INSTRUCTIONAL

OBJECTIVES

Instructional Objectives
To start teaching: teacher must be guided

by instructional objective, followed by

strategies and tools to accomplish the task,
and then evaluate the outcomes

Instructional Objectives
Objectives: desired outcomes of learning
Purpose:
Defining the intents of an educational plan
Helping teachers to plan steps necessary to

achieve plan
Helping students to know what is expected
of them at the end of the program

Instructional Objectives
Helping teachers, administrators and

society to assess the products of the system

Statement that described the teachers
intent about how students should change

Mager format of instructional

objectives
Robert Mager (1962) Preparing

Instructional Objectives
Objectives must be OBSERVABLE and
MEASURABLE
BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES

Mager format of instructional

objectives
Robert Mager (1962) suggested that

objectives of learning need to be specific

in term of:
1) Student behaviour
- What the learner will be able to do
when he has mastered the objectives

Mager format of instructional

objectives
- What learner will be doing or behavior the
teacher will accept as evidence that the
objectives have been achieved
- using verbs that denote observable action
- at the end of the lesson, the students
should be able to identify.

Mager format of instructional

objectives
2) Testing situation
- Under what conditions he will be able to
do it
- The condition under which the behaviour
will be observed
- given the blank world map students
should be able to locate the 5 active
volcanoes

Mager format of instructional

objectives
3) Performance criteria
- To what standard he will be able to do it
- The standard of the performance level
defined as acceptable
- indicating correctness, speed, rate of
response
- given the blank world map students
should be able to locate the 5 active
volcanoes

Mager format of instructional

objectives
use precise words that are not open to

many interpretations
Link the 3 parts together when writing the
behavioral objectives
Start by stating students behaviours,
condition and performance

Mager format of instructional

objectives
Examples :
- state
- list down
- identify
- compare
- calculate
- draw
- name the

- colour the..
- measure
- solve
- match the..

Mager format of instructional

objectives
Criticisms:
1) Not practical difficult to write
2) Difficult to accomplish the kind of
specificity
3) Becomes unmanageable for teachers to
write because too many objectives and
specificity

Instructional Objectives
Groundlund (1970) suggested there are 2

levels of objectives:
1) General objectives
2) Specific objectives

Instructional Objectives
General instructional objectives must be

followed by a sample of specific

behavioral outcomes
Teaching may be directed towards
achievement of the general objectives

Instructional Objectives
Specific objectives may form the basis for

testing and assessment

Blooms Instructional Objectives

There are different types of behaviours

can be specified in writing the instructional

objectives
Y??
Learning outcomes are varied and may be
classified into different categories

Blooms Instructional Objectives

Benjamin Bloom (1956) proposed the

most helpful guides for the behaviour

classification
He created a scheme that classifies
instructional objectives in a systematic
way

Blooms Instructional Objectives

He divided the objectives into 3 domains:
1) Cognitive domain : knowing fact and

information
2) Psychomotor domain: performing physical
skills
3) Affective domain: exhibiting personal
attitudes

Blooms Instructional Objectives

COGNITIVE
2) Comprehension
DOMAIN
- Related to translation,
- Divided into 6 levels
interpretation,
(from simple
extrapolation of
complex)
materials (e.g.
1) Knowledge
interpret
a
table)
- k/l of specifies
- E.g. u/s an essay,
- Ways / mean of
dealing with specify = summarizing
classification,
category

Blooms Instructional Objectives

3) Application
- Involves the use of
abstraction in
particular situation
- E.g. able to apply a
mathematical formula
- Involves- figuring,
reading, handling
equipment

4) Analysis
- Breaking up a whole
into parts
- E.g. Body brain
section of brain
neuron

Blooms Instructional Objectives

5) Synthesis
- Putting parts together
in a new form
- E.g. producing an
original piece of art

6) Evaluation
- Judging in term of
internal evidence and
logical consistency
- E.g. an essay using
their own opinion

Blooms Instructional Objectives

PSYCHOMOTOR
DOMAIN
6 classifications:
1) Reflex movementinvoluntarily
response
2) Fundamental
movement
crawling, biting

3) Perceptual abilities
watching, exploring,
catching
4) Physical activities
5) Skilled movementtyping, skating
6) Non-discursive
communicationability to comm.
through body
language

Blooms Instructional Objectives

AFFECTIVE
DOMAIN
5 categories:
1) Receiving (student is
aware)
2) Responding
3) Valuing (involve in
some experiences)

4) Organizing
(integrated new set of
values in his value)
5) Organization by value
(acts consistently
according to the
value)

Blooms Instructional Objectives

Within each of 3
AFFECTIVE
DOMAIN
domains, there are
different levels of
- participate, choose,
behaviours (simple to
show, demonstrate
complex
- at the end of the
hierarchical order)
class, the students will
The entire
able to show concern
classification system
for safety
is called taxonomy