print)

IJEAR Vol. 4, Issue 1, Jan - June 2014

Within
Groups
Total

203.600

45

219.680

49

4.524

*Significant at 0.05

F0.05 (4, 45)

The results depicted in Table 6 that insignicant differences have

been found with regard to the sub-parameter self-concept among
point guard, shooting guard, small forward, power forward and
center male basketball players as the P-value (Sig.) .479 was
found higher than the 0.05 level of significance (P>0.05). Since
F-value was found insignificant, therefore, there is no need to
apply post hoc test.
Table 7: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results among Point
Guard, Shooting Guard, Small Forward, Power Forward and
Center players with regard to the sub-parameter Intelligence
Sum of
df
Squares
Between Groups
47.480 4
Within Groups
885.000 45
Total
932.480 49
*Significant at 0.05
Source of variance

Mean
Square
11.870
19.667

F-ratio Sig.
.604

.662

F0.05 (4, 45)

The results depicted in table 7 that insignicant differences have

been found with regard to the sub-parameter intelligence among
point guard, shooting guard, small forward, power forward and
center male basketball players as the P-value (Sig.) .662 was
found higher than the 0.05 level of significance (P>0.05). Since
F-value was found insignificant, therefore, there is no need to
apply post hoc test.
Table 8: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results among Point
Guard, Shooting Guard, Small Forward, Power Forward and Center
players with regard to the parameter Overall Mental Health
Source of
Sum of
variance
Squares
Between Groups 556.600
Within Groups
2941.400
Total
3498.000
*Significant at 0.05

df
4
45
49

Mean
Square
139.150
65.364

F-ratio Sig.
2.129

.093

F0.05 (4, 45)

The results depicted in table 8 that insignicant differences have

been found with regard to the parameter overall mental health
among point guard, shooting guard, small forward, power forward
and center male basketball players as the P-value (Sig.) .093 was
found higher than the 0.05 level of significance (P>0.05). Since
F-value was found insignificant, therefore, there is no need to
apply post hoc test.
II. Discussion of Results
The present study has highlighted the significance of differences
with regard to self-acceptance and mental health among basketball
players from different playing position. A perusal at Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA) tables 1 with regard to self-acceptance of
basketball players revealed that insignicant differences have
been found with regard to the parameter self-acceptance among
point guard, shooting guard, small forward, power forward and
center male basketball players as the P-value (Sig.) .789 was found
higher than the 0.05 level of significance (P>0.05). A perusal at

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International Journal of Education and applied research

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tables 2-8 with regard to mental

health of basketball players revealed insignificant differences
among different playing position of basketball on the sub-variable
of mental health i.e., Emotional Stability, Overall Adjustment,
Autonomy, Security-insecurity, Self-Concept and Intelligence.
These results are in contradictory with the study conducted by
Nangia and Sengar (1989) found significant differences between
the sportsmen and sportswomen on the variable adjustment and
reported that sportsmen demonstrated better adjustment than
sportswomen. Kaur (1992) also reported that male athletes were
significantly better than the female athletes on health, social,
emotional, educational and overall adjustment. Paul (2006) in
his study found that boys had better mental health than their
counterpart girls.
III. Conclusions of the Study
Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusions
were drawn:
1. It is concluded from the above findings that insignificant
differences among playing position of basketball players on
the variable Self-Acceptance.
2. Insignificant differences have been observed among playing
position of basketball players on the sub-variable of mental
health i.e., Emotional Stability, Overall Adjustment, Autonomy,
Security-insecurity, Self-Concept and Intelligence.
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[4] Dureja, Gaurav, Singh, Dalwinder, Singh Jaspal,"SelfAcceptance and Locus of Control among University Level
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[5] Gould, D., Dieffenbach, K., Moffett, A.,"Psychological
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IJEAR Vol. 4, Issue 1, Jan - June 2014

1962.
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