1

As =

=0

As =

1
( Q ) d ( v ) = Q v d = Q v
2
0

1
1
1
(
)
p

+
p

ds
+
P

+
M i i +

t
n
i i

2s
2 i
2 i

1
1
Coi coi + Cui cui

2 i
2 i

As =

1
P s + C c)
(

P s ( p + p )ds + P + M
t

Cc C
i

c + Cui cui .

oi oi

2/31

 ( )

A =

1
P
2

Au =

1
2

(N +T

+ M ) ds

3/31

 ( )

A =

1
P
2

Au =

1
2

(N +T

+ M ) ds

AS = Au

P s + C c = ( M + N + T ) ds
T

4/31

 ()


:
p% n , p% t , P%i , M% i

C% oi , C% ui , N% , T% , M%

pn, pt Pi
Mi Coi Cui N, T, M

.

:
%%, %% , %%T , c%%oi , c%%ui

%% , %%, %%

, , T,,
coi cui ,
.
1

6/31

P% s%% + C% c%% = (M% %% + N% %% + T%%%

)ds

P s + C c = (M + N + T

)ds

7/31

P s + C c = (M + N + T

)ds

P s + C c = 0

( ) ,
.

Ps = 0
1

8/31

P% s%% + C% c%% = (M% %% + N% %% + T%%%

)ds

)ds

P s + C c = (M + N + T
s

9/31



Pm , m = 1, 2K k ; ci

M
EI

Pn , n = 1, 2K l ; ci

Pm , m = 1, 2K k ;

M
EI

N
EF

N
EF

Ci , M , T , N ,

T = k

T
GF

Ci , M , T , N ,

T = k

T
GF

Ci , M , T , N

, , ;

ci ,

10/31

P + C c = (M + N + T
m

)ds

MM NN
TT
P

+
C
c
=
+
+
k
m m i i EI EF GF ds
s

P + C c = (M + N + T
n

)ds

MM NN
TT
P

+
C
c
=
+
+
k
n n i i EI EF GF ds
s

P + C c = P + C c
m

11/31


Betti-

P + C c = P + C c
m

: Pm
ci Pn ci,
Pm Ci
Pn Ci
.

12/31


Maxwell-

P + C c = P + C c
m

Pm P1 = 1

Pn P2 = 1

Pn = P2 = 1 m = 12

1 12 = 1 21

Pm = P1 = 1 n = 21

12 = 21

P1 P2, P1
P2 P2 P2
P1.
1

13/31


Maxwell-
P1
P2 P2
P1.

12 = 21

Pm m + Ci ci = Pn n + Ci ci
1

P1 12 = P2 21

12
P2

21
P1

14/31