Lesson 7-Workmanship for Hull Building(1)

It is really fascinating to gaze at a colossal ship standing high on a slipway or sailing

fast at the blue sea, and you will be still more excited if you are offered a chance to pay a
visit to the wonderful labyrinth inside a ship. Indeed, a ship, to the mind of a naval
architect, is a true work of art.
But few of the ordinary people have any idea about the workmanship for hull building.
One might be surprised to learn that, the construction of "a floating little town" with such
complicated . hull form and such complex hull structures, should start with the very paper
work.
To give you some brief introduction on the primary workmanship for hull building,
we would like to relate as follows:
1. Lofting
Lofting is the first workmanship for hull building, and will therefore influence the
quality of the following workmanship. And that's why high accuracy has to be obtained
during lofting.
Usually, lofting is conducted on a mould loft. There are two steps here. First, we must
work out a projection plane in the light of geometrical principles in proportions as 1 : 1, 1 :
5 or 1 : 10 in accordance with the given sizes indicated on drawings. Then, different sorts
of model plates, model rods and model cases as well as sketches are to be prepared as the
reference to material marking, processing and fabrication.
Besides, lofting can be made use of to make up the shortcomings of drawings, for it is
impossible to mark all the shapes of members on the drawings. Furthermore, no matter how
careful you are when drawing a lines plan, errors are inevitable in respect to hull cleanness
when the plan is magnified. In this case improvement will be made upon the plan by means
of lofting.
With regard to the methods of lines lofting, the advanced mathematical lofting is widely
used nowadays, which calibrates and provides lines offsets for a clean hull with the help of
an electronic computer.
2. Material Marking
The exact meaning of material marking is to draw an expansion of a certain hull
member after the lofting workmanship, and mark the member expansion on steel plate or
fashioned steel with the aid of model plates, model rods or sketches, with the symbols for
processing and fabrication marked out on it as well.
Various methods of material marking are available, but the most common ones for
material marking are those respectively by model plates, by sketches or by optics.
3. Processing of Hull Members
The workmanship for the processing of hull members may be classified into cold
processing and hot processing, and might as well be divided into edge processing and shape
processing according to the processing methods of members.
3.1 Calibration and Rust Removal for Steel Plates

Deformation will happen to steel plates and fashioned steel during their manufacture,
transportation and storage, especially after cutting. And deformed steel has to be calibrated
and planed before it comes to lofting and material marking. The calibration of steel is
normally executed by a roller machine.
In order to protect hull and minimize its corrosion, marine steel plates must go through
rust removal and primer painting. As usual, the workmanship is to be carried out first by
shot-blasting and then by primer painting. If the production efficiency is to be raised, an
automatic production line for steel plate pretreatment has got to be set.up.
3.2 Edge Processing for Hull Members
The workmanship for the edge processing of hull members includes edge cutting and
grooving (chamfering), or may be divided into a straight line edge processing and a curve
edge processing in virtue of the edge characteristics. The processing is practiced by a shear
machine, edger, acetylene cutter or a numerical control cutter.
3.3 Shape Processing
Cold or hot processing must, to obtain the required shape, be adopted for the hull
members with curves, such as shell platting, frames, beams and funnels and the like. To
attain the workmanship requirement, there should be no shortage of roller machines,
hydraulic machines, folding machines and bending machines as well as hot work.
New Words and Expressions
1. workmanship n.cng ngh
2. labyrinth n .m cung
3. naval architect k s ng tu
4. hull form hnh dng thn tu
5. lofting n.phng dng
6. accuracy n. chnh xc
7. mould loft sn phng dng
8. projection plane mt phng chiu
9. geometrical principle nguyn tc hnh hc
10. proportion n.t l
11. model plate dng tm
12. model rod dng thanh
13. model case dng hm
14. sketch n .tho
15.process n.cng ngh,qu trnh v. gia cng
16. fabrication n.gia cng
17. lines plan bn v ng hnh dng
18. error n .sai s
19. hull cleanness tnh trong sng (trn tru) ca thn tu
20. plan n.bn v
21. magnify v. phng i
22. lines lofting phng dng tuyn hnh
23. lines offsets bng ta tuyn hnh

24. material marking h liu.ly du vt liu

25. expansion n.bn v khai trin
26 . mark v . nh du
27. fashioned steel thp hnh
28. symbol n.k hiu
29. optics n.quang hc
30. cold processing gia cng ngui
31. hot processing gia cng nng
32. edge processing gia cng mp
33. shape processing gia cng hnh dng
34. calibration n .cn chnh
35. rust removal co g
36. deformation n .bin dng
37. cutting n ct
38. deform v bin dng
39. plane v. lm phng
40. roller machine my cun
41. corrosion n.s g mn
42. production efficiency hiu qu sn xut
43. an automatic production line dy chuyn sn xut t ng
44 steel plate pretreatment gia nhit thp tm
45. groove v. vt mp
46. chamfer v. vt mp,sng phanh
47. straight line ng thng
48. curve n.ng cong
49. shear machine n my ct
50. edger n .my ct mp
51. acetylene cutter my ct axtylen
52. numerical control cutter my ct iu khin s
53. funnel n .ng khi
54. hydraulic machine my thy lc
55. folding machine my b mp
56. bending machine my un
57. hot work vic gia cng nng,ha cng
Verb Phrases and Collocations
1. gaze at nhn chm chm
2. to the mind of theo ca
3. a work of art mt tc phm ngh thut
4. have an idea about c
5. be surprised to ngc nhin v
6. start with khi u vi
7. paper work cng vic giy t
8. in proportions as cn c theo

9. as the reference to lm cn c cho...

10. make use of c s dng
11. make up sa sang,t im
12. make improvement upon ci thin ...
13. with the aid of vi s h tr ca
14. be classified into c phn thnh
15. might as well khng c g tr ngi
16. happen to xy ra
17. go through i qua
18. set up thit lp
BI 7-CC BC CNG NGH TRONG NG TU (1)
Tht hp dn khi nhn thy con tu khng l ang ng trn trin cao hoc ang
chy nhanh trn bin xanh,v bn s cn b kch ng hn na khi c dp thm m
cung k diu bn trong mt con tu .Tht vy,mt con tu theo quan nim ca k s
ng tu l mt cng trnh ngh thut tht s.
Nhng rt t dn thng c mt tng v cc bc cng ngh trong ng
tu.Mt iu gy ngc nhin nhn thy l ,vic ch to mt thnh ph ni nh vi
nhng hnh dng v kt cu phc tp nh vy li bt u ngay bng cng vic giy t.
gii thiu ngn gn v cc bc cng ngh ch cht trong vic ng tu ,chng ti
mun gii thiu :
1-Phng dng
Phng dng l bc cng ngh u tin trong vic ng thn tu,v s c nh
hng ti cht lng ca nhng bc cng ngh tip theo.V chnh v th,v sao
phng dng phi i hi t chnh xc cao.Thng thng vic phng dng c
tin hnh trn sn phng dng.Ti y c hai bc.Trc ht,chng ta phi tho ra mt
chiu cnc theo cc nguyn tc hnh hc theo t l 1:1,1:5 hay 1:10 ty theo kch
thc ch trn bn v.Sau ,phi chun b cc loi dng phng,dng thanh hay
dng hm cng nh cc tho lm cn c cho h liu,gia cng v ch to.Ngoi ra
,phng dng cng c dng khc phc nhng thiu st ca bn v ,bi v khng
th ghi ch tt c cc hnh dng ca cc b phn ln cc bn v.Khi v bn v ng
hnh,d tac cn thn ti u i na cng khng th trnh khi sai s v mt trn
nhn ca thn tu khi phng i ra .Trong trng hp phi dng phng dng ci
thin bn v.Xt v cc phng php phng dng ,ngy nay phng php phng dng
ton hc tin tin ang c s dng rng ri ,phng php ny cn chnh v cung cp
bng ta ng hnh cho thn v trn nhn vi s gip sc ca my tnh in t
2-H liu Ngha chnh xc ca h liu l v khai trin mt c cu no ca thn
tu sau khi phng dng,v ly du khai trin c cu trn thp tm hay thp hnh
vi s tr gip ca dng tm,dng thanh hay tho cng nhng k hiu gia
cng v lp t.C nhiu phng php h liu khc nhau nhng phng php ph bin
nht h liu ln lt l dng tm dng ,dng tho hay dng quang hc
3.Gia cng cc kt cu thn tu.
Cng ngh gia cng cc kt cu thn tu c th phn thnh gia cng ngui v gia
cng nng v cng c th phn thnh gia cng mp v gia cng hnh dng ty theo
phng php gia cng.
3.1. Cn chnh v lm sch g thp tm .Trong khi ch to,vn chuyn v lu
kho,st tm v thp hnh c th b bin dng ,nht l sau khi ct.V thp bin dng phi

c cn chnh v lm phng li trc khi i phng dng v h liu.Vic cn chnh

thp thng c lm bng my cun. bo v thn tu v gim thiu g mn,cc
tm thp phi c lm sch g v sn lt.Thng thng,cng vic c tin hnh
trc ht l phun ht sau l sn lt.Nu hiu qu kinh t ca sn xut tng ln,ngi
ta phi t mt dy chuyn t ng gia nhit trc cho cc thp tm
3.2 Gia cng mp cc kt cu thn tu.Cng ngh gia cng mp cc c cu thn tu
bao gm vic ct mp v vt mp (sng phanh) hoc cng c th chia thnh ct thng
mp v ct cong tu theo ctnh ca mp.Vic gia cng c thc hin bng my
ct,my b mp,u ct axtylen,hay my ct s.
3.3 Gia cng hnh dng .Vi nhng c cu thn tu c ng cong nh tn
v,khung sn,x ngang v ng khi..., c c hnh dng yu cu ,phi c gia
cng ngui hay nng. t c nhng yu cu cng ngh,khng th thiu c my
cun,my thy lc,my b gp,my un cng nh vic gia cng nng.