cfly{s k|zf;g ljlgodfjnL

@)^*

ljifo ;"rL
kl/R5]b !
k|f/lDes
ljifo
!=
@=
#=
$=
%=

kfgf g+=

;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De

kl/efiff
ljlgodfjnLsf] JofVof ug]{ clwsf/
clwsf/ k|Tofof]hgM
k|zf;sLo cfb]z lbg] clwsf/

!
!
&
&
&

kl/R5]b @
s]lGb|o sf]if tyf vftf ;+rfng ;DaGwL Joj:yf
^=
&=
*=
(=
!)=
!!=

k|flws/0fsf] s]lGb|o sf]if / vftfM

k|flws/0fsf] cfDbfgL
ljljw sf]ifsf] Joj:yf
w/f}6L vftf
sfo{ ;+rfng :t/ vftf ;DaGwL Joj:yf
lx;fa cBfalws /fVg]

*
*
(
(
!!
!@

kl/R5]b #
aflif{s sfo{s|d tyf ah]6 th'{df ug]{ / :jLs[lt ug]{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!@=
!#=
!$=
!%=
!^=
!&=

bL3{sfnLg of]hgf tof/ ug{ ;Sg]

aflif{s sfo{s|d / ah]6 k]z ug]{
jflif{s sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 :jLs[t ug]{
k]ZsL ah]6 :jLs[t ug{ ;lsg]
/sdfGt/ ug{ ;lsg]
k'/s ah]6
kl/R5]b $
ah]6 /sdsf] lgsf;f tyf vr{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf

!*= ah]6 /sdsf] lgsf;f

!( vr{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@)= cfly{s sf/f]jf/ ubf{ k/fdz{ lng' kg]{

!#
!#
!#
!$
!$
!%

!^
!^
!*

ljifo

kfgf g+=

@!= ;fgf] gubL sf]if /fVg ;lsg]

@@= ah]6 sfof{Gjog k|ult ;dLIff

!*
!(

kl/R5]b %
n]vf, n]vfk/LIf0f / a]?h' km5\f}{6 ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@#=
@$=
@%=
@^=
@&=
@*=
@(=
#)=
#!=
#@=
##=

n]vf l;4fGt, n]vfdfg, n]vf+sg ljlw / ljQLo ljj/0f

s]Gb|Lo n]vf tyf ljQLo laa/0f
n]vf / n]vfsf] ljj/0f bflvnf ug]{ ;do
cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnL
n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt
cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf
s/ n]vfk/LIf0f
sfo{;Dkfbg n]vfk/LIf0f
ljz]if jf cfsl:ds n]vf k/LIf0f jf 5fgljg u/fpg ;Sg]
a}wflgs n]vf k/LIf0f
a]?h" km5\o}{f6 tyf cg'udg Joj:yf

@)
@!
@@
@@
@#
@$
@&
@&
@*
@*
@*

kl/R5]b ^
;DklQsf] lhDdf, nut ;+/If0f / a/a'emf/y
#$=
#%=
#^=
#&=
#*=
#(=
$)=
$!=
$@
$#=
$$=

;DklQsf] lhDdf / ;+/If0f

;DklQsf] nut
l:y/ ;DklQ, rfn' k"hLut sfo{sf] ef}lts k/LIf0f
lhG;L ;fdfgsf] ef}lts k/LIf0f
lhG;L ;fdfgsf] n]vf+sg tyf clen]vg Joj:yf
lhG;L e08f/0f Joj:yf
JolQmut lhDdfdf /xg] ;DklQsf] clen]v
x:tfGt/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf
x|f; sL ;DaGwL Joj:yf
k|flws/0fsf] ;DklQsf] aLdf ug]{ Joj:yf
a/a'emf/y ug'{ kg]{

#@
#@
#@
#$
#^
#&
#&
#&
#*
#(
#(

kl/R5]b &
lnnfd laqmL tyf ldGxf ;DaGwL Joj:yf
ljifo
$%=
$^=
$&=
$*=
$(=
%)=
%!=
%@=
%#=

kfgf g+=

lnlvt cfb]z ljgf lnnfd, ljqmL ug{ gx'g]

lnnfd ug]{ Joj:yf
a9fa9af6 lnnfd ljqmL ug]{ Joj:yf
lnnfd a9fa9sf] :jLs[lt
af]nkq cfJxfgaf6 lnnfd ljqmL ug]{ Joj:yf
lnnfd ljs|Lsf] af]nkq vf]Ng]
lnnfd ljs|L ;DaGwL af]nkqsf] :jLs[lt
cGo sfo{ljlw
ldGxf tyf nut s6[f ;DaGwL Joj:yf

$!
$!
$$
$%
$%
$^
$&
$&
$&

kl/R5]b *
k]ZsL tyf k]ZsL km5of}{6 ;DjGwL Joj:yf
%$=
%%=
%^=
%&=
%*=
%(=
^)=
^!=
^@=
^#=
^$=

ljifo
k]ZsL lbg] ;DaGwL Joj:yf
dfn;fdfg v/Lb tyf dd{t ;DjGwL k]ZsL
b}lgs tyf e|d0f eQf k]ZsL
kmd{ jf ;+:yfnfO{ lbOg] k]ZsL
d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t / ;+rfnsnfO{ k]ZsLM
k|lttkqf/f dfn;fdfg lemsfpbfsf] k]ZsL
k]ZsL km5\of{}6 ;DaGwL Joj:yf
Dofb yk ug{ ;lsg]
cl3Nnf] k]ZsL km5\of}{6 gx'+b} yk k]ZsL lbg gx'g]
k]ZsL :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/L lhDd]jf/ x'g]
ljefuLo sf/jfxL ul/g]

kfgf g+=
%)
%!
%!
%!
%@
%@
%@
%$
%$
%$
%$

kl/R5]b (
sfuhft w'Nofpg] ;DaGwL Joj:yf
^%= sfuhft w'Nofpg]
kl/R5]b !)
kbflwsf/Lx?sf] cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwL sfd tyf st{Jo

%%

ljifo
^^=
^&=
^*=
^(=
&)=
&!=

d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tsf] sfd tyf st{Jo

ljefuLo k|d'vsf] sfd tyf st{Jo
sfof{no k|d'vsf] sfd tyf st{Jo
n]vf k|d'vsf] sfd tyf st{Jo
:6f]/ k|d'vsf] sfd tyf st{Jo
vl/b OsfO{ k|d'vsf] sfd tyf st{Jo

kfgf g+=
%&
%&
%*
^)
^!
^@

kl/R5]b !!
vl/b sf/jfxLsf] tof/L, vl/b of]hgf / nfut cg'dfg
&@= vl/b sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L
&#= vl/b sf/jfxLsf] tof/L ug'{ kg]{
&$= vl/b OsfO{sf] lhDd]jf/L tf]Sg' kg]{
&%= vl/b dfu k|fKt ug'{ kg]]{
&^= clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] cfb]z lagf vl/b ug{ gx'g]
&&= vl/bsf] u'? of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kg]{
&*= aflif{s vl/b of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kg]{
&(= jh]6 tyf lgdf{0f:ynsf] Joj:yf
*)== dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ / ;]jfsf] ljj/0f tof/ ug'{ kg]{
*!= dfn;fdfgsf] k|fljlws :k]l;lkms]zgdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ s'/f
*@= lgdf{0f sfo{sf] k|fljlws :k]l;lkms]zgdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ s'/f
*#= cGo ;]jfsf] ljj/0fdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ s'/f
*$= nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{ kg]{
*%= lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg
*^= dfn;fdfgsf] nfut cg'dfg
*&= k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg
**= cGo ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg
*(= ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] cfwf/ kfng ug'{ kg]{
()== nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{ s'/f
ljifo
(!= df}h'bf ;"rL -:6flG8 lni6_ tof/ ug]{
(@= d"No clej[l4 s/ btf{ k|df0f kq ePsf;+u vl/b ug'{kg]{
(#= g]kfndf pTkflbt dfn;fdfg vl/b ug'{ kg]{

^$
^$
^$
^%
^%
^%
^^
^&
^&
^*
^(
^(
&)
&)
&!
&!
&@
&@
&#
kfgf g+=
&#
&$
&%

kl/R5]b !@
vl/b ljlw / vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] 5gf}6
($= vl/b ljlw 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{
(%= vl/bnfO{ k|lt:kwf{ ;Lldt x'g] u/L 6'qmf 6'qmf ug{ gx'g]
(^== vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] 5gf}6
(&= dfn;fdfg jf cGo ;]jfsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf
(*== lgdf{0f sfo{sf] vl/b ;Demf}tf
((= k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf
!))= zt{ /fVg ;lsg]

&^
&^
&^
&&
&&
&&
&&

kl/R5]b !#
of]Uotfsf cfwf/ / k|fljlws Ifdtf
!)!= af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{
&*
!)@= dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{ af]nkqbftfsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/
&*
!)#= dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{ af]nkqbftfsf] k|fljlws Ifdtf k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft &(
!)$= lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/
*)
!)%= lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] k|fljlws Ifdtf k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft
*!
!)^= k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/
*!
!)&= k|:tfjbftfsf] k|fljlws Ifdtf k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft
*@
!)*= ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/
*@
!)(= cfly{s / ljQLo Ifdtf v'Ng] sfuhft dfu ug{ ;Sg]
*#
!!)= ;jsG6fs6/af6 sfd u/fpg] ;DaGwL Joj:yf
*$
kl/R5]b !$
af]nkq ;DaGwL Joj:yf
ljifo
!!!= af]nkqsf] dfWodf/f vl/b ug'{ kg]{
!!@= k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{
!!#= k"j{ of]Uotf ;DjGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ s'/f
!!$= k"j{of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ pNn]v ug'{ kg]{
!!%= k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjsf] k/LIf0f
!!^= k|lta]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{
!!&= cGt/{fli6o :t/sf] af]nkq cfJxfg ug]{ cj:yf
!!*= af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhft tof/ ug'{ kg]{

kfgf g+=
*%
*%
*^
*^
*^
*&
*&
**

!!(= e]befj ug{ gx'g]

()
!@)= Ph]G6sf] ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{ kg]{
()
!@! af]nkqbftfsf] u|fXotf ;DaGwL cfwf/ pNn]v ug'{ kg]{
()
!@@= af]nkqsf] efiff
(!
!@#= af]nkqsf] d'b|f
(@
!@$= af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf ;dfa]z ug'{ kg]{ sfuhft
(@
!@% af]nkqbftfnfO{ lgb]{zg
(@
!@^= af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhft :jLs[t ug{' kg]{
(#
!@&= af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftsf] b:t'/
(#
!@*= af]nkq cfXjfg
($
!@(= af]nkqsf] ;"rgfdf nfut cg'dfg v'nfpg' kg]{
(%
!#)= lgdf{0f :ynsf] e|d0f
(%
!#!= af]nkq jf k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf ePsf] llawf af/]sf] hfgsf/L
(%
!#@= af]nkq k]z ug'{ k"j{sf] a}7s
(^
!##= af]nkq hdfgt
(^
!#$= af]nkq dfGo x'g] cjlw
(*
!#%= af]nkq k]z ug]{ tl/sf
((
!#^= af]nkq lkmtf{ tyf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]
((
!#&= ljqmL / btf{ lstfj /fVg' kg]{
((
!#*= af]nkqsf] ;'/Iff
!))
!#(= af]nkq vf]Ng]
!))
!$)= af]nkqsf] d"Nof+sg
!)!
!$!= af]nkqsf] u|fXotfsf] k/LIf0fM
!)!
!$@= af]nkqsf] k"0f{tfsf] k/LIf0f
!)@
!$#= hfgsf/L dfu ug{ ;lsg]
!)#
!)#
!$$ af]nkq pk/ sf/afO{ gx'g]
kfgf g+=
= ljifo
!$%= c+sul0ftLo q'6L ;Rofpg]M
!)%
!$^= Aff]nkqsf] d"Nof+sg k|of]hgsf] nflu Psn d'b|fsf] kl/0ft ug'{ kg]{
!)%
!$&= af]nkqsf] k|fljlws kIfsf] d"Nofg
!)%
!$*= af]nkqsf] Jofkfl/s kIfsf] d"Nofg
!)^
!$(= af]nkqsf] cfly{s kIfsf] d"Nofg ug]{
!)&
!%)= :jb]zL dfn;fdfg / lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{g] ePdf ;f]sf]
d"Nof+sg ug'{ kg]{
!)&
!%!= af]nkqsf] laz]if d"Nofg ug'{ kg]{
!)&
!%@= sjf]n c+ssf] t'ngf
!)*
!%#= kZrft of]Uotf d"Nof+sg
!)*
!%$= af]nkq c:jLs[t ug]{ jf vl/b sf/afxL /2 ug]{
!)*
!%%= af]nkq d"Nofgsf] k|lta]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{
!)(

!%^= Aff]nkq :jLs[t ug]{ cfzosf] ;"rgf lbg' kg]{

!%&= Aff]nkq :jLs[t u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{
!%*= vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{
!%(= dfn;fdfgsf] gd"gf lkmtf{ ug]{

!!!
!!!
!!!
!!@

kl/R5]b !%
k/fdz{ ;]jf ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!^)= k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug{ ;lsg]
!!#
!^!= sfo{ If]qut zt{ tof/ ug'{ kg]{
!!#
!^@= df}h'bf ;"rLdf /x]sf k/fdz{bftfaf6 k|:tfj dfu u/L k/fdz{ ;]jf lng ;lsg] !!#
!^#= v'Nnf?kdf cfzo kq dfu u/L ;+lIfKt ;"rL tof/ ug'{ kg]{
!!$
!^$= vl/b ljlwsf] 5gf}6
!!%
!^%= k|:tfj dfu ug]{
!!^
!^^= k|:tfj tof/ ug{ lbO{g] lgb]{zgdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ s'/f
!!*
!^&= k|:tfj vf]Ng] tl/sfM
!!(
!^*= k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"Nof+g ug]{ tl/sf
!@)
!^(= d"Nof+g k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{kg]{
!@!
!&)= cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Nbf 5gf}6 ePsf] k|:tfjbftfnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{
!@!
!&!= cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Ng]
!@!
!&@= cfly{s k|:tfjsf] d"Nof+g
!@@
!&#= k|:tfj c:jLs[t ug]{ / vl/b sf/afxL /2 ug]{
!@%
!&$= jftf{ ug{ ;lsg]
!@%
!&%= vl/b ;Demf}tf ug]{
!@^
!&^= tfnLd, uf]i7L / ;]ldgf/ h:tf ;]jf ;f]e}m jftf{af6 vl/b ug{ ;lsg]
!@^
!&&= k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/bsf] cGo ljlw
!@^
kl/R5]b !^
vl/b ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf
ljifo
!&*= lznaGbL b/efpkq ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!&(= ;f]em} vl/b ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!*)= ;f]em} vl/b ug'{ cl3 olsg ug'{ kg]{ s'/f
!*!= 3/ hUUff ef8fdf lng] ;DaGwL Joj:yfM
!*@ ;]jf s/f/df lng] ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw
!*#= dfn;fdfg dd{t ;Def/ ug]{ u/fpg] sfo{ljlw
!*$= cdfgtaf6 lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpg]
!*%= pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfoaf6 sfd u/fpg] sfo{ljlw

kfgf g+=
!@*
!#)
!#@
!##
!#$
!#%
!#^
!#^

kl/R5]b !&
k'g/fjnf]sg ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!*^= lgj]bg lbg ;lsg]

!#(

kl/R5]b !*
vl/b ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!*&= vl/b ;Demf}tf / ;f]sf zt{x?
!**= ;Demf}tf ug{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt k]z ug'{ kg]{
!*(= ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!()= vl/b ;Demf}tfdf ;+zf]wg
!(!= jLdf u/]sf] k|df0f k]z ug'{ kg]{
!(@ k]ZsL e'QmfgL / km5of}{6 ug]{ Joj:yf
!(#= dfn;fdfgsf] lg/LIf0f / :jLs[lt
!($= c:jLs[t dfn;fdfgsf] lnnfd las|L tyf /sd c;"nL ug]{
!(%= sfo{ :jLsf/ k|ltj]bg
!(^= e]l/Pzg cfb]z
!(& d"No ;dfof]hg
!(*= vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb yk ug{ ;lsg]
!((= k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{
@))= lan jf ljhs k]z ug'{ kg]{
@)!= lan jf ljhssf] e'QmfgL
@)@= clGtd e'QmfgL
@)#= sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{
@)$= ;do eGbf cl3 sfd ;DkGg ug]{nfO{ k'/:sf/ lbg ;lsg]
@)%= vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] cGTo / ;f]sf] pkrf/
@)^= cg's'ntfsf] cfwf/df vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] cGTo ubf{ lbg' kg]{ e'QmfgL]
@)&= vl/b ;Demf}tf pNn+3g eP k|fKt x'g] pkrf/

!$!
!$@
!$@
!$#
!$#
!$%
!$^
!$^
!$&
!$&
!$*
!$(
!%)
!%)
!%!
!%@
!%#
!%$
!%%
!%%
!%^

kl/R5]b !(
ljjfb ;dfwfg ;DaGwL Joj:yf
ljifo
@)*= ljjfb ;dfwfg ;DaGwL ;+oGq
@)(= lg0f{ostf{sf] lgo'lQm / ljjfb ;dfwfg ;ldltsf] u7g
@!)= lg0f{ostf{ jf ljjfb ;dfwfg ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
@!!= kfl/>lds / ;'lawf
@!@= ljjfb pk/sf] lg0f{o
@!#= dWo:ysf] dfWod4f/f ljjfb ;dfwfg ug]{

kfgf g+=
!%&
!%&
!%*
!%*
!%*
!%*

kl/R5]b@)
ljljw
@!$= vl/b sf/afxL ;DaGwL sfuhft pknAw u/fpg' kg]{
@!%= k|nf]eg, e|i6frf/ jf hfn;fhLhGo Jojxf/sf] ;"rgf
@!^= sfnf];"rLdf /fVg l;kmfl/; ug]{
@!&= d"Nofg ;ldlt
@!* vl/b sf/jfxLsf] clen]v
@!(= 9fFrf tf]Sg ;Sg]
@@)= lgb]{lzsf agfpg ;Sg]
@@!= a}7s eQf
@@@= cltl/Qm ;do eQf / vfhf vr{
@@#= 3/, hUuf tyf dfn;fdfg axfndf lbg]
@@$= laB"tLo dfWodaf6 vl/b
@@%= nfu]sf] vr{ / ;]jf z'Ns lng] u/L sfo{ (Rechargable Work) ug]{
@@^= Hofnfsf] b//]6
@@&= ;]jf pknJw u/fpg
@@*= ljB't z'Ns jf ;]jf z'Ns ;DaGwL lx;fa ldnfg ug]{ jf ;dfof]hg ug]{
@@( j}b]lzs C0f jf cg'bfg cGtu{t vl/b ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@#)= jfwf c8\rg km'sfpg]
@#!= vf/]hL tyf arfp

!%(
!%(
!%(
!%(
!^!
!^@
!^@
!^@
!^#
!^#
!^#
!^#
!^$
!^$
!^$
!^$
!^$
!^$

cg';"rLx?
cg';"rL
cg';"rL
cg';"rL
cg';"rL
cg';"rL
cg';"rL
cg';"rL
cg';"rL
cg';"rL
cg';"rL
cg';"rL
cg';"rL

!
@
#
$
%
^
&
*
(
!)
!!
!@

sfof{nox?sf] gfd
clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] txut clwsf/
j}+s hdfgtsf] clen]v
cfoJoosf] cg'dflgt ljj/0f
a/a'emf/y k|df0fkq
a/a'emf/y u/]sf] k|df0f
k|lttkq clen]v
lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut Oli6d]6 lgsfNg] tl/sf
dfn;fdfg jf cGo ;]jfsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf
lgdf{0f sfo{sf] vl/b ;Demf}tf
k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf
k"FhLut sfdsf] clGtd ljn;+u ;dfj]z x'g' kg]{ sfuhft

!^%
!^^
!&@
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!*!
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g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f

cfly{s k|zf;g ljlgodfjnL, @)^*
g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f P]g, @)$! sf] bkmf #% n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L g]kfn ljB't
k|flws/0fsf] ;+rfns ;ldltn] of] cfly{s k|zf;g ;DjGwL ljlgodx? agfPsf] 5 .
kl/R5]b !
k|f/lDes
!=

;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/DeM -!_ of] ljlgodjnLsf] gfd g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f, cfly{s k|zf;g
ljlgodfjnL, @)^* /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] ljlgodfjnL @)^( j}zfv ! ut] b]lv nfu' x'g]5 .

@=

kl/efiffM ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; ljlgodfjnLdf,

-s_ P]g eGgfn] g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f P]g, @)$! ;Demg' kb{5 .
-v_ vl/b P]g eGgfn] ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# ;Demg' k5{ .
-u_ k|flws/0f eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf # cGt{ut :yfkgf ePsf] g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f
;Demg' kb{5 .
-3_ ;ldlt eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf * adf]lhd ul7t k|flws/0fsf] ;+rfns ;ldlt ;Demg'
kb{5 .
-_ d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf !& adf]lhd lgo'tm dxfk|aGws jf
;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Ddsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lgo'tm sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs ;Demg'
kb{5 .
-r_ sfof{no eGgfn] cg';"rL ! df tf]lsPsf] sfof{no ;Demg' kb{5 .

-5_ ljefuLo k|d'v eGgfn] d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t, pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs,

dxfk|jGws, lgb]{zs, If]qLo lgb]{zs jf cfof]hgf lgb]{zs ;Demg' kb{5 .
-h_ sfof{no k|d'v eGgfn] cg';"rL ! df tf]lsPsf] sfof{nosf] k|d'v ;Demg' kb{5 .
-em_ sd{rf/L eGgfn] k|flws/0fsf] s'g} kbdf :yfoL ?kn] lgo'Qm ePsf] AolQm ;Demg'
kb{5 .
-`_ sf]if eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf @( adf]lhdsf] sf]if ;Demg' kb{5 .
-6_ ah]6 eGgfn] k|flws/0fsf] jflif{s sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu ;ldltf/f :jLs[t
k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] cfo / Aoosf] ljj/0f ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] k'/s ah]6
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-7_ cfly{s jif{ eGgfn] ljqmd ;Dat\sf] >fj0f ! ut]b]lv csf]{ aif{sf] cfiff9
d;fGt;Ddsf] cjlwnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-8_ n]vf eGgfn] sf/f]jf/ ePsf] Aoxf]/f b]lvg] u/L tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf v8f u/]sf] >]:tf
tyf lx;fj lstfj ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zJbn] sf/f]jf/nfO{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ ;j} k|sf/sf
sfuhft / cfly{s ljj/0f ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-9_ n]vf pQ/bfoL clws[t eGgfn] cfkm\gf] / dftxt sfof{nosf] cfly{s k|zf;g
;+rfng ug]{ u/fpg], jflif{s ah]6 tof/ ug]{ / ;f] ah]6 ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t u/fO{
vr{ ug]{ clwsf/ ;'Dkg], ah]6sf] n]vf /fVg], /fVg nufpg], cfDbfgL, vr{, w/f}6L /
lhG;L ;d]tsf] n]vf k/LIf0f u/fpg], a]?h" lgoldt ug]{ u/fpg] jf ldGxf ug]{ u/fpg]
st{Ao ePsf] d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t ;Demg' kb{5 .
-0f_ n]vf k|d'v eGgfn] o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd sfof{nosf] cfly{s sf/f]jf/sf] n]vf
l/tk"j{s /fVg], vr{ n]Vbf P]g, ljlgodfjnL tyf k|rlnt sfg"g jdflhd l/t k'u]
gk'u]sf] hfFra'em ug]{, cfo Aoo, ;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] kmfF6jf/L k]z ug]{ /
n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg] st{Ao ePsf] clwsf/L ;Demg' kb{5 .
-t_ ljlgof]hg eGgfn] k|To]s aif{ ;ldltf/f ljleGg lzif{sdf jfF8kmfF8 u/]sf] ah]6
/sdnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-y_ n]vf lbUbz{g eGgfn] k|flws/0fsf] sfo{s|d tyf ah]6 tof/ ug{ / n]vf+sg
;DaGwdf ;ldltaf6 hf/L ePsf] k'l:tsf ;Demg' k5{ .

-b_ sf/f]jf/ eGgfn] sfof{nosf] rn, crn, gubL tyf lhG;L ;DkQL lhDdf lnO{ P]g,
ljlgod jf k|rlnt sfg"g jdf]lhd lgwf{l/t sfddf vr{ jf bflvnf ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{
sfd ;Demg' k5{ .
-w_ gub eGgfn] l;Ssf, gf]6, a}+s 8fkm\6, x'08L, e'QmfgL 6fG;km/, /l;b, d"No c+lst
Sof; Eofn' 8s'd]G6 jf ;f] ;/xsf] e'QmfgL ug{ ;lsg] lnvt ;d]tnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-g_ dxfk|jGws jf pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs eGgfn] k|flws/0fsf] afx|f}+ txsf] clws[t
;Demg' kb{5 .
-k_

lgb]{zs eGgfn] k|flws/0fsf] P3f/f}+ txsf] clws[t ;Demg' kb{5 .

-km_ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L eGgfn] o; ljlgodfjnLsf] s'g} ljlgoddf ;ldlt jf s'g}
kbflwsf/Ln] ug]{ elg tf]lsPsf]df ;f]xL ljlgod adf]lhd / gtf]lsPsf]df cg';"rL @
adf]lhd v08 v08df plNnlvt sfo{ :jLs[t ug{ clwsf/ k|fKt ePsf] ;f]xL v08
v08df plNnlvt txut clwsf/L ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] To:tf] clwsf/ k|fKt
clwsf/Ln] cfkm"df lglxt clwsf/ ;'Dk]sf] clwsf/LnfO{ ;d]t ;Demg' k5{ .
-a_ cfGtl/s lgoGq0f eGgfn] P]g, o; ljlgodfjnL tyf P]g jf ljlgodfjnL
cGt/ut ag]sf lgb]{lzsf / k|rlnt sfg'gn] lgWff{/0f u/]sf k|ls|of kl/kfngf eof]
ePg, sfof{nosf] ;DkQLsf] xfgL gf]S;fgL x'g gkfpg] u/L ;'k|aGw / ;+/If0f ul/Psf]
5 5}g, k|flws/0fsf] ;|f]tsf] ;b'kof]u ePsf] 5 5}g / sf/f]jf/sf] n]vf cBfjlws
u/L /flvPsf] 5 5}g, ;DalGwt sfo{sf] nflu tf]lsPsf] /sd vr{ ePsf] 5 5}g,
lgwf{/0f ul/Psf pb]Zo k|fKt ePsf] 5 5}g egL dflyNnf] txsf] clwsf/Laf6 lg/Gt/
?kdf ul/g] ;'kl/j]If0f / cg'udg ;d]tsf sfo{nfO{ hgfp5 .
-e_ cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0f eGgfn] k|flws/0faf6 cfGtl/s jf afXo hgzlQm f/f
lgoldt?kdf ul/g] n]vf k/LIf0fnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-d_ j}wflgs n]vfk/LIf0f eGgfn] ;fwf/0f ;efjf6 lgo'Qm n]vfk/LIfs jf ;fwf/0f
;efjf6 lgo'Qm geP;Dd dxfn]vf k/LIfsaf6 lgo'Qm n]vfk/LIfsaf6 x'g]
n]vfk/LIf0f ;Demg' kb{5 .
-o_ a]?h" eGgfn] o; ljlgodfjnL tyf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd k'ofpg' kg]{ l/t
gk'ofO{ sf/f]jf/ u/]sf] jf /fVg'kg]{ n]vf clen]vg tyf sfuhft g/fv]sf] tyf
3

clgoldt jf a]d'gfl;j tl/sfn] cfly{s sf/f]jf/ u/]sf] elg n]vfk/LIf0f x'Fbf

7xofO{Psf] /sd sndnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-/_ n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{ ug]{ argkq (Audit Engagement Letter) eGgfn] n]vfk/LIfs /
Aoj:yfkg jLrsf] lhDd]jf/L ls6fg ul/Psf] :jLsf/ kq ;Demg' kb{5 .
-n_ Aoj:yfkg :jLsf/ kq (Management Representation Letter) eGgfn] sfof{non]
n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ lx;fj lstfj ;j} b]vfPsf], lx;fj lstfjdf clgoldt sfo{ gePsf],
v'nfpg'kg]{ s'/f v'nfO{Psf] tyf ;xL / z'4 ePsf] :jLsf/kq ;Demg' kb{5 .
-j_ w'Nofpg' eGgfn] sfof{nodf ePsf] sfuhftdf n]lvPsf] Joxf]/f k9\g, a'em\g, jf
To;sf] s'g} pkof]u ug{ g;lsg] u/L clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] lg0f{o adf]lhd gi6
ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-z_ hdfgt eGgfn] s'g} sfd 6'f] gnfu];Dd ;'/If0f jfkt /flvPsf] ;'/If0f hdfgt
/sd -l/6]G;g dlg_ jf ;'/If0f afkt sf ul/Psf] /sd jf cg]{i6 dlg jf ;f]
jfktsf] lj8a08 jf k/km/d]G; a08 ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] s'g} sf/0fn] ;'/If0f
/fVg' kg]{ eO{ ;f] jfkt /flvPsf] h'g;'s} /sd ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-if_ vl/b eGgfn] o; ljlgodfanL adf]lhd s'g} dfn;fdfg, k/fdz{ ;]jf jf cGo
;]jf k|fKt ug]{ jf s'g} lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ u/fpg] sfo{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-;_ dfn;fdfg eGgfn] rn jf crn h'g;'s} lsl;dsf] a:t' ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
To:tf] a:t' cfk"lt{ ug]{ sfo{sf] cfg'iffFlus ;]jf ;d]tnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
-x_ lgdf{0f sfo{ eGgfn] s'g} ;+/rgf jf s'g} s'/fsf] lgdf{0f ug]{, k'gMlgdf{0f ug]{,
eTsfpg], dd{t ;+ef/ ug]{ jf hL0ff]{f/ ug]{ sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt lgdf{0f :yn tof/
ug]{, vGg] 78\ofpg], agfpg], pks/0f jf dfn;fdfg h8fg ug]{, ;hfpg] cflb h:tf
sfo{ ;Demg' kb{5 / ;f] zAbn] gS;f agfpg], k|of]uzfnf k/LIf0f ug]{, e"pku|xLo
kmf]6f] lvRg], e'sDkLo k/LIf0f ug]{ h:tf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] cfg'iffFlus ;]jf ;d]tnfO{
hgfpFb5 .
-If_ Ps tx dflysf] clwsf/L eGgfn] ljefuLo k|d'v cGt/utsf] sfof{no k|d'vsf]
xsdf ljefuLo k|d'v, dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs cGtu{tsf sfof{no
k|d'vsf] xsdf ;DjlGwt dxfk|jGwspk sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs, pk sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs /
dxfk|jGwssf] xsdf d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t / d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tsf] xsdf
k|flws/0fsf] ;+rfns ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ .

-q_ k/fdz{ ;]jf eGgfn] s'g} cWoog, cg';Gwfg, ;e]{If0f, l8hfOg, 8O{, ;'k/Lj]If0f,
tflnd, k/LIf0f ug]{ sfd, ;km\6j]o/sf] ljsf; jf o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo af}l4s jf
k]zfut ;]jf ;Demg' kb{5 .
-1_ cGo ;]jf eGgfn] k/fdz{ ;]jf afx]ssf cGo h'g;'s} ;]jf ;Demg' kb{5 .
-sf_ af]nkq -6]08/_ eGgfn] k|flws/0fn] s'g} dfn;fdfg vl/b ubf{, lgdf{0f sfo{ ubf{ jf
dd{t ;+ef/ ubf{, 9'jfgL u/fpFbf, lnnfd ljlqm ubf{ jf s'g} ;]jf lnbf k|flws/0fsf]
;"rgf cg';f/ OR5's AolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] k|flws/0fn] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf
vfdaGbL u/L l;naGbL nufO{ k]z u/]sf] d"No v'Ng] sfuhft jf b//]6 ;lxtsf]
k|:tfj ;Demg' kb{5 .
-vf_ l;naGbL b/efp kq eGgfn] s'g} dfn;fdfg vl/b ubf{, lgdf{0f sfo{ ubf{ jf dd{t
;+ef/ ubf{ jf ;]jf pknAw ug{ k|flws/0fsf] dfu cg';f/ OR5's AolQm, kmd{, sDkgL
jf ;+:yfn] vfdaGbL u/L l;naGbL nufO{ k]z u/]sf] b//]6 ;lxtsf] ljj/0f ;Demg'
kb{5 .
-uf_ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft -6]08/ 8s'd]G6_ eGgfn] af]nkq cfXjfg ;DaGwL
;"rgfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd af]nkqbftfn] d"No jf k|:tfj jf b//]6 e/L jf tof/
u/L k]z ug{sf nflu sfof{non]] tof/ u/]sf]] af]nkqbftfnfO{ lbOPsf] lgb]{zg,
:k]lzlkms]zg, gS;f, l8hfOg, sfo{If]qut zt{x? -6d{; ckm /]km/]G;_, sfo{tflnsf,
d"Nofgsf cfwf/, d"No kl/df0f ;"rL, ;Demf}tfsf zt{x? h:tf cGo sfuhft
/x]sf] lnvt ;Demg' kb{5 .
-3f_ vl/b ;Demf}tf eGgfn] o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd s'g} sfd ug{ jf dfn;fdfg jf
;]jf pknAw u/fpg sfof{no / cfk"lt{stf{ jf lgdf{0f Joj;foL jf k/fdz{bftf jf
;]jfk|bfos jLrdf zt{ /fvL ul/Psf] ;Demf}tf ;Demg' kb{5 .
-f_ ;+o'Qm pkqmd -HjfOG6 e]Gr/_ eGgfn] b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L kmd{ jf sDkgL ldln
;+o'Qm jf 5'6\6f 5'6\6} bfloTj ;lxt s'g} sfd ug{ v8f ePsf] ;+:yfnfO{ ;Demg' kb{5
.
-rf_ clws[t ljqm]tf -Ph]G6_ eGgfn] s'g} :jb]zL jf ljb]zL JolQm, kmd{ jf sDkgLsf]
Ph]G;L lng] JolQm, kmd{ jf sDkgL ;Demg' kb{5 .
-5f_ ljz]if kl/l:ylt eGgfn] af9L klx/f], clta[li6, cgfa[li6 cfunfuL h:tf b}ljs jf
k|fs[lts k|sf]k tyf cfsl:ds jf ck|Toflzt ljz]if sf/0faf6 ljB't pTkfbg,
k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0f k|0ffnLdf cj/f]w ePsf] kl/l:ylt ;Demg' kb{5 / ;f] zAbn] o'4
jf cfGtl/s Gb h:tf kl/l:ylt ;d]t nfO{ hgfpF5 .
5

-hf_ Joj;fo eGgfn] b]xfosf] Joj;fo ;Demg' kb{5 M

-!_
-@_
-#_
-$_
-%_

pTkfbg Joj;fo -dxfk|jGws / dftxtsf ;Dk'0f{ sfof{nox?_,

k|;f/0f Joj;fo -dxfk|jGws / dftxtsf ;Dk'0f{ sfof{nox?_,
ljt/0f tyf u|fxs ;]jf Joj;fo -dxfk|jGws / dftxtsf ;Dk'0f{ sfof{nox?_,
O{lGhlgol/ ;]jf Joj;fo -dxfk|jGws / dftxtsf ;Dk'0f{ sfof{nox?_,
;ldltn] ;do ;dodf tf]s]sf cGo Joj;fo .

-emf_ ;Demf}tf d"No -sG6ofS6 k|fO;_ eGgfn] vl/b ;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt vl/b d"No
;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zJbn] To:tf] ;Demf}tf cGtu{t e]l/P;g cfb]z hf/L ul/Psf]df
To:tf] cfb]z adf]lhd ePsf] sfd gfkhfFr ubf{ sfod ePsf] d"No / d"No
;dfof]hg ePsf]df To:tf] ;dfof]hgaf6 sfod ePsf] d'No ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-`f_ ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{no eGgfn] ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf
^$ adf]lhd :yflkt ;fj{hlgs vl/b c'gudg sfof{no ;Demg' kb{5 .
-6f_ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt eGgfn] lgdf{0f sfo{jf6 k|ToIf nfe kfpg] AolQmx?n] s'g} lgdf{0f
sfo{sf] lgdf{0f, ;+rfng tyf dd{t ;+ef/ ug{sf] nflu cfkm"x?dWo]af6 u7g u/]sf]
;ldlt ;Demg' kb{5 .
-7f_ saf]n c+s -la8 k|fO{;_ eGgfn] s'g} af]nkqsf] k/LIf0faf6 sfod x'g cfPsf] /sd
;Demg' kb{5 .
-8f_ k|f]k|fO{6/L dfn;fdfg eGgfn] s'g} dfn;fdfg, oGq jf pks/0fsf] lgdf{tfn] To:tf]
dfn;fdfg, oGq jf pks/0f ;+rfng jf dd{t ;+ef/sf] nflu agfPsf] ;xfos
pks/0f tyf kf6{k"hf{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
-9f_ ;jsG6ofS6/ eGgfn] s'g} vl/b ;Demf}tf ug]{ lgdf{0f Aoj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{,
k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jfk|bfos;Fu 5'6[} ;Demf}tf u/L To:tf] vl/b ;Demf}tf cGtu{tsf]
s'g} sfo{ ug]{ lgdf{0f Aoj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jfk|bfos ;Demg' kb{5
.
-0ff_ cdfgt eGgfn] k|flws/0f cfkm}n] ug]{ s'g} lgdf{0f sfo{ ;Demg'' kb{5 .
-tf_ df}h'bf ;"rL -:6flG8 ln:6_ eGgfn] ljlgod (! adf]lhdsf] ;"rL ;Demg' k5{ .
-yf_ bft[ kIf eGgfn] lkIfLo jf ax'kIfLo ;Demf}tff/f k|flws/0fnfO{ C0f jf
cg'bfgsf] ?kdf j}b]lzs ;xfotf pknAw u/fpg] s'g} ljb]zL d'n's jf cGt/f{li6o
jf ljb]zL ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ .
6

-bf_ k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk eGgfn] o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd ul/g] vl/b k|lqmofdf

af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfn] sfof{nodf k]z ug'{kg]{ sfuhftx? gf]6/L kAnLsaf6
k|dfl0ft ul/Psf] sfuhft ;Demg' kb{5 .
#=

ljlgodfjnLsf] JofVof ug]{ clwsf/ M of] ljlgodfjnLsf] AofVof ug]{ clwsf/ ;ldltnfO{
x'g]5 .

$=

clwsf/ k|Tofof]hgM -!_ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] cfkm'nfO{ k|fKt clwsf/ dWo] ah]6 tyf
sfo{s|d :jLs[t ug]{, /sdfGt/ :jLs[t ug]{, nfut cg'dfg ;+zf]wg ug]{, vl/b ;Demf}tf
;+zf]wg ug]{, vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb yk ug]{ / e]l/Pzg cfb]z ug]{ clwsf/ jfx]ssf
cg';"rL @ adf]lhd cfkm"df lglxt clwsf/df ga9\g] u/L s]xL jf ;j} clwsf/ dftxt
sfof{nosf cGo clws[t jf cfkm" d'lgsf] s'g} clws[t nfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k|Tofof]hg ePsf] clwsf/sf ;DaGwdf To;/L clwsf/
k|Tofof]hg ug]{ clwsf/Lsf] hjfkmb]xLtf /lx /xg]5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug]{ clwsf/Ln] cfkm"n] k|Tofof]hg
u/]sf] clwsf/ adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfdsf] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt clwsf/Laf6 ;do ;dodf
cfjZos hfgsf/L lnO{ /fVg' kg]{5 .

%=

k|zf;sLo cfb]z lbg] clwsf/M o; ljlgodfjnL cGtu{t rflxg] k|zf;sLo cfb]z d'Vo
k|zf;sLo clws[tn] lbg]5 .

kl/R5]b @
s]Gb|Lo sf]if tyf vftf ;+rfng ;DaGwL Joj:yf

^=

k|flws/0fsf] s]Gb|Lo sf]if / vftfM -!_ k|flws/0fsf] cfkm\gf] Pp6f s]Gb|Lo sf]if x'g]5 / pQm
sf]ifdf b]xfP adf]lhdsf /sd hDdf x'g]5 M
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
-_
-r_
-5_

ljB't dx;'n, cGo dx;'n, / ;]jf z'Ns,

nufgL jf C0faf6 k|fKt x'g] Jofh / nfef+z,
lkmtf{ x'g cfPsf] nufgL / C0f /sd,
C0f jf cg'bfg /sd,
k|flws/0fnfO{ k|fKt x'g] k"+hL jf z]o/ afktsf] /sd,
s'g} k|sf/sf] ;DkQL jf j:t' ljqmLaf6 k|fKt /sd,
cGo h'g;'s} >f]taf6 k|fKt x'g] /sd .

-@_ k|flws/0fsf] s]Gb|Lo sf]ifdf /sd bflvnf ug{sf] nflu d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tsf]
l:js[ltdf Ps jf a9L afl0fHo a}+sx?df vftf vf]Ng ;Sg]5 . afl0fHo a}+s gePdf ;ldltsf]
l:js[ltdf cGo a}+sdf ;d]t vftf vf]Ng ;lsg] 5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] s]Gb|Lo sf]ifaf6 cGo vftfx?df /sd 6fG;km/ ug]{
afx]ssf cGo vr{x? ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .
-$_ s]Gb|Lo sf]ifsf] vftf ;+rfng ug]{ clwsf/ d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t jf lghn]
tf]s]sf] clws[t tyf pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs -cy{_ jf lghn] tf]s]sf] n]vf tkm{sf sd{rf/LnfO{
x'g]5 .
&=

k|flws/0fsf] cfDbfgLM -!_ k|To]s sfof{non] cfk\mgf] sfof{nodf bflvn x'g] ljB't dx;'n jf
;]jf z'Ns jf s'g} klg cGo cfDbfgL /sd k|fKt ePs} lbg jf ;f] sf] ef]lnkN6 g} ljlgod ^
adf]lhdsf] k|flws/0fsf] s]Gb|Lo sf]ifdf hDdf x'g] u/L a}+s bflvnf u/L ;f]sf] clen]v /fVg'
kg]{5 . ef]lnkN6 labf kl/ a}+s aGb ePdf a}+s v'n]sf] lbgdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L a}+s
bflvnf u/]sf] lx;fasf] laa/0f dfl;s ?kdf cfkm\gf] tfn's sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .

-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd bflvn x'g cfPsf] /sd a}+sdf hDdf geP;Dd pQm
sfof{nosf] gub lhDdf lng] sd{rf/L, n]vf k|d'v / sfof{no k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf]
sd{rf/Lsf] ;+o'Qm lhDd]jf/Ldf sfof{nodf ;'/lIft;fy /fVg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd hDdf ug'{kg]{ /sd ;dodf g} hDdf gu/]df /sd a'lem
lng] ;DalGwt sd{rf/L pk/ sfo{fno k|d'vn] ljefuLo sf/jfO{ rnfpg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ cfo ;+sng ug]{ sfof{noaf6 ;fKtflxs, kflIfs / dfl;s ?kdf s]Gb|Lo sf]ifdf
6fG;km/ u/]sf] /sd hDdf eP gePsf] /]vb]v ug]{ / lx;fa ldnfg ug]{ st{Jo tyf
pQ/bfloTj ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v, n]vf k|d'v / sfof{nosf] gub lhDdf lng] sd{rf/Lsf]
x'g]5 .
-%_ ;+:yfut ljQLo ljefu / ;DalGwt If]qLo sfof{noljefun] dftxtsf sfof{no
tyf cfo ;+sng OsfO{af6 ;+sng u/L k7fPsf] /sd k|fKt ePkl5 n]vf+sg u/L ;f]sf]
hfgsf/L dfl;s ?kdf /sd k7fpg] ;DalGwt sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
*=

ljljw sf]ifsf] Joj:yfM -!_ k|flws/0fsf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf jf k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{

cfjZos ;'ljwf ;x'lnotx? pknJw u/fpg d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn] cfjZos b]v]sf
ljifodf ;ldltsf] :jLs[ltdf 5'f 5'} sf]ifx?sf] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifsf] nflu vftf vf]Ng] / ;+rfng d'Vo k|zf;sLo
clws[t jf lghn] tf]s]sf] clws[t / n]vf k|d'vsf] ;+o'Qm b:tvtaf6 ;+rfng x'g]5 .

(=

w/f}6L vftfM -!_ s'g} sfdsf] 6'f] gnfu];Dd hdfgt jfkt k|fKt x'g] w/f}6L /sd ;ldltn]
tf]sL lbPsf] afl0fHo a}+sdf w/f}6L vftf vf]nL hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f]sf] clen]v ;d]t /fVg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ pk ljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] w/f}6L vftf k|flws/0fsf] k|wfg sfof{nodf Ps s]Gb|Lo
w/f}6L vftf / k|flws/0fsf] dftxtsf cGo sfof{nodf cfjZostfg';f/ sfof{nout w/f}6L
vf]Ng' kg]{5 .
-#_ w/f}6L vftfsf] ;+rfng sfof{no k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf] clws[t / n]vfk|d'vsf]
;+o'Qm b:tvtaf6 x'g]5 .

-$_ sfof{nout w/f}6L vftfdf /x]sf] /sd dWo] k|flws/0fn] tf]lslbPsf] ;Ldf eGbf
a9L /sd s]Gb|Lo w/f}6L vftfdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhd s]Gb|Lo w/f}6L vftfdf hDdf u/]sf] /sd sfof{nout
vftfaf6 w/f}6L lkmtf{ ug]{ cj:yfdf vftfdf /sd Go"g ePdf s]Gb|Lo w/f}6L vftfaf6 dfu
ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ o;/L /sd dfu ubf{ s]Gb|Lo w/f}6L vftfdf hDdf ug{ k7fPsf] eGbf a9L
/sd dfu ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-^_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] w/f}6L vftfdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] /sdx? /xg]5g\M
-s_ k|flws/0fnfO{{ clu|d ?kdf a'emfpg' kg]{] w/f}6L /sd,
-v_ k|flws/0fn] cfJxfg u/]sf] af]nkq jf lnnfd las|Ldf efu lngsf] nflu clu|d
?kdf k|fKt x'g] w/f}6L /sd,
-u_ k|flws/0f;+u ul/g] s'g} vl/b ;Demf}tf jf s/f/ adf]lhd jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn]
clu|d?kdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ w/f}6L] /sd, /
-3_ k|flws/0f;+u ePsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhd e'QmfgL ubf{ To:tf] ;Demf}tf
cg';f/ sf u/L /flvPsf] /sd -l/6]G;g dlg_ .
-&_ pkljlgod -^_ sf] v08 -v_, -u_ / -3_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu s'g} JolQm, kmd{,
;+:yf jf sDkgLn] a}+s hdfgt k]z u/]sf] ePdf To:tf] JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLsf]
gfd, hdfgt lbg] a}+ssf] gfd, hdfgt /sd, hdfgtsf] dfGo /x]sf] cjlw, hdfgtsf]
lsl;d ;d]t v'Ng] u/L 5'} cg';"rL # adf]lhdsf] clen]v /fvL To:tf] hdfgtsf] lgoldt
cg'udg ug'{ kg]{5 . k|rlnt sfg"g jf ;Demf}tfdf ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd To:tf] hdfgt
hkmt ug'{ kg]{ ePdf ;DjlGwt a}+sdf hdfgt /sd k|flws/0fdf k7fO{ lbg hdfgtsf] dfGo
/x]sf] cjlw leq} k'Ug] u/L bfjL kq k7fpg' kg]{5 . hdfgtsf] dfGo /x]sf] cjlw leq} k'Ug]
u/L ;DjlGwt a}+sdf bfjL kq gk7fO{ k|flws/0fnfO{ xfgL gf]S;fgL x'g] ePdf ;DjlGwt
sd{rf/Laf6 To:tf] hdfgt /sd c;"n pk/ ul/g]5 .
-*_ s'g} sfd ug{ w/f}6L jf hdfgt /fVg' kg]{ eO{ /flvPsf] w/f}6L jf hdfgt To:tf]
sfd k"/f gu/]sf] sf/0fn] P]g, ljlgod, k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd jf sf/f/sf] zt{gfdf
adf]lhd hkmt ug'{ kg]{ ePdf sfof{no k|d'vn] lg0f{o u/L To:tf] w/f}6L jf hdfgtsf] /sd
hkmt u/L k|flws/0fsf] s]Gb|Lo sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd w/f}6L /sd lkmtf{ kfpg] JolQmaf6 k|flws/0fsf] s'g} /sd
c;"n pk/ ug{ afFsL ePdf To:tf] /sd lghn] lkmtf{ kfpg] w/f}6L /sdaf6 s6[f u/L c;"n
pk/ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
10

-!)_ k|flws/0fdf a'fPsf] w/f}6L pk ljlgod -*_ adf]lhd hkmt jf pk ljlgod -(_
adf]lhd s6[f klg gx'g] ePdf To:tf] w/f}6L /sd ;DalGwt JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf
sDkgLnfO lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-!!_ pkljlgod -!)_ adf]lhd w/f}6L /sd lkmtf{ kfpg] JolQm, kmd{ ;+:yf jf
sDkgLn] w/f}6L /sd lkmtf{ lng kfpg] Dofb k|rlnt sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] ePdf ;f]xL cjlwleq,
Dofb gtf]lsPsf]df h'g sfdsf] nflu w/f}6L /flvPsf] xf] ;f] sfd ;DaGwL sf/afO{ clGtd
?kdf ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{ leq w/f}6L /sd lkmtf{ kfpg ;DalGwt sfof{nodf
w/f}6L hDdf u/]sf] k|df0fsf] k|ltlnlk;fy lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ sfof{non] g} sL u/L w/f}6Ldf hDdf u/]sf] /sdsf] xsdf To:tf] k|df0f k]z ug{'
kg]{ 5}g .
-!@_ pkljlgod -!!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb leq w/f}6L lkmtf{ lng gcfPdf jf sfof{nosf]
w/f}6L vftfdf eGbf a}+sdf a9L df}Hbft b]lvPsf] jf s:tf], s'g k|of]hg jfkt w/f}6L /fv]sf]
eGg] :ki6 gePsf] / s;}sf] bfjL ;d]t geO{ Ps jif{b]lv a}+s vftfdf To;} /xL /x]sf] /sd
;DjGwdf w/f}6L /fVg] JolQm, kmd{ ;+:yf jf sDkgLsf] gfd, 7]ufgf, s] jfkt w/f}6L /fv]sf]
xf] ;f] ;a} Joxf]/f tyf w/f}6L vftfdf a9L /sd ;d]t vf]nL ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn]
k}tL; lbg leq k|df0f ;lxt bfaL ug{ cfpg' elg /fli6o b}lgs klqsfdf jf k|flws/0fsf]
j]e;fO{6df ;"rgf k|sflzt ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f] ;dodf klg bfaL ug{ gcfPdf k|flws/0fsf]
s]Gb|Lo sf]ifdf cfDbfgL hgfpg' kg]{5 .
-!#_ k|To]s sfof{non] cfgf] sfof{nosf] w/f}6L vftfdf hDdf ePsf] w/f}6L /sdsf]
sf/f]af/sf] n]vf / JolQmut w/f}6L vftf cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 . ;fy} w/f}6L /sdsf]
5'} a}+s gubL lstfa /fvL] a}+s :6]6d]06 k|fKt u/L ;|]:tfn] b]vfPsf] afFsL /sd / a}+sn]
b]vfPsf] afFsL /sd dfl;s ?kdf le8fO{ lx;fa ldnfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!$_ w/f}6L ;DaGwL clen]vsf] k|lta]bg dfl;s ?kdf tof/ u/L k|flws/0fsf]
;+:yfut ljQLo ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 / Ps cfly{s jif{df afFsL /x]sf] w/f}6L csf]{ cfly{s
jif{df lhDd]jf/L ;fg'{ kg]{5 .
!)=

sfo{ ;+rfng :t/ vftf ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ sfof{non] cfkm\gf] sfof{no /x]sf] 7fp+sf]
:yfgLo a}+sdf 5'6[} sfo{ ;+rfng vftf vf]nL ljlgod !* adf]lhd lgsf;f ePsf] /sdsf]
cfly{s sf/f]jf/ ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L vf]lng] vftfsf] ;+rfng sfof{no k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf]
clws[t / n]vf k|d'vsf] ;+o'Qm x:tfIf/af6 x'g]5 .
11

-@_ 5'} ah]6 gePsf] sfof{nonfO{ sfo{ ;+rfngsf] nflu ;DalGwt sfof{non] :jLs[t
sfo{s|d / ah]6sf] clwgdf /xL cfjZostfg';f/ k]ZsL :j?k r]saf6 /sd pknJw
u/fpg]5 / ;f] /sd a}+s vftfdf hDdf u/L vftf ;+rfng ug'{kg{]5 . o;/L vf]nLg] a}+s
vftfsf] ;+rfng :fDalGwt sfof{no k|d'v / n]vfdf sfd ug]{ al/i6 sd{rf/Lsf] ;+o'Qm
b:tvtaf6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
!!=

lx;fa cBfalws /fVg]M -!_ sfof{non]] o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd vf]n]sf] a}+s vftfsf]
;|]:tfn] b]vfPsf] cfDbfgL vr{sf] lx;fa dfl;s ?kdf a}+s :6]6d]G6;+u le8fg u/L lx;fa
ldnfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ sfof{non] kf}if d;fGt / c;f/ d;fGt;Ddsf] a}+s df}Hbftsf] k|df0f ;lxt b]xfosf
ljj/0f v'n]sf] k|ltj]bg tfn's sfof{nodf kGw| lbg leq k7fpg' kg]{5M
-s_ gub df}Hbftsf] ljj/0f,
-v_ r]s8fkm\6 df}Hbftsf] ljj/0f,
-u_ gubL lstfj cg';f/ b]lvg] gub tyf j}+s df}Hbft le8fg ljj/0fdf efvf
gf3]sf] r]snfO{ cfDbfgL afw]sf] ljj/0f,
-3_ dfu{:y gubsf] ljj/0f /
-_ cGo ljj/0f -ePdf k]z ug]{_

12

kl/R5]b #
aflif{s sfo{s|d tyf ah]6 th'{df ug]{ / :jLs[lt ug]{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!@=

bL3{sfnLg of]hgf tof/ ug{ ;Sg]M -!_ k|flws/0fsf] pb]Zo cg'?k k|flws/0fnfO{ cfufdL
aif{x?df ;+rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf k|flws/0fn] bL3{sfnLg of]hgf tof/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] of]hgf ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .

!#=

aflif{s sfo{s|d / ah]6 k]z ug]M{ -!_ ljlgod !@ adf]lhdsf] of]hgf tof/ ul/Psf] ePdf
;f] of]hgf cg'?k tyf k|flws/0fsf] ljQLo gLlt ljQLo l:yltsf] cfwf/df k|To]s cfly{s aif{
z'? x'g' eGbf tLg dlxgf cufj} ;DalGwt ;a} sfof{no tyf ljefuLozfvf k|d'vx?n]
cfufdL cfly{s aif{df x'g] cfDbfgLsf] cg'dflgt ljj/0f tyf cfufdL cfly{s aif{df
k|flws/0faf6 ;+rfng ;Def/ tyf ljleGg lqmofsnfksf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ nIo lgwf{/0f
u/L n]vf lbUbz{g tyf ;do ;dodf ;ldlt / d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[taf6 lbO{Psf] lgb]{zg
tyf 9fFrf adf]lhd sfo{qmd / cg'dflgt ah]6 tof/ u/L ;DalGwt dxfk|jGws /
pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zssf] sfof{nodf k7fpg' ;a} sfof{no k|d'vsf] st{Jo / pQ/bfloTj x'g]5
.
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt ah]6 ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df dxfk|aGwspksfo{sf/L
lgb]{zsn] cfcfkm\gf] sfof{no / dftxtsf sfof{nosf] PsLs[t jflif{s ah]6 ljj/0f h]7
kGw| ut] leq pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs -cy{_ sf] sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ ;DalGwt
dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zssf] st{Jo / pQ/bfloTj x'g]5 .
-#_ cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] k|:tfljt sfo{s|d tyf ah]6nfO{ pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs -cy{_
n] k|flws/0fsf] p2]Zo, bL3{sfnLg ;+:yfut of]hgf, ljQLo gLlt tyf df}h'bf ljQLo l:yltsf]
cfwf/df cfaZos cWoog, 5nkmn / ;+zf]wg u/L rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] cfiff9 ;ft ut] leq
clGtd?k lbO{ d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t ;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhd k|:tfljt sfo{s|d tyf ah]6 k]z ubf{ rfn' cfly{s
aif{sf] r}q dlxgf;Ddsf] oyfy{ vr{ tyf ef}lts sfo{ k|ultsf] cfwf/df sfo{qmd ;xLt
cg';"rL $ adf]lhd ljj/0f ;d]t ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-%_ d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn] pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] k|:tfljt
sfo{s|d tyf ah]6 cg'dfg cfaZos kl/dfh{g u/L c;f/ kGw| ut] leq :jLs[ltsf] nflu
;ldltdf k]z ug'{k5{ .

!$=

aflif{s sfo{s|d tyf ah]6 :jLs[t ug]{M -!_ ljlgod !# sf] pklgod -%_ adf]lhd k]z
ePsf] aflif{s sfo{s|d / cg'dflgt ah]6nfO{ ;ldltn] k|flws/0fsf] cfly{s / cGo
13

;d;fdlos l:ylt ;d]tsf] cWoog u/L oyfjt ?kdf jf yk36 ;lxt cfiff9 d;fGt leq
:jLs[t ug]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd ah]6 yk36 eO{ aflif{s sfo{s|ddf klg c;/ kg]{
ePdf d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn] ;f]xL adf]lhd sfo{s|d klg ldnfg ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ o; ljlgodsf] kl/lw leq /xL :jLs[t ah]6 tyf sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug]{ ;Dk"0f{
clwsf/ d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tnfO{ x'g]5 .
-$_ k|flws/0fsf] ;|f]taf6 :jLs[t ePsf] s'g} sfof{nosf] s'g} n]vf zLif{ssf] aflif{s
ah]6 tyf sfo{s|d dWo] s'g} sfo{s|d rfn' cfly{s aif{df sfof{Gjog gu/] klg x'g] t/ ah]6
Joj:yf gePsf] cGo s'g} sfo{s|d tTsfn sfof{Gjog gubf{ k|flws/0fnfO{ xfgL gf]S;fgL x'g]
cj:yf ;[hgf ePdf ;f]xL zLif{ssf] s"n ah]6df ga9g] u/L d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn]
sfo{s|d ;+zf]wgsf] :jLst ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhd ePsf] l:js[tLsf] hfgsf/L ;ldltnfO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
!%=

k]ZsL ah]6 :jLs[t ug{ ;lsg]M ;ldltdf sfo{s|d / ah]6 k]z eO{ ljrf/fwLg /xL cfly{s
aif{sf] clGtd lbg ;Dddf ah]6 tyf sfo{s|d :jLs[t x'g g;s]df k|flws/0fsf] b}lgs sfo{
;+rfngsf] nflu k|:tfljt ah]6sf] Ps ltxfO{ /sddf ga9\g] u/L ;ldltn] k]ZsLsf] ?kdf
vr{ ug{ k]ZsL ah]6 :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5 .

!^=

/sdfGt/ ug{ ;lsg]M -!_ ;ldltn] :jLs[t u/]sf] ah]6 dWo] s'g} ah]6 lzif{spklzif{sdf
/sd gk'u x'g uO{ Ps vr{ zLif{saf6 csf]{ vr{ zLif{sdf /sdfGt/ ug'{ k/]df ;f]sf] sf/0f
;lxt d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn] :jLs[ltsf] nflu ;ldltdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ df h'g;s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg b]xfosf vr{ lzif{s
afx]ssf cGo h'g vr{ zLif{sdf yk /sdfGt/ ul/g] xf], ;f] vr{ zLif{sdf ljlgof]lht
/sdsf] kRrL; k|ltzt;Dd d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn]] tyf kGw| k|ltzt;Dd
dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn] Ps vr{ zLif{saf6 csf]{ vr{ zLif{sdf /sdfGt/ ug{
;Sg]5 M
-s_ s'g} ah]6 :jLs[t gePsf] vr{ lzif{sdf,
-v_ k"+hLut vr{ lzif{saf6 ;+rfng ;Def/ vr{ lzif{sdf,
-u_ ;+rfng ;Def/ vr{ lzif{saf6 k"+hLut vr{ lzif{sdf,
-3_ :jLs[t gePsf] b/aGbLsf] tna, eQf / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL vr{ lzif{sdf,
-_ cfly{s ;xfotf, rGbf / k'/:sf/ ;DaGwL vr{ lzif{sdf,
-r_ ;ldltn] ;do ;dodf tf]s]sf] vr{ lzif{sdf,
14

-5_

ljB't pTkfbg s]Gb|sf] lhG;L hu]8f lzif{saf6 cGo vr{ lzif{sdf .

-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn] /sdfGt/ ubf{

cfkm\gf] jf cfkm\gf] cGtu{tsf] sfof{nosf] Ps pkzLif{s leqsf] Ps vr{ zLif{saf6 csf]{
vr{ zLif{sdf /sdfGt/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L cfkm\gf] cGtu{tsf] s'g} Ps sfof{nosf] s'g}
zLif{sdf /sd ckof{Kt ePdf / csf]{ sfof{nosf] ;f]xL zLif{sdf /sd j9L ePdf pk
ljlgod -@_ sf] kl/lwdf /xL To:tf] vr{ zLif{ssf] ah]6 Ps sfof{noaf6 csf]{ sfof{nodf
/sd ;fg{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ Ps k6s h'g ah]6 lzif{spklzif{saf6 /sdfGt/ eO{ ;s]sf] 5 ;f]
lzif{spklzif{sdf /sd gk'u x'g uO{ yk ah]6 dfu ug{ / /sdfGt/ ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-% g]kfn ;/sf/ / k|flws/0fsf] ;+o'Qm nufgLdf ;+rflnt cfof]hgfx?sf] :jLs[t ah]6
/sdfGt/ ubf{ Ps ah]6 zLif{sdf k|fKt /sd csf]{ cfof]hgfsf] ah]6 zLif{sx?df /sdfGt/
ug'{ k/]df phf{ dGqfno dfkm{t cy{ dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{5 .
!&=

k'/s ah]6M :jLs[t aflif{s sfo{s|d sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf ljz]if sf/0f kl/ s'g} ;]jf jf
sfo{sf] nflu vr{ ug{ :jLs[t /sd ckof{Kt x'g] ePdf jf yk sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug{
cTofaZos ePdf jf k|fs[ltsb}ljs sf/0f kg{ uO{ lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;Def/ ug'{ kg]{
ePdf jf ;ldltsf] lg0f{o adf]lhd vr{ x'Fbf ah]6 /sd gk'u eO{ yk /sd cfaZos x'g]
ePdf gk'u x'g uPsf] lj:t[t sf/0f, vr{ Aoxf]g]{ >f]t tyf cg';"rL $ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f
;lxt k"/s ah]6 tof/ u/L :jLs[tLsf] nflu ;ldltdf k]z u/L ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t eP
adf]lhd ug{' kg]{5 .

15

kl/R5]b $
ah]6 /sdsf] lgsf;f tyf vr{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!*=

ah]6 /sdsf] lgsf;fM -!_ k|To]s jif{sf] ah]6 :jLs[t ePsf] ;ft lbg leq d'Vo k|zf;sLo
clws[tn] ;DalGwt dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zssfof{no k|d'vnfO{ :jLs[t sfo{s|d,
/sd ;d]t v'n]sf] ah]6 ljj/0f / vr{ ug]{ u/fpg] clVtof/L kq k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs cy{n] dxfk|aGws sfof{nodf / dxfk|aGws sfof{non]
If]qLo sfof{no / ah]6 s]Gb|x?df tyf If]qLo sfof{non] cfkm" cGt/utsf sfof{nox?df
:jLs[t sfo{s|d, ah]6 / vr{ ug]{ u/fpg] clVtof/L leq /xL ;DalGwt sfof{nonfO{ ah]6
lgsf;f lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ :jLs[t ah]6sf] lgsf;f dfu ug]{ sfof{non] lgsf;f dfu ubf{ ut dlxgf;Ddsf]
;Gt'ng k/LIf0f tyf ;f] ;Gt'ng k/LIf0fdf pNn]lvt vr{ zLif{ssf] cg';"rL ;lxt ah]6
dfu kmf/fd ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 . cfjZos laa/0f ;+nUg gePdf ah]6 lgsf;f /f]Ssf /fVg
;lsg]5 .
-$_ ah]6 /sd lgsf;f lb+bf ah]6 / vr{ tyf sfo{s|dsf] nIo / k|ultnfO{ cfwf/
dflgg]5 .
-%_ rfn" jif{sf] :jLs[t jh]6sf] /sd dfFu ubf{ cfGtl/s jf a}wflgs n]vfk/LIf0fn]
b]vfPsf] a]?h" jf c;"n pk/ ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{ /sdsf] ;DjGwdf s] slt sfof{Gjog ePsf]
5, To;sf] k|ult laa/0f klg ;+nUg x'g' kg]5
{ . lgsf;f lbg] clwsf/Ln] a]?h" km5\of}6sf]
k|ultnfO{ cfwf/ dflg lgsf;f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ rfn" cfly{s jif{leq vr{ x'g g;s]sf] jf+sL /sd pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs -cy{_ n]
cfufdL jif{sf] ah]6 lgsf;fdf ;dfof]hg ug]{ u/L /f]Ssf /fVg jf s]Gb|Lo sf]ifdf hDdf x'g]
u/L lkmtf{ u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-&_ ;fdfGotof c;f/ dlxgfsf] kGw| ut] kl5 k"FhLut ah]6 tyf ;+rfng ;+ef/ ah]6
lgsf;f lbOg] 5}g .
t/ ljB't pTkfbgdf k|of]u x'g] OGwg tyf cGo cfktsfnLg sfo{sf] nflu
tfn's sfof{nosf] :jLs[lt lnP/ lgsf;f dfFu tyf :jLs[lt lbg ;lsg]5 .

!(=

vr{ ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] :jLs[lt ug]{ elg
tf]lsPsf]df ;f]xL adf]lhd / cGosf] xsdf sfof{nosf] :jLs[t aflif{s sfo{s|d, ah]6 /
vr{sf] clVtof/Lsf] kl/lw leq /xL sfof{no k|d'vn] vr{sf] :jLs[lt lbg' kg]{5 .

16

-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] clwsf/L afx]s c? s;}n] klg vr{ ug{, vr{ ug]{
cfb]z lbg] jf vr{ u/]sf] s'/f :jLs[t ug'{ x'+b}g .
-#_ o; ljlgodfnLdf h'g;'s} s'/f pNn]v eP tfklg d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn]
k|flws/0fsf] ljQLo l:ylt larf/ u/L cfjZostfg';f/ :jLs[t ah]6 Pj+ vr{df lgoGq0f ug{
;Sg]5 .
-$_ s'g} klg vr{ ug]{ jf vr{sf] lgsf;f lbg] clwsf/Ln] /sd lgsf;f lbbf jf vr{
ubf{ lgoldttf, ldtJolotf, sfo{bIftf / k|efjsf/Ltfsf] b[li6sf]0fn] b]xfosf s'/fx?df Wofg
lbO{ /sd lgsf;f lbg jf vr{ ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;DalGwt lzif{sdf ah]6 :jLs[t ePsf] 5, / ah]6 jf+sL
5,
-v_ vr{ ug'{ eGbf cl3 vr{ ug]{ cfb]z / lgsf;fsf] cfb]z k|fKt ePsf] 5,
-u_ s'g} gof+ of]hgf jf k"+hLut sfo{qmdsf] /sd eP ;f] of]hgf jf sfo{qmd
:jLs[t eO{ ;s]sf] 5, sfo{qmd cg';f/ lgwf{/Lt ;doleq k|ult ePsf] 5 /
sfdsf] u'0f:t/ / kl/df0f ;Gtf]ifhgs 5,
-3_ ;DalGwt sfd k|flws/0fsf] P]g, ljlgod tyf k|rlnt P]g / lgod adf]lhd
5,
-_ k]z ePsf sfuhftx? /Lt k'u]sf] 5, cfDbfgL vr{sf sndx?sf] k|df0f
k'u]sf] 5 / sf/f]jf/sf] n]vf cBfjlws u/L /flvPsf] 5,
-r_ k|flws/0fsf] ;DklQsf] gubL jf lhG;L nut b'?:t / cBfjlws 5 / xfgL
gf]S;fgL / b'?kof]u x'g gkfpg] u/L ;'k|aGw / ;+/If0f ePsf] 5,
-5_ cfGtl/s lgoGq0fsf] Joj:yf 5 / To;sf] cg'[z/0f ul/Psf] 5,
-h_ cfjlws cfly{s ljj/0fx? ;dodf tof/ ePsf 5g\ / ;dodf k]z x'g] u/]sf
5g\ .
-%_ pkljlgod -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg :jLs[t ah]6 zLif{sdf
ljlgof]hg ePsf] /sd ckof{Kt ePdf jf ah]6 zLif{sdf ;dfj]z gePsf] s'g} sfo{df
tTsfn} vr{ gubf{ k|flws/0fnfO{ yk xfgL gf]S;fgL x'g], a9L b:t'/ ltg'{ kg]{ jf laz]if
kl/l:ylt pTkGg eO{ lgwf{l/t k|s[of canDag ug{ g;lsg] eO{ tTsfn vr{ ug'{ kg]{ ePdf
d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ cGo ah]6 zLif{ssf] /sdaf6 cfjZostfg';f/
vr{ ug{ ;lsg] 5 . k"j{ :jLs[lt lng ;+ej gePdf / tTsfn sfo{ gu/] cem j9L xfgL k'Ug]
ePdf kl5 ;dy{g u/fpg] u/L vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L ul/Psf] vr{sf] hfgsf/L t'?Gt
l56f] ;fwgaf6 d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t / tfn's sfof{nonfO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkljlgod -%_ adf]lhd ePsf] vr{ d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn] ;ldltaf6
cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg]{5 .

17

-&_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhd vr{ ubf{ vr{ ePsf] /sdsf] /l;b, lan e/kfO{x? tyf
cGo k|df0f sfuhftx? sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ u/fpg] clwsf/Laf6 u/L u/fO{ n]vf /fVg' kg]{5 .
-*_ o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd k|flws/0faf6 x'g] vr{sf] s'g} klg e'QmfgL ubf{ ljn
ljhs hf/L ug]{ ;DalGwt JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLnfO{ Psfp06 k]oL r]saf6 l;w}
e'QmfgL ug'{ kg{]5 .
t/ b]xfosf] ca:yfdf qm; r]s jf j]o// r]s f/f e'QmfgL lbg ;lsg]5 M
-s_ krf; xhf/ ?k}of jf ;f] eGbf sd /sd,
-v_ tnj, Hofnf, cf]e/6fOd eQfx? jf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lbO{g] /sd,
-(_ sfof{no k|d'vn] cfly{s sf/f]af/ ubf{ cfgf dftxtsf sd{rf/L pk/ /]vb]v
k'ofO{ sfof{nosf] gub tyf dfn;fdfgdf s'g} lsl;dsf] lxgfldgf, xfgL gf]S;fgL jf
nfk/jfxL x'g gkfpg] u/L ;'/lIft /fVg plrt k|aGw ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!)_ :jLs[t ah]6sf] kl/lw leq /xL clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ cltly
;Tsf/ vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-!!_ k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] cf}iflw pkrf/ tyf 3/ labfsf];'ljwf ;DaGwL vr{sf]
:jLs[lt lbg] clwsf/ ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ x'g]5 .
-!@_ k|flws/0faf6 lbO{g] bz xhf/ ?k}of ;Ddsf] rGbf pkxf/ tyf lj1fkg vr{sf]
:jLs[lt d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[taf6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
@)=

cfly{s sf/f]jf/ ubf{ k/fdz{ lng' kg]{M -!_ o; ljlgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
ePtf klg cfly{s sf/f]jf/ ubf{ sfof{no k|d'vn] n]vf k|d'v;+u k/fdz{ lng' kg]{5 .
-@_ cfly{s sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ubf{ sfof{no k|d'v / n]vf k|d'vsf] aLrdf dte]b
ePdf sfof{no k|d'vsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ ug'{ kg]{5 .

@!=

;fgf] gubL sf]if /fVg ;lsg]M -!_ k|flws/0fsf] b}lgs sfo{ ;+rfng ubf{ ;fgfltgf ckem{6
sfo{{sf] e'QmfgL r]s f/f ug{ ;Dej gePdf gub} e'QmfgL lbgsf] nflu sfof{non] tf]sL
lbPsf] sd{rf/Lsf] lhDdfdf /xg] / gLhn] ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vsf] l:js[ltdf ;+rfng
ug]{ u/L a9Ldf krf; xhf/ ?k}of;Ddsf] ;fgf] gubL sf]if v8f ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ ;fgf] gubL sf]if ;+rfng ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s dlxgfsf] clGtd lbgdf lan ekf{O{
tyf cfaZos k|df0f sfuhft n]vf zfvfdf k]z u/L ;f]wegf{ dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .

18

t/ To:tf] sf]ifdf kf+r xhf/ ?k}+of eGbf sd /sdsf] ;lGrlt ePdf cGo
lbgx?df ;d]t lan ekf{O{ tyf cfaZos k|df0f sfuhft k]z u/L ;f]wegf{ dfu
ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd ;f]wegf{ dfu eP kl5 n]vf zfvfaf6 ;fgf] gubL
sf]ifsf] clen]v, k]z ePsf] lan, ekfO{ tyf k|df0f sfuhft hfFr u/L ;f] sf]ifaf6 ePsf]
vr{sf] ;f]wegf{ ljlgod !( sf] pkljlgod -$_ sf] clwgdf /xL lbg' kg{]5 .
-$_ ;fgf] gubL sf]ifsf] lhDdf lng] sd{rf/Ln] n]vf zfvfaf6 k|fKt ePsf] /sd /
ePsf] vr{ k|i6 b]lvg] u/L ljj/0f /fVg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifaf6 s'g} k]ZsL lbg kfO{g] 5}g / cfly{s aif{sf]
cGtdf ;f] sf]ifsf] lx;fa aGb u/L km/kmf/s ug'{ kg]{5 .
@@=

ah]6 sfof{Gjog k|ult ;dLIffM -!_ ah]6 sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|To]s sfof{non] rf}dfl;scw{
aflif{s cjlw ;dfKt ePsf] kGw| lbg leq sfo{ k|ult laa/0f tof/ u/L sfof{no k|d'v
cfkm}n] cg'udg u/L To;sf] hfgsf/L tfn's sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ ljefuIf]qLo sfof{non] cfkm\gf] nufot dftxt sfof{nox?sf] rf}dfl;scw{
aflif{s ah]6 sfof{Gjog ;dLIff rf}dfl;scw{ aflif{s cjlw ;dfKt ePsf] PSsfO; lbg
leq ;DjlGwt dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zssf] sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn] cw{jflif{s ?kdf df3 d;fGt leq / jflif{s
?kdf cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] tL; lbg leq :jLs[t jflif{s ah]6 / oyfy{ vr{x?sf]
;dLIff u/L ;f]sf] ljj/0f d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ ;+:yfut ljQLo ljefun] ah]6 / oyfy{ vr{, k"FhLut nufgL ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg
pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs -cy{_ ;dIf cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] rfnL; lbg leq k]z ug'{ kg]{5
.
-%_ :jLs[t ah]6 / vr{sf] k|ult laa/0f pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs -cy{_ n] / ef}lts
nIo / k|ult laa/0f s]lGb|Lo :t/sf] of]hgf cg'udg lgsfon] ;dLIffsf] nflu d'Vo
k|zf;sLo clws[t ;dIf cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] k}tfnL; lbg leq k]z ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
-^_ jh]6 sfof{Gjog k|ult ;dLIff ug{] k|To]s sfof{non] cw{jflif{s tyf jflif{s ?kdf
-k"/s cg'dfg k]z ug'{ cufl8_ sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf sfo{qmd / yk ePsf gofF sfo{qmdnfO{
nfe / nfutsf] cfwf/df k'g k|fyldstf tf]sL k7fpg' kg]{5 .

19

kl/R5]b %
n]vf, n]vfk/LIf0f / a]?h' km5\f}{6 ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@#=

n]vf l;4fGt, n]vfdfg, n]vf+sg ljlw / ljQLo ljj/0fM -!_ k|flws/0fsf] cfly{s sf/f]jf/sf]
n]vf+sg ;ldltn] ;do ;dodf lgb]{zg u/]sf] n]vf+sg gLlt, ;j{dfGo n]vfsf] l;fGt,
g]kfn n]vfdfg (Nepal Accounting Standards) / n]vf lbUbz{g cg';f/ k|f]befjL cfwf/df
(Accural basis) /fVg' kg]{5M
-@_ k|flws/0fn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd cfly{s sf/f]jf/sf]] n]vf / lx;fa laB'tLo
dfWoddf /fVg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ k|flws/0fsf] sf/f]jf/sf] l;nl;nfdf ePsf] cfDbfgL vr{sf] lx;fa tyf w/f}6L,
lhG;Lsf] lx;fa :ki6 b]lvg] u/L tyf n]vfdf le8g] sfuhftx? ;d]t l;nl;nfa /
cBfjlws?kdf /Lt k"j{ssf] n]vf /fVg] st{Jo / pQ/bfoLTj sfof{no k|d'v tyf n]vf
k|d'vsf] x'g]5 .
-$_ k|To]s sfof{non] cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] k}tL; lbgleq;Gt'ng k/LIf0f (Trial
Balance) / ;f] ;+u ;DjlGwt cg';"rL, ljQLo laa/0f / Joj;fo;Fusf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg
;Demf}tf cg';f/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgsf] nflu lglb{i6 u/]sf] ljQLo ;"rgf ljj/0f ;d]t
;+nUg u/L tfn's sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ k|To]s sfof{non] cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] b]xfP cg';f/ n]vfjGbL ug'{ kg]{5MM
-s_ j}+s tyf gub lx;fjM
-c_ k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] cfiff9 d;fGt;Ddsf] gub tyf a}+s vftfsf]
lx;fa,
-cf_ ;fwf/0ftof k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] cfiff9 kRrL; ut] cufl8 g} k|To]s
sfof{non] sfo{ ;+rfng vftfaf6 e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{ /sd e'QmfgL lbO{
sf/f]jf/ jGb ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] ;do kl5 klg sfof{nonfO{ clt cfjZos
sfd k/L vr{ ug'{ k/]df tfn's sfof{nosf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-v_ lhG;L sf/f]jf/M k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf]] cfiff9 kRrL; ut] cufl8 g} ;DjlGwt
sfof{non] lhG;L vr{ tyf cfDbfgL sf/f]jf/ jGb u/L cfiff9 d;fGt leq
lhG;L n]vf cWofjlws u/L ;Sg'[ kb{5 .

20

t/ l8h]n kfj/xfp;af6 ljB't pTkfbg ug{sf] nflu cfjZos x'g] OGwg

cfDbfgL vr{ ug{ / clt cfjZos jf cfktsfnLg sfo{sf] nflu of] Aoj:yf
nfu" x'g] 5}g\ .
-u_ cfly{s sf/f]jf/ n]vf+sgM rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] cfly{s sf/f]jf/sf] lng'kg]{
lbg'kg]{ lx;fj tyf vr{ Aoj:yf ug'{ kg]{ n]vf+sg tyf clen]vg rfn"
jif{leq g} ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
-^_ k|To]s sfof{non] lnnfd ljqmL jf ldGxf ePsf] l:y/ ;DklQsf] ;dfof]hg l:y/
;DklQ /lhi6/df / ;fdfgsf] xsdf lhG;L n]h/df cBfjlws u/fO{ /fVg' kg]{5 .
-&_ k|To]s sfof{non] rfn" jif{sf] k"FhLut sfo{ dWo] ;DkGg x'g jf+sL /x]sf] sfdsf]
/sd ;xLtsf] sfo{qmdut laa/0f / k|lttkq vf]lnPsf] jf vl/b cfb]z eO{ cfpg jfFsL
/x]sf ;fdfgsf] df]n ;lxt ljj/0f tof/ u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
@$=

s]Gb|Lo n]vf tyf ljQLo laa/0f M -!_ k|To]s Joj;fon] lglb{i6 ;odd} ;Gt'ng k/LIf0f,
ljQLo ljj/0f / cfjlws n]vf ljj/0f ;f] cjlw ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq /
jflif{s n]vfsf] laa/0f cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] k}tL; lbgleq d'Vo k|zf;lso
clws[t ;dIf pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ k|To]s Joj;fon] g]kfn n]vfk/LIf0fdfgn] tf]s] adf]lhd n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{ ug]{
argkq (Audit Engagement Letter) ;xL u/L n]vfk/LIf0fsf] nflu ljQLo ljj/0f tof/
ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lng' kg]{5 .
-#_ k|To]s Joj;fon] cfcfkm\gf] ljQLo laa/0f -jf;nft, gfkmf gf]S;fg lx;fj, gub
k|jfx laa/0f, :jfldTj sf]if kl/jt{g l:ylt laa/0f / n]vf+sg l6Kk0fL_ cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt
ePsf] b'O{ dlxgfleq d'Vo k|zf;lso clws[tnfO{ pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ k|To]s Joj;fon] pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] cfkm\gf] ljQLo laa/0f pknJw
u/fpFbf g]kfn n]vfk/LIf0fdfgn] tf]s] adf]lhd Joj:yfkg :jLsf/ kq (Management
Representation Letter) ;d]t ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ k|To]s Joj;foaf6 k|fKt cfjlws ljQLo ljj/0f / ljQLo Joj:yfkg ;"rgfsf]
cfwf/df k|flws/0fsf] ljQLo ljj/0f pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs -cy{_ n] ;dLIff tyf l;+xfjnf]sg
u/L d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t ;dIf k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

21

-^_ k|To]s Joj;foaf6 k|fKt cfjlws ljQLo laa/0f ;d]tsf] cfwf/df n]vf ljefun]
k|flws/0fsf] rf}dfl;s ljQLo laa/0f, rf}dfl;s cjlw ;dfKt ePsf] csf]{ dlxgf leq tof/
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgf leq n]vf ljefun] k|yd d:of}bf
ul/Psf] k|flws/0fsf] ljQLo laa/0f n]vfk/LIfs ;dIf k]z ul/ ;Sg' kg]{5 .
-*_ k|To]s Joj;fon] cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] k}tL; lbgleq b]xfosf ljifodf jflif{s
sfo{;Dkfbg k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L d'Vo k|zf;lso clwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf] clwsf/L ;dIf k]z ug'{
k5{M
-s_ k"FhLut Pj+ ;+rfng ;+ef/ ah]6 ;Fu oyf{y vr{df ePsf] km/s ljZn]if0f,
-v_ dftxtsf sfof{nosf] lg/LIf0f cg'udg tyf sfo{;Dkfbgsf] ;dLIff u/]sf]
ljj/0f,
-u_ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fsf] d'Vo s}lkmot / ;f]df ePsf] ;'wf/sf] l:ylt,
-3_ ljut aif{sf] clGtd n]vfk/LIfssf] d'Vo s}lkmot / ;f]df ePsf] ;'wf/sf]
l:ylt,
-_ sd{rf/LnfO{ b08 ;hfo / k'/:sf/ lbPsf] laa/0f,
-r_ sd{rf/L :jLs[t b/jGbL / sfo{/t laa/0f, /
-5_ cfly{s jif{df ePsf d'Vo d'Vo ljQLo, k|fljlws tyf k|zf;lgs ;'wf/ ul/Psf]
sfo{sf] laa/0f .
@%=

n]vf / n]vfsf] ljj/0f bflvnf ug]{ ;doM k|To]s sfof{nosf] lhDd]jf/ JolQmn] cfDbfgL vr{
tyf w/f}6Lsf] ljQLo sf/f]jf/sf] n]vfsf] ljj/0f o; ljlgoddf ;do tf]lsPsf] ePdf ;f]xL
adf]lhd / gtf]lsPsf] ePdf b]xfosf] ;dodf pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs -cy{_ ;dIf bflvnf
u/L ;Sg' kg]{5M
-s_ dfl;s n]vfsf] ljj/0f dlxgf e'Qmfg ePsf] kGw| lbg leq,
-v_ jflif{s n]vfsf] ljj/0f cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] PssfO{; lbg leq,
-u_ o; ljlgodfjnLdf pNn]v eP afx]ssf ljj/0f tyf k|lta]bgx? Dffu ug]{ clwsf/Ln]
tf]s]sf] 9fFrf / Dofb leq .

@^=

cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnLM sfof{non] cfkm" tyf dftxtsf] sfof{nosf] ljlQo ;"rgfsf]
ljZj;lgotf tyf OdfGbf/Ltf, P]g lgod tyf sfo{ljlwsf] kfngf, ;DklQsf] ;'/Iff tyf
;+/If0f sfo{ ;+rfngdf ldtAolotf, p2]Zo tyf nIo xfl;n ug{sf] nflu ;'b[9 cfGtl/s
lgoGq0f k|0ffnL Aoj:yf ug'{kg]{5 . o;sf] nflu k|0ffnLut lgoGq0f / k|lqmofut lgoGq0fsf]
Aoj:yf ug'{k5{ .

22

@&=

n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltM -!_ ;ldltn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Ps n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt u7g ug]{5 M
-s_ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] ;b:o
-v_ n]vf Aoj;fodf bz jif{ b]lv ;+nUg /x]sf] :jtGq
rf6{8{ Psfp06]G6
-u_ pmhf{ If]q;Fu ;DalGwt :jtGq k|fljlws ljz]if1

cWoIf
;b:o
;b:o

-@_ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fsf] k|d'vn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] ;lrasf]

sfo{ ug]{5 .
-#_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] a}7sdf d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t, cy{n]vf k|d'v tyf cGo
;Da4 kbflwsf/LnfO{ cfdlGqtsf] ?kdf af]nfpg ;lsg]5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd ul7t n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/
b]xfP adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_ k|flws/0fsf] n]vf tyf ljQLo ljj/0fx? -lkmgflG;on :6]6d]G6_ sf]
k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ / To:tf ljj/0fx?df plNnlvt tYosf] ;Totf olsg ug]{,
-v_ k|flws/0fsf] cfGtl/s ljQLo lgoGq0f k|0ffnL -OG6/gn lkmgfG;Lon sG6f]n
l;i6d_ tyf hf]lvd Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL -l/:s Dofg]hd]G6 l;i6d_ sf]
k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{,
-u_ k|flws/0fsf] a}wflgs n]vfk/LIf0f, sfo{;Dkfbg n]vfk/LIf0f, s/ n]vfk/LIf0f,
cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fn] hgfOPsf] s}lkmotx?df km5\of}6 ePsf] k|ultsf] ;dLIff
ug],{
-3_ k|flws/0fsf] n]vfk/LIfsn] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwL sfo{ ubf{ kfngf ug'{ kg]{
k|rlnt sfg"g, clwsf/k|fKt lgsfon] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] cfr/0f, dfkb08 tyf
lgb]{lzsf kfng u/] jf gu/]sf] s'/fsf] /]vb]v tyf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{,
-_ k|flws/0fsf] n]vf, ljQLo Joj:yf tyf n]vfk/LIf0fsf] ;DaGwdf ;~rfns
;ldltn] tf]lslbPsf] cGo sfo{ ug],{
-r_ n]vf+sg gLltx? g]kfn n]vfdfgx?sf] cg'z/0f u/LPsf] / n]vfdfg k"0f{ kfngf
ul/Psf] cg'udg ug]{,
-5_ k|flws/0fsf] cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnLsf] ;dLIff u/L pko'Qm ;'emfjx?
;ldltdf k]z ug]{,
-h_ k|flws/0fsf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fsf] sfo{x?sf] cg'udg / ;dLIff ug]{,
-em_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltn] cfkmgf] sfd st{Jo k"/f ug{sf] nflu clws[t sd{rf/Lx?
tyf n]vfk/LIfsx?;Fu s'g} klg ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L dfUg ;Sg],
-`_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltn] cfkmgf] sfd st{Jo k"/f ug{ k]zfljbx?sf] k/fd{z ;]jf
lng ;Sg,

23

-6_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltn] cfkmgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg k|ltj]bg sDtLdf aif{sf] b'O{ k6s
;ldltdf k]z ug]{ .
-%_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] cfGtl/s sfo{ljlw cfkm} lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
-^_ ;fdfGotof n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] sfo{ cjlw b'O{ aif{sf] x'g]5 t/
k'g csf]{ Psk6s sfo{cjlw yk ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-&_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] eQf tyf ;'ljwfx? ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
@*=

cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ k|flws/0fdf pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs k|d'v /xg]
u/L cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ 5'} sfof{no /xg]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIfssf] If]qflwsf/, sfd st{Jo tyf
pQ/bfloTj b]xfP adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_ k|flws/0fsf] sfo{;+rfng ;'wf/ ug{sf] nflu n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] sfof{nosf]
d"Nof+g u/L ;'emfj ;xLt k|ltj]bg lbg],
-v_ cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnLsf] hfFr / d"Nof+g u/L ;Nnfx tyf ;'emfj ;xLt
k|ltj]bg lbg],
-u_ k|flws/0fsf sf/f]jf/sf] x'g ;Sg] hf]lvd (Risk issues) sf] hfFr k/LIf0f u/L
;dfwfg ug]{ ;Nnfx lbg],
-3_ P]g, ljlgod, gLlt / lgb]{zgsf] cg'z/0f eP gePsf] (Compliance) klxrfg
u/L ;'emfj ;xLtsf] k|ltj]bg lbg], /
-_ sfo{;Dkfbgdf dLtAolotf, sfo{bIftf / k|efjsf/Ltf eP gePsf] d"Nofg
u/L ;'emfj ;lxt k|ltj]bg lbg] .
-#_ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIfsn] n]vf+sg / clen]vg z'4tf / cBfjlwstf hfFr ug]{
qmddf b]xfP cg';f/sf] sfo{ ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ cfGtl/s ljB't ljqmL tyf ljB't lgof{tsf] lgoGq0f lx;fj;+u ;xfos
lx;fjsf] n]vf+sg clen]vg k"0f{ ?kdf cBfjlws /flvPsf] 55}g,
-v_ lgoGq0f vftf / ;xfos vftf dfl;s ?kdf ldnfg tyf cBfjlws ul/Psf]
55}g,
-u_ n]vf zLif{s tflnsf (Chart of Accounts) cg';f/ cfo, gub, k]ZsL, cfzfdL,
nufgL, lhG;L, l:y/ ;DklQ, k"FhLut sfo{ k|ult, z]o/ k"FhL, C0f, bfloTj,
Joj:yf lx;fj cflbsf] n]vf+sg g]kfn n]vfdfg / ;j{dfGo n]vfs+g l;4fGt /
Jojxf/ cg';f/ n]vf Pj+ cGo sfuhft lgoldt / k|fdfl0fs ?kdf /flvPsf]
55}g,

24

-3_ l:y/ ;DklQ /lhi6/ tyf clen]v / ef}lts k/LIf0f, k"FhLut vr{ / ;f] sf]
ef}lts k/LIf0f, ;+rfng ;+ef/ vr{, lhG;L cfDbfgL tyf vr{sf] n]vf+sg tyf
clen]v n]vf k|0ffnLsf]] n]vf lbUbz{g cg';f/ /fVg] ul/Psf] 55}g .
-_ q}dfl;s tyf cw{jflif{s ?kdf cGt/ zfvf lx;fj ldnfg ePsf] k|df0f
55}g, /
-r_ dfl;s ?kdf / cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf a}s lx;fasf] v'b df}Hbft / a}+s
df}Hbftsf] ldnfg lx;fa tof/ u/L b'?:t /flvPsf] 5, 5}g .
-$_ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm ;DalGwt P]g, lgod tyf
ljlgodfjnL kfngfsf] lgoldttfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{ ul/g]5 . lgoldttf kfngfsf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fsf] k/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ k|flws/0fsf ljlgodfjnLsf] kfngf ePsf] 55}g,
-v_ g]kfn;/sf/sf] k|rlnt P]g, lgod / sfg"gsf] kfngf ePsf] 55}g,
-u_ k"FhLut tyf ;+rfng ;+ef/ vr{ ljlgof]lht n]vf zLif{spkzLif{s cGtu{t
:jLs[t ePsf] /sd dfq vr{ ug{ lgsf;f ePsf] xf], xf]Og / ;f] cg';f/ vr{
u/]sf] 55}g,
-3_ To;/L lgsf;f ePsf /sd ;f]xL k|of]hgsf] nflu vr{ u/]sf] 55}g,
-_ /sd vr{ ubf{ P]g, ljlgodfjnL tyf gLlt, lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ePsf] 5, 5}g /
cfDbfgL vr{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ oy]i6 k|df0f 55}g,
-r_ vr{ ubf{ b'?kof]u x'g gkfpg] / cfly{s cg'zf;g kfng x'g] lsl;dn] kof{Kt
Joj:yf u/]sf] 55}g,
-5_ ;+:yfut jf JolQmut k]ZsL lb+bf cjlw tf]lsPsf] 5, 5}g / ;f] tf]lsPsf]
cjlw leq k]ZsL km5\of}{6 u/]sf] 55}g, /
-h_ :jLs[t af]nkqsf] sfuhft adf]lhd :k]lzlkms]zg / 9f+rf adf]lhd sfo{
ePsf] 55}g .
-%_ sfo{ ;+rfng n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fsf] k/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ lgoldttf, dLtJolotf, sfo{bIftf, k|efjsf/Ltf / cf}lrTotfsf] cfwf/df sfo{
;+rfng ePsf] 55}g,
-v_ sfof{noaf6 ul/g] lg/LIf0f / cg'udgsf] Joj:yf k|efjsf/L 55}g,
-u_ d"No, nfut cg'dfgsf] oy]i6 k'i6\ofO{ ug]{ sfuhftsf] cfwf/df 55}g,
-3_ lg/f]wfTds dd{t Aoj:yf cg';f/sf] dd{t ;Def/ sfo{ ePsf] 55}g,
-_ sfo{ ;+rfng ;Dkfbgsf] nflu sfo{ of]hgf sfo{qmd tof/ u/L sfo{ eO{ /x]sf]
55}g, /
-r_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg dfgx? / gD;sf] kfngf ePsf] 55}g .
-^_ Joj:yfkg n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fsf] k/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{5 M
25

-s_ Joj:yfksLo of]hgf, gLlt, sfo{ljlw, sfo{qmd / nIo to ePsf] 55}g /

eP ;f] cg';f/ sfo{ ePsf] 55}g, .
-v_ dfn;fdfg vl/b of]hgf tof/ ul/Psf] 55}g vl/b ul/Psf] ;fdfg slt
vkt / df}Hbft l:ylt /x]sf 5g\,
-u_ sfof{nosf] ;+u7g ;+/rgf, kb, sfo{ ljj/0f / clwsf/ tyf hjfkmb]lxtf
:ki6 55}g, /
-3_ dftxt sfof{nosf] lg/LIf0f cg'udg tyf sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] ;dLIff ug]{
ul/Psf] 55}g .
-&_ k|fljlws n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fsf] k/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ cfof]hgf nufot cGo sfof{nosf] lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;Def/sf] dxTjk"0f{
k|fljlws sfo{sf] gd{;, :t/ lgwf{/0f, dd{t sfo{tflnsf to ul/Psf] 55}g,
to u/LPsf] eP ;f]sf] ;d;fdlos kl/dfh{g tyf sfof{Gjog ePsf] 55}g,
-v_ ef}lts ;fwgsf] plrt k|of]u 55}g,
-u_ ef}lts ;fwgsf] lg/f]wfTds dd{t ;Def/ tf]lsPsf] tflnsf cg'?k ePsf]
55}g, /
-3_ ef}lts ;fwgsf] IftL tyf b"3{6gf ePsf] eP ;f]sf] sf/0f clen]vg /
k|ltj]bg lbPsf] 55}g .
-*_ s/ n]vf k/LIf0f ubf{ k|rlnt cfly{s P]g / cfos/ P]g cg';f/ s/ sL, e'QmfgL
/ clen]v ePsf] 55}g .
-(_ pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zsssf] sfof{no cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fsf] sfd st{Jo tyf pQ/
bfloTj pk/f]Qm pNn]lvt ePsf] cltl/Qm b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fsf] ljut s}lkmotdf ;'wf/ ePsf] l:ylt, rfn' s}lkmotsf]
jlu{s[t l:ylt, clgoldt sf/f]jf/sf] k|s[lt, c;'n pk/ ug'{ kg]{ /sdsf]
laa/0f / e|i6frf/, d:of}}6 tyf lxgfldgf ePsf sf/f]jf/sf] ;dLIff ;d]t
ePsf] tTsfn / bL3{sfnLg ?kdf ug'{ kg]{ sf/afxLsf] ;DaGwdf ;'emfa
;lxtsf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fsf] k|ltj]bg k|To]s rf/rf/ dlxgfdf
n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt tyf d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t ;dIf k]z ug]{,
-v_ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fsf] :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{qmd cg';f/ sfof{nosf]
n]vfk/LIf0f s}lkmotsf] k|ltj]bg PsPs k|lt hfgsf/L tyf sf/jfxLsf] nflu
pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs -cy{_ ;DalGwt dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zsnfO{
pknJw u/fpg],

26

-u_ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ sfo{ut dfu{ lgb]{zg tyf cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{
k|lqmof pknJw u/fpg] / sfo{sf] u'0f:t/ j[l4 ug{ lgb]{zg lbg],
-3_ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgsf] If]qut ;dLIff tyf l;+xfjnf]sg u/L d'Vo
d'Vo ;f/e"t s'/fx? d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t ;dIf k]z x'g] k|ltj]bgdf
;dfj]z ug]{,
-_ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIfssf] 1fg, zLk j9fpg], tfnLd uf]i7L ;]ldgf/ sfo{qmd
tof/ u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu d'Vo k|zf;lso clws[tnfO{ k]z ug]{,
-r_ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg pk/ sf/jfxL sfof{Gjog eP gePsf] cg'udg
u/L d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t ;dIf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{, /
-5_ cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0f ePsf] ljifodf a}wflgs n]vfk/LIf0fn] ;f/e"t?kdf
a]?h' cf}NofOPsf] v08df hjfkmb]lx x'g] .
-!)_ cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0f x'+bf ;f]lwPsf s'/fx?sf] hjfkm ;DjlGwt clwsf/Ln] ;f]xL
;dodf g} lbg' kg]{5 . To:tf] hjfkm ;dodf k]z ug{ g;Sg] egL Dofb yk dfu u/]df /
dgfl;j dflkmssf] sf/0f ePdf d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn] cfjZostf cg';f/ Dofb yk
u/L lbg ;Sg]5 .
-!!_ cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf a]?h' tyf q'6Lx? a}wflgs n]vf k/LIf0f x'g'
eGbf klxn] g} cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0faf6 pNn]v eP adf]lhd c;"n pk/, lgoldt jf
cfaZos k|df0f sfuhft k]z u/L n]vf cBfjlws ug'{ kg]{5 . a}wflgs n]vf k/LIf0f
k|lta]bg k|fKt eP kl5 cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] a]?h' sfod /xg] 5}g .
-!@_ k|flws/0fsf ls|ofsnfkx?nfO{ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg;+u cfj4 ug{ pksfo{sf/L
lgb]{zs cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0fn] Ps ;+:yfut hf]lvd Joj:yfkg O{sfO{ (Enterprize Risk
Management Unit) u7g ug'{ kg]{5 .
@(=

s/ n]vfk/LIf0fM sfof{non] cfly{s P]g tyf cfos/ P]g adf]lhd s/ n]vfk/LIf0fsf] nflu
cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] k}tL; lbgleq s/ n]vfk/LIf0fsf sfuhft tyf cfjZos n]vf
ljj/0fx? tof/ u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 .

#)=

sfo{;Dkfbg n]vfk/LIf0fM -!_ k|To]s Joj;fosf] cfiff9 / kf}if dlxgf ;Ddsf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf]
d"Nofg ug{ sfo{;Dkfbg n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpgsf] nflu d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn]
n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .

27

-@_ sfo{;Dkfbg n]vfk/LIf0f tf]lsPsf] ;doleq ;DkGg ug]{ u/fpg] pQ/bfloTj

;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v / n]vf k|d'vdf /xg]5 .
#!=

ljz]if jf cfsl:ds n]vf k/LIf0f jf 5fgljg u/fpg ;Sg]M k|flws/0fsf sfd sf/afxLx?
P]g, lgod, ljlgodfjnL / lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd eP gePsf] ;'lglZrt ug{ k|flws/0fsf]
sd{rf/Lf/f jf c? s'g} ljz]if1nfO{ s/f/df sfd nufO{ d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn] ljz]if
jf cfsl:ds n]vf k/LIf0f jf 5fgljg u/fpg ;Sg]5 .

#@=

a}wflgs n]vfk/LIf0fM -!_ P]g cg';f/ lgo'Qm n]vfk/LIfsf/f k|flws/0fsf] a}wflgs

n]vfk/LIf0f x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] a}wflgs n]vfk/LIf0fsf] k|ltj]bg cfly{s jif{ Joltt ePsf]
5 dlxgf leq ;ldltdf k|fKt x'g] u/L n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg u/fpg] Joj:yf d'Vo k|zf;sLo
clws[tn] ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] k}tL; lbg leq k|To]s sfof{non] j}wflgs n]vfk/LIf0f /
s/ n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg] k|of]hgsf nflu jflif{s lx;fj lstfjsf] n]vf+sg tyf clen]vg k"0f{
?kn] tof/ u/L cBfjlws /fVg' kg]{5 .
-$_ a}wflgs n]vfk/LIf0f ug{sf] nflu ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v / n]vf k|d'vn]
n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ ;dodf n]vf ;DaGwL ;j} clen]v tyf sfuhft h'g;'s} jvt x]g{ lbg'
kg]{5 / n]vfk/LIf0fsf] l;nl;nfdf n]vfk/LIfsn] ;f]w]sf] / vf]h]sf] laa/0f oyfzL3| pknAw
u/fO{ j]?h" x'g glbg] Aoj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ n]vfk/LIf0fsf] ;dodf sfof{no k|d'v / n]vf k|d'vsf] pkl:ylt clgjfo{ x'g' kg]{5
.
-^_ a}wflgs n]vfk/LIf0fn] clGtd k|ltj]bg lbg' cl3 g} sfof{non] k|f/lDes
k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf j]?h" ;s];Dd ;Dk/LIf0f u/fO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 .

##=

a]?h" km5\o}{f6 tyf cg'udg Joj:yf M -!_ pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs, cy{sf] sfof{non] s/
n]vfk/LIfs, cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIfs, sfo{;Dkfbg n]vfk/LIfs, ljz]if jf cfsl:ds n]vf
k/LIfs tyf a}wflgs n]vfk/LIfsaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k|fKt eP kl5 ;DalGwt
pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zsdxfk|jGwsnfO{ pQm n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg t'?Gt pknAw u/fpg'
kb{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd ;DjlGwt dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn] cfkm" /
cGtu{tsf sfof{nonfO{ k}tL; lbg leq} pQm k|ltj]bgdf pNn]lvt a]?h"sf] k|s[lt / hl6ntf
x]/L k'/s k|df0f k]z ug'{ kg]{ ePdf cfjZos k'/s k|df0f k]z ug]{, lgoldt ug'{ kg]{ ljifo
ePdf sf/0f vf]nL lgoldttfsf] nflu k7fpg] / c;"n pk/ g} ug'{ kg]{ eP To;sf] lj:t[t
28

ljj/0f ;lxt pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs -cy{_ df k7fpg' kg]{5 . lgwf{l/t cjlw ckof{Kt eO{
yk cjlw dfu ePdf a}wflgs n]vfk/LIf0fsf] ;do ;d]t Vofn u/L pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs cy{_ n] dgfl;a dflkmssf] cjlw a9fpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ n]vf k/LIf0fjf6 cf}NofOPsf j]?h'x?sf] ;DjGwdf cfjZos b]lvPdf
dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn] ;DjlGwt lhDd]jf/ JolQmnfO{ kGw| lbgsf] Dofb lbO{
:kli6s/0f dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf] :kli6s/0f dfu ePdf ;dodf g} k|ltpQ/ ;d]t k7fO{
a]?h' km5\of}6 ug'{ ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] k'i6\ofO{ / k|df0f k|fKt x'g cfPkl5 pksfo{sf/L
lgb]{zs -cy{_ n] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sf/afxL ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{5M
-s_ e|i6frf/, d:of}6 jf lxgfldgf ePsf] jfx]s c? s}lkmot jf j]?h' lgoldt
ug{sf] nflu n]vfsf l;4fGt, gLlt, n]vfdfg, n]vf lbUbz{g, ljlgod jf
kl/kq adf]lhd vr{ ubf{ ;fdfGo /Lt gk'ofPsf] / o;af6 k|flws/0fnfO{
s'g} xfgL gf]S;fgL ePsf] gb]lvPsf a]?h"sf] xsdf pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs cy{_ sf] l;kmfl/;df d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[taf6 lgoldt u/fO{ km5\of}{6 ug{
u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
t/ d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t;+u ;DalGwt a]?h' tyf ;ldltsf] clwsf/
If]q ;DalGwt a]?h'sf] xsdf d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tsf] l;kmfl/z;fy ;ldlt
;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-v_ v08 -s_ jdf]lhd ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ePsf] Joxf]/f ;ldltn] hfFRbf dgfl;j
b]v]df jf k|flws/0fnfO{ xfgL gf]S;fgL ePsf] gb]lvPdf ;ldltn] lgoldt u/L
lbg ;Sg]5 .
-u_ c;"n pk/ ug'{ kg]{ 7xl/Psf] j]?h'sf] xsdf lhDd]jf/ JolQmnfO{ c;"n ug'{
kg]{ /sd j'emfpg k}tL; lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ ;"rgf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-3_ v08 -u_ jdf]lhdsf] Dofb leq j'emfpg' kg]{ /sd j'emfpg g;Sg] pko'Qm
sf/0f ;lxt ;DjlGwt lhDd]jf/ JolQmn] ;f]xL ;do leq Dofb yksf] lgldQ
lgj]bg u/]df d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn] j9Ldf Ps dlxgf ;Ddsf] Dofb yk
ug{ ;Sg]5 . yk ul/Psf] Dofb leq klg c;"n ug'{ kg]{ /sd j'emfpg g;s]
To:tf] JolQm k|flws/0fsf] sd{rf/L eP sd{rf/L] ;]jf ljlgodfjnL jdf]lhd
ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ ;lsg]5 / To:tf] afFsL /sd lghsf] tna eQf,
k]G;g, pkbfg h:tf h'g;'s} ;|f]taf6 c;"n pk/ ug{ ;lsg]5 . /sd
j'emfpg' kg]{ JolQm k|flws/0fsf] sd{rf/L jfx]s cGo s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yf
ePdf To:tf] JolQm jf ;+:yfn] k|flws/0fdf /fv]sf] w/f}6Ljf6 c;"n ul/g]5 .
;f] w/f}6Ljf6 klg c;"n pk/ geP gk'u /sd k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
29

lghsf] hfoh]yf /sdjf6 ;/sf/L af+sL ;/x c;"n pk/ ug{ sf/jfxL ul/g]5
.
-_ o; ljlgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg c;"n ug'{ kg]{
j]?h' /sd dWo] lhDd]jf/ JolQm dl/ ;s]sf] jf lhDd]jf/ JolQmsf] 3/ 7]ufgf
kQf nfUg g;sL jf v08 -3_ jdf]lhd hfoh]yf /sdjf6 c;'"n ug{ sfg"gL
sf/jfxL ubf{ klg jf+sL /x]sf] jf ;+:yf eP sfg"g jdf]lhd 6f6 kN6]sf]
sf/0fn] c;"n x'g g;s]sf] a]?h' d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tsf] l;kmfl/zdf
;ldltn] ldGxf u/L lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ o; ljlgoddf tf]lsPsf] ;doleq sf/afO{ gug]{ jf ;Gtf]ifhgs :ki6Ls/0f glbO{
cfcfkm\gf] st{Jo kfng gug]{ sd{rf/L pk/ k|flws/0fsf] sd{rf/L ;]jf ljlgodfjnL
adf]lhd ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-^_ :ynut n]vfk/LIf0f x'+bfsf] ;dodf g} ;DjlGwt sfof{nocfof]hgfn]
n]vfk/LIfsn] ;f]w]sf] s'/fx?sf] hjfkm lbg] / k|df0f k]z u/L ;Dk/LIf0f u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ a}wflgs n]vfk/LIfsn] clGtd k|ltj]bg lbg' eGbf cl3 g} dxfk|jGwspk
sfo{sf/L lgb]{zssf] sfof{non] dftxtsf sfof{nosf] PsLs[t n]vfk/LIf0f j]?h" km5\of}{6sf]
k|df0f k]z u/L ;Dk/LIf0f u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-*_ sfof{non] j]?h"sf] cBfjlws nut /fvL ;f] nut adf]lhdsf] j]?h'" km5\of}{6
ePsf] k|ult hgfO{ ;f] sf] hfgsf/L tfn's sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kb{5 .
-(_ j]?h" km5\of}{6sf] cg'udg ug{ s]Gb|Lo txdf b]xfPsf ;b:o ePsf] j]?h' km5\of}{6
cg'udg ;ldlt /xg]5 . cfjZos 7fg]df ;DjlGwt If]qdf sfd u/]sf JolQmnfO{ cWoIfn]
cfdlGqt ;b:osf] ?kdf cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5M
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
-_

d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t

pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs -cy{_
pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs -cf=n]=k=_
dxfk|jGwsx? -;DjlGwt_
lgb]{zs, n]vf ljefu

cWoIf
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o;lrj

-!)_ j]?h" km5\of}{6 cg'udg ;ldltsf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_ j]?h" ;DjGwL sfd sf/jfxLsf] n]vfhf]vf tyf cg'udg ug]{,
-v_ :ynut cWoog e|d0f u/L j]?h" km5\of}{6 jf/] cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg],

30

-u_ sfod ePsf] j]?h" km5\of}{6 gug]{ sd{rf/L;+u cfjZos ;f]wk'5 Pj+
:ki6Ls/0f lng],
-3_ j]?h" km5\of}{6 gug]{ jf gu/fpg] ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v / n]vfk|d'vsf]
sfo{;Dkfbg /fVg' kg]{5 .nfO{ j]?h" km5\of}{6 k|ult;+u cfj4 ug]{,
-_ j]?h" km5\of}{6 cg'udg ;ldltn] lbPsf] lgb]{zg tyf tof/ u/]sf] k|ltj]bg
sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;DjlGwt sfof{nodf k7fpg], /
-r_ k|To]s rf}dfl;s cjlwsf] a]?h" km5\of}{6sf] l:yltsf] hfgsf/L ;ldltdf
k]z ug]{ .
-!!_ dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zssf] sfof{no / dftxtsf sfof{nodf sfod
ePsf] j]?h'" km5\of}{6sf] nut /fVg' kg]{5 . / cg'udg ug{ b]xfPsf ;b:o ePsf] j]?h"
km5\of}{6 cg'udg pk;ldlt /xg]5 . cfjZos 7fg]df ;DjlGwt If]qdf sfd u/]sf JolQmnfO{
cWoIfn] cfdlGqt ;b:osf] ?kdf cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5M
-s_
-v_
-u_

;DjlGwt dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs

ljefuIf]qLo lgb]{zs -;DjlGwt_
n]vf k|d'v -;DjlGwt dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L

cWoIf
;b:o
;b:o;lrj

-!@_ j]?h" km5\of}{6 cg'udg pk;ldltsf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5
M
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
-_
-r_

sfof{nosf] j]?h'" ;DjGwL sfd sf/jfxLsf] n]vfhf]vf tyf cg'udg ug]{,

:ynut cWoog e|d0f u/L j]?h" km5\of}{6 jf/] cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg],
sfod ePsf] j]?h" km5\of}{6 gug]{ sd{rf/L;+u cfjZos ;f]wk'5 Pj+
:ki6Ls/0f lng],
j]?h" km5\of}{6 gug]{ jf gu/fpg] ;DalGwt JolQm sfof{no k|d'v /
n]vfk|d'vsf] sfo{;DkfbgnfO{ j]?h" km5\of}{6 k|ult;+u cfj4 ug{],
j]?h" km5\of}{6 cg'udg pk;ldltn] tof/ u/]sf] k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjogsf]
lgldQ ;DjlGwt sfof{nodf k7fpg], /
a]?h" km5\of}{6sf] dfl;s k|ult ljj/0f a]?h" km5\of}6 cg'udg ;ldlt ;dIf
k]z ug]{ .

31

kl/R5]b ^
;DklQsf] lhDdf, nut ;+/If0f / a/a'emf/y
#$=

;DklQsf] lhDdf / ;+/If0fM -!_ k|flws/0fsf] rn / l:y/ ;DklQ tyf lgdf0f{ sfo{ k|ultdf
/x]sf] ;DklQsf] lhDdf / ;f]sf] xfgL gf]S;fgL gx'g] u/L ;+/If0f / ;+ef/ ug]{ pQ/bfloTj
;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vsf] x'g]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfd ug{ ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vn] cfkm\gf]
hjfkmb]xLdf oyf ;Dej cfkm" dftxtsf n]vf ;d"xsf sd{rf/LnfO{ nufpg' kg]5
{ .
-#_ o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{ st{Jo ePsf sd{rf/Ln]
cfkm\gf] st{Jo k"/f gu/]sf] sf/0faf6 s'g} ;DklQsf] xfgL gf]S;fgL x'g uPdf To;sf]
lhDd]jf/L lghn] axg ug'{ kg]{5 .

#%=

;DklQsf] nutM -!_ ljlgod #$ adf]lhdsf clwsf/Ln] cfkm\gf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] k|flws/0fsf]
b]xfosf rfn' / l:y/ ;DklQ ;d]tsf clen]v tyf sfuhft k"0f{ ?kdf cBfjlws u/L
/fVg' kg]{5M
-s_ l:y/ ;DklQsf] /lhi6/ / ;f] /lhi6/df pNn]lvt ;DklQsf] ef}lts cl:tTj Plsg
ul/Psf] cBfjlws sfuhft / k|df0fkq,
-v_ k|To]s jif{ yk ePsf] l:y/ ;DklQsf] k"+hLs/0f ul/Psf] lj:t[t laa/0f,
-u_ l:y/ ;DklQsf] ef}lts k/LIf0f ljj/0f / ;f]sf] l:y/ ;DklQ /lhi6/;+u le8fg
ul/Psf] ljj/0f,
-3_ lgdf0f{ sfo{ k|ultsf] ljj/0f / ;f]sf] ef}lts k/LIf0f ljj/0f,
-_ df}Hbftdf /x]sf] lhG;L / ef}lts k/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] ljj/0f,
-r_ JolQmut lhDdfdf /x]sf] pks/0f tyf sfof{no ;fdfu|L ;d]tsf] ljj/0f, /
-5_ h8fg ePsf :yL/ ;DklQ tyf lgdf0f{ sfo{ k|ultdf /x]sf] ;DklQsf] :yfg kl/j{tg
ubf{ ;f]sf] clgjfo{ hfgsf/L /fVg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .

#^=

l:y/ ;DklQ, rfn' k"hLut sfo{sf] ef}lts k/LIf0fM -!_ sfof{nosf] dftxtdf /x]sf] l:y/
;DklQ tyf lhG;L ;fdfgsf] ef}lts k/LIf0f ug'{kg]{ lhDd]jf/L To:tf] ;DklQ lhDdf lng]
sd{rf/L / sfof{no k|d'vsf] x'g]5 .
-@_ sfof{nosf] l:y/ ;DklQ / lhG;L df}Hbftsf] ef}lts k/LIf0f ug{ b]xfP cg';f/sf]
l:y/ ;DklQ tyf lhG;L ;fdfg ef}lts k/LIf0f ;ldlt /xg]5M
-s_

sfof{no k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf] k|fljlws

32

;+of]hs

-v_
-u_
-3_

sd{rf/L
n]vf k|d'v
k|zf;g k|d'v
:6f]/ k|d'v

;b:o
;b:o
;b:o;lrj

-#_ sfof{no / cGtu{t /x]sf ;DklQsf] ef}lts k/LIf0f ug]{ ;do tflnsf Pj+ of]hgf
sfof{no k|d'vn] th'{df ug'{ kg]5
{ / ;f]xL of]hgf cg';f/ ef}lts k/LIf0f ;ldltn] sfo{
;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ :yL/ ;DklQ tyf lgdf{0f sfo{ k|ultsf] ef}lts k/LIf0f ;ldltn] ef}lts k/LIf0f
ubf{ b]xfP cg';f/sf] sfo{ljlw ckgfpg' kg]{5M
-s_ l:y/ ;DklQsf] ef}lts k/LIf0f ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu k"FhLut vr{ Pj+ l:y/
;DklQ n]vf lbUbz{g cg';f/ ug]{,
-v_ pQm lbUbz{g adf]lhdsf] gd"gf kmf/fd e/L l:y/ ;DklQ /lhi6/;Fu t'ngf
u/L ef}lts k/LIf0f ljj/0f tof/ ug]{,
-u_ n]vf lbUbz{gaf6 k|i6 x'g g;s]sf s'/fdf sfo{ut sfuhft tof/ u/L ef}lts
k/LIf0f ug]{, u/fpg],
-3_ k"FhLut ;+/rgfsf] ef}lts k/LIf0f ubf{ gfk hfFr, ;fO{h, k|s[lt ;xLtsf]
lj:t[t ljj/0f v'Ng] k|fljlws l/kf]6{ ;xLtsf] sfo{ut sfuhft ;+nUg u/L
l:y/ ;DklQ /lhi6/;Fu t'ngf ug]{,
-_ ljt/0f nfO{gsf] ef}lts k/LIf0f cGtu{t nfO{g tfg]sf] ldlt, :yfg -b]lv;Dd_
kf]n ;+Vof, kf]nsf] lsl;d / ;fO{h, tf/ ;+Vof, tf/sf] ;fO{h, ljt/0f nfO{g
lsnf]ld6/ cflb v'n]sf] sfo{ut sfuhft (Working Paper) ;+nUg u/L /fVg],
-r_ 6fG;km/d/sf] ef}lts k/LIf0f ubf{ 6fG;km/d/ h8fg ePsf] ldlt, :yfg,
6fG;km/d/sf] lsl;d, lgdf{tf sDkgL, lgdf{0f ldlt, k/n d"No, Ifdtf s]=le=P=_ v'nfO{Psf] sfo{ut sfuhft (Working Paper) ;+nUg u/L /fVg],
-5_ KnfG6 P08 d]zLgsf] ef}lts k/LIf0f ubf{, d]ZfLg lgdf{tf sDkgLsf] gfd,
ag]sf] ldlt, df]8]n, Ifdtf, h8fg ldlt cflb v'n]sf] sfuhft ;+nUg u/L
/fVg],
-h_ k|;f/0f nfO{g cGtu{t ef}lts k/LIf0f ubf{ nfO{g tfg]sf] ldlt, :yfg -b]lv
;Dd_, kf]n6fj/sf] ;+Vof, kf]nsf] lsl;d / ;fO{h, tf/sf] ;+Vof, ;fOh,
33

k|;f/0f nfO{gsf] lsnf]ld6/ cflb s'/fx? v'n]sf] sfo{ut sfuhft

Paper) ;+nUg u/L /fVg],

(Working

-em_ ;j:6]zgsf] ef}lts k/LIf0f ubf{ ;j:6]zgsf] lgdf{0f ldlt, lsl;d / Ifdtf,
:jLr of8{, Kofgnaf]8{ ;+Vof, lkm8/ ;+Vof, a|]s/ ;+Vof cflb s'/f v'n]sf]
sfo{ut sfuhft (Working Paper) ;+nUg u/L /fVg], /
-`_ ef}lts k/LIf0fsf] kmf/dsf] d"n gd"gfn] lj:t[t ljj/0f lbg g;s]sf] cj:yfdf
5'6} sfo{ut sfuhft (Working Paper) tof/ u/L v'nfO{ /fVg] / ;f/f+z
ljj/0f -;DklQ /lhi6/df eP cg';f/_ ;+u t'ngf u/L /fVg] .
-%_ k|To]s sfof{non] rfn" jif{ tyf ljut jif{df lhDd]jf/L ;fb}{ NofO{Psf rfn'" k"FhLut
sfo{sf] cBfjlws ul/Psf] clen]v cg';f/ ef}lts k/LIf0f cfly{s aif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ;f7L
lbg leq u/L ;f]sf] n]vf+sg clen]v;Fu le8fg ul/Psf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg tfn's sfof{nodf
k7fpg' kg]{5 . ef}lts k/LIf0f ubf{ pkljlgod -$_ sf] sfo{ljlw ckgfpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ l:y/ ;Dklt tyf k"FhLut lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ef}lts k/LIf0f ;ldltn] cfly{s jif{
;dfKt ePsf] ;f7L lbgleq l:y/ ;DklQ tyf k"FhLut lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ef}lts k/LIf0f u/L
b]xfPsf ljifodf k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{5M
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_

ef}lts k/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] 36La9Lsf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] ljj/0f,

Ifltu|:t tyf ck|rng tyf sfd gnfUg] ;DklQsf] d"No ;lxtsf] ljj/0f,
;+rfngdf g/x]sf] ;DklQsf] d"No ;lxtsf] ljj/0f,
l:y/ ;DklQ /lhi6/;Fu ef}lts cl:tTjdf /x]sf] l:y/ ;DklQsf] ldnfg
ljj/0f,
-_ :yL/ tyf lgdf0f{ sfo{ k|ultdf /x]sf] ;DklQsf] ;'/Iff, ;+rfng tyf ;+ef/
plrt tl/sfn] eP gePsf] ljj/0f .

#&=

lhG;L ;fdfgsf] ef}lts k/LIf0fM -!_ sfof{no k|d'vn] cfcfkm\gf sfof{nodf /x]sf] lhG;L
df}Hbftsf] ef}lts k/LIf0f cfly{s aif{ ;dfKt ePsf] tL; lbg leq ;DkGg u/L ;f] sf]
k|ltj]bg tfn's sfof{no / n]vf ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgdf s'n lhG;L df}Hbftsf] lhG;L ;d'x
auL{s/0fdf b]xfP adf]lhdsf -;f/f+z_ laa/0f ;+nUg x'g' kg]{5M
-s_ ck|rngdf /x]sf] lhG;L,
-v_ Ifltu|:t lhG;L,
-u_ sd vkt x'g] lhG;L,
34

-3_ k|rngdf /x]sf] lhG;L,

-_ k"h
F Lut lhG;L .
-#_ lhG;L ef}lts k/LIf0f ubf{ b]xfPsf sfo{ljlw ckgfpg' kg]{5M
-s_ lhG;L ef}lts k/LIf0f ug]{ sfo{ ;do tflnsf cg';f/ ef}lts k/LIf0fsf]
Joj:yf sfof{no k|d'vn] ldnfpg],
-v_ uGtL, gfktf}naf6 ;DjlGwt ;fdfgsf] k/LIf0f ug]{ / k/LIf0f ul/Psf
;fdfgsf] laa/0f :6s k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf r9fpg], cj;f]ln6Ifltu|:t jf
j]sDdf ;fdfg kfOPdf ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg 5'6[} tof/ ug]{,
-u_ kl/df0fut :6f]/ n]h/ cg';f/ b]lvPsf] df}Hbft ;f]xL k|ltj]bgdf r9fpg],
o;/L df}Hbft sfod ug'{ cl3 :6f]/af6 ePsf] ;j} sf/f]jf/ ;f] n]h/df
r9fO{;s]sf] olsg ug]{,
-3_ ef}lts k/LIf0faf6 sfod ePsf / :6f]/ n]h/af6 b]lvPsf km/s snd
olsg u/L kl/df0fut :6f]/ n]h/df b]vfOPsf] df}Hbft ef}lts k/LIf0faf6
sfod x'g cfPsf] df}Hbft cg'?k ;dfof]hg ug{ k]z ug]{ / o;/L df}Hbft
;dfof]hg ubf{ :6f]/ lsk/ tyf k/LIf0f ug]{ b'j} JolQmn] x:tfIf/ ug]{,
-_ ef}lts k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf :6f]/ k|d'vsf] x:tfIf/ u/fO{ Ps k|lt lghnfO{
lbg] / b'O{ k|lt n]vf zfvfdf k7fO{ Ps k|lt cfkm';+u /fVg] . ef}lts k/LIf0f
k|ltj]bg kl/df0fut n]h/df df}Hbft ;Rofpgsf nflu k'i6\ofO{ ug]{
sfuhft ;d]t ;+nUg ug]{,
-r_ k|ltj]bgsf] Ps k|lt 36Lj9L ;fdfg jfkt ;d'lrt lg0f{o ug{sf nflu,
;DjlGwt clwsf/L ;dIf k]z ug]{,
-5_ 36Lj9L ;fdfgsf] n]vf+sg ug{ hg{n ef}r/ kf; u/L d"No ;xLtsf]
n]h/df r9fpg] . 36Lj9L ;fdfg jf/] ;d'lrt lg0f{o geP;Dd o:tf
/sd 5fgljg ug{ jf+sL zLif{sdf j]Un} b]vfpg] .
-$_ lhG;L ef}lts k/LIf0f ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fsf] k/LIf0f u/L k|ltj]bg lbg' kb{5 . ;fy}
cGo cfjZos s'/f eP ;f] ;d]t v'n]sf] x'g' kg]{5 M
-s_ dfn;fdfgsf] ;+/If0f / ;+ef/ plrt t/Lsfn] oyf ;dodf ePsf] 55}g,
-v_ dfn;fdfgsf] cj:yf tyf dd{t ug'{ kg]{ ;fdfgsf] laa/0f,
-u_ lnnfd laqmL ug'{ kg]{ cj:yfdf /x]sf lhG;L dfn;fdfgsf] laa/0f,
35

-3_ lhG;L ;fdfgsf] cfDbfgL / vr{ cBfjlw b]lvg] u/L ljg sf8{ k|of]u u/L
/flvPsf] 55}g,
-_ lhG;L dfn;fdfgsf] xfgL gf]S;fgL tyf 36L a9Lsf] laa/0f / s;sf]
nfk/jfxL jf uNtLaf6 xfgL gf]S;fgL ePsf] xf] ;f]sf] olsg /fo,
-r_ lhG;L n]h/df cfDbfgL gaf+lwPsf lhG;L / ljgf d"Nosf] ;fdfgsf]
laa/0f,
-5_ cGo sfof{noaf6 6fG;km/ jf x:tfGt/0f eO{ cfPsf lhG;L ;fdfg / cGo
sfof{nodf 6fG;km/ eO{ uPsf lhG;L ;fdfgsf] lx;fj le8fg u/]sf]
laa/0f .
#*=

lhG;L ;fdfgsf] n]vf+sg tyf clen]vg Joj:yfM -!_ ljleGg sfof{noaf6 x:tfGt/0f eO{
cfPsf, vl/b ePsf jf cGo s'g} k|sf/af6 k|fKt x'g cfPsf lhG;L ;fdfgsf] hf+ra'em u/L
lhG;L ;DaGwL sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] j9Ldf ;ft lbg leq lhG;L cfDbfgL clgjfo{ ?kdf
af+Wg' kg]{5 .
-@_ lhG;L n]vfsf] n]vf+sg n]vf lbUbz{g cg';f/ /fVg' kg]{5 .
-#_ sfo{fno k|d'vn] cfcfkm\gf] sfof{no ;'rf??kn] ;+rfng ug{sf nflu cfjZos
kg]{ ;fdfg s] slt kl/df0fdf df}Hbft /fVg] xf] ;f]sf] :jLs[lt cfkm\gf] tfn's sfof{noaf6
lng' kg]{5 . ;f] :jLs[ltsf] cfwf/df dfq lhG;L ;fdfg vl/b ug{ jf cGo sfof{nosf]
e08f/af6 6fG;km/ u/L Nofpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ ;fdfGotM k|To]s jif{sf] c;f/ ;f]x| ut]b]lv c;f/ d;fGt;Dd s]GbLo sfof{no
e08f/dxfk|jGwssf] sfof{nosf] e08f/ tyf If]qLo sfof{noljefusf] e08f/af6 zfvf
sfof{nodf lhG;L x:tfGt/0f ul/g] 5|}g .
-%_ lhG;L lgoGq0f vftf;+u lhG;L ;xfos vftf ldnfg u/L ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg jflif{s
?kdf tfn's sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kb{5 .
-^_ k|of]u ePsf dfn;fdfg sfof{nodf lkmtf{ x'g cfPdf tyf ;fdfg k'gM k|of]u x'g
;Sg] ePdf pQm ;fdfgsf] z'?sf] vr{ xF'bfsf] df]ndf x|f; vr{ sf u/L e08f/df d"No
;lxt cfDbfgL af+Wg' kg]{5 .
-&_ sfof{nosf] df}Hbftdf /x]sf] dfn;fdfg tyf ef}lts k/LIf0faf6 36La9L b]lvPsf]
;fdfgsf] d"No sf/0fa; v'Ng g;s]sf] cj:yfdf sfof{no k|d'vsf] cWoIftfdf ;DalGwt
If]qLo sfof{noljefuLo k|d'vn] tf]s]sf] k|ltlglw ePsf] ;ldlt n] To:tf] dfn;fdfgsf]
cj:yf / ;f]xL k|s[ltsf] ;fdfgsf cf}ift e08f/ d"No / k|rlnt ahf/ d"No ;d]t ljrf/
u/L d"No sfod u/fO{ /fVg'kg]{5 .
36

-*_ d"No gv'n]sf dfn;fdfgx? e08f/df lkmtf{ k|fKt ePdf k|To]s dfn;fdfgsf] Ps
?k}of d"No sfod u/L lhG;L cfDbfgL ug'{ kg]{5 / pkljlgod -&_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltaf6
d"No sfod u/fO{ ;dfof]hg ug'{ kg]{5 .
#(=

lhG;L e08f/0f Joj:yfM -!_ e08f/df cfDbfgL af+lwPsf ;fdfgsf] s'g} xfgL gf]S;fgL gx'g]
u/L e08f/ ug]{, ;+/If0f ug]{ / oyf ;dodf To;sf] plrt ;+ef/ u/L k|of]udf Nofpg ;lsg]
cj:yfdf /fVg nufpg] pQ/bfloTj ;DalGwt sfo{fno k|d'vsf] x'g]5 .
-@_ k|of]u ePsf] dfn;fdfg sfd gnfUg] eO{ cfPsf] cj:yfdf lkmtf{ x'Fbf lnnfd x'g]
;fdfgsf] /lhi6/ v8f u/L nut /fvL 5'6[} :yfgdf e08f/0f u/L /fVg' kb{5 .
-#_ lhG;L vftf adf]lhdsf] lhG;L df}Hbft ef}lts ?kdf b'?:t /flvPsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-$_ vf]h]sf] ;dodf vf]h]sf] ;fdfg k|fKt x'g] u/L e08f/df ljg sf8{sf] Joj:yf
ldnfO{Psf] x'g' kb{5 .

$)=

JolQmut lhDdfdf /xg] ;DklQsf] clen]vM -!_ JolQmut lhDdfdf /xg] k"FhLut tyf cGo
;fdfg s'g s'g sd{rf/Lsf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] 5 ;f]sf] z'? d"No, kl/df0f, x|f; / v'b d"No
;lxtsf] cWofjlws clen]v /fVg]/fVg nufpg] st{Jo / pQ/bfloTj ;DalGwt sd{rf/L
tyf sfof{no k|d'vsf] x'g]5 .
-@_ JolQmut lhDdfdf /x]sf] ;jf/L ;fwg, ljB'tLo oGq, sDKo'6/, Sofd]/f, km\ofS;,
kmf]6f]slk d]lzg, :Sofg/, Hofjn, cf}hf/, pks/0f tyf sfof{no ;fdfu|L cflb dWo] k|of]u
eO{ lvO{Psf], 6'6km'6 e} a]sDdf ePsf] jf cGo s'g} sf/0faf6 sfd gnfUg] ePsf ;fdfgsf]
k/n d"No, x|f; vr{ kl5sf] d"No v"b d"No ;lxtsf] laa/0f k|To]s sfof{non] If]qLo
sfof{noljefudf k|To]s cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] tL; lbg leq pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd ljj/0f k|fKt ug]{ If]qLo sfof{noljefun] k|fKt ljj/0f
Plss[t u/L dxfk|jGwssf] sfof{nodf k}tL; lbg / dxfk|jGwsn] k|fKt ljj/0f Plss[t u/L
rfnL; lbgleq n]vf ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ k|To]s jif{sf] AolQmut lhDdf /xg] sfof{no ;fdfu|L, pks/0f tyf Hofjn
cf}hf/sf] zLif{sdf ePsf] s'n k"FhLut vr{;Fu sd{rf/L AolQmut ;DklQ vftfdf ul/Psf]
clen]vg ldnfg ug'{ kg]{5 .

$!=

x:tfGt/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ Ps sfof{non] csf]{ sfof{nonfO{ dfn;fdfg x:tfGt/0f ug'{
k/]df sfo{no k|d'vaf6 :jLs[t eP kl5 x:tfGt/0f kmf/fd e/L x:tfGt/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
dfn;fdfg a'lemlng] sfof{non] xGtfGt/0f e} cfPsf] dfn;fdfg cfDbfgL jf+wL ;f] sf]
hfgsf/L ;fljs sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
37

-@_ s'g} sfof{no vf/]h ePdf jf cGo sfof{no;+u uflePdf ;f] sfof{no sfod /x]sf]
lbg;Ddsf] lhG;L dfn;fdfgsf] df}Hbft / dd{t ;Def/, lnnfd, ldGxf ug'{ kg]{
dfn;fdfgsf] kl/df0f / d"No ;d]t v'nfO{ To:tf] sfof{no vf/]h ePsf] jf uflePsf] ldltn]
k}+tL; lbg leq k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L ;DjlFwt dxfk|aGws jf pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zssf] lgb]{zg
adf]lhd To:tf] dfn;fdfgsf] x:tfGt/0f u/L lng] lbg] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
$@=

x|f; sL ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ l:y/ ;DkQLsf] x|f; sL ubf{ ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]
n]vf+sg gLlt cg';f/ b]xfo adf]lhd x|f; sL ug'{ kg]5
{ M
;DklQsf] ljj/0f
x|f; sL b/
s hUuf
)
v ejg
b'O{ k|ltzt
u hn ljB'tLo ;+/rgf
b'O{ b]vL tLg k|ltzt
3 hn ljB'tLo Knf06 / pks/0f
tLg k|ltzt
cfGtl/s Hjng;Ln Knf06 / pks/0f
b'O{ bzdnj kfFr
k|ltzt
r k|zf/0f nfO{g -^^ s]le, !#@ s]le / ;f] eGbf dfyL
tLg k|ltzt
5 k|zf/0f nfO{g -## s]le_
tLg k|ltzt
h k|zf/0f ;j:6]zg
tLg k|ltzt
em ljt/0f k|0ffnL -!! s]le ljt/0f nfO{g eGbf sd ;d]t_ tLg b]vL rf/ k|ltzt
` ;f}o{ phf{
tLg k|ltzt
6 ld6/ / ld6l/ pks/0f
bz k|ltzt
7 pkef]Qmf ;]jf
;ft k|ltzt
8 ;fj{hlgs aQL
tLg k|ltzt
9 ;jf/L ;fwg, d]lzg, cf}hf/, kmlg{r/ / lkmSr/
aL; k|ltzt
0f sfof{no pks/0f
kGw| k|ltzt
t ljljw ;DklQ
krf; k|ltzt
y cfly{s aif{ leq yk
cfwf aif{sf] nflu
k|rlnt b/

38

-@_ s/ n]vf k/LIf0f k|of]hgsf] nflu cfo s/ P]gdf ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd x|f;
s6[L ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ lhG;L dfn;fdfgsf] x|f; s6[f ubf{ lhG;L dfn;fdfg vl/b ePsf] cfly{s aif{df
x|f; s6[L gu/L csf]{ cfly{s aif{ b]vL ug{' kg]{5 .
$#=

k|flws/0fsf] ;DklQsf] ladf ug]{ Joj:yfM -!_ ;jf/L ;fwg tyf d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn]
ladf ug'{ kg]{ egL 7xofPsf k|flws/0fsf] sfof{no ejg, gub jf cGo sfof{nosf
dfn;fdfgsf] d"NonfO{ vfDg] u/L b'3{6gf, cUgL, x'nb+uf, e'sDk, la:kmf]6g cflbaf6 x'g]
IftLsf] ladf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd ;jf/L ;fwgsf] jLdf ubf{ t];|f] kf6L{nfO{ x'g] IftL
;d]t ;dfa]z u/L ladf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ jLdf u/] afkt nfUg] z'Ns -lk|ldod_ / zt{ jLdf ug]{ ;+:yf;+u ePsf] ;Demf}tf
cg';f/ x'g]5 .
-$_ ladf ubf{ :jb]zL ladf sDkgLnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg ;lsg]5 .

$$= a/a'emf/y ug{' kg]{M -!_ k|flws/0fsf] gub, lhG;L, w/f}6L, a]?h', a}+s hdfgtsf] clen]v
3/ hUufsf] gS;f tyf clen]v, krf; nfv ?k}ofF eGbf a9L lgdf{0f sfo{sf] oh laN8
gS;f tyf cGo /sdsf] nut ;]|:tf tyf sfuhft / cfgf] lhDdfdf ePsf] jf /x]sf] sfd
cflbsf] lhDdf lng] sd{rf/L ;fwf/0ftof ;?jf, a9'jf, cjsfz k|fKt u/L jf cGo s'g}
sf/0fn] cfk"m sfo{/t sfof{no 5f]8L hfFbf jf ;f] sfdaf6 cnu x'Fbf a/a'emf/y ug]{ lghsf]
st{Jo x'g]5 . a'emL lng] sd{rf/Ln] klg t'?Gt a'emL lng' kg{]5 . cfn6fn u/L a'emL
glnPdf To:tf sd{rf/L axfnjfnf ePdf lghsf] tna eQf /f]Ssf /fvL cGo s'g}
sd{rf/LnfO{ a'lem lng lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 . axfn 6'6L ;s]sf] sd{rf/L eP lghn]
k|flws/0faf6 kfpg] ;'ljwfx? /f]Sssf /fvL a/a'emf/y ug{ nufO{g]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd a/a'emf/y ug]{ st{Jo ePsf sd{rf/Ln] PSsfO{; lbg
leq a/a'emf/y u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 . ;f] Dofb leq a/a'emf/y ug{ g;lsPdf ;f]sf] sf/0f vf]nL
;DalGwt dxfk|aGws jf pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs ;dIf k]z u/L lgb]{zg eP adf]lhd ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd a/a'emf/y c:yfO{, Hofnfbf/L jf s/f/df lgo'lQm ePsf]
jf sfod d'sfod ePsf] sd{rf/Ln] ;d]t ug'{ kg]{5 .

39

-$_ ;?jf eO;s]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] ;doleq j/a'emf/y ug{ nufO{ /dfgfkq
lbg] st{Jo tyf bfloTj ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vsf] x'g]5 .
-%_ a/a'emf/ysf] lgldQ lgo'lQm, ;?jf jf a9'jf eO{ cfpg] sfof{no k|d'v ;dodf
pkl:yt x'g gcfPdf ;fljs sfof{no k|d'vn] cfkm" eGbf Ps tx d'gLsf] sd{rf/LnfO{
a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkljlgod -!_ cg';f/ a/a'emf/y x'+bf cfkm\gf] lhDdfdf /x]sf gub lxgfldgf eO{
gk'u ePdf jf s'g} dfn;fdfg ;a'b bflvnf ug{ g;s]df To:tf] lhDdf lng] JolQml;t
lxgfldgf, gk'u ePsf] gub / dfn;fdfgsf] df]n c;"n pk/ u/L lghnfO{ k|flws/0fsf]
sd{rf/L ;]jf ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ axfnjfnf / ;flasjfnfn] j/j'emf/y ubf{ sfof{no k|d'vsf] /f]xj/df ePsf]
a/a'emf/ydf csf]{ Ps sd{rf/LnfO{ klg ;fIfL /fVg' kg]{5 .
-*_ a/a'emf/y ug]{ st{Jo ePsf sd{rf/L gf]s/Laf6 cjsfz lnO;s]sf] / kQf
gnfu]sf] jf d/]sf] jf :jf:Yosf sf/0faf6 xf];\ 7]ufg gePsf] jf ax'nfPsf] jf cGo s'g}
ljz]if kl/l:yltdf j/j'emf/y ug'{ kg]{ sd{rf/Ln] ug'{kg]{ a/a'emf/y lghsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o
jf cGo s'g} k|ltlglw dfkm{t klg sfof{no k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] /f]xa/df
j/j'emf/y u/fpg kfpg]5 .
t/ o;/L a'em a'emf/y ubf{ gk'u x'g cfpg] gubL jf lhG;Lsf] xsdf ;DalGwt
sd{rf/L g} pQ/bfoL x'g]5 .
-(_ a/a'emf/y ug]{ st{Jo ePsf] sd{rf/Ln] o; ljlgod adf]lhd a/a'emf/y u/L
;s]kl5 ;flas sfof{noaf6 cg';"rL % adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf a/a'emf/ysf] k|df0fkq tyf
sfof{no k|d'v, n]vf k|d'v, :6f]/ k|d'v / k|zf;g k|d'vsf] xsdf cg';"rL^ adf]lhdsf]
k|df0f k]z gu/L lghnfO{ xfnsf] sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g tyf tna eQf cflb e'QmfgL ul/g]
5}g . a/a'emf/y ePsf] k|df0f lagf tna v'jfPsf] eP ;f] tna v'jfpg] JolQm hjfkmb]xL
x'g]5 .
-!)_ a/a'emf/y ug]{ JolQm cjsf; k|fKt sd{rf/L eP pkljlgod -(_ adf]lhdsf]
k|df0fkq k]z gu/L lghnfO{ lgj[Qe/0f, pkbfg jf cGo s'g} klg ;'ljwf /sdx? e'QmfgL
lbOg] 5}g .

40

kl/R5]b &
lnnfd laqmL tyf ldGxf ;DaGwL Joj:yf
$%=

lnlvt cfb]z ljgf lnnfd ljqmL ug{ gx'g]M -!_ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] lnlvt cfb]z
ljgf dfn;fdfg lnnfd ljqmL ug{ u/fpg x'b}g .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] lnnfd ljs|Lsf] cfb]z lb+bf
To:tf] dfn;fdfg lnnfd ljqmL ug]{ cj:yfdf 55}g hfFrL, hfFr ug{ nufO{ cfb]z lbg'
kg]{5 .

$^=

lnnfd ug]{ Joj:yfM -!_ lhG;L lg/LIf0fsf] k|ltj]bgdf a]sDdf eO{ sfd nfUg g;Sg],
6'6km'6 eO{ a]sDdf ePsf / k'gM dd{t gx'g] egL lhG;L lg/LIf0faf6 ls6fg ePsf jf
dd{t x'g ;Sg] eP klg k"/fgf] df]8n, To;sf] :k]o/ kf6{ k"hf{sf] cefj ePsf] jf k|ljlw
kl/jt{gsf] sf/0fn] jt{dfg cj:yfdf cg'kof]uL 7xl/Psf dfn;fdfgx? Jff ;DklQsf]
;"rL k|To]s aif{sf] kf}if dlxgf ;Dddf tof/ u/L clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] l:js[tLdf
k|To]s sfof{non] lnnfd las|L ug'{ kg]5
{ .
-@_ lnnfd ug'{ kg]{ elg 7xofO{Psf dfn;fdfgx? lnnfd ug'{ kbf{ To:tf
dfn;fdfgx? Jff ;DklQsf] pkof]lutf, ;]jf cfo', x|f;s6[L, cjz]if d"No / ahf/sf]
k|rlnt d"No ;d]t larf/ u/L Go"gtd d"No sfod ug{ b]xfo cg';f/sf] ;DklQ lnnfd
ljqmL d"Nofg ;ldlt u7g ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_
;DjlGwt sfof{nosf] sfof{no k|d'v
;+of]hs
-v_
k|fljlws sd{rf/L -clws[t:t/_
;b:o
-u_
k|zf;g OsfO{ k|d'v
;b:o
-3_
n]vf k|d'v
;b:o
-_
lhG;L k|d'v
;b:o;lrj
:ki6Ls/0fM sfof{nodf clws[t:t/sf] k|fljlws sd{rf/L gePdf
;xfos :t/ /fVg ;lsg]5 .
-#_ s'g} ljz]if k|s[ltsf] dfn;fdfgsf] d"Nofg ug{ cGo sd{rf/L jf jfX\o
ljz]if1sf] cfjZostf k/]df pkljlgod -@_ jdf]lhdsf] d"Nofg ;ldltn] To:tf]
sd{rf/L jf jfX\o ljz]if1nfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ jf k/fdz{bftfsf] ;]jf lng ;Sg]5 . jfX\o
ljz]if1nfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ jf k/fdz{bftfsf] ;]jf lng' k/]df tfn's sfof{nosf] :jLs[tL
lng' kg]{5 .
41

-$_ k/ndf]n v'n]sf]df b'O{ nfv ?k}ofF jf k/ndf]n gv'n]sf]df d"Nof+lst /sdsf]
krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF jf b'j} u/L b'O{ nfv krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd pkljlgod -@_
adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ lnnfd ug{
;lsg]5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -$_ df pNn]lvt d"No eGbf a9Lsf] dfn;fdfg;DklQ lnnfd
ljqmL ug'{kg]{ ePdf pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] u/]sf] l;kmfl/z pk/ b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] ;ldlt ;dIf k]z u/L ;f] ;ldltsf] /fo l;kmfl/zsf] cfwf/df clwsf/ k|fKt
clwsf/Ln] lnnfd ljqmLsf] l:js[tL lbg ;Sg]5 .
-s_ k/n d"No kGw| nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] dfn;fdfg jf k/n d"No gv'n]sf]df
d"Nof+lst /sd tLg nfv ?k}ofF jf b'j} u/]/ c7f/ nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf]
dfn;fdfg;DklQsf] Go"gtd /sdsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
;ldlt /xg] 5 M
;+of]hs
-s_ lgb]{zsn] t]fs]sf] clws[t
-v_ n]vf k|d'v
;b:o
-u_ k|fljlws clws[t
;b:o
-3_ ;DjlGwt sfof{no k|d'v
;b:o;lrj
-v_ k/n d"No rfnL; nfv ?k}ofF / d"No gv'n]sf]df d"Nof+lst /sd bz nfv
?k}ofF jf b'j} u/]/ krf; nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] dfn;fdfg;DklQsf] Go"gtd
/sdsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;ldlt /xg] 5 M
-s_ dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn]
t]fs]sf] sd{rf/L
-v_ n]vf k|d'v
-u_ k|fljlws clws[t
-3_ ;DjlGwt sfof{no k|d'v

;+of]hs
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o;lrj

-u_ k/n d"No rfnL; nfv ?k}ofF / d"No gv'n]sf]df d"Nof+lst /sd bz nfv
?k}ofF jf b'j} u/]/ krf; nfv ?k}ofF eGbf dflysf]] dfn;fdfg;DklQsf]
Go"gtd /sdsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;ldlt /xg] 5 M

42

-s_ d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn] tf]s]sf]

dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
-v_ ;DjlGwt dxfk|jGws
-u_ lgb]{zs, n]vf ljefu
-3_ dfn;fdfg;Fu ;DjlGwt ljz]if1

;+of]hs
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o;lrj

-^_ cfo' lglZrt ePsf h'g;'s} dfn;fdfgsf] cfo' ;dfKt ePkl5 pkljlgod -@_
/ -%_ cg';f/ ul7t ;ldltaf6 d"Nofg tyf l;kmfl/zsf] cfwf/df lnnfd ljlqm ug{
;lsg]5 . To:tf] dfn;fdfgsf] ljj/0f cGo lnnfd ;fdfu|Lsf] ;"rL ;Fu} tof/ ug'{ kg]{
bfloTj sfof{no k|d'vsf] x'g]5 .
-&_ o; ljlgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg :yL/ ;DklQx?sf]
pkof]u cjlw eGbf a9L k'/fgf / rfn" xfntdf g/x]sf jf rfn" xfntdf Nofpg ;f]lx
dfn;fdfgsf] ahf/ d"Nosf] kRrL; k|ltzt eGbf a9L dd{t vr{ nfUg] ePdf pk
ljlgod -@_ / -%_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/zdf lnnfd ljlqm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-*_ lgdf{0f ePsf ef}lts ;+/rgf eTsfO{ lnnfd ljlqm ubf{ eTsfpg nfUg] vr{ /
dfn;fdfg ljlqm ubf{ x'g] /sdsf] cfO6d cg';f/ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{5 . lnnfd
ljlqmaf6 k|fKt /sd eGbf eTsfpg nfUg] /sd a9L ePsf] v08df km/s /sdnfO{ g}
Go"gtd d"No dfgL lnnfd 36f36sf] dfWod ckgfpg'kg]{5 . lnnfdaf6 k|fKt x'g] /sd
eTsfpFbf nfUg] vr{ eGbf al9 x'g cfPdf km/s /sdnfO{ g} Go"gtd d"No dfgL lnnfd
a9fj9sf] sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ o; ljlgodfjnLdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg 3/ hUuf h:tf l:y/
;DklQ lnnfd las|L ug'{kg]{ ePdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-!)_ lnnfd ljqmL ubf{ l;naGbL af]nkq jf ;fjh{lgs a9fj9sf] k|lqmofaf6 ug{
;lsg]5 . clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] lnnfd las|L ug]{ lg0f{o ubf{ lnnfd a9fa9 ug]{ jf
af]nkq cfJxfg u/L lnnfd ug]{ eGg] ;DaGwdf ;d]t lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!!_ lnnfd laqmL ug]{ :jLs[lt ePkl5 b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] Dofb lbO{ lnnfd las|Lsf]
;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_

kRrL; xhf/ ?k}of ;Dd Go"gtd d"No sfod ePsf dfn;fdfgx?sf]

lnnfd las|Lsf] nflu ;ft lbgsf],

43

-v_
-u_

Ps nfv ?k}of ;Dd Go"gtd d"No sfod ePsf dfn;fdfgx?sf] lnnfd

las|Lsf] nflu kGw| lbgsf],
Ps nfv ?k}of eGbf j9L Go"gtd d"No sfod ePsf dfn;fdfgx?sf]
nflu slDtdf PSsfO{; lbgsf] .

-!@_ pkljlgod -!!_ sf] v08 -s_ / -v_ jdf]lhdsf] ;"rgf ;DjlGwt sfof{non]
cfkm\gf] tyf k|flws/0fsf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6f+F; ug'{ kg]{5 / k|flws/0fsf] j]e;fO{6df ;d]t
/fVg' kg]{5 .
-!#_ pkljlgod -!!_ sf] v08 -u_ jdf]lhdsf] ;"rgf /fli6o :t/sf] s'g} b}lgs
;dfrf/kqdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 / k|flws/0fsf] j]e;fO{6df ;d]t /fVg' kg]{5 .
-!$_ pkljlgod -!#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg lnnfd ul/g]
dfn;fdfg / la1fkg vr{nfO{ larf/ u/L /fli6o:t/sf] klqsfdf ;"rgfsf] 5f]6s/L
Aoxf]/f k|sfzg u/L ;"rgfsf] k"0f{ Aoxf]/f k|flws/0fsf]] ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fF; ug{ ;lsg]5 .
;fy} To:tf] ;"rgf k|flws/0fsf] j]e ;fO{6df ;d]t /fVg' kg]{5 .
$&=

a9fa9af6 lnnfd ljqmL ug]{ Joj:yfM -!_ lnnfd j9fj9 f/f lnnfd ljqmL ug{ ljlgod
$^ sf] pkljlgod -!!_ jdf]lhd k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ ;"rgfdf b]xfosf s'/fx? v'nfpg'
kg]{5M
-!_ dfn;fdfgsf] ljj/0f,
-@_ dfn;fdfgsf] Go"gtd d"No,
-#_ lnnfd a9fa9 x'g] :yfg, ;do -z'? / cGTo x'g] ;do_ / ldlt,
-$_ lnnfd a9fa9df ;xefuL x'g gfd n]vfpg] clGtd ;do,
-%_ Go"gtd d"Noaf6 a9fa9 z'? x'g] s'/f,
-^_ lnnfd ;sf/ ug{ 8fFs af]Ng' cl3 g} lnnfd a9fa9df efu lng cfkm\gf]
gfd btf{ u/fpg' kg]{, Go"gtd d"Nosf] bz k|ltztn] x'g] gub w/f}6L /fVg'
kg]{ s'/f / 8fFs c+s a9\b} uPdf ;f]xL cg'kftdf w/f}6L yk ub}{ hfg' kg]{
s'/f,
-&_ dfn;fdfgsf] ljj/0f / cj:yf x]g{ ;lsg] :yfg,
-*_ lnnfd ;sf/ u/]sf] /sd a'emfO{ dfn;fdfg p7fO n}hfg' kg]{ cjlw,
-(_ cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .

44

-@_ lnnfd j9fj9sf] nflu tf]lsPsf] ;do k|f/De x'g' cl3 lnnfd a9fa9df efu
lng rfxg] ;j} JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLsf] gfd l;nl;n]jf/ 9+un] btf{ ug'{ u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
-#_ lnnfd j9fj9sf] nflu tf]lsPsf] ;do k|f/De ePkl5 lnnfd a9fa9df efu
lng rfxg] cGo JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLsf] gfd btf{ ug{ u/fpg kfOg] 5}g .
-$_ lnnfd j9fj9sf] sfo{ k|f/De ubf{ btf{ lstfjdf ;j} eGbf klxn] gfd btf{
u/fpg] JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLsf] gfd pRrf/0f u/L v/Lb ug{ rfxg] d"No eGg'
xf]; egL eGg' kg]{5 . tf]lsPsf] gub w/f}6L /fvL klxnf] btf{jfnfn] cfkmgf] d"No af]n
saf]n d"Nodf x:tfIf/ u/] kl5 ;j}n] ;'Gg] u/L lghsf] gfd / af]n saf]n d"No eGg'
kg]{5 / To;kl5 bf]>f] / qmd};+u c?nfO{ cfjZos w/f}6L /fvL af]n saf]n d"Nodf
x:tfIf/ ug]{ cj;/ lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -$_ jdf]lhd ;j}sf] kfnf] ;lsPkl5 k'gM klxnf] btf{jfnf b]lv
z'? x'g] u/L bf]>f] r/0f k|f/De ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L lnnfd a9fa9 ubf{ clGtd ;do;Dd
s'g} JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLn] klg cl3Nnf] r/0fsf] d"Nodf j9\g] u/L gof+ af]n
saf]n d"Nodf x:tfIf/ gu/]df clGtd d'No olt sfod eof] egL lnnfd ;dflKtsf]
3f]if0ff u/L d'r'Nsf v8f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ pkljlgod -$_ / -%_ jdf]lhd s'g} JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLn] klg
Go"gtd d"No eGbf a9L /sd af]n sjf]n gu/]df To:tf] lnnfd :ylut u/L k'gM ;"rgf
k|sfzg u/L lnnfd ug'{ kg]{5 .
$*= lnnfd a9fa9sf] :jLs[tLM af]n saf]n d"Nosf] bz k|ltztn] x'g] /sdsf] gub w/f}6L
/fVg] k|flws/0faf6 sfod ePsf] Go"gtd d"No eGbf clwstd d"No af]n saf]n ug]{
JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLsf] af]n saf]n /sd clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] :jLs[t
ul/g]5 .
$(=

af]nkq cfJxfgaf6 lnnfd ljqmL ug]{ Joj:yfM -!_ af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6 lnnfd las|L ug'{
kbf{ lnnfd las|Lsf] ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ cl3 af]nkq kmf/fd tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ lnnfddf efu lng rfxg] AolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
/sd lt/L ;DalGwt sfof{nosf] k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt /
k|flws/0fsf] 5fk nfu]sf] af]nkq kmf/fd lsgL ;f]xL kmf/fddf saf]n c+s v'nfO{ af]nkq
k]z ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ Ps nfv ?k}ofFF;Dd Go"gtd d"No sfod ePsf] af]nkqsf] nflu ?= #)).
45

-v_
-u_

Ps nfv eGbf dfly bz nfv ?k}ofFF;Dd Go"gtd d"No sfod

ePsf] af]nkqsf] nflu
?= !,))).
bz nfv eGbf dfly hlt;'s} /sd Go"gtd d"No sfod ePsf]
af]nkqsf] nflu
?= !,%)).

-#_ af]nkq cfJxfg u/L lnnfd ljqmL ug{ ljlgod $^ sf] pkljlgod -!!_
jdf]lhd k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ ;"rgfdf b]xfosf s'/fx? v'nfpg' kg]{5M
-!_ dfn;fdfgsf] ljj/0f,
-@_ dfn;fdfgsf] Go"gtd d"No,
-#_ Go"gtd d"No eGbf a9L d"No saf]n ug{]x? dWo] ;a} eGbf a9L d"No
saf]]n ug]{ af]nkqbftfsf] af]nkq :jLs[t ul/g] Aoxf]/f,
-$_ jf]nkq kmf/fd kfO{g] :yfg / ;f] jfkt rflxg] b:t"/,
-%_ jf]nkq k7fpg] t/Lsf,
-^_ hdfgtsf] lsl;d -k|flws/0fsf] w/f}6L vftfdf gub hDdf u/]sf] ;Ssn
a}+s ef}r/ jf a}+s hdfgt_, /sd / a}+s hdfgtsf] xsdf dfGo cjlw,
-hdfgtsf] /sd dfu ubf{ saf]n /sdsf] bz k|ltztn] x'g] /sd dfu
ug'{ kg]{ / a}+s hdfgtsf] xsdf slDtdf gAa] lbg dfGo cjlw ePsf]
g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 cg'dlt k|fKt s >]0fLsf] afl0fHo a}+saf6 hf/L
ePsf] a}+s hdfgt dfu ug'{ kg]{5 ._
-&_ jf]nkq k7fpg' kg]{ sfof{no jf clwsf/Lsf] gfd / 7]ufgf
-*_ jf]nkq bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ clGtd ldlt / ;do,
-(_ jf]nkq vf]lng] ;do, ldlt / :yfg,
-!)_ dfn;fdfgsf] ljj/0f / cj:yf x]g{ ;lsg] :yfg,
-!!_ af]nkq :jLs[t eP kl5 /sd a'emfO{ dfn;fdfg p7fO n}hfg' kg]{ cjlw,
-!@_ cGo cfjZos b]lvPsf s'/fx? .
%)=

lnnfd ljs|Lsf] af]nkq vf]Ng]M -!_ lnnffd a9fa9sf] nflu kg{ cfPsf af]nkqx? Tf]lsPsf]
ldlt / ;dodf pkl:yt af]nkqbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwx?sf] /f]xj/df vf]nL d'r'Nsf
tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd af]nkqbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwx? pkl:yt geP
tfklg af]nkq vf]Ng afwf kg]{ 5}g .
46

%!=

lnnfd ljs|L ;DaGwL af]nkqsf] :jLs[tLM saf]n d"Nosf] bz k|ltztn] x'g] /sdsf] /Lt
k"j{ssf] a}+s hdfgt k]z u/]sf jf w/f}6L jfkt gub} hDdf u/]sf / Dofb leq kg{
cfPsf af]nkqx? dWo] k|flws/0faf6 sfod ePsf] Go"gtd d"No eGbf clwstd d"No
saf]n ug]{ af]nkqbftfsf] af]nkq :jLs[t ul/g]5 .

%@=

cGo sfo{ljlwM -!_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd klxnf] k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L lnnfd las|L
x'g g;s]df ;ft lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ k'gM lnnfd laqmLsf] ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ lnnfd ;sf/ u/]sf] lhG;L dfn;fdfg k|flws/0fn] tf]s]sf] cjlw leq saf]n
u/]sf] k"/f d"No a'emfO{ gp7fPdf /flvPsf] w/f}6L hkmt u/L hkmt /sddf g36\g] u/L
To; kl5sf] clwstd /sd sa'n ug]{ qmdzM bf]>f], t]>f] jf rf}yf} a9Ljfnfsf] af]n
saf]n /sd :jLs[t ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ jdf]lhdsf] k|lqmofjf6 ljqmL x'g g;s]df ljlgod $^ sf] pk
ljlgod -@_ / -%_ jdf]lhdsf] ;ldltaf6 k'gM d"Nofg u/fO{ lnnfd las|L ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -#_ jdf]lhd k'gM d"Nofg ePkl5 lnnfd las|Lsf] nflu slDtdf
kGw| lbgsf] cjlw lbO{ k'gM ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]5
{ .
-%_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ lnnfd x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ :jfldTj ePsf] ;+:yfn] k|flws/0fn] tf]s]sf] Go"gtd d"Nodf lng
rfx]df To:tf ;+:yfnfO{ lnnfd ;sf/ ug{ lbg ;lsg]5 .
-^_ pkljlgod -#_ / -$_ adf]lhd ;d]t lnnfd las|L x'g g;s]df d'Vo
k|zf;sLo clws[tsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ k|flws/0faf6 l;w} laqmL ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L ;Lw}
las|L ;d]t x'g g;s]df ;ldltsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ nut sf ug'{ kg]{5 .

%#=

ldGxf tyf nut s6[f ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ lhG;L ;DklQsf] lg/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k|fKt
u/]kl5 s'g} dfn;fdfg ldGxf lbO{ nut sf6\g' kg]{ b]lvPdf ldGxf ;DaGwL sf/jfO{ ug'{
kg]{5 . sd{rf/Lsf] nfk/jfxLaf6 geO{ b]xfPsf] sf/0faf6 k|flws/0fsf] ;DklQx?sf] xfgL
gf]S;fgL x'g uPdf sf/0f hgfO{ ldGxf u/L nut s6[f ug{ ;lsg]5 M
-s_ b}jL b'3{6gf ePdf,
-v_ rf]/L ePdf,
-u_ sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf,
-3_ l8d]/]h jf hl/jfgf ltg'{ kg]{ ePdf,
47

-_
-r_
-5_
-h_

dfn;fdfg 6'6km'6 x'g uPdf jf ;'vg, r'xg hlt{ uPsf] cj:yfdf,

6f6 kN6L jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yf;+u c;"n pk/ x'g
g;s]df,
s'g} dfn;fdfg lnnfd las|L x'g g;s]df, /
;ldltn] pko'Qm 7xofPsf] cGo sf/0f ePdf .

-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd ldGxf ug'{ kg]{ ePdf ldGxf ug'{ kg]{ ;DklQsf] gfd,
kl/df0f, d"No/sd tyf ldGxf ug'{ kg]{ ;DklQsf] oyfzSo k|df0f tyf k|i6 ljj/0f ;d]t
v'nfO{ l;kmfl/z ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ldGxf l;kmfl/z ;ldltn] u/]sf] l;kmfl/;sf]
cfwf/df clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] :jLs[tL lnO{ ldGxf Pj+ nut s6[f ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L
ul/Psf] ldGxfsf] nut /fvL pko'Qm n]vf+sg ug'{kg]{5 M
-s_ k|wfg sfof{nosf] xsdf,
-!_
-@_
-#_

d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn]

tf]s]sf] dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
lgb]{zs, n]vf ljefu
;DjlGwt ljefuLo k|d'v

cWoIf
;b:o
;b:o;lrj

gf]6 M n]vf ljefu cGtu{tsf] lhG;L jf l:y/ ;DklQ lnnfd;DaGwL ;ldltsf] xsdf
s]Gb|Lo n]vf dxfzfvf k|d'v ;b:o ;lrj x'g]5 .
-v_ dxfk|jGwssf] sfof{nosf] xsdf,
-!_
-@_
-#_

dxfk|jGwsn] tf]s]sf] lgb]{zs

n]vf k|d'v
k|fljlws clws[t -sDtLdf !) tx_

cWoIf
;b:o
;b:o;lrj

-u_ dxfk|jGwssf] dftxt sfof{nosf] xsdf,

-!_
-@_
-#_

dxfk|jGwsn] tf]s]sf] lgb]{zs

;DalGwt ljefuIf]qLo sfof{nosf]
n]vf k|d'v
;DjlGwt sfof{no k|d'v

cWoIf
;b:o
;b:o;lrj

-#_ ldGxf l;kmfl/; ;ldltn] k|To]s cfly{s jif{df cfjZostfg';f/ a}7s a;L
ldGxfsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug'{ kg]{5 .
48

-$_ s'g} dfn;fdfg Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf cf];f/ k;f/ ubf{ xfgL gf]S;fgL x'g
uPdf cfjZostf / cf}lrTosf] cfwf/df ldGxf l;kmfl/; ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/; lnO{ ldGxf
ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-%_ ljB't dx;'n afx]s u|fxsnfO{ laB't dxz'ndf jf ;]jf z'Nssf] l;nl;nfdf
nufPsf] yk b:t'/ jf cGo s'g} /sd ldGxfnut s6[f ug{'kg]{ dgfl;a sf/0f ePdf
;DalGwt sfof{no / ljefuIf]qLo sfof{nosf] l;kmfl/;df ljlgodfanL adf]lhd
clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Laf6 :jLs[lt lnO{ ldGxf nut s6[f ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L ul/Psf]
ldGxfnfO{ cfjZos ;dfof]hg ug'{kg]{5 .

49

kl/R5]b *
k]ZsL tyf k]ZsL km5of}{6 ;DjGwL Joj:yf
%$=

k]ZsL lbg] ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf k]ZsL lbg' kbf{
clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] l:js[ltdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] k]ZsL lbg ;lsg]5M
-s_ s'g} sfd ug{, dfn;fdfg vl/b ug{ jf dfn;fdfg dd{t ;Def/ ug{,
-v_ e|d0f, sfh, tflnd, ;]ldgf/ jf uf]i7Ldf efu lng k7fpg,
-u_ ;?jf ePsf] :yfgdf k7fpg,
-3_ lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfos;+u ePsf]
;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfo{ u/fpg, jf
-_ cf}iflw pkrf/ k]ZsL,
-r_ cGo sfo{ u/fpg .
-@_ k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/L / ;/sf/L jf u}/ ;/sf/L JolQmn] k|flws/0fsf] sfd
sfhsf] lgldQ k]ZsL lng' kbf{ b]xfosf] ljj/0f v'nfO{ ;DalGwt clwsf/ k|fKt
clwsf/Laf6 To:tf] sfo{ ug{ lbO{Psf] :jLs[lt kq ;lxt k]ZsL dfu kq k]z ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ k]ZsL ;DaGwL sfdsf] ljj/0f,
-v_ ;f] sfo{ ug{ nfUg] /sdsf] cg'dflgt ljj/0f,
-u_ k]ZsL cfjZos ePsf] cjlw,
-3_ klxnf k]ZsL lnPsf] eP ;f] k]ZsL km5of}{6 ePgePsf] ljj/0f .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] dfu kq k|fKt eP kl5 ;DalGwt sfdsf] nflu
cfjZos kg]{ /sdeGbf a9L gx'g] u/L k]ZsL lng] sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf kb / k|of]hg tyf
cGo JolQmsf] xsdf ;f] JolQmsf] tLg k':t], :yfoL / c:yfoL 7]ufgf k|i6 n]vL k]ZsL lbg'
kg]{5 .
-$_ s/f/ ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ cg';f/ lbOg] k]ZsL, k|lttkq ;DjGwL k]ZsL, sd{rf/
;]jf ljlgodfjnL cg';f/ lbO{g] cf}ifwL pkrf/ k]ZsL / b}lgs e|d0f eQf ;DjGwL k]ZsL
jfx]s cGo k]ZsL ;fwf/0ftof rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] cGTo;Dddf km5\of}{6 x'g] u/L lbg'
kg]{5 .

50

%%=

dfn;fdfg v/Lb tyf dd{t ;DjGwL k]ZsLM -!_ o; ljlgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] ePtf klg g]kfn leq jf ljb]zjf6 dfn;fdfg v/Lb ubf{ jf dd{t ;Def/
u/fp+bf ;DjlGwt kmd{ jf ljqm]tfnfO{ ;f]em} e'QmfgL lbO{ dfn;fdfg vl/b ug{ jf d/dt
;Def/ u/fp+g ;Dej gePsf] ca:yfdf To:tf] sfo{ ug{ u/fpg k|flws/0fsf] sd{rf/LnfO{
ljlgod %$ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] k]ZsL lbg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ jdf]lhd dfn;fdfg vl/b ug{ cfkm\gf] sfof{nosf
sd{rf/LnfO{ k]ZsL lbO{ k7fpg' kg]{ x'g cfPdf ;fwf/0ftof sfof{no k|d'v / n]vf
k|d'vnfO{ k]ZsL lbOg] 5}g .

%^=

b}lgs tyf e|d0f eQf k]ZsLM -!_ k|flws/0fsf] s'g} kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ljlgod
%$ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd :jb]z jf ljb]zdf e|d0f, sfh, tflnd, ;]ldgf/ jf uf]i7Ldf
k7fpbf jf v08 -u_ adf]lhd s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ Ps sfof{noaf6 csf]{ sfof{nodf g]kfn
ljB't k|flws/0f e|d0f vr{ ljlgodfjnL cg';f/ kfpg] e|d0f vr{ / b}lgs eQf /sd
clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] :jLs[ltdf k]ZsL lbO{g]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ jdf]lhd ;?jf eO{ hfFbf lbPsf] k]ZsL /sdsf] hfgsf/L
k]ZsL lbg] sfof{non] xfnsf] sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . k]ZsL kfPsf] sd{rf/Ln] klg
cfkm"n] lnPsf] k]ZsL /sdsf] kmf+6jf/L xfnsf] sfof{nodf xflh/ ePsf] k}tL; lbgleq
k]z ug'{kg]{5 . ;f] kmf+6jf/L sfof{non] a'em]sf] lg:;f lbO{ kGw| lbgleq k]ZsL km5\of]{6
u/L ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{5 .
-#_ e|d0f cfb]zdf tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf e|d0fsf] nflu lnPsf] k]ZsL cGo sfo{df
vr{ ug{ kfOg] 5}g .

%&=

kmd{ jf ;+:yfnfO{ lbOg] k]ZsLM -!_ o; ljlgofjnLdf cGoq pNn]v ul/Psf] afx]s lgdf{0f
Joj;foL, cfk'lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfos;+u ePsf] s/f/ ;Demf}tf adf]lhd
df]ljnfO{h]zg jfkt k]lZs lbg' k/]df sfd k"/f x'g' kg]{ egL tf]lsPsf] Dofb leq sfd
k"/f geO{ k]ZsL jfFsL /xg uPdf To:tf] k]ZsL /sdsf] Dofb gf3]sf] ldlt b]lv jflif{s
bz k|ltztsf b/n] Jofh / ;fFjf ;d]t j'emfpg' kg]{ zt{ pNn]v u/L s/f/ ;Demf}tf
/sdsf] jL; k|ltzt /sddf ga9fO{ ljlgod %$ sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhd k]ZsL lbg
;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ jdf]lhd k]ZsL lbbf s/f/ ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ eP kl5 bz
k|ltzt;Dd / afFsL bz k|ltztnfO{ sfo{ k|ultsf] cfwf/df lbg] u/L s/f/ ;Demf}tfdf
Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f]xL cg'?k k]ZsL lbg' kg]{5 .
51

-#_ pkljlgod -!_ jdf]lhd k]ZsL lbbf To:tf] k]ZsL a/fa/sf] /sdsf] k]ZsL
km5\of}{6 u/L ;Sg' kg]{ cjlw eGbf slDtdf Ps dlxgfsf] cjlw a9L ePsf] g]kfn /fi6
a}+saf6 O{hfht k|fKt afl0fHo a}+saf6 hf/L ePsf] j}+s hdfgt lng' kg]{5 .
-$_ s'g} dgfl;j sf/0f k/L lbO{Psf] k]ZsL km5\of}{6sf] Dofb a9fpg' k/]df j}+s
hdfgtsf] Dofb klg ;f]xL cg'?k a9fpg nufpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ o; ljlgoddf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg vl/b P]gsf] bkmf $! sf] pk
bkmf -!_ v08 -3_ adf]lhd k|f]k/fO{6/L :j?ksf] dfn;fdfg vl/bsf] nflu To:tf]
dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{ cfk"lt{stf{n] zt k|ltzt /sd gk7fO{ dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ gug]{
tyf a}+s hdfgt ;d]t k]z gug]{ zt{ /flv b/efpkq k]z u/L dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ x'g
g;Sg] eP{ k|flws/0fdf hl8t ;+oGqsf] kf6{k'hf{sf] k|lt:yfkgf jf lj:tf/ x'g g;sL
k|flws/0fnfO{ xfgL gf]S;fgL x'g] ePdf To:tf] cfk"lt{stf{sf] ljZj;gLotf tyf kq
;Demf}tfsf] cfwf/df d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tsf] l:js[tL lnO{ To:tf] dfn;fdfgsf] zt
k|ltzt d"No;Dd k]ZsLsf] ?kdf k7fpg ;lsg]5 .
%*=

d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t / ;+rfnsnfO{ k]ZsLM d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t / ;ldltsf

;b:onfO{ k|flws/0fsf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf e|d0fdf hfg' k/]sf] cj:yfdf ljlgod %$ sf]
pkljlgod -!_ sf] v08 -v_ jdf]lhd lbO{g] k]ZsL jfx]s cGo s'g} k|of]hgsf] nflu
k]ZsL lbO{g] 5}g .

%(=

k|lttkqf/f dfn;fdfg lemsfpbfsf] k]ZsLM sfof{non] k|lttkq vf]nL dfn;fdfg

lemsfpg' k/]df jf lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpg' k/]df ;DaGwLt kf6L{n] e'QmfgL kfpg] u/L
;DalGwt jfl0fHo a}+sdf k|lttkq vf]nL k]ZsL hgfO{ To:tf] dfn;fdfg lemsfpg jf
lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpg ;lsg]]5 .
-@_ k|lttkqsf] dfWodaf6 dfn;fdfg vl/b lemsfpbf ;f] sf] clen]v cg';"rL&
adf]lhd /fVg' kg]{5 .

^)=

k]ZsL km5\of{}6 ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd lbOPsf] k]ZsL tf]lsPsf]
Dofb leq tf]lsPsf] sfo{ljlw ckgfO{ km5of]{6 ug'{ u/fpg' k]ZsL lbg] lng] b'j}sf] st{Jo
x'g]5 .
-@_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd lnP lbPsf]] k]ZsL b]xfo adf]lhd km5\of}{6 ug'{ u/fpg'
kg]{5M
-s_ dfn;fdfg vl/b ug{ jf dd{t ;Def/ ug{sf] nflu k|flws/0fsf] s'g}
sd{rf/Ln] k]ZsL lnPsf] ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] dfn;fdfg vl/b u/L jf
52

-v_

-u_

-3_
-_
-r_

-5_

dfn;fdfg d/dt ;Def/ u/fO{ k|flws/0fdf kms]{sf] ldltn] al9df kG

lbg leq ;f] k]ZsL /sd km5\of}{6 ug{ dfn;fdfg bflvnf k|lta]]bg ;lxt
lan e/kfO{ k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
e|d0f, sfh, tflnd, ;]ldgf/ jf uf]i7Ldf hfg] sd{rf/Ln] lnPsf] k]ZsL ;f]
sfo{ ;DkGg u/L sfof{nodf xflh/ ePsf] ldltn] k}tL; lbg leq To:tf]
e|d0f, sfh, tflnd, ;]ldgf/ jf uf]i7Ldf hfg ;DalGwt clwsf/ k|fKt
clwsf/Lsf] cfb]z, lan ekf{O{ / e|d0f k|lta]bg h:tf sfuhftx? ;+nUg
u/L b}lgs e|d0f eQfsf] kmfF6jf/L k|flws/0fdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
;?jf eO{ cfpg] sd{rf/Ln] ;?jf ePsf] sfof{nodf xflh/ ePsf] ldltn]
k}+tL; lbg leq ;?jf kq / lan ekf{O{ ;lxt b}lgs e|d0f eQfsf]
kmfF6jf/L xfnsf] sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] kmf+6jf/L xfnsf] sfof{non]
kGw| lbg leq :jLs[t u/L ;flas sfof{nosf] k]ZsL /sd ;f]wegf{
k7fpg] jf zfvf lx;fjdf n]vf+sg ug'{ kg]{5 . xfnsf] sfof{non] ;DalGwt
sd{rf/LnfO{ kmfF6jf/L a'em]sf] tyf k]ZsL km5\of]{6sf] hfgsf/L ;d]t
lbg'kg]{5 .
v08 -s_, -v_ / -u_ adf]lhd k]ZsL km5\of}{6sf] nflu lx;fa k]z ubf{
k]ZsL lnPsf] /sd a9L eO{ k]ZsL afFsL x'g] ePdf To;/L afFsL ePsf]
/sd ;d]t lkmtf{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
s'g} k|of]hgsf] nflu lnPsf] k]ZsL ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu vr{ gx'g] ePdf
To:tf] k]ZsL lnPsf] ;ft lbg leq lkmtf{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
k|lttkqf/f dfn;fdfg lemsfpFbf jf lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpbf n]lvPsf] k]ZsL
cfkmgf] sfof{nodf dfn;fdfg k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbg leq To:tf]
k]ZsL /sd km5\of}{6 ug{' kg]{5 . dfn;fdfg pknJw u/fpg] ;DjlGwt kmd{
jf ljqm]tfn] tf]lsPsf] ;doleq dfn;fdfg pknJw u/fpg g;s]df
;fwf/0ftof k|lttkq /2 ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f] jfkt j}+sdf hDdf ePsf] /sd
lkmtf{ lnO{ k]ZsL km5\of}{6 ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L dfn ;fdfg pknJw gu/fpg]
jf lgdf{0f sfo{ gug]{ kmd{ jf ;+:yfnfO{ lgodfg';f/ sf/jfxL ug'{ kg]{5 .
k|lttkqf/f dfn;fdfg lemsfpFbf jf lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpbf s/f/ ;Demf}tf
adf]lhd l/6]G;g dlgsf] /sd k|lttkqdf /f]Ssf u/L /fVg' kg]{ ePdf
;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] ;fdfg cfk"lt{ eO{ ;s] kl5 jf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg
eO{ jf/]06L cjlw jf q'6L ;Rofpg] cjlw ;'? eP kl5 dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{
;DaGwL k|lttkqsf] xsdf ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] To:tf] dfn;fdfgsf]
jf/]G6L cjlw tyf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DaGwL k|lttkqsf] xsdf lgdf{0f sfo{sf]
q'6L ;Rofpg] cjlw ;'? eP kl5 To:tf] jf/]06L cjlw jf q'6L ;Rofpg]
cjlw eGbf slDtdf Ps dlxgf yk cjlw ;d]t vfDg] u/L afl0fHo
a}+saf6 hf/L ePsf] a}+s hdfgt k]z ePdf l/6]G;g dlg jfktsf] /sd
53

e'QmfgLsf] cfb]z lbO{ k|lttkqsf] k]ZsL /sd km5\of}{6 u/L k|lttkq aGb
ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd k]ZsL km5\of}{6sf] nflu k]z ePsf] kmfF6jf/L hfFr u/L
n]vf k|d'vn] kGw| lbg leq k]ZsL km5\of}{6 u/L e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{ ePdf ;DalGwt
sd{rf/LnfO{ e'QmfgL u/L k]ZsL km5\of}6sf] k|df0f ;DalGwt sd{rf/L jf JolQmnfO{ lbg'
kg]{5 .
-$_ k|flws/0fsf] sd{rf/L afx]s cGo lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk'lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf
;]jf k|bfosnfO{ lbPsf] k]ZsL, k]ZsL km5\of}{6 ug{ tf]lsPsf] Dofb leq km5\of{}6 gePdf
a}+s hdfgtsf] cjlw leq} a}+s hdfgt lbg] ;DalGwt a}+sdf kq k'Ug] u/L hdfgt /sd
k|flws/0fdf k7fpg kq n]Vg' kg]{5 . s'g} sf/0fa; o:tf] k]ZsL km5\of}{6 x'g g;s]df
aflif{s ;os8f bz k|ltztn] x'g] Aofh ;d]t k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd c;"n pk/ ug'{
kg]{5 . c;"n pk/ x'g g;s]df a}+s hdfgtsf] cg'udg ug{ tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Laf6 c;"n
pk/ ul/g]5 .
^!=

Dofb yk ug{ ;lsg]M o; ljlgodfjnLdf tf]lsPsf] Dofb leq k]ZsL km5\of}{6 ug{ g;Sg]
dgfl;j sf/0f v'nfO{ k]ZsL :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/L ;dIf lgj]bg lbPdf lghn] tL; lbg
;Dd Dofb yk u/L lbg ;Sg]5 .

^@=

cl3Nnf] k]ZsL km5\of}{6 gx'+b} yk k]ZsL lbg gx'g]M s'g} JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sd{rf/LnfO{
cl3Nnf] k]ZsL km5\of}{6 gx'+b} o; ljlgodfjnLdf cGoq pNn]v ePsf] cj:yfdf jfx]s
yk k]ZsL lbOg] 5}g .

^#=

k]ZsL :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/L lhDd]jf/ x'g]M o; ljlgodfjnLdf pNn]v ePsf] Joj:yf
jfx]s s;}nfO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] k]ZsL lbPdf To:tf] k]ZsL :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/Ljf6 c;"n
pk/ ul/g]5 .

^$=

ljefuLo sf/jfxL ul/g]M -!_ k|flws/0fsf] sd{rf/Lsf] gfddf /x]sf] k]ZsL tf]lsPsf] Dofb
leq km5\of}{6 gu/]df jf x'g g;s]df ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] tna eQf nufot
h'g;'s} ;'ljwf /sdaf6 clu|d ;"rgf lbO{ jf glbO{ Dofb gf3]sf] ldlt b]vL aflif{s
;os8f bz k|ltztn] x'g] Aofh ;d]t s6\6f u/L c;"n pk/ ul/g]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd tLg dlxgf leq k]ZsL km5\of}6 x'g g;s]df lgh
pk/ k|flws/0fsf] sd{rf/Lx? ;]jf ljlgodfjnL jdf]lhd ljefuLo sf/jfxL ;d]t ul/g]5
.
54

kl/R5]b (
sfuhft w'Nofpg] ;DaGwL Joj:yf
^%=

sfuhft w'Nofpg]M -!_ b]xfP cg';f/sf sfuhftx? b]xfosf] cjlw gf3]kl5 b]xfo adf]lhd
ug{ ;lsg]5 M
-s_ sfd
tfd]n
ePsf]
tLg
jif{kl5
b]xfosf
sfuhftx?
dxfk|aGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zssf] :jLs[ltdf w'Nofpg ;lsg]5M
-!_ b}lgs k|ltj]bgx?,
-@_ ljlgoddf ;dfj]z e};s]sf kl/kqx?, /
-#_ ld6/ l/l8 ;DaGwL sfp06/ km\joN; .
-v_ sfd tfd]n ePsf] bz jif{ kl5 b]xfosf sfuhftx? D'Vo k|zf;sLo
clws[tsf] :jLs[ltdf w'Nofpg ;lsg]5M
-!_ u|fxs lx:6 sf8{ tyf cfo lx;fj ;DaGwL ljj/0fx?, sd{rf/Lx?sf]
;fk6L, e'QmfgL u/]sf] ef}r/, ls:tfjGbL, b}lgs eQf, e|d0f eQf,
jLn ef}r/x?, gubL ef}r/x?, k]6L Sof; ;fgf] gubL sf]if ;DjGwL
jLn ef}r/ tyf ljj/0fx?,
-@_ /fli6o :t/sf lgdf{0f sfo{ afx]ssf cGo lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DjGwL
;Demf}tf 7]Ssf k6[f ;DjGwL sfuhftx?,
-#_ sd{rf/Lsf] b/jGbL cfb]z,
-$_ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ;DjGwL sfuhft,
-%_ n]vf kl/If0fsf] k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg .
-u_ b]xfosf sfuhftx? slxNo} w'Nofpg kfO{g] 5}gM
-!_ ;ldltsf lg0f{ox? / ;f] ;DjGwL sfuhftx?,
-@_ ljB't dx;"n b/ lgwf{/0f ;DaGwL sfuhft,
-#_ z]o/ k|df0f kqx? tyf C0f kqx? / ;f] ;DaGwL sfuhft,
-$_ n]vf k/LIfssf] clGtd, k|ltj]bg tyf jf;nft,
-%_ 3/ hUuf tyf cGo rn crn ;Dkltsf] :jfldTj ;DjGwL / ;f]
;DjGwdf c8\8f cbfntsf] lg0f{o, km};nf cflb sfuhftx?,
-^_ w'NofOPsf sfuhftx?sf] ljj/0f v'n]sf] nut,
-&_ c8\8f cbfntdf ljjfbdf /x]sf laifo ;DaGwL sfuhft,

55

-*_

Ph ljN8 gS;f, :yfO{ ;+/rgf tyf d]zLg pks/0fsf] 8O{,

l8hfO{g,
-(_ lbUbz{gx?,
-!)_ u|fxssf] nut kmfon tyf ;f] ;DaGwL sfuhft,
-!!_ /fli6o :t/sf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DjGwL ;Demf}tf 7]Ssf k6[f ;DjGwL
sfuhftx?,
-!@_ ;ldlt / d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn] gw'Nofpg] egL cfb]z u/]sf
sfuhftx? .
-@_ sfuhft w'Nofpg] ;DjGwdf sfof{no k|d"vn] cfkmgf sfof{nosf ;DjlGwt
b"O{hgf jl/i7 clws[tsf] l;kmfl/z lnO{ sfuhftsf] k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df v08 -s_ / -v_
adf]lhd sfd tfd]n ePsf] tLg jif{kl5 tyf sfd tfd]n ePsf] bz aif{ kl5 k|To]s
jif{sf] efb| dlxgfdf km]xl/:t tof/ u/fO{ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] lnlvt cfb]z lnO{
w'Nofpg' kg]{5 .
t/ cfos/ lgwf{/0f tyf n]vf kl/If0f jf k|flws/0fsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Dd
;f];+u ;DjlGwt s'g} sfuhftx? w'NofOg] 5}g .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ df pNn]v eP jfx]ssf cGo sfuhftx?sf] dxTj x]/L slt
jif{kl5 w'Nofpg] eGg] s'/fsf] lg0f{o d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn] ug{ ;Sg]5 .

56

kl/R5]b !)
kbflwsf/Lx?sf] cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwL sfd tyf st{Jo
^^=

d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tsf] sfd tyf st{JoM P]g / ;f] P]g cGtu{t jg]sf ljlgodfjnL
tyf o; ljlgodfjnLdf cGoq pNn]v ePsf] sfd tyf st{Josf] cltl/Qm k|flws/0fsf]
d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tsf] cfly{s k|zf;g ;DjGwL sfd tyf st{Jo b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g]5
M
-s_ k|flws/0fsf] bL3{sflng tyf cfjlws of]hgf tof/ u/L :jLs[ltsf nflu
;ldltdf k]z ug]{,
-v_ ;ldltf/f tf]lsPsf] dfu{ lgb]{zg tyf jh]6 ;Ldf cg';f/ cfufdL cfly{s
jif{sf] jh]6 tyf jflif{s sfo{qmd tof/ u/L :jLs[ltsf nflu ;ldltdf k]z
ug]{,
-u_ ;ldltn] gof+ cfly{s jif{sf] nflu jh]6 tyf sfo{qmd :jLs[t u/]kl5
vr{sf] zLif{sx? v'n]sf] jh]6 ljj/0f ;lxt vr{ ug]{ clVtof/L ljefuLo
k|d'v tyf sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ k7fpg],
-3_ dftxtsf] ljefu tyf sfof{nox?sf] s'g} jh]6 /sdsf] lgsf;f k'/} jf
cf+lzs /f]Ssf /fVg cfjZos k/]df tbg';f/ /f]Ssf u/L n]vf zfvf /
;DjlGwt ljefusfof{nonfO{ hfgsf/L lbg],
-_ k|flws/0fsf] cfo, Joo ;DjGwL cfjlws ljj/0fx? tf]lsPsf] ;do leq
tof/ u/fpg],
-r_ k|flws/0f cGtu{t df}h'bf rfn" tyf l:y/ ;DkQLx? tyf hgzlQmsf]
ljj/0f cBfjlws u/L /fVg nufpg],
-5_ k|flws/0fsf] cfly{s sf/f]jf/sf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udg u/L u/fO{ cfly{s
cg'zf;g tyf lgb]{zgx? kfngf ug{ nufpg] / k|flws/0fsf] cfly{s
bfoLTjsf] lhDd]jf/L lng],
-h_ :jLs[t sfo{s|d tyf ah]6 sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg u/L u/fO{ cfjZos
lgb]{zg lbg],
-em_ ;]jf lgj[Q ePdf a/a'emf/y ug]{ .

^&=

ljefuLo k|d'vsf] sfd tyf st{JoM ljefuLo k|d'vsf] sfd tyf st{Jo ljlgod ^*
adf]lhd sfof{no k|d'vsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] sfd / st{Josf] cltl/Qm b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g]5
M

57

-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
-_
^*=

jh]6 th'{df tyf dftxtsf sfof{noaf6 tof/ ePsf] sfo{s|d tyf ah]6
kl/dfh{g tyf Plss[t u/L tf]lsPsf] ;do leq tfn's sfof{nodf k]z
ug]{ u/fpg],
n]vfk/LIf0faf6 cf}NofOPsf a]?h"sf] nut / km5\of}{6sf] k|ult cBfjlws
ug]{ u/fpg],
cGt/ut sfof{nox?sf] :jLs[t sfo{s|d tyf ah]6 sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg
u/L u/fO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg],
cfly{s sf/f]jf/ ubf{ n]vf /fVg] / tT;DaGwL k|lta]bgx? k]z ubf{ n]vf
lgb]{lzsf, sfo{ljlw, kl/kq, lg0f{o tyf lgb]{zgx?sf] kfngf ug]{u/fpg],
tfn's sfof{non] ;do ;dodf lbPsf] lgb]{zg adf]lhdsf] sfo{ .

sfof{no k|d'vsf] sfd tyf st{JoM -!_ sfof{no k|d'vsf] sfd, st{Jo / pQ/bfloTj
sfof{no k|dv
' n] ug'{ kg]{ egL o; ljlgodfjnLdf cGoq n]lvPsf] cltl/Qm b]xfo adf]lhd
x'g]5 M
-s_ jh]6 th'{df ;DjlGwt sfo{x? tf]lsPsf] ;do leq k"/f u/L k]z ug]{
u/fpg],
-v_ :jLs[t jh]6 clVtof/L jdf]lhd lgsf;f k|fKt u/L :jLs[t ah]6sf] kl/lwleq
/xL vr{ ug]{u/fpg],
-u_ sfof{nodf bflvnf x'g cfPsf] /sd tyf vr{ ePsf] /sdsf] n]vf+sg tyf
cBfjlws?kdf clen]vg /fVg nufpg] / sfof{nosf] ;dli6ut cfly{s
sf/f]jf/sf] pQ/ bfloTj jxg ug],{
-3_ sfof{nosf] rn / l:y/ ;DklQdf xfgL gf]S;fgL x'g gkfpg] u/L cfGtl/s
lgoGq0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] / ;f] sf] cg'udg ug]{, u/fpg],
-_ cfly{s sf/f]jf/ ubf{ cfk\mgf] dftxtsf sd{rf/Lx? pk/ /]vb]v k'ofO{ gub
lhG;Ldf s'g} lsl;dsf] lxgfldgf, xfgL gf]S;fgL jf nfk/jfxL ;d]t x'g
gkfpg] u/L ;'/lIft /fVg plrt k|jGw u/L sfof{nodf cfly{s cg'zf;g
sfod ug]{, u/fpg],

58

-r_ ljB't dx;'n, k]ZsL, ;fk6L / c;'n pk/ ug'{ kg]{ /sd tf]lsPsf] ;dodf
c;'n pk/ ug]{ / sfof{nodf hDdf x'g cfPsf] /sd tf]lsP adf]lhd a}+sdf
hDdf ug]{, u/fpg] / To;/L hDdf ePsf] /sdsf] cg'udg ug]{u/fpg],
-5_ o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd vr{ ubf{ g]kfn n]vfdfg, ;j{dfGo n]vfs+g l;4fGt
tyf Jojxf/, n]vf+sg gLlt, n]vf k|0ffnL lbUbz{g / ;ldltn] ;do ;dodf
tf]s] adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw tyf lgwf{/Lt 9+frfdf n]vf+sg tyf n]vf+sg
clen]vgsf] nflu ljn, ekfO{, sfo{ laa/0f tyf sfuhft k|dfl0ft u/fO{
lx;fj lstfj /fVg] jf /fVg nufpg],
-h_ cfly{s sf/f]jf/sf] a}wflgs n]vfk/LIf0f, s/ n]vfk/LIf0f, cfGtl/s
n]vfk/LIf0f / sfo{;Dkfbg n]vfk/LIf0f u/fO{ ;f] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 cfPsf a]?h"
lgoldt u/fpg] jf c;'n pk/ u/L km5\of}{6 ug]{ u/fpg],
-em_ n]vfk/LIf0fsf] l;nl;nfdf n]vfk/LIfsn] ;f]w]sf, dfu u/]sf tyf vf]h]sf
laa/0f oyfzL3| pknAw ug]{ u/fpg] Aoj:yf ldnfpg] . n]vfk/LIfsn] dfFu
u/]sf] k|df0f ckof{Kt eP yk k|df0f klg oyfzL3| pknAw u/fO{ ;s];Dd
n]vfk/LIf0f s}lkmot x'g glbg] Aoj:yf ug]{,
-`_ :ynut n]vfk/LIf0f cjlwdf cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] clen]v k|df0f tyf k'i6\ofO{
k]z x'g g;sL sfod ePsf] n]vfk/LIf0f s}lkmotx?sf] clGtd k|ltj]bg k]z
x'g' cl3 To; ;DjGwL k|df0f clgjfo{ ?kdf ;Dk/LIf0fsf] nflu ;f]em} jf n]vf
ljefu dfkm{t pknAw u/fO{ s}lkmot ePsf ljifo x6fpg],
-6_ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] j]?h"' sfof{no k|d'v cfkm}n] k|df0f h'6fO{
tTsfn lgoldt ug{ ;Sg]df cfkm}n] lgoldt ug]{ / cfkm}n] lgoldt ug{ g;Sg]
a]?h" tfn's sfof{nodf ;dod} lgoldt ug{sf] nflu k|df0f ;lxt k]z ug]{,
-7_ a}wflgs n]vfk/LIf0f x'g' cl3 cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0faf6 lg:s]sf j]?h"
lgoldt jf km5\of}{6 u/fO{ ;Sg] . lgoldt jf km5\of}{6 x'g g;s]sf] ;DjGwdf
nut /fvL tfn's sfof{nodf k]z ug]{,
-8_ a}wflgs n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgaf6 k|fKt x'g cfPsf j]?h" tf]lsPsf] cjlw leq,
;Dk/LIf0fsf] nflu cfjZos k|df0f ;xLt k|lts[of pknJw u/fpg,
-9_ n]vf+sg sfo{sf] nflu tf]lsPsf] ;do tflnsf jf n]vf+sg kfqf] adf]lhd sfo{
;DkGg ug]{,

59

-0f_ n]vfk/LIf0faf6 cf}NofOPsf a]?h"sf] nut / km5\of}{6sf] k|ult cBfjlws u/L

/fVg],
-t_ g]kfn n]vfdfg, ;j{dfGo n]vf+sg l;4fGt, rng, Jojxf/, n]vf lbUbz{g, P]g
lgod / ;do ;dodf ;ldltn] tf]s] cg';f/ ;j} cfly{s sf/f]jf/ ePsf] 5
eGg] ljZjZt u/fpg Aoj:yfkg :jLsf/ kq (Management Representation
Letter) tof/ u/L dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs cGtu{tsf sfof{no
k|d'vn] ;DjlGwt dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs ;dIf /
dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn] d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t ;dIf k]z ug]{,
-y_ cg';"rL @ adf]lhd cfkm"nfO{ :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/ gePdf Ps tx dflysf]
clwsf/L dfkm{t :jLs[tLsf] nflu k]z ug]{,
-b_ tf]lsPsf] ;dofjlw leq k|lta]bg k]z ug]{ .
^(= n]vf k|d'vsf] sfd tyf st{JoM -!_ n]vf k|d'vn] ug'{ kg]{ egL o; ljlgodfjnLdf cGoq
n]lvPsf] sfd,st{Jo / pQ/bfloTjsf] cltl/Qm n]vf k|dv
' sf] sfd, st{Jo / pQ/bfloTj
b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_
-v_

cfufdL aif{sf] sfo{s|d tyf jh]6 th'{df ug{ sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ ;xof]u
ug]{,
g]kfn n]vfdfg, ;fdfGo n]vf+sg l;4fGt rng / Aojxf/, n]vf lbUbz{g /
;ldltn] tf]s] cg';f/sf cfDbfgL, vr{, ;DklQ / bfloTjsf] n]vf+sg tyf
clen]v /Ltk"j{s /fVg] jf /fVg nufpg],

-u_

n]vf+sg sfo{sf] nflu tf]lsPsf] ;do tflnsf jf n]vf+sg kfqf] adf]lhd

sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{, x/]s Aoj;fosf n]vf k|d'vx?n] cfkm" cGtu{tsf
sfof{no tyf cfof]hgfsf lx;fj ;d]t PsLs[t u/L n]vf ljefudf
k7fpg],

-3_

cBfjlws n]vf+sg clen]vgsf] cfwf/df ljQLo ljj/0fx? / ;Gt'ng

k/LIf0f / ;f] ;+u ;DjlGwt cg';"rL Pj+ cGo n]vf ljj/0f lglb{i6 ;do
tflnsf adf]lhd tof/ u/L tf]lsPsf] lgsfodf k]z ug]{,

-_ cfly{s sf/f]jf/ ubf{ P]g, ljlgodfjnL, lglb{i6 lbUbz{g / sfo{ljlw cg'?k

eP gePsf] PsLg u/L /fo ;fy sfof{no k|d'v ;dIf k]z ug]{,
-r_

:jLs[t ah]6sf] kl/lwleq /xL vr{ n]vf+sg ug]{,

60

&)=

-5_

n]vf laa/0f tyf df}Hbftsf] ;dLIff tyf cg'udg cfjlws ?kdf u/L
;f]sf] ljZn]if0f laa/0f tof/ u/L ;'wf/fTds sfo{jfxLsf] nflu sfof{no
k|d'v;dIf k]z ug]{,

-h_

n]vfk/LIf0faf6 cf}+NofO{Psf] j]?h" km5\of}{6 ug{ k|lts[of ;xLt cfwf/e"t

k|df0f ;+nUg u/L dfl;s k|ult ljj/0f sfof{no k|dv
' ;dIf k]z ug]{ .

-em_

g]kfn n]vfk/LIf0fdfgn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{ug]{ argkq

n]vfk/LIf0f k|f/De ug{' cl3 / n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePkl5 Joj:yfkg
:jLsf/ kqdf (Management Represention Letter) ;xL u/L sfof{no
k|d'v ;dIf k]z ug]{,

-`_

cfk"m ;?jf jf j9'jf eO{ hf+bf cfkmgf] lhDdfsf] ;Dk"0f{ >]:tf gub / j}+s
df}Hbft, j]?h" nut / clen]vx? xfnjfnf jf sfof{no k|d'vn] tf]s]sf]
sd{rf/LnfO{ j/j'emf/y ug]{ .

:6f]/ k|d'vsf] sfd tyf st{JoM :6f]/ k|d'vsf]] sfd tyf st{Jo b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_ sfof{no k|d'vsf] cfb]z lnO{ dfn;fdfgsf] cfDbfgL vr{ u/L ;f]sf]
clen]v /fVg],
-v_ vr{ eP/ ghfg] dfn;fdfgdf lhG;L vftf kfgf gDa/ / vl/b ePsf]
cfly{s aif{ pNn]v ug]{,
-u_ k|flws/0fsf] k|To]s sf]7fdf /x]sf] vr{ eP/ ghfg] dfn;fdfgsf] km]xl/:t
agfO{ Ps k|lt ;DjlGwt sf]7fdf / Ps k|lt e08f/ zfvfdf /fVg],
-_ vr{ eP/ ghfg] JolQmut lhDdf /xg] dfn;fdfgsf] ;xfos vftf JolQmut clen]v_ /fVg],
-r_ d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t, ljefuLo k|d'v, n]vf k|d'v, n]vf k/LIfs jf
k|rlnt sfg"gn] clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] clwsf/Laf6 ul/g] lg/LIf0f / ef}lts
k/LIf0fsf] nflu ef}lts ;DkQL / ;f]sf] n]vf cBfalws /fVg],
-5_ lnnfd las|L jf ldGxf ug'{ kg]{ dfn;fdfgsf] ljj/0f tof/ u/L lnnfd
las|L jf ldGxfsf] nflu sfof{no k|d'v ;dIf k]z ug]{,
-h_ e08f/df df}Hbft /x]sf dfn;fdfgx?sf] plrt ;+/If0f tyf cfGtl/s
lgo+q0f x'g] / vf]h]sf] ;dodf kfpg] u/L Joal:yt tl/sfn] /fVg] /

61

-em_

&!=

cfkm" ;?jf, a9'jf jf casfz eO{ hfFbf cfgf] lhDdfsf] ;Dk"0f{ lhG;L,
lhG;L ;|]:tf tyf clen]vx? xfnjfnf jf xfnjfnf xflh/ x'g gcfPsf]
cj:yfdf sfof{no k|d'vn] tf]s]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ a/a'f/y ug]{ .

vl/b OsfO{ k|d'vsf] sfd tyf st{JoM ljlgod &$ df tf]lsPsf] sfd tyf st{Josf
cltl/Qm vl/b O{sfO{ k|d'vsf] sfd tyf st{Jo b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_ vl/b of]hgf tof/ u/L k]z ug]{,
-v_ vl/bsf] cfaZostf klxrfg u/L k]z ug]{,
-u_ vl/bsf] ahf/ cWoog u/L ug{ nufO{ k]z ug]{,
-3_ dfn ;fdfg vl/bsf] nflu k|fljlws :k]l;lkms]zg, lgdf{0f sfo{ vl/bsf]
nflu gS;f l8hfO{g tyf k|fljlws :k]l;lkms]zg, k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/bsf]
nflu sfo{If]qut zt{x? tyf cGo ;]jfsf] nflu ;]jf ;DaGwL ljj/0f tof/
ug{ nufpg],
-_ ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] tof/ u/]sf] gd"gf af]nkq ;DaGwL
sfuhft -:6\of088{ ljl8 8s'd]G6_, gd"gf k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft :6\of088{ lk|Sjflnlkms]zg 8s'd]G6_, gd"gf vl/b ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL
sfuhft -:6\of088{ sG6|\ofS6 8s'd]G6_ df cfjZostfg';f/ x]/km]/ u/L
k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft, af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft / vl/b ;Demf}tf
;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ u/L k]z ug]{,
-r_ ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] tof/ u/]sf] gd"gf k|:tfa dfu
;DaGwL sfuhft -:6\of088{ /]Sj]:6 km/ k|kf]hn_ df cfjZostfg';f/
x]/km]/ u/L k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ u/L k]z ug]{,
-5_ vl/b ;DaGwL ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sfzg u/L k]z ug]{,
-h_ k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft, af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft ljt/0f ug{] jf
k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhft k7fpg],
-em_ k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj, af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj k|fKt ug]{ /
To;nfO{ ;'/lIft tl/sfn] /fVg],
-`_ kg{ cfPsf k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj, af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj
d"Nofsgsf] nflu d"Nofsg ;ldltdf k]z ug]{ / d"Nof+lst af]nkq
:jLs[ltsf] nflu k]z ug]{,
-6_ k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj, af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj :jLs[ltsf] ;"rgf
lbg]],

62

-7_
-8_
-9_
-0f_
-t_
-y_
-b_

sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt lng] / a}+s hdfgtx?sf] k/LIf0f u/L ;'/lIft

tl/sfn] /fVg], cg'udg ug]{ tyf ;DalGwt a}+sdf bfjL k7fpg' kg]{
cj:yfdf ;dodf g} bfjL k7fpg],
vl/b u/]sf] dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ug{]
u/fpg],
;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] dfu u/]sf] hfgsf/L / sfuhft
pknAw u/fpg],
vl/b sf/jfxL;+u ;DalGwt sfddf ;dGjo ug]{,
vl/b df+u ;+sng u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu sfof{no k|d'v ;dIf k]z ug]{,
k|lttkqsf] clen]v /fVg] /
sfof{no k|d'vn] tf]s]sf] cGo sfd ug]{ .

63

kl/R5]b !!
vl/b sf/jfxLsf] tof/L, vl/b of]hgf / nfut cg'dfg
&@=

vl/b sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/LM vl/b P]g tyf o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f
u/L vl/b ;DaGwL sfo{ ug{] jf u/fpg] lhDDf]jf/L sfof{no k|d'vsf] x'g]5 .

&#=

vl/b sf/jfxLsf] tof/L ug'{ kg]{M s'g} vl/b sf/jfOsf] tof/L ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{
kg]{5 M
-s_ vl/b cfjZostfsf] klxrfg ug]{,
-v_ vl/b ;DaGwL laleGg k|fljlws s'/f ;dfwfg ug{, cfk"lt{stf{sf]
pknAwtf olsg ug{ / ahf/df k|rlnt vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] hfgsf/L
lng ;f] ;DaGwdf cWoog ug]{,
-u_ cl3Nnf] aif{x?df ;dfg k|s[ltsf] dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf k/fdz{
;]jf jf cGo ;]jf vl/b ul/Psf] eP To:tf] vl/b ;DjGwL cg'ejsf]
cWoog ug]{,
-3_ vl/bsf] laj/0f, kl/df0f / If]q Plsg ug]{,
-_ vl/bnfO{ a9L ;'ljwfhgs ;d"xdf ljefhg ug]{ jf Kofs]hdf ;dfj]z
ug{],
-r_ vl/b of]hgf tof/ ug]{],
-5_ vl/bsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{,
-h_ vl/bsf] cfly{s ;|f]t / /sdsf] klxrfg ug]{,
-em_ cGt/;DalGwt vl/b ePdf vl/bnfO{ k|fyldlss/0f ug]{,
-`_ vl/b ljlwsf] 5gf}6 ug]{,
-6_ k"j{ of]Uotfsf] sf/jfxL ug'{ kg]{ jf gkg]{ s'/f olsg ug]{ .

&$=

vl/b OsfO{ k|dvsf] lhDd]jf/L tf]Sg' kg]{M -!_ k|flws/0fn] vl/b ;DaGwL sfd ug{sf]
nflu 5'} vl/b O{sfO{ :yfkgf ePsf]] sfof{nosf] xsdf ;f] O{sfO{sf] k|d'vnfO{ / 5'}
vl/b O{sfO{ :yfkgf gePsf] sfof{nosf] xsdf s'g} O{sfO{sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ vl/b O{sfO{
k|d'vsf] lhDd]jf/L tf]Sg' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] vl/b O{sfO{ k|d'vsf] sfd tyf st{Jo
ljlgod &! adf]lhd x'g]5 .

64

&%=

vl/b dfu k|fKt ug'{ kg]{M -!_ dfn;fdfg vl/b ;DaGwL sf/jfxL z'? ug'{ cl3 vl/b
O{sfO{n] sfof{nosf] cfjZostfsf] tyf cGo O{sfO{jf6 vl/b dfu k|fKt u/L :6f]/;+u
;dGjo u/L sfof{no k|d'vaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] vl/b dfudf b]xfosf s'/f pNn]v ePsf]] x'g'
kg]{5 M
-s_ dfn;fdfgsf] k|sf/, u'0f:t/, kl/df0f ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-v_ dfn;fdfg cfaZos kg]{ ;do,
-u_ vl/bsf] cg'dflgt d"No /
-3_ d"No Joxf]l/g] ;|f]t .

&^=

clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] cfb]z lagf vl/b ug{ gx'g]M clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf]
lnlvt cfb]z lagf s;}n] s'g} vl/b ug{ u/fpg x'Fb}g .

&&=

vl/bsf] u'? of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kg]{M -!_ k|flws/0fn] Ps jif{eGbf a9L cjlw;Dd
;~rfng x'g] of]hgf jf cfof]hgfsf] nflu vl/b ubf{ jf jflif{s kRrL; s/f]8 ?k}ofF
eGbf a9L /sdsf] vl/b ug'{ kg]{ ePdf vl/bsf] u'? of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] vl/bsf] u'? of]hgfdf b]xfosf s'/fx? pNn]v
ug'{ kg{]5 M
-s_ vl/bsf] k|sf/, kl/df0f / df]6fdf]6L cg'dflgt d"No,
-v_ vl/b ljlw,
-u_ clwstd k|lt:kwf{sf] nflu vl/bnfO{ 6'SfO{g] jf Kofs]h agfOg]
eP ;f] ;DaGwL Joj:yf,
-3_ ;du| vl/b sf/afxL k"/f ug{sf] nflu ul/g] ;Demf}tfx?sf]
df]6fdf]6L ;+Vof / To:tf] vl/b sf/afxL;Fu ;DalGwt d'Vo d'Vo
sfd,
-_ vl/bsf] nflu k"j{ of]Uotfsf] sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{ eP ;f] ;DaGwL
s'/f,
-r_ vl/b sf/afxLsf] df]6fdf]6L ;do tflnsf,
-5_ ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] vl/bsf] u'? of]hgfdf
;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{ egL ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/]sf s'/f .
-#_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] vl/bsf] u'? of]hgf ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t
ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .

65

-$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhd :jLs[t ePsf] vl/bsf] u'? of]hgfnfO{ k|To]s
cfly{s jif{df cBfjlws ug'{ kg]{5 .
&*=

aflif{s vl/b of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kg]{M -!_ k|flws/0fn] cfufdL cfly{s aif{sf] cg'dflgt
aflif{s sfo{s|d tyf ah]6 tof/ ubf{ aflif{s vl/b of]hgf ;d]t tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
To;/L vl/b of]hgf tof/ ubf{ ljlgod && adf]lhd vl/bsf] u'? of]hgf tof/
ul/Psf] ePdf ;f] u'? of]hgfsf] ;d]t cfwf/ lnO{ aflif{s vl/b of]hgf tof/ ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] aflif{s vl/b of]hgf tof/ ubf{ cfufld
cfly{s aif{ el/ ug{] k|To]s vl/b ;DaGwL b]xfosf s'/fx? pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ vl/b ul/g] dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{, k/fdz{ ;]jf / cGo ;]jfsf]
ljj/0f,
-v_ vl/bsf] ;Defljt Kofs]h,
-u_ vl/b sf/jfxLsf] ;do tflnsf,
-3_ vl/b ljlw,
-_ ;Demf}tfsf] lsl;d /
-r_ ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] aflif{s vl/b of]hgfdf ;dfa]z
ug'{ kg]{ egL ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/]sf s'/f .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] ;do tflnsfdf b]xfosf] sfd
ug]{ ;dofjlw pNn]v x'g' kg]{5M
-s_ dfn;fdfg vl/b x'g]df :k]l;lkms]zg tof/ ug]{,
-v_ vl/bsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{,
-u_ l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fd, k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfa jf, af]nkq cfJxfg
ug]{ jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ug{],
-3_ l;naGbL b/efpkq, k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj, af]nkq cfJxfg jf
k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj dfu ug{ ;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{,
-_ l;naGbL b/efpkq, k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj , af]nkq jf k/fdz{
;]jfsf]k|:tfj d"Nof+g ug]{,
-r_ l;naGbL b/efpkq, k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf]
k|:tfj :jLs[lt ug{],
-5_ ;Demf}tf ug]{,
-h_ sfo{ cf/De ug{],

66

-em_ sfo{ k"/f ug{] /

-`_ k|flws/0fn] cfaZos 7fg]sf cGo s'/f .
-$_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] aflif{s vl/b of]hgf tof/ u/L
cfufdL cfly{s aif{sf] cg'dflgt aflif{s sfo{s|d tyf ah]6 ;fy To:tf] of]hgfsf] Ps
Ps k|lt ;+nUg u/L ;ldltdf k]z ug{' kg]{5 .
-%_ rfn' cfly{s aif{sf] :jLs[t sfo{s|d tyf ah]6 k|fKt eP ;f] cg'?k aflif{s
vl/b of]hgf kl/dfh{g u/L tfn's sfof{nosf] :jLs[t L lng' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd :jLs[t aflif{s vl/b of]hgfdf s'g} ;+zf]wg ug'{
kg]{ ePdf :jLs[t sfo{s|d tyf ah]6sf] clwgdf /xL ;+zf]wg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ aflif{s vl/b of]hgfdf pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhd pNn]v ePsf] ;do
tflnsf cg';f/sf] sfd ePsf jf:tljs ldltx? ;d]t pNn]v u/L cBfjlws ug'{
kg]{5 .
-*_ tfn's sfof{non] pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhd vl/b of]hgfdf plNnlvt sfo{
;dodf ;DkGg eP gePsf] cg'udg ug{' kg]{5 .
&(= ah]6 tyf lgdf{0f:ynsf] Joj:yf M -!_ vl/bsf] nflu cfjZos ah]6 Joj:yf geO{
vl/b sf/AffxL z'? ug{' x'Fb}g .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf
ah]6sf] Joj:yf geP klg vl/b sf/afxL z'? ug{ ;lsg]5 M
-s_ ax'jif{L{o ;Demf}tf adf]lhd ul/g] vl/bsf] xsdf klxnf] jif{sf] nflu
cfjZos ah]6 Joj:yf ePkl5 cGo jif{sf] nflu vl/b sf/afxL
ug{, jf
-v_ vl/b ;DaGwL] k|f/lDes tof/L ug'{ cTofjZos eO{ l;naGbL
b/efpkq jf af]nkq cfXjfg ug]{, k"j{of]Uotfsf] b/vf:t cfXjfg
ug]{, k/fdz{bftfsf] ;"rL tof/ ug{ ;"rgf k|sfzg ug{],
k/fdz{bftfaf6 k|:tfj dfu ug{] jf l;naGbL b/efpkqsf] kmf/fd,
af]nkq jf k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft jf k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhft
pknAw u/fpg] h:tf sfo{ ug{ .
-#_ lgdf{0f:ynsf] Joj:yf geO{ ;f];+u ;DalGwt vl/b sf/afxL z'? ug'{ x'b}g
.
*)=

dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ / ;]jfsf] ljj/0f tof/ ug'{ kg]{M -!_ dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f
sfo{ jf ;]jf vl/b ug{' cl3 To; ;DaGwL :k]lzlkms]zg, of]hgf, gSzf, l8hfOg,
ljz]if cfjZostf Jff cGo ljj/0fx? tof/ ug{' kg{]5 .

67

-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ To:tf dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f
sfo{ jf ;]jfsf] ;Da j:t'ut k|fljlws tyf u'0f:t/hGo lji]fztf / sfdsf] cfwf/df
tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{
jf ;]jfsf] ljz]iftfx? :ki6?kdf a'lemg] u/L pNn]v ug]{ csf]{ s'g} pkfo gePsf]
cj:yfdf afx]s s'g} vf; a|f08, 6]8dfs{, gfd, k]6]06, l8hfOg, k|sf/, pTklQ jf
pTkfbssf] gfd pNn]v ug{ ;lsg]] 5}g .
t/ To;/L pNn]v gu/L gx'g] cj:yfdf s'g} vf; a|f08, 6]8dfs{,
gfd, k]6]06, l8hfOg, k|sf/, pTklQ jf pTkfbssf] gfd pNn]v u/L ;f]
;/x eGg] +zAbx? pNn]v ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-$_ af]nkq jf k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf dfn;fdfg jf lgdf{0f sfo{ jf
cGo ;]jfsf] k|fljlws jf u'0f:t/hGo ljz]iftfx?sf] ljj/0f / k/LIf0f -6]l:6_, dfls{+,
Kofs]lh, n]aln jf k'li6s/0fsf] k|df0fkq -sgkm/ld6L ;l6{lkms]6_ ;DaGwL cfwf/
jf ;+s]t jf zAbfjnL pNn]v ubf{ To:tf] dfn;fdfg jf lgdf{0f sfo{ jf cGo ;]jfsf]
sfd;+u c;Da4 x'g], of]Uo af]nkqbftfnfO{ vl/b k|s[ofdf ;xefuL x'g s'g} lsl;dn]
afwf k'ofpg] jf cf}lrTo lagf k|lt:kwf{nfO{ ;Lldt ug]{ u/L ljj/0f, cfwf/, ;+s]t jf
zAbfjnL pNn]v ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
*!=

dfn;fdfgsf] k|fljlws :k]l;lkms]zgdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ s'/fM dfn;fdfgsf] k|fljlws

:k]l;lkms]zg pNn]v ubf{ cfaZostf cg';f/ b]xfosf s'/f pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ cfaZos ePdf k|:tfljt sfdsf] of]hgf, gSzf / l8hfO{g,
-v_ ljn ckm SjflG66Lh,
-u_ dfn;fdfgsf] ;fGble{s ef}lts tyf /;folgs ljz]iftf, ck]lIft
sfo{;Dkfbg ;DaGwL ljz]iftf,
-3_ k|fljlws jgfj6 -sGkmLUo'/]zg_
-_ dfn;fdfgsf] cfo' cjlwe/sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ hu]8f kf6{k"hf{ /
plNnlvt ;]jf pknAw x'g] jf gx'g],
-r_ af]nkqsf ;fy k]z ug'{ kg]{ dfn;fdfgsf] ljj/0ffTds k'l:tsf jf gd"gf,
-5_ ck]lIft sfo{;Dkfbg tyf u'0f:t/ k|Tofe"tLsf] ljj/0f,
-h_ jf/]06L tyf dd{t ;+ef/ ;DjGwL Joj:yf,
-em_ dfn;fdfgaf6 jftfj/0fdf s'g} k|efj kg]{ eP To:tf] k|efj / To:tf]
k|efj sd ug{ ckgfpg' kg]{ dfkb08, /
68

-`_ cfk"lt{ ePsf] dfn;fdfg af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v ePsf]

:k]l;lkms]zg jdf]lhdsf] eP gePsf] s'/f k/LIf0f ug{ ckgfOg] dfkb08
/ tl/sf,
-6_ k|flws/0fn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
*@=

lgdf{0f sfo{sf] k|fljlws :k]l;lkms]zgdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ s'/fM lgdf{0f sfo{sf] k|fljlws
:k]l;lkms]zg pNn]v ubf{ cfaZostf cg';f/ b]xfosf s'/fx? pNn]v ug'{' kg]{5M
-s_ k|:tfljt lgdf{0f sfo{sf] sfo{If]q / pb]Zo,
-v_ lgdf{0f :ynsf] ef}lts k|s[lt / cj:yf,
-u_ k|:tfljt lgdf{0f sfo{sf] l8hfO{g, lgdf{0f, pks/0f h8fg -O/]Szg_,
pTkfbg, h8fg -OG;\6n]zg_ h:tf sfo{sf] ljj/0f,
-3_ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] x/]s PsfO{ cfO{6dsf] cg'dflgt kl/df0f ePsf] ljn ckm
SjflG6l6h,
-_ lgdf{0f sfo{af6 jftfj/0fdf k|efj kg]{ eP To:tf] k|efjsf] ljj/0f /
To:tf] k|efj sd ug{ ckgfpg' kg]{ dfkb08,
-r_ NklDa / ljB't h8fg ;DaGwL sfd ;d]t ug'{ kg]{ eP ;f] sfd ;DaGwL
laz]if k|fljlws :k]l;lkms]zg
-5_ cfk"lt{ ug'{ kg]{ pks/0f / kf6k"hf{sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f,
-h_ ck]lIft sfo{;Dkfbg jf u'0f:t/sf] k|Tofe"tL ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-em_ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ljleGg r/0fdf ul/g] lg/LIf0f tyf k/LIf0f,
-`_ sfo{ ;DkGg k/LIf0f -sDKnL;g 6]i6_,
-6_ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg eP kl5 lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{
k|fljlws sfuhft, lgdf{0f eP adf]lhdsf] b'?:t -Ph laN6_ gSzf,
pks/0f ;~rfng k'l:tsf, -ck/]l6 Dofg'cn_
-7_ lgdf{0f sfo{ :jLsf/ ug{sf] nflu k|flws/0fn] ug'{ kg]{ lg/LIf0f /
sfo{;Dkfbg -k/km/d]G;_ k/LIf0f,
-8_ lgdf{0f sfo{ k|f/De / ;DkGg ug]{ ;dosf], sfo{tflnsf /
-9_ k|flws/0fn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] cGo cfjZos s'/f .

*#=

cGo ;]jfsf] ljj/0fdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ s'/fM cGo ;]jfsf] ljj/0f pNn]v ubf{
cfjZostf cg';f/ b]xfosf s'/f v'nfpg' kg]{5M
-s_ ;]jfsf] k|of]hg / sfo{If]q,
69

-v_ ck]lIft sfo{;Dkfbg, ;]jf k|bfosn] k|bfg ug'{kg]{ sfd / ;]jf,

-u_ af]nkqbftfn] af]nkq ;fy pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ ljj/0ffTds k'l:tsf
jf gd"gf,
-3_ ;]jf k|bfosn] kfngf ug'{ kg]{ zt{,
-_ ;]jf k|bfosn] k|bfg u/]sf] ;]jf d"Nof+g ug]{ cfwf/ / tl/sf,
-r_ sfd jf ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f / lg/LIf0f,
-5_ sfo{;Dkfbg / u'0f:t/ k|Tofe"tLsf] ljj/0f, /
-h_ ;]jf k|bfosn]] k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ tflnd / ;'k/Lj]If0fsf] lsl;d /
kl/df0f,
-em_ k|flws/0fn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf cGo cfjZos s'/f .
*$= nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{ kg]{M -!_ kRrL; xhf/ ?k}of eGbf a9Lsf s'g} klg vl/bsf]
nflu nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] nfut cg'dfg clwsf/ k|fKt
clwsf/Laf6 :jLs[t ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd :jLs[t ePsf] nfut cg'dfg cg';f/ ;f]xL
cfly{s aif{ leq jf nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t ePsf] ldltn] Ps aif{ leqdf af]nkq
cfJxfgsf] ;"rgf k|sfzg gePsf] ca:yfdf o; ljlgodfjnLsf] k|s[of ckgfO{ k|To]s
cfly{s aif{df cWofjlws ug'{ kg]{5 .
*%=

lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfgM -!_ ljlgod *$ adf]lhd lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut
cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] :jLs[t u/]sf] gD;{ / ;/sf/L sfof{nox?sf] nflu
lgwf{/0f ePsf] ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] b/efp, d]lzg tyf pks/0fsf]
ef8f jf sfdbf/sf] Hofnfsf] b//]6 adf]lhd nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ To:tf] b//]6 gePdf ;Dej eP;Dd ;/sf/L sfof{non] tf]s]sf]
b/efp / ;f] gePdf nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/Ln] k|rlnt ahf/
efpsf] cfwf/df b//]6 lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ dfn;fdfg :ynut
?kdf pknAw x'g] jf gx'g] cWoog u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ nfUg] ;dofjlw
ls6fg u/L tof/ ug'{kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ lgdf{0f sfo{df pks/0f
k|of]u u/L lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsg] / k|flws/0fnfO{ ldtJooL x'g] u/L To:tf] pks/0f
k|of]usf] gD;{ cg';f/ nfut cg'dfg ug'{ kg]{5 .

70

-$_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg, To:tf]
nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{ k|fljlws eGbf Ps tx dflysf] ;DalGwt laifosf] k|fljlws
jf k|fljlwsx?sf] ;d"xnfO{ l8hfO{g 8O{ ;d]t hfFRg nufO{ s'g} q'6L b]lvPdf To:tf]
q'6L ;Rofpg nufpg' kg]{5 . sfof{nodf dflyNnf] txsf] k|fljlws gePdf ljefluo
k|d'vn] To:tf] nfut cg'dfg hfFRg] Joj:yf ldnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
*^=

dfn;fdfgsf] nfut cg'dfgM -!_ ljlgod *$ adf]lhd dfn;fdfgsf] nfut cg'dfg

tof/ ubf{ ;DalGwt dfn;fdfgsf] :k]l;lkms]zgsf] clwgdf /xL b]xfosf s'g} jf ;a}
cfwf/ adf]lhd tof/ ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ k|flws/0fn] rfn' jf cl3Nnf jif{x?df ;f]xL k|s[ltsf] vl/b ubf{ nfu]sf]
jf:tljs nfut,
-v_ :yfgLo ahf/df k|rlnt b/efp,
-u_ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3n] b//]6 hf/L u/]sf] ePdf To:tf] b//]6,
-3_ cGo ahf/sf] k|rlnt b/efp / dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{ :yfg;Dd nfUg]
cg'dflgt 9'jfgL vr{,
-_ aLdf ug'{ kg]{ ePdf aLdfsf] lk|ldod vr{,
-r_ dfn;fdfg h8fg ug{' kg]{ ePdf h8fg vr{,
-5_ s'g} tflnd lbg' kg]{ ePdf To:tf] tflnd vr{,
-h_ dfn;fdfgsf] lg/LIf0f jf k/LIf0fsf] nflu nfUg] vr{,
-em_ :k]o/ kf6{; jf d/dt ;]jf cfaZos kg]{ ePdf To:tf] :k]o/ kf6{; jf
;]jfsf] nflu nfUg ;Sg] vr{, cflb .

*&=

k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfgM -!_ ljlgod *$ adf]lhd k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nfut
cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ b]xfosf s'g} jf ;a} cfwf/ adf]lhd tof/ ug{' kg]{5M
-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg ;DaGwL s'g} gD;{ tof/
u/]sf] eP To:tf] gD;{,
-v_ ;DalGwt k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] sfo{ If]qut zt{,
-u_ k|flws/0fn] rfn' jf cl3Nnf jif{x?df ;f]xL k|s[ltsf] vl/b ubf{ nfu]sf]
jf:tljs nfut .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] nfut cg'dffg tof/ ubf{ b]xfosf vr{x?
v'nfpg' kg]{5 M

71

-s_
-v_
-u_

d'Vo hgzlQm Pa+ cGo hgzlQmsf] kfl/>lds,

e|d0f vr{, hgzlQmsf] a;f]af; vr{, sfof{no vr{, cfaZos
dfn;fdfg pks/0f / ;]jf vr{, k|lta]bg / cGo sfuhftsf]
6fG;n]zg, 5kfO{ vr{,
k/fdz{bftfn] tflnd, uf]i7L jf e|d0fsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ eP To:tf]
sfdsf] nflu nfUg] vr{ / cGo vr{ cflb .

**= cGo ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfgM -!_ ljlgod *$ adf]lhd cGo ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg
tof/ ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-s_ ef8fsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fnfO{ larf/ u/L
df]6fdf]6L nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5M
-!_ ef8fdf lnO{g] cfaZos kg]{ ;jf/L ;fwg, d]lzg/L cf}hf/,
pks/0f jf dfn;fdfgsf] ljj/0f, :k]l;lkms]zg, ca:yf / tL
j:t'x?sf] cfo'
-@_ k|rlnt ahf/ b/,
-#_ ef8fdf lng] cjlw,
-$_ O{Gwgsf] d"No / vkt /
-%_ ;ldltn] pko'Qm 7xofPsf] cGo s'/f .
-v_ 9'jfgLsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ ;/sf/L sfof{nox?sf] nflu s'g}
b//]6 lgwf{/0f ePsf] ePdf To:tf] b//]6sf] cfwf/df / To:tf] b//]6
gePsf] ca:yfdf k|rlnt ahf/ b//]6sf] cfwf/df df]6fdf]6L nfut
cg'dfg tof/ ug'{ kg{]5 .
-u_ dfn;fdfg dd{t ;Def/ ug'{ kbf{ k|flws/0fdf To; ;DaGwL ljz]if1 jf
bIf sd{rf/L eP To:tf] sd{rf/Laf6 / To:tf] sd{rf/L geP To:tf]
sfd ug]{ JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfaf6 nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
-3_ 3/ ef8f / ;]jf s/f/ ;DaGwL nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ k|rlnt ahf/
b/ cg';f/ df]6fdf]6L nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
*(=

;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] cfwf/ kfng ug'{ kg]{M nfut
cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ larf/ ug'{ kg]{ egL ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] s'g} gD;{
jf cfwf/ lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ePdf o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{
;f] cfwf/ ;d]t kfng ug'{ kg]{5 .

72

()=

nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{ s'/fM -!_ k|flws/0fn] s'g} klg vl/bsf] nfut
cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ b]xfosf] s'/f ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_

vl/b ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfd Pp6} vl/b ;Demf}tfaf6 x'g ;Sg] jf sfd
lkR5] 5'} vl/b ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{,
vl/b ;Demf}tf gaLs/0f ug{ kg]{ jf gkg]{,
vl/bsf] cGo s'g} ljsNk eP To:tf] ljsNk,
vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfd ;DkGg ug{sf] nflu nfUg ;Sg]
clwstd /sd tyf ;do, /

-@_ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ af]nkq hdfgt jf sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt
nufot df]ljnfO{h]zg / l8df]ljnfO{h]zg vr{, ladf, k/fdz{bftfnfO{ lbg' kg]{ ;'ljwf
afktsf sfo{x?, u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f, Joj;fohGo :jf:Yo / ;'/Iff, Ph ljN6 gSzf, sfo{
;Dkfbg hdfgtsf] sldzg vr{ cflbsf] 5'} cfO6d agfO{ nfut cg'dfgdf ;dfj]z
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg cg';"rL * adf]lhd x'g]5 / cGo vl/bsf]
nfut cg'dfgsf] 9f+rf g]kfn ;/sf/;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] lgwf{/0f
u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
(!=

df}h'bf ;"rL -:6flG8 lni6_ tof/ ug]{M -!_ ljlgod !^@ / !&( adf]lhd vl/b ug]{
k|of]hgsf] nflu vl/bsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL, k/fdz{bftf jf
;]jf k|bfossf] 5'f 5'} df}h'bf ;"rL tof/ u/L ;f]sf] :jLs[lt sfof{no k|d'vaf6 u/fO{
clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] df}h'bf ;"rLdf gfd ;dfa]z ubf{ cfjZos
of]Uotfsf cfwf/ lgwf{/0f u/L ;DjlGwt sfdsf] nflu of]Uo AolQm, kmd{ jf sDkgLsf]
gfd ;dfa]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ df}h'bf ;"rL tof/ ug{sf] nflu sDtLdf kGw| lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ k|To]s
cfly{s jif{sf] k|f/Dedf b]xfosf ljj/0f v'nfO{ k|flws/0fsf] k|wfg sfof{non] cGt/ut
sfof{nox?sf] nflu ;d]t /fli6o:t/sf] ;dfrf/kqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L OR5's
JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLAff6 ;DalGwt sfof{nodf lgj]bg k]z ug]{ u/L lga]bg
dfu ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL jf ;]jf k|bfossf] of]Uotf,
-v_ df}h'bf ;"rLsf] juL{s/0f ,
-u_ df}h'bf ;"rL cBfjlws ug]{ sfo{ljlw, /

73

-3_ df}h'bf ;"rL dfGo /xg] cjlw .

-$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhdsf ;"rgf k|flws/0fsf] j]e ;fO{6df ;d]t /fVg'
kg]{5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k"/f ug]{ JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf
sDkgLn] df}h'bf ;"rLdf ;dfj]z x'g lgwf{l/t ;dofjlw leq cfjZos sfuhft ;lxt
lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pkljlgod -%_ adf]lhd k|fKt lgj]bg pk/ hfFra'em u/L] pkljlgod -#_
adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k"/f u/]sf]] lgj]bsnfO{ df}h'bf ;"rLdf ;dfj]z ug{' kg]{5 .
-&_ pkljlgod -%_ adf]lhd s'g} cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL, k/fdz{bftf
jf ;]jf k|bfosn] df}h'bf ;"rLdf gfd ;dfa]z ug{ lgj]bg glbPsf] ePtf klg
;+lIfKt ;"rLdf k|ofKt dfqfdf cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf
k|bfossf] gfd ;dfa]z x'g g;s]df lautsf cfly{s aif{df u/]sf] vl/bdf
;Gtf]ifhgs?kn] sfd u/]sf] b]lvPdf jf To:tf] cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL,
k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfosn] ;f] sfd ug{ VoftL k|fKt u/]sf] cfwf/df ;d]t df}h'bf
;"rLdf gfd ;dfa]z ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-*_ df}h'bf ;"rLdf ;dfj]z ePsf jf ;f] ;"rLaf6 x6fO{Psf cfk"lt{stf{,
lgdf{0f Joj;foL jf ;]jf k|bfossf] ljj/0f k|To]s cfly{s jif{df cBfjlws u/L To:tf]
cBfjlws df}h'bf ;"rLnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf ;"rgf 6fF; ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ df}h'bf ;"rLdf g/x]sf af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfnfO{ k|flws/0faf6
cfJxfg ePsf] l;naGbL b/efpkq, af]nkq jf k|:tfjdf efu lng alGrt ug{ kfO{g]
5}g .
(@=

d"No clej[l4 s/ btf{ k|df0f kq ePsf;+u vl/b ug'{kg]{M -!_ s'g} vl/b ubf{ cfGtl/s
/fhZj sfof{noaf6 :yfoL n]vf gDa/df / d"No clea[l s/ btf{ k|df0f kq k|fKt
u/]sf JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLjf6 dfq vl/b ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg b]xfPsf] cj:yfdf d"No
clea[l s/ btf{ k|df0f kq k|fKt gu/]sf JolQm, kmd{{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLjf6
;d]t vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5M
-s_ kfFr xhf/ ?k}of eGbf sd /sdsf] dfn ;fdfg vl/b ubf{ jf lgdf{0f
sfo{ u/fpbf,
-v_ d"No clea[l s/ gnfUg] dfn ;fdfg vl/b ubf{,

74

(#=

g]kfndf pTkflbt dfn;fdfg vl/b ug'{ kg]{M -!_ o; ljlgoddf plNnlvt s'g} ljlw
5gf}6 u/L vl/b ubf{ ljb]zL dfn;fdfg eGbf g]kfndf pTkflbt dfn;fdfg bz
k|ltzt;Dd dx+uf] ePtfklg g]kfnL dfn;fdfg g} vl/b ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd vl/b ubf{ cfk"lt{stf{n] g]kfndf pTkfbg ePsf]
k|df0f (Country of Origin) k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k|fyldstf lbbf af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf ;f]
Joj:yf pNn]v u/L pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] k|df0f k]z ug'{ kg]{ s'/f ;d]t
v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg /fli6o :t/sf]
af]nkqsf] xsdf bft[ kIfsf] C0f tyf cg'bfg ;xfotfaf6 vl/b ubf{ o; ljlgodsf]
Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .

75

kl/R5]b !@
vl/b ljlw / vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] 5gf}6
($=

vl/b ljlw 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{M -!_ k|flws/0fn] s'g} vl/b ug'{ kbf{ o; ljlgodfjnLdf
plNnlvt ca:yf / d"Nosf] cfwf/df b]xfosf]] s'g} Ps ljlw ckgfO{ vl/b ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf cGo ;]jf vl/b ug'{ kbf{M
-!_ cGt/f{li6o :t/df v'Nnf af]nkq cfXjfg u/L,
-@_ /fli6o :t/df v'Nnf af]nkq cfXjfg u/L,
-#_ l;naGbL b/efpkq cfXjfg u/L,
-$_ ;f]em} vl/b u/L,
-%_ cdfgtaf6 jf
-^_ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfoaf6 .
-v_

k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug'{ kbf{M

-!_ k|lt:kwf{Tds k|:tfj dfu u/L,
-@_ ;f]em} jftf{jf6 .

-@_ o; ljlgoddf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df jfx]s s'g} vl/b ug'{ kbf{ ;Dej
eP;Dd v'Nnf ?kdf af]nkq cfJxfg jf k|lt:kwf{Tds k|:tfj dfu u/L vl/b ug'{kg]{5
/ of]Uo af]nkqbftfnfO{ To:tf] vl/b k|s[ofdf ;xefuL x'g s'g} e]befj gu/L ;dfg
cj;/ k|bfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
(%=

vl/bnfO{ k|lt:kwf{ ;Lldt x'g] u/L 6'qmf 6'qmf ug{ gx'g]M -!_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd
vl/b ubf{ s'g} vl/bsf] k|lt:kwf{ ;Lldt x'g] u/L 6'qmf 6'qmf u/L vl/b ug'{ x'b}g .
t/ k|lt:kwf{ clea[lWb x'g] u/L vl/bnfO{ a9L ;'ljwfhgs ;d"xdf ljefhg
ug]{ jf Kofs]hdf ;dfj]z (Slicing and packaging) ug{] sfo{ ug'{ kg]{5 .

(^=

vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] 5gf}6M -!_ s'g} vl/b sf/afxLsf] ;DaGwdf vl/b ljlw 5gf}6 u/]kl5
k|flws/0faf6 dfn ;fdfg jf cGo ;]jf vl/b ul/g] eP ljlgod (&, lgdf{0f sfo{
vl/b ul/g] eP ljlgod (* / k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ul/g] eP ljlgod (( df
plNnlvt vl/b ;Demf}tf dWo] pko'Qm vl/b ;Demf}tf 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd vl/b ;Demf}tf 5gf}6 ubf{ b]xfosf s'/f ljrf/
u/L 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 M

76

-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_

vl/bsf] k|sf/ / kl/df0f,

;dfg k|s[ltsf]] vl/b k'gM ul/g] ;Defjgf eP gePsf],
k|flws/0f / cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL jf k/fdz{bftf / cGo kIf
aLr ul/g] hf]lvdsf] afF8kmFf8, /
;Demf}tf ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ tl/sf .

(&

dfn;fdfg jf cGo ;]jfsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf M -!_ k|flws/0fn] dfn;fdfg jf cGo ;]jf
vl/b ubf{ cg';"rL( adf]lhdsf] ;Demf}tf dWo] s'g} Ps ;Demf}tf u/L vl/b ug{
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;Demf}tf ubf{ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf
plNnlvt k|fljlws :k]l;lkms]zg / cjlwdf cfwfl/t eO{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ vl/b ;Demf}tf ;DjGwdf o; ljlgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ePsf] s'/fdf o;
ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd / o; ljlgodfjnLdf Joj:yf gePsf] s'/fdf j:t' ljqmL s/f/
;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd dfn;fdfgsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf jf dfn;fdfg
x:tfGt/0f -8]lne/L_ ;DaGwL zt{x? cGt//fli6o Jofkf/df k|o'Qm x'g] zJbfjnL O{G6/g]zgn sdl;{on 6d{; -O{Gsf]6d{__ adf]lhd tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ o; ljlgod adf]lhdsf] ;Demf}tf cGtu{t e'QmfgL ubf{ ;fdfGotof
cfk"lt{stf{n] dfn;fdfg pknAw u/fPsf] sfuhft k]z ePkl5, k|lttkqsf] dfWod jf
af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt dfWod adf]lhd ug{' kg{]5 .

(*=

lgdf{0f sfo{sf] vl/b ;Demf}tfM k|flws/0fn] s'g} lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpgsf] nflu cg';"rL
!) adf]lhdsf] ;Demf}tf dWo] s'g} Ps ;Demf}tf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

((=

k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] vl/b ;Demf}tfM k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug{sf] nflu cg';"rL!! adf]lhdsf]
;Demf}tf dWo] s'g} Ps ;Demf}tf u/L vl/b ug{ ;Sg]5 .

!))= zt{ /fVg ;lsg]]M s'g} vl/b ;Demf}tfsf ;DjGwdf o; ljlgoddf plNnlvt zt{sf
cltl/Qm cGo s'g} zt{ /fVg' k/]df k|flws/0fn] af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf jf k|:tfj
;DaGwL sfuhftdf To:tf] zt{ pNn]v ug{ ;Sg]5 .

77

kl/R5]b !#
of]Uotfsf cfwf/ / k|fljlws Ifdtf
!)!= af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{M -!_ af]nkq, k"j{of]Uotfsf]
k|:tfj / k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj cfJxfg ubf{ af]nkq bftf jf k|:tfjbftfsf] 5gf}6 ug{
cfaZos kg]{ of]Uotfsf cfwf/ lgwf{/0f u/L To:tf] cfwf/ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft,
k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft / k|:tfj dfu ;DaGwL sfuhftdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd cfwf/ pNn]v ubf{ vl/b P]g, ;fj{hlgs vl/b
cg'udg sfof{noaf6 hf/L ePsf] lgb]{lzsf tyf gd"gf af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf
pNn]v ePsf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf cfwf/x? s'g} e]befj ljgf ;j} af]nkqbftf
jf k|:tfjbftfnfO{ ;dfg ?kn] nfu" x'g] 5g\ .
-$_ af]nkq, k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj / k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfjsf] d"NofFsg af]nkq
;DaGwL sfuhft, k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft / k|:tfj dfu ;DaGwL sfuhftdf
plNnlvt cfwf/ adf]lhd dfq ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfn] k]z u/]sf] of]Uotf ;DaGwL ljj/0f tYout
?kdf em'7f jf ;f/e't ?kdf ck'/f] ePsf] kfOPdf k|flws/0fn] s'g} klg ;dodf To:tf]
af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfnfO{ cof]Uo 7x/fpg ;Sg]5 .
t/ ;fgfltgf q'6L ePsf] cj:yfdf ;DalGwt af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfaf6
;f] ;DaGwL hfgsf/L df+u u/L ;Rofpg ;lsg]5 .
!)@= dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{ af]nkqbftfsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/M dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ;DaGwL
vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lng] af]nkqbftfsf] jf k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfabftfsf] of]Uotfsf]
cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fx? dWo] cfaZostfg';f/ s'g} jf ;a} s'/fnfO{ larf/
u/L lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ dfn;fdfg pTkfbg ;DaGwL lnvt -Dofg'kmofSrl/ /]s8{_,
-v_ k|fljlws Ifdtf,
-u_ cfly{s / ljQLo Ifdtf,
-3_ dfn;fdfg h8fg ug{' kg]{ ePdf h8fg sfo{df ;+nUg x'g] k|fljlwssf]
bIftf,

78

-_
-r_
-5_
-h_

cfk"lt{ x'g] dfn;fdfg vf; calw ;Dd ;'rf??kn] ;Grfng x'G5 eGg]
s'/fsf] k|Tofe"lt,
dfn;fdfg dd{t ;+ef/sf] Joj:yf,
;]jf / hu]8f kf6k"hf{sf] pknAwtf,
h8fg -O{G;6n]zg_ ;d]t ug'{ kg]{ u/L dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{
cfk"lt{stf{sf] xsdf lghsf] zLk, lgk"0f{tf, cg'ea / ljZj;lgotf .

!)#= dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{ af]nkqbftfsf] k|fljlws Ifdtf k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhftM -!_
ljlgod !)@ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] k|fljlws Ifdtf k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft dfu
ubf{ k|flws/0fn] dfn;fdfgsf] k|s[lt, kl/df0f, dxTj jf k|of]u cg';f/ b]xfosf dWo]
s'g} jf ;a} sfuhft dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ af]nkqbftfn] ljut tLg jif{sf] cjlwdf ;fj{hlgs lgsfo jf lghL
;+:yfnfO{ cfk"lt{ u/]sf] dfn;fdfgsf] k|sl[t, kl/df0f, ;Demf}tf /sd,
ldlt / To:tf] ;fj{hlgs lgsfo jf lghL ;+:yfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ vl/b ul/g] dfn;fdfg h6Ln jf c;fwf/0f k|s[ltsf] ePdf sfof{no
cfk}mn] jf To:tf] lgsfosf] tkm{jf6 jf]nkqbftf jf k"j{ of]Uotfsf]
k|:tfabftf ;+:yflkt ePsf] b]zsf] cflwsf/Ls lgsfon] lghsf] pTkfbg
Ifdtf hfFr u/]sf] sfuhft,
-u_ cflwsfl/s u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f ;+:yf jf dfGotf k|fKt lgsfon] vl/b ul/g]
dfn;fdfgsf] lg/LIf0f u/L To:tf] dfn;fdfgsf] :k]l;lkms]zg / u'0f:t/
;DaGwdf lbO{Psf] k|df0f kq,
-3_ cfk"lt{ ul/g] dfn;fdfgsf] cflwsfl/stf k|dfl0ft ug{ cfjZos kg]{
gd"gf, k'/s ljj/0f jf kmf]6f]x?,
-_ ;jsG6fs6/af6 u/fpg rfx]sf] cfk"lt{ ;DaGwL sfdsf] cg'kft,
-r_ cfk"lt{ ul/g] dfn;fdfg af]nkqbftf jf k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfabftf cfkmF}n]
gjgfpg] jf pTkfbg gug]{ ePdf To:tf] dfn;fdfgsf] pTkfbsn] jf]nkq
jf k"j{of]Uotfsf] nflu k|:tfj k]z ug]{, dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{ / h8fg
ug]{ ;DjGwL clwsf/ cfkm"nfO{ Psnf}6L ?kdf /Ltk"j{s k|bfg u/]sf] s'/f
k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft,
-5_ g]kfn leq Jofkf/ Joj;fo ;~rfng gug]{ af]nkqbftf jf k"j{ of]Uotfsf]
k|:tfabftfn] lghn] vl/b ;+emf}tf k|fKt u/]df To:tf] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd
cfk"lt{ ul/Psf] dfn;fdfg dd{t ;+ef/ ug]{, lalqm kZrftsf] ;]jf k|bfg
ug]{ tyf cfjZos hu]8f kf6{k"hf{ df}Hbft /fvL cfk"lt{ ug]{ ;DjGwL

79

bfloTj lgjf{x ug{ ;Sg] lghsf]] Ph]G6 jf clws[t ljs|]tf g]kfndf /xg]
s'/f k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft .
!)$= lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/M -!_ ;f7L nfv ?k}of eGbf dfyLsf] lgdf{0f sfo{
;DjGwL vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lng] af]nkqbftfsf] jf k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfabftfsf]
of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfosf s'/f dWo] cfaZostfg';f/ s'g} jf ;a}
s'/fnfO{ larf/ u/L lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ ;fdfGo cg'ejsf] xsdf, Psnf}6L?kdf sfd ;DkGg ug]{ lgdf{0f
Joj;foL -k|fO{d sG6ofS6/_, Joj:yfkg ;Demf}tf k|fKt ug]{ lgdf{0f
Joj;foL, ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf] ;fem]bf/ jf ;jsG6fs6/sf] ?kdf xfl;n
u/]sf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] cg'ej,
-v_ Psnf}6L?kdf sfd ;DkGg u/]sf] jf ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf] ;fem]bf/sf]
x}l;otn] cfg'kflts ?kdf u/]sf] sfd -;+o'Qm pkqmd ;Demf}tfdf
pNn]v eP adf]lhd ;xeflutfsf] k|ltzt_ ;d]t u/L af]nkq ;DjGwL
sfuhft jf k"j{ of]Uotf ;DjGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v ePsf] ;Ldf jf ;f]
eGbf a9L /sdsf]] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] Go"gtd ;/b/ aflif{s sf/f]jf/,
-u_ ljz]if cg'ejsf] xsdf, Psnf}6L?kdf sfd ;DkGg ug]{ lgdf{0f
Joj;foL, Joj:yfkg ;Demf}tf k|fKt ug]{ lgdf{0f Joj;foL, ;+o'Qm
pkqmdsf] ;fem]bf/ jf ;asG6fS6/sf] ?kdf af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhft
jf k"j{ of]Uotf ;DjGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v ePsf] Go"gtd /sd
j/fj/sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ dfl;s jf jflif{s ?kdf u/]sf] / k|:tfljt vl/b
;Demf}tf;+u d]n vfg] k|s[lt, hl6ntf / lgdf{0f k|ljlwsf vl/b
;Demf}tf To:tf] sfuhftdf pNn]v ePsf] ;+Vofdf ;kmntfk"j{s
;DkGg u/]sf],
-3_ cfly{s / ljQLo Ifdtfsf] xsdf, vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] lgdf{0f
sfo{ z'? ug{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] e'QmfgL gkfpg] jf kfpg l9nfO{ x'g]
cj:yfdf k|:tfljt lgdf{0fsfo{ / lghn] ;Grfng u/L /x]sf] jf
;+rfng ug{ k|lta4tf hfx]/ u/]sf] cGo lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug{
cfjZos kg]{ gub k|jfxsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg] t/n ;DkQL, shf{
;'ljwf / cGo ljQLo ;|f]t -s'g} vl/b ;Demf}tf cGtu{tsf] k]ZsL /sd
jfx]s_ pknAw ePsf] jf To:tf] ;DkQLsf] ;|f]tdf lghsf] kx'Fr ePsf]
k|df0f,
-_ hgzlQm ;DjGwdf, af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhft jf k"j{ of]Uotf ;DjGwL
sfuhftdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf bIf hgzlQm ePsf] Joxf]/f k|dfl0ft
ug]{ sfuhft,

80

-r_

af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhft jf k"j{ of]Uotf ;DjGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v

eP jdf]lhdsf d'Vo pks/0f af]nkqbftfsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] jf vl/b
;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt cjlwe/ lghn] lgjf{w pkof]u ug{ ;Sg] u/L
ef8f, lnh, ;Demf}tf jf cGo Joj;foLs dfWodjf6 pknJw x'g] /
To:tf pks/0f rfn' xfntdf /x]sf] eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft,
-@_ /fli6o lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] xsdf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] cg'ej / Go"gtd ;/b/
aflif{s sf/f]jf/sf] /sd u0fgf ubf{ d"No clej[l4 s/ jfktsf] /sd s6fO{ x'g cfpg]
/sd dfq u0fgf ul/g]5 / g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] cWofjlws d"No ;"rsf+s cg';f/
;dfof]hg ul/g]5 .
-#_ lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;fj{hlgs
vl/b cg'udg sfof{noaf6 s'g} lgb]{zg hf/L ePsf] ePdf To:tf] lgb]{zgsf] kfngf
ug'{ kg]{5 .
!)%= lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] k|fljlws Ifdtf k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhftM -!_ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] vl/b
k|s[ofdf efu lng lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] k|fljlws Ifdtf k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft dfu
ubf{ af]nkqbftf jf k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjbftfaf6 lgdf{0f sfo{sf] k|s[lt cg';f/
b]xfosf s'g} jf ;a} sfuhft dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ ljut kfFr jif{sf]] cjlwdf lghn] ;DkGg u/]sf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] d"No, ldlt /
sfo{ :ynsf] ljj/0f,
-v_ lghn] ;jsG6fS6/ dfk{mt u/fpg rfx]sf] k|:tfljt lgdf{0f sfdsf]
cg'kft,
-u_ k|:tfljt lgdf{0f sfd ;DkGg ug{sf nflu lgh;Fu ePsf k|fljlws pks/0f
/ KnfG6sf] ljj/0f .
!)^= k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/M k/fdz{ ;]jf ;DjGwL vl/b sf/afOdf
efu lng] k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfosf s'g} jf ;a} s'/f
larf/ u/L lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ k|:tfjbftf JolQm eP lghsf] / kmd{ jf ;+:yf eP cfaZos ;+:yfut
sfo{ cg'ej,
-v_ k|:tfjbftfsf] d'Vo d'Vo sd{rf/Lsf] cfaZos z}lIfs of]Uotf / p:t}
k|s[ltsf] sfo{sf] cfaZos cg'ej,
-u_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ tl/sf, sfo{ljlw, sfo{If]tut zt{ k|ltsf]
k|efju|flxtf, k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f / ;do tflnsf,
-3_ k|:tfjbftfsf] Joj:yfkg Ifdtf v'Ng] ljj/0f,

81

-_
-r_

k|:tfjbftfsf] cfly{s Ifdtf v'Ng] ljj/0f, /

cGt/f{li6o :t/af6 k|:tfa dfu ul/Psf] ePdf :jb]zL hgzlQmsf]
;xeflutf .

!)&= k|:tfjbftfsf] k|fljlws Ifdtf k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhftM k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] vl/b k|s[ofdf
efu lng ;Sg] k|:tfjbftfsf] k|fljlws Ifdtf k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft dfu ubf{
k|:tfljt k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ b]xfosf dWo] s'g} jf ;a} sfuhft dfu ug{
;Sg]5 M
-s_ ljut kfFr jif{sf] cjlwdf k|:tfljt k/fdz{ ;]jf;+u ldNg] k|s[ltsf]
k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg u/]sf] ;fj{hlgs jf lghL ;+:yf, /sd / ldlt
v'Ng] ljj/0f,
-v_ k|:tfljt sfd ;DkGg ug{sf] nflu k|:tfj ul/Psf d'Vo sd{rf/Lsf]
of]Uotf ;DjGwL ljj/0f,
-u_ lghsf] ljut tLg jif{sf Joj:yfksLo sd{rf/L / ;/b/ jflif{s
hgzlQmsf] ljj/0f,
-3_ ;jsG6fs6/ dfk{mt k|bfg ug{ rfx]sf]] k|:tfljt k/fdz{ ;]jfsf]
c+z,
-_ k|flws/0fn] cfjZos b]v]sf cGo s'/f .
!)*= ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/M -!_ s'g} vl/b sf/jf{Odf efu lng] k|of]hgsf]
nflu af]nkqbftfx?n]] Ps ;+o'Qm pkqmd agfO{ af]nkq k]z ug{ ;Sg]5g .
t/ Ps af]nkqbftfn] ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf] ;fem]bf/sf] ?kdf jf
JolQmut ?kdf Pp6f dfq af]nkq k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ ;+o'Qm pkqmddf /xg] ;fem]bf/sf] Go"gtd lx:;f kRrL; k|ltzt / d'Vo
;fe]mbf/sf] Go"gtd lx:;f rfln; k|ltzt x'g' kg]{ s'/f tyf ;fem]bf/ tyf d'Vo
;fem]bf/sf] Go"gtd of]Uotf af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ jdf]lhdsf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ To:tf]
pks|ddf /xg] ;fem]bf/sf] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf s'/f larf/ u/L lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ lghsf] ;/b/ jflif{s sf/f]jf/,
-v_ lghsf] ljz]if cg'ej / ;Dkfbg u/]sf] k|d'v sfo{,
-u_ sfo{ ;+rfng ug{ lgh;+u ePsf] gub k|jfx,
-3_ lghsf] hgzlQm ;DaGwL Ifdtf, /

82

-_ lghsf] cf}hf/ jf pks/0f ;DaGwL Ifdtf .

-$_ s'g} ;+o'Qm pkqmdn] af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhftdf pNn]lvt Go"gtd
of]Uotfsf cfwf/x? k"/f u/] gu/]sf] Plsg ug{sf] nflu To:tf] pkqmdsf] ;a}
;fem]bf/sf] of]Uotf u0fgf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf] ;fem]bf/sf] JolQmut of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ubf{
b]xfosf s'/f larf/ u/L lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ ;DjlGwt sfddf lghsf] ;fdfGo cg'ej,
-v_ cGo ;Demf}tf jdf]lhd lghn] u/L /x]sf] jf ug]{ sfd k"/f ug{ ;|f]tsf]
kof{Kttf,
-u_ ljQLo ;Ifdtf, /
-3_ ljutsf vl/b ;DaGwL d'2f dfdLnf / ;f]sf] glthf .
-^_ s'g} ;+o'Qm pkqmd vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] nflu 5gf}6 ePdf To:tf] ;+o'Qm
pkqmdnfO{ To:tf] pks|dsf] ;+o'Qm bfoLTj / ;+o'Qm pks|dsf ;fem]bf/sf] JolQmut
bfloTj ;d]t /xg] u/L cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{nodf :yfoL n]vf gDa/ / d"No
clea[lWb s/ btf{ ug{ nufpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ s'g} ;+o'Qm pkqmdn] af]nkq k]z ubf{ jf]nkq hdfgt ;d]t k]z ug{' kg]{
ePdf To:tf] af]nkq hdfgt pkljlgod -!_ jdf]lhdsf] ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf ;j}
;fem]bf/sf] gfddf / ;a} ;fem]bf/sf] bfloTj x'g] u/L] hf/L ul/Psf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-*_ ;+o'Qm pkqmd ;DaGwL cGo zt{ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v eP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!)(= cfly{s / ljQLo Ifdtf v'Ng] sfuhft dfu ug{ ;Sg]M -!_ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf
af]nkqbftfsf] cfly{s / ljQLo Ifdtf k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft dfu ;DaGwL ljj/0f
pNn]v ubf{ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] k|s[lt cg';f/ b]xfosf dWo] s'g} jf ;a} sfuhft dfu ug{
;Sg]5 M
-s_ af]nkqbftfsf] ;DjlGwt a}+s :6]6d]06,
-v_ lghsf] Joj;fo ;DjGwL sf/f]jf/sf] cfly{s ljj/0f,
-u_ lghsf] ;DkQL, bfloTj tyf gfkmf gf]S;fgsf] ljj/0f v'Ng] jf;nft,
-3_ lghsf] cfly{s / ljQLo x}l;ot v'Ng] cGo s'/f,
-_ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt cGo ljj/0f .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] jf;nft dfu ubf{ sfdsf]
k|s[lt cg';f/ kl5Nnf] tLg b]vL kf+r cfly{s aif{sf] jf;nft dfu ug{ ;lsg]5 .

83

!!)= ;jsG6fS6/af6 sfd u/fpg] ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ af]nkqbftfn] ;jsG6fS6/jf6

;d]t lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpg ;Sg] u/L k|flws/0fn] af]nkq cfJxfg ug]{ ePdf af]nkq
;DaGwL sfuhftdf lghn] pk;Demf}tff/f ;jsG6fS6/af6 sfd u/fpg ;Sg]] jf
g;Sg] / ;Sg] eP ;f] sfdsf] clwstd k|ltzt :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v u/L cfaZos
ePdf ;jsG6fS6/sf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/ ;d]t pNn]v ug'{kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ pNn]v ul/Psf]df
af]nkqbftfn] vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{' cl3 ;jsG6fs6/sf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ k'i6of+O{ ug]{
sfuhft k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

84

kl/R5]b !$
af]nkq ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!!!= af]nkqsf] dfWodf/f vl/b ug'{ kg]{M -!_ bz nfv ?k}of eGbf a9L nfut cg'dfg
ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ jf dfn;fdfg jf cGo ;]jf vl/b ubf{ jf]nkqsf] dfWodf/f vl/b
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ af]nkqf/f vl/b ug'{ kbf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] k|s[of ckgfO{ af]nkq cfJxfg
ug{ ;lsg]5 M
-s_ k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f u/L v'Nnf ?kdf af]nkq cfJxfg u/L,
-v_ k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f gu/L v'Nnf ?kdf af]nkq cfJxfg u/L,
-u_ /fi6Lo :t/sf] af]nkq cfJxfg u/L jf
-3_ cGt//fi6Lo :t/sf] af]nkq cfJxfg u/L .
!!@= k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{M -!_ ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] ;do ;dodf
7"nf / hl6n egL lgwf{/0f u/]sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ jf ;ldltn] plrt 7fg]sf cGo
vl/b ug{ jf of]Uo af]nkqbftfsf] klxrfg ug{ k|flws/0fn] af]nkq cfJxfg ug'{ cl3
k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ u/L k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0fsf] nflu k|:tfj k]z ug{
;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|:tfj cfJxfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj k]z ug{ cfjZos k"j{ of]Uotf ;DjGwL
sfuhft dfu ug]{ ;a} OR5's JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL, ;+:yfaf6 sfof{non] To:tf]
sfuhftsf] kf+r xhf/ ?k}of+ b:t'/ lnO{ pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] sfuhft pknAw u/fp+bf sfof{no k|d'v jf
lghn] tf]s]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt / k|flws/0fsf] 5fk nfu]sf] sfuhft ;f] sfof{no
jf ;f] sfof{non] tf]s]sf] b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L cGo sfof{noaf6 pknAw u/fpg
;lsg]5 .
-$_ of]Uo cfa]bssf] 5gf}6 k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt
of]Uotfsf] cfwf/df ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L 5gf}6 ePsf cfa]bssf]] ;"rL k|flws/0fn]
;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sfzg u/L ;a} cfa]bsnfO{ k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf lbPsf] tL; lbg leq k"j{ of]Uotfsf]
k|:tfj c:jLs[t ePsf] s'g} cfa]bsn] lghsf] k|:tfj c:jLs[t ePsf]] sf/0fsf]
hfgsf/L dfu u/]df lghnfO{ ;DalGwt sfof{non] To:tf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .

85

!!#= k"j{ of]Uotf ;DjGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ s'/fM k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf
b]xfosf s'/f pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ k|:tfljt sfdsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ of]Uotf / ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf] xsdf
;fem]bf/sf] of]Uotf,
-v_ k|:tfjbftfn] cfkmgf] of]Uotf / u|fxotf k'li6 ug{ k]z ug'{ kg]{ sfuhft /
hfgsf/L,
-u_ dfn;fdfg jf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 5'6\6f 5'6\6} ;d"x jf Kofs]h agfO{ vl/b ug'{ kg]{
ePdf To:tf] ;d"x, jf Kofs]h ,
-3_ k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj d"Nof+g ug]{ k|s[of,
-_ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf d'Vo d'Vo zt{,
-r_ k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj k]z ug]{ :yfg, clGtd ldlt / ;do /
-5_ ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v
ug'{ kg]{ egL ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/]sf cGo ljifo .
!!$= k"j{of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ pNn]v ug'{ kg]{M -!_ k|flws/0fn] k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfa cfJxfg ug'{
cl3 ljlgod !!# sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhd k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf k"j{
of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj d"Nof+g ug]{ k|s[of pNn]v ubf{ To:tf] k|s[of jf cfwf/x?
;ldltaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj d"Nof+g ug]{ k|s[of jf
cfwf/ pNn]v ubf{ k]zfut / k|fljlws of]Uotf, hgzlQm tyf pks/0fsf] pknAwtf,
ljutsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg, laqmL kl5sf] ;]jfsf] Joj:yf, hu]8f kf6k"hf{sf] pknAwtf,
sfg"gL ;Ifdtf, ljQLo ;|f]t / cj:yf, k]zfut s;"/ u/] jfktsf] ;hfo / o:t} cGo
cfwf/x? cfaZoatfg';f/ pNn]v ug{ ;lsg]5 .
!!%= k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjsf] k/LIf0fM -!_ d"Nof+g ;ldltn] k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjbftfn]
k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt of]Uotfsf k|To]s cfwf/ k"/f u/] gu/]sf]
k/LIf0f ;kmn c;kmnsf] cfwf/df ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L k/LIf0f ubf{ of]Uotfsf ;a}
cfwf/ k"/f ug]{ k|:tfjbftf of]Uotf k/LIf0fdf ;kmn / k"/f gug]{ k|:tfjbftf c;kmn
ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k/LIf0fdf ;kmn ePsf] k"j{ of]Uotfsf]
k|:tfjbftf ;DalGwt vl/b sf/jfxLsf] nflu af]nkq k]z ug{ of]Uo ePsf] dflgg]5 .

86

!!^= k|lta]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{M -!_ d"Nof+g ;ldltn] ljlgod !!% adf]lhd u/]sf] k/LIf0fsf]
lj:t[t ljZn]if0f ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L d"Nof+g sfo{ z'? u/]sf] ldltn] kGw||
lbg leqdf sfof{no k|d'v ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgdf b]xfosf s'/f v'nfpg' kg]{5M
-s_ k|:tfjbftfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotfsf] k|To]s cfwf/ k'i6L ug]{ sfuhft,
-u_ s'g} tflnsf cfjZos eP To:tf] tflnsf,
-3_ ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf] ?kdf k|:tfj k]z ul/Psf] eP ;+o'Qm pkqmd
;DaGwL sfuhft k"0f{ eP jf gePsf] / To:tf] pkqmdsf] k|To]s
;fem]bf/sf] lx:;f / bfloTj
-_ dfn;fdfg jf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 5'6\6f 5'6\6} ;d"x jf Kofs]h agfO{
vl/b ug'{ kg]{ ePdf To:tf] ;d"x / Kofs]hsf] k/LIf0f ug{ ckgfO{Psf]
k|lqmof tyf To:tf] ;d"x / Kofs]hsf] vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lngsf]
nflu 5gf}6 ePsf cfa]bs,
-r_ ;kmn / c;kmn k|:tfjbftfsf] ;"rL / ;kmn jf c;kmn ePsf]
sf/0f .
!!&= cGt/{fli6o :t/sf] af]nkq cfJxfg ug]{ cj:yfM -!_ k|flws/0fn] b]xfosf] cj:yfdf
cGt/{fli6o :t/sf] af]nkq cfJxfg ug]{5M
-s_ k|flws/0fsf] dfu cg'?ksf] dfn;fdfg jf lgdf{0f sfo{ k|lt:kwf{Tds
d"Nodf g]kfn /fHo leqsf Ps eGbf a9L lgdf{0f Joa;foL jf
cfk"lt{stf{af6 k|fKt gx'g] ePdf,
-v_ dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf cGo ;]jf vl/bsf nflu /fli6o:t/df
af]nkq cfJxfg ubf{ s'g} af]nkq gk/L lab]zaf6 k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ ePdf,
-u_ bft[kIf;+u ePsf] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd j}b]lzs ;xfotf >f]taf6 ljb]zL
dfn;fdfg jf lgdf{0f sfo{ vl/b ug'{ kg]{ ePdf, jf
-3_ ljz]if tyf hl6n lsl;dsf] dfn;fdfg jf lgdf{0f sfo{ ePsf]n]
cGt/f{li6o :t/sf] af]nkqaf6 vl/b ug'{ kg]{ egL sfof{non]
k|dfl0ft u/L d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn] :jLs[t u/]df .

87

-@_ o; ljlgod adf]lhdsf] cGt/f{li6o :t/sf] af]nkq cfXjfgsf] ;"rgf

c+u|]hL efiffdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg{]5 / af]nkq jf k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL ;a} sfuhft
c+u|]hL efiffdf pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf ljlgod !@^ adf]lhd tof/ u/L
k|flws/0fsf] j]e ;fO{6df ;d]t /fVg' kg]{5 .
!!*= af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhft tof/ ug'{ kg]{M -!_ af]nkq cfJxfg ug'{ cl3 af]nkq ;DaGwL
sfuhft tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf b]xfosf s'/fx?
pNn]v ug{' kg]{5 M
-s_ vl/bsf] k|s[lt, vl/b ug{ nfUg] ;dofjlw tyf ;f]sf] k|fljlws
:k]lzlkms]zg, gSzf jf 8O{
-v_ af]nkqbftfsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/x?,
-u_ ljn ckm SjflG66Lh,
-3_ dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{, lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ jf cGo ;]jf k|bfg
ug'{ kg]{ ;do,
-_ dfn;fdfgsf] jf/]06L tyf dd{t ;+ef/ ;DjGwL Joj:yf,
-r_ af]nkqbftfn] cfjZos tflnd k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ eP To:tf] tflnd
;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-5_ cfk"lt{ ul/g] dfn;fdfg jf hu]8f kf6{k"hf{x? gofF / ;SsnL cf]l/lhgn_ x'g'kg]{ s'/f,
-h_ :ynut lg/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{ Joj:yf eP ;f] ;DaGwL hfgsf/L,
-em_ af]nkq k]z ug'{ cl3 s'g} j}7s ug'{ kg]{ eP To:tf] a}7s ;DjGwL
hfgsf/L,
-`_ af]nkq tof/ ug]{ / k]z ug]{ lgb]{zg, af]nkq k]z ug]{ :yfg, af]nkq
k]z ug]{ clGtd ldlt / ;do tyf af]nkq vf]Ng] ldlt, ;do /
:yfg,
-6_ d"No ;dfof]hg ul/g] ePdf d"Nosf] ;+/rgf -sDkf]g]G6 ckm k|fO;_,
af]nc+ssf] nflu pNn]v ug{ ;lsg] d'bf jf d'bfx?, af]nkq t'ngf
ug{ k|of]u ul/g] d'bf / ;Da4 ljlgdo b/sf] cfwf/ / ;f]sf] ldlt,
-7_ af]nkq d"No+fsg / af]nkqbftfsf] 5gf}6 ug]{ cfwf/ / tl/sf,

88

-8_

:jb]zL dfn;fdfg / :yfgLo lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]

eP ;f] ;DaGwL] Joj:yf,
-9_ dfn;fdfg jf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 5'6\6f 5'6\6} ;d"x / Kofs]h agfO{
vl/b ug'{ kg]{ ePdf To:tf] ;d"x / Kofs]h / ;f]sf] d"Nofg ug{]
tl/sf,
-0f_ k|fljlws :k]lzlkms]zgsf] ljsNksf] k|:tfj ;d]t dfu ul/Psf]]
cj:yfdf To:tf] ljsNk d"Nofg ug]{ tl/sf,
-t_ vl/b ul/g] dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf ;]jfsf] s'g} c+zsf] nflu
dfq klg af]nkq k]z ug{ kfO{g] eP To:tf] c+z jf c+zx?sf]
ljj/0f,
-y_ af]nkq dfGo x'g] cjlw,
-b_ af]]nkq, sfo{;Dkfbg jf cGo cfaZos s'/fsf] nflu lbg' kg]{
hdfgtsf] /sd, lsl;d, dfGo 9f+rf / dfGo cjlw -e]lnl86L
lkl/o8_,
-w_ af]]nkq hdfgt dfu ePsf]df ;f] hdfgtsf] cjlw af]nkq dfGo
x'g] cjlw eGbf tL; lbg a9L cjlwsf] x'g' kg]{ Aoxf]/f,
-g_ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf zt{x? / ;f] ;Demf}tf nfu" x'g] tl/sf,
-k_ :jfy{ jflemg] -slGkm\lnS6 ckm O{G6]:6_ ePdf af]nkq pk/ sf/afO{
gx'g] jf hfn;fhL jf e|i6frf/ u/]df x'g] sfg"gL sf/afO{ ;DaGwL
hfgsf/L,
-km_ k|flws/0fn] af]nkq ;DaGwL sf/afO{ ubf{ u/]sf] q'l6 jf lg0f{o lj?4
k'g/fjnf]sgsf nflu af]nkqbftfn] lga]bg lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf,
-a_ k|fljlws k|:tfa -k|fljlws IfdtfnfO{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft_ tyf
cfly{s k|:tfa -af]n c+s_ Pp6} vfddf k]z ug'{ kg]{ Joxf]/f,
-e_ ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] k"j{ of]Uotf jf af]nkq ;DaGwL
sfuhftdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ elg lgwf{/0f u/]sf laifox?
-d_ k|:tfljt vl/bsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ /sd k|fKt x'g] ;|f]t,
-o_ af]nkqbftfn] af]nkq;fy k]z ug'{ kg]{ sfuhftx? .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ubf{ ;fj{hlgs
vl/b cg'udg sfof{noaf6 hf/L ePsf] gd"gf af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftsf] cfwf/df
tyf k|flws/0fsf] lgb]{zg ;d]t kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 .

89

!!(= e]befj ug{ gx'g]M -!_ ljlgod !!* sf] pkljlgod -@_ sf] v08 -8_ sf] cj:yfdf
jfx]s vl/b sf/jfxLdf af]nkqbftfnfO{ lghsf] /fli6otfsf] cfwf/df e]befj ug'{ x'b}g
.
-@_ af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhft jdf]lhd cfjZos kg]{ s'g} lnvt af]nkqbftfn]
k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf lghn]] k]z u/]sf] To:tf] lnvt ;/xsf] cGo lnvtnfO{
dfGotf lbg' kg]{5 .
!@)= Ph]G6sf] ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{ kg]{M -!_ ljb]zL jf]nkqbftfn] af]nkq k]z ubf{ g]kfndf
cfgf] Ph]06 lgo'Qm u/]sf] /x]5 eg] lghn] To:tf] Ph]G6sf] ;DjGwdf b]xfosf ljj/0f
pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ Ph]06sf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ Ph]06n] kfpg] sldzgsf] c+s, d'bfsf] lsl;d / e'QmfgLsf] tl/sf,
-u_ Ph]06;Fusf] cGo s'g} zt{,
-3_ :yfgLo Ph]06 eP lghsf]] :yfoL n]vf btf{ k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft
k|ltlnlk / lghn] Ph]06 x'g :jLsf/ u/]sf] kq .
-@_ ljb]zL jf]nkqbftfsf] tkm{af6 pkljlgod -!_ jdf]lhdsf] Ph]G6n] af]nkq
k]z ubf{ pkljlgod -!_ sf] v08 -v_ / -u_ df plNnlvt s'/f :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v
u/L af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd af]nkq hdfgt ljb]zL
jf]nkqbftfsf] gfdaf6 g} k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ ljb]zL af]nkqbftfn] af]nkq k]z ubf{ pkljlgod -!_ df plNnlvt s'/f
:ki6 ?kdf gv'nfPdf jf :yfgLo Ph]06 gePsf] egL af]nkq k]z u/]sf]df kl5
Ph]06 ePsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf jf Ph]06nfO{ lbg] sldzg sd pNn]v u/]sf]df kl5
Ph]06n] a9L sldzg lnPsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf To:tf] af]nkqbftfnfO{ vl/b P]g
adf]lhd sfnf] ;"rLdf /fVg] sf/jfxL ug'{ kg]{5 .
!@!

af]nkqbftfsf] u|fXotf ;DaGwL cfwf/ pNn]v ug{' kg]{M -!_ af]nkq ;DjGwL
sfuhftdf af]nkqbftfsf] u|fxotf -O{lnlhljln6L_ sf] cfwf/ tyf To:tf] cfwf/
k|dfl0ft ug]{ af]nkqbftfn] k]z ug'{ kg]{ sfuhftsf] k|ltlnlk ;d]t pNn]v ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ df plNnlvt sfuhft b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g]5g\ M
-s_ kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgL btf{sf] k|df0fkq,
-v_ Joj;fo btf{{sf] k|df0fkq,
-u_ d"No clea[l s/ btf{ k|df0f kq / :yfoL n]vf btf{ -Kofg_ k|df0f
kq,

90

-3_

af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf tf]s]sf] cjlw ;Ddsf] s/ r'Qmf k|df0f

kq jf s/ ljj/0f k]z u/]sf] cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{nosf] k|dfl0ft
sfuhft,
-_ af]nkqbftfn] vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lng cof]Uo gePsf], k|:tfljt
vl/b sf/jfxLdf cfkm\gf] :jfy{ gaflemPsf]] / ;DjlGwt k]zf jf
Joj;fo ;DjGwL s;"/df cfkm"n] ;hfo gkfPsf] egL lnlvt ?kdf
u/]sf] 3f]if0ff,
-r_ k|flws/0fn] cfaZos 7fg]sf] cGo sfuhft .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cGt/f{li6o:t/sf]
af]nkqsf] xsdf u}/jfl;Gbf af]nkqbftfn] ;f] pkljlgodsf] v08 -u_ / -3_
adf]lhdsf sfuhft k]z ug'{ kg]{ 5}g .
-$_ pkljlgod -@_ sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhdsf] calw tf]Sbf cfGtl/s /fh:j
sfof{nodf s/ ljj/0f k]z u/L ;Sg' kg]{ ldlt larf/ u/L af]nkqbftfn] s/ ljj/0f
k]z ug{ ;Sg] cjlwsf] ljj/0f dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhftdf pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf sfuhft pNn]v
ug{ 5'6]df jf :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v gePdf jf cGo s'g} s'/f ;+zf]wg ug'{ k/]df
k|flws/0fn] af]nkq k]z ug]{ cjlw leq} af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft vl/b ug]{ ;a}
af]nkqbftfnfO{ hfgsf/L lbO{ /fli6o :t/sf] b}lgs ;dfrf/kqdf ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf
k|sfzg ul/ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft pk/ :ki6 ug{ jf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ o;/L ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ af]nkqbftfnfO{ af]nkq k]z ug{ yk ;do
cfaZos kg]{ ePdf af]nkq k]z ug]{ clGtd ;do ;d]t a9fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf sfuhft k]z gug]{ af]nkqbftfsf] af]nkq
pk/ sf/afxL x'g] 5}g .
!@@= af]nkqsf] efiffM -!_ o; ljlgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df jfx]s, k"j{ of]Uotf
;DjGwL sfuhft, af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft, k|:tfa cfJxfg ;DaGwL sfuhft, k"j{
of]Uotf, af]nkq jf k|:tfj cfJxfgsf] ;"rgf / vl/b ;Demf}tf ;Dej eP;Dd g]kfnL
efiffdf / ;Dej geP c+u|]hL efiffdf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ af]nkqbftfn] k|flws/0fdf s'g} klg efiffdf n]lvPsf] vl/b ;DjGwL
sfuhft jf d'lb|t ;fdu|L k]z ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
t/ To:tf] sfuhft jf d'lb|t ;fdu|Lsf] ;DalGwt c+z ;DalGwt b]zsf]
cflwsfl/s ;+:yf jf gf]6/L klAnsaf6 cu|]hL efiffdf cg'jfb ul/Psf] x'g'
kg]{5 / To:tf sfuhft jf d'lb|t ;fdu|L / To;/L cg'jflbt c+zdf n]lvPsf]
s'/fdf s'g} lljwf ePdf cg'jflbt c+z dfGo x'g] 5 .

91

!@#

af]nkqsf] d'b|fM af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft, k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft, k|:tfj
;DaGwL sfuhftdf lgdf{0f Joj;foL, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ lbg] e'QmfgL
;DaGwL Joj:yf ubf{ /fli6o:t/sf] af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfjsf] nflu g]kfnL
d'b|fdf / cGt//fli6o:t/sf] af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfjsf] nflu g]kfnL d'b|f
tyf g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 ;6xL ug{ ;lsg] a9Ldf tLg d'b|fdf e'QmfgL x'g] Joj:yf ug'{
kg]{5 .

!@$= af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf ;dfa]z ug'{ kg]{ sfuhftM k|flws/0fn] vl/b ul/g]
dfn;dfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf cGo ;]jfsf] k|s[ltnfO{ larf/ u/L af]nkq ;DaGwL
sfuhft, k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf cfjZostfg';f/ b]xfosf sfuhft ;dfj]z
ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ af]nkqbftfnfO{ lbO{g] lgb]{zg tyf af]nkq kmf/fd,
-v_ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ / gd"gf,
-u_ :k]l;lkms]zg / gS;f,
-3_ af]nkq hdfgtsf] 9f+rf,
-_ sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgtsf] 9f+rf
-r_ k]ZsL e'QmfgL hdfgtsf] 9f+rf tyf
-5_ cGo cfaZos sfuhft .
!@%= af]nkqbftfnfO{ lgb]{zgM jf]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhft, k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf
jf]nkqbftfnfO{ lgb]{zg lbbf b]xfosf ljifosf ;DjGwdf cfjZostfg';f/ lgb]{zg lbg
;Sg]5 M
-s_ af]nkq jf k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfj tof/ ug]{ efiff,
-v_ cGt/f{li6o Jofkf/df k|o'Qm x'g] zJbfjnL O{G6/g]zgn sdl;{on 6d{;\ O{Gsf]6D;{_ cg';f/ d"No cleJoQm ug]{ tl/sf,
-u_ ;+o'Qm pkqmd af/] cfjZos hfgsf/L,
-3_ af]nkqbftfn] af]nkq jf k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfj;fy k]z ug'{ kg]{
sfuhftsf] ;"rL,
-_ af]nkqbftfn] k|flws/0f ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{ dfn;fdfgsf] gd"gf /
gd"gfsf] ;+Vof,

92

-r_ dfn;fdfg vl/bsf] xsdf, cfk"lt{ ul/g] dfn;fdfgsf] lgdf{tfn]

l;kmfl/; u/]sf] To:tf] dfn;fdfgsf] hu]8f kf6k"hf{x?sf] ;"rL tyf
lgh;Fu /x]sf] k|To]s kf6{k"hf{sf] df}Hbft kl/df0f, k|lt OsfO{ d"No /
vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 To:tf] kf6{k"hf{sf] d"No j9\g]
gj9\g] ;DjGwL s'/f pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ gkg]{,
-5_ af]nkqbftf jf k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfjbftfn] cfk"lt{ ug]{
dfn;fdfgsf] pTkfbs, pTkfbg ePsf]] b]z, a|f08, df]8n / Sof6nu
gDj/ af]nkqdf v'nfpg' kg]{ s'/f,
-h_ vl/b sf/afOsf ;DaGwdf af]nkqbftfn] k|flws/0f;+u s'g} s'/f a'em\g
k/]df To:tf] s'/f :ki6 ug{ k|flws/0faf6 tf]lsPsfsf] ;Dks{ sd{rf/Lsf]]
gfd kb, / 7]ufgf,
-em_ af]nkqbftfn]] vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhd k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/LnfO{ tflnd
k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ eP jf To:tf] lgsfonfO{ k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f ug'{ kg]{ eP ;f]
;DaGwL s'/f,
-`_ af]nkq jf k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfj k]z ug]{ :yfg, ldlt / ;do,
-6_ laB'tLo ;+rf/ dfWodaf6 af]nkq k]z ug{ ;lsg] g;lsg], k]z ug{
;lsg] ePdf k]z ug]{ tl/sf,
-7_ bflvnf ePsf af]nkq jf k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfj :jLs[t jf
c:jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/ k|flws/0fdf ;'/lIft /x]sf] Joxf]/f,
-8_ k|flws/0fn] cfaZos 7fg]sf cGo s'/f .
!@^= af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhft :jLs[t ug{' kg]{M af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhft, k|:tfj cfJxfg
;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ePkl5 To:tf] sfuhft af]nkq :jLs[t ug{ clwsf/ k|fKt
ePsf] clwsf/Ln] :jLs[t ug{' kg]{5 .
!@&= af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftsf] b:t'/M -!_ af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhft vl/b ug{ rfxg]
OR5's JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLn] sfof{nosf] k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf] sd{rf/Lsf]
b:tvt / k|flws/0fsf] 5fk nfu]sf] af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhft k|flws/0faf6 b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] b:t'/ lt/L lng' kg]{5 .
-s_ bz nfv eGbf dfly ;f7L nfv ?k}ofFF;Ddsf] nflu tLg xhf/ ?k}ofFF
-v_ ;f7L nfv eGbf dfly 5 s/f]8 ?k}ofFF;Ddsf] nflu kf+r xhf/ ?k}ofFF
-u_ 5 s/f]8 eGbf dfly bz s/f]8 ?k}ofFF;Ddsf] nflu kGw xhf/ ?k}ofFF
-3_ bz s/f]8 ?k}ofFF eGbf dfly kRrL; s/f]8;Ddsf] nflu aL; xhf/ ?k}ofFF

93

-_

kRrL; s/f]8 ?k}ofFF eGbf dfly hlt;'s} /sdsf] nflu tL; xhf/ ?k}ofFF

-@_ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] b:t'/ /
nfUg] x'nfs jf s'/Lo/ dx;'n lt/L jf]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhft jf k|:tfj cfJxfg
;DaGwL sfuhft k7fO lbg lnlvt cg'/f]w u/]df k|flws/0fn] To:tf] JolQm, kmd{,
sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ x'nfs jf s'l/o/ dfkm{t af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft k7fO{ lbg'
kg]{]5 .
t/ To;/L k7fpbf To:tf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] jf]nkq ;DjGwL
sfuhft ;dodf g}} k|fKt ug{ g;s]df ;f]sf nflu k|flws/0f hjfkmb]xL x'g]5}g
.
!@*= af]nkq cfXjfgM -!_ af]nkq jf k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0fsf] k|:tfj cfXjfgsf] ;"rgf
/fli6o :t/sf] b}lgs ;dfrf/kqdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 / cGt/f{li6o :t/sf] af]nkqsf]
xsdf cGt/f{li6o ;+rf/ dfWoddf ;d]t k|sfzg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|flws/0fsf] tyf ;fj{hlgs vl/b
cg'udg sfof{nosf] j]e ;fO{6df /fVg' kg]{5 .
-#_ af]nkq jf k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj cfXjfgsf] ;"rgfdf b]xfosf s'/fx?
v'nfpg' kg]{5M
-s_ af]nkq cfXjfg ug]{ sfof{nosf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ af]nkqsf] lsl;d -/fli6o :t/ jf cGt/f{li6o :t/sf] af]nkq_,
-u_ vl/b sfo{sf] k|s[lt / ;do ;Ldf, dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug'{ kg]{, ;]jf
k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ jf lgdf{0f sfo{ ug'{ kg]{ :yfg,
-3_ af]nkqsf] dfGo x'g] cjlw,
-_ af]nkq hdfgt cfaZos kg]{ eP ;f]sf] /sd / dfGo cjlw,
-r_ af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhft jf k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft kfO{g]
:yfg, k|fKt ug]{ tl/sf / ;f] jfkt nfUg] b:t'/,
-5_ af]nkq jf k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfj k]z ug]{ jf k7fpg] :yfg,
tl/sf, clGtd ldlt / ;do,
-h_ af]]nkq jf k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfj vf]Ng] ldlt, ;do, :yfg /
af]nkq vf]Ng] ;dodf af]nkqbftf jf lghsf] clwsf/ k|fKt
k|ltlglwnfO{ cfdGq0f ug]{ s'/f, /
-em_ af]nkq k]z ug'{ clwsf] a}7s x'g] ePdf To:tf] a}7s x'g] ldlt, ;do
/ :yfg,

94

-`_ laB'tLo dfWodaf6 af]nkq k]z ug{ ;lsg] ePdf ;f] ;DaGwL
hfgsf/L,
-6_ k|flws/0fn] cfaZos b]v]sf cGo s'/fx? .
-$_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ /fli6o :t/sf] af]nkq jf
k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0fsf] k|:tfj cfXjfgsf] ;"rgfsf] xsdf slDtdf tL; lbg /
cGt/f{li6o :t/sf] af]nkq jf k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0fsf] k|:tfj cfXjfgsf] ;"rgfsf]
xsdf slDtdf k}+tfln; lbgsf] cjlw lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -#_ sf] v08 -r_ adf]lhd af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhft jf k"j{
of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft kfO{g] :yfg v'nfpFbf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L sfof{nodf To:tf]
sfuhft kfO{g] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ pkljlgod -#_ sf] v08 -5_ adf]lhd af]nkq jf k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL
k|:tfj k]z ug]{ jf k7fpg] :yfg v'nfpFbf Pp6} sfof{nodf dfq k]z ug]{ jf k7fpg]
Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ ljb]zL af]nkqbftfn] af]nkq k]z ubf{ g]kfndf cfkmgf] s'g} Ph]G6 lgo'Qm
u/] jf gu/]sf] s'/f v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-*_ pkljlgod -&_ adf]lhd Ph]G6 lgo'Qm u/]sf] eP af]nkq k]z ubf{
Ph]G6sf] ;DaGwdf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f ;d]t pNn]v ug{' kg]{5 .
!@(= af]nkqsf] ;"rgfdf nfut cg'dfg v'nfpg' kg]{M ;f7Lnfv ?k}of ;Dd nfut cg'dfg
ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] af]nkq cfJxfgsf] ;"rgfdf nfut cg'dfg /sd v'nfpg'
kg]{5 .
!#)= lgdf{0f :ynsf] e|d0fM -!_ af]nkq tof/ ug{ jf ;f] ;DaGwL cfaZos ;"rgf k|fKt ug{
af]nkqbftf cfkm}, lghsf] sd{rf/L jf Ph]G6nfO{ af]nkqbftfsf] cfkm\g} vr{df cfpg
;Sg] / hf]lvd k|lt pQ/bfoL x'g] u/L lgdf{0f :ynsf] e|d0f ug{ u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k|flws/0fn] lgdf{0f :ynsf] e|d0f ug{ cg'dlt
lbg' kg]{ ePdf To:tf]] cg'dlt lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ k|flws/0fn] af]nkqbftfnfO{ lgdf{0f :ynsf] oyfy{ hfgsf/L lbg ljlgod
!#! adf]lhd x'g] a}7ssf] cuf8L lgdf{0f :ynsf] e|d0f u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
!#!= af]nkq jf k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf ePsf] llawf af/]sf] hfgsf/LM -!_ af]nkq
;DaGwL sfuhft jf k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt s'g} s'/fdf lljwf eO{

95

;f] ;DaGWfdf :ki6 ug{ To:tf sfuhftdf pNn]v ePsf] ;dofjlw leq s'g}
af]nkqbftfn] cg'/f]w u/]df k|flws/0fn] af]nkq k]z ug]{ jf k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj k]z
ug]{ clGtd Dofb ;dfKt x'g' cufj} To:tf] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L ;a} af]nkqbftfnfO{ lbg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ k|flws/0fn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L / af]nkq ;DaGwL
sfuhft jf k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf s'g} x]/km]/ u/]sf] eP To:tf] x]/km]/
;DaGwL hfgsf/L vl/b sf/afO{df ;xefuL ePsf ;j} af]nkqbftfnfO{ lghn] af]nkq
k]z ubf{ jf k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj tof/ ubf{ To:tf] x]/km]/ pk/ ;d]t ljrf/ ug{ ;do
kfpg] u/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{sf] nflu af]nkqbftfnfO{ yk ;do lbg
cfjZos ePdf k|flws/0fn] af]nkq jf k"j{of]Uotf lgwf{/0fsf] k|:tfj k]z ug]{ clGtd
cjlw a9fpg ;Sg]5 .
!#@= af]nkq k]z ug'{ k"j{sf] a}7sM -!_ k|flws/0fn] jf]nkqbftfx?nfO{ af]nkq ;DjGwL
sfuhft, k|fljlws :k]l;lkms]zg, lgdf{0f :yn jf cGo o:t} s'/f ;DjGwL hfgsf/L
lbg af]nkq k]z ug]{ clGtd lbg eGbf /fli6o :t/sf] af]nkq cfXjfgsf] ;"rgfsf]
xsdf slDtdf bz lbg / cGt/f{li6o :t/sf] af]nkq cfXjfgsf] ;"rgfsf] xsdf
slDtdf kGw| lbg cufj} af]nkqbftfx?sf] a}7ssf] cfof]hgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] a}7sdf af]nkqbftfn] k|flws/0f ;dIf vl/b
sf/jfxL ;DjGwL s'g} k|Zg jf lh1f;f /fVg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] lgsfon] k|Zgstf{x?sf]
>f]t pNn]v gu/L ;a} af]nkqbftfnfO{ To:tf] k|Zg jf lh1f;fsf] hjfkm / a}7ssf]
dfO{Go'6 oyflz3| pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] a}7saf6 af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhftsf] s'g}
k|fljlws jf Jofkfl/s kIfdf x]/km]/ ug'{ kg]{ b]lvPdf k|flws/0fn] ;f] sfuhftdf ;f]xL
adf]lhd ;+zf]wg u/L af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft vl/b ug]{ ;a} af]nkqbftfnfO{ To:tf]
;+zf]wg ul/Psf] Aoxf]/f To:tf] a}7s ePsf] kfFr lbg leq k7fpg' kg]{5 .
!##= af]nkq hdfgtM -!_ vl/bsf] k|s[tL cg';f/ ;a} af]nkqbftfnfO{ ;dfg?kn] nfu" x'g]
u/L :jLs[t nfut cg'dfg /sdsf] b'O{ b]lv tLg k|ltzt /sdsf] ;Ldfleq /xL
lglZrt /sd tf]sL af]nkq cfJxfgsf] ;"rgfdf af]nkqbftfn] af]nkq;fy k]z ug]{
af]nkq hdfgt /sd pNn]v ug{' kg]{5 . o:tf] /sd gub} jf jfl0fHo a}+sn] hf/L
u/]sf] ;f] /sd a/fa/sf] af]nkq hdfgt x'g' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] af]nkq hdfgtsf] /sd pNn]v ubf{
cGt//fli6o af]nkqsf] xsdf g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 ;6xL ug{ ;lsg] ljb]zL d'b|fdf
af]nkq hdfgt dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .

96

-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] af]nkq hdfgtsf] dfGo cjlw af]nkqsf]

dfGo cjlw eGbf slDtdf tL; lbg a9Lsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-$_ s'g} af]nkqbftfn] af]nkq cfXjfg ug]{ sfof{nonfO{ s'g} vf; a}+s jf
ljlQo ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf] af]nkq hdfgt u|fXo x'g] gx'g] eGg] s'/f v'nfO lbg
cg'/f]w u/]df To:tf] lgsfon] lghnfO{ ;f] ;DaGwdf tTsfn} hjfkm lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ ljb]zL a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] af]nkq hdfgt jf sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt g]kfn
/fi6 a}+saf6 O{hfht k|fKt jfl0fHo a}sn] k|ltk|Tofe"lt -sfpG6/ Uof/]G6L_ u/]sf] x'g'
kg]{5 .
-^_ k|flws/0fn] af]nkqsf] dfGo x'g] cjlw leq vl/b ;Demf}tf u/L ;Sg' kg]{5
. s'g} sf/0fjz ;f] Dofb leq vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{ g;lsg] ePdf /Lt k'u]sf ;a}
af]nkqbftfxnfO{ af]nkqsf] dfGo x'g] cjlw a9fpg kq k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ pkljlgod -^_ adf]lhdsf] kq cg';f/ af]nkqsf] dfGo x'g] cjlw a9fpg]
jf ga9fpg] eGg] ;DaGwdf af]nkqbftfn] lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ . af]nkqsf] dfGo x'g]
cjlw ga9fpg] af]nkqbftfsf] af]nkq hdfgt hkmt ug{ kfO{g] 5}g . af]nkqsf] dfGo
x'g] cjlw a9fpg] af]nkqbftfn] ;f]xL cg'?k ;DalGwt a}+saf6 dfGo cjlw ;d]t yk
u/L af]nkq hdfgt k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L af]nkqbftfn] cjlw yk u/L af]nkq
hdfgt k]z gu/]df af]nkqsf] dfGo x'g] cjlw a9fPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-*_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k]z u/]sf]] hdfgt b]xfosf] cj:yfdf hkmt
x'g]5 M
-s_ af]nkq k]z ug]{ clGtd ldlt / ;do kl5 af]nkq dfGo x'g] cjlw
leq af]nkqbftfn] af]]nkq ;+zf]wg ug{ jf lkmtf{ ug{ dfu u/]df,
-v_ af]nkqdf b]lvPsf] c+sul0ftLo q'6L ;RofOPsf] s'/f af]nkqbftfn]
:jLsf/ gu/]df,
-u_ 5gf}6 ePsf] af]nkqbftfn] af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt zt{
adf]lhd vl/b ;Demf}tf gu/]df,
-3_ af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgt
af]nkqbftfn] vl/b ;Demf}tf ug]{ Dofb leq lbg g;s]df,
-_ k|flws/0fn] af]nkq k/LIf0fsf] l;nl;nfdf dfu u/]sf] s'g} hfgsf/L
lb+bf af]nkqbftfn] af]nkqsf] d"No jf ;f/e"t s'/f kl/jt{g u/]df,
-r_ vl/b P]gsf] bkmf ^@ adf]lhdsf] cfr/0f ljkl/t sfd u/]df .
-(_ vl/b ;Demf}tf ;DkGg eP kl5 To:tf] vl/b ;Demf}tf ug]{ af]nkqbftf
tyf pkljlgod -*_ adf]lhd hdfgt hkmt ug'{ gkg]{ af]nkqbftfsf] af]nkq
hdfgt ;DalGwt af]nkqbftfnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{' kg]{5 .

97

-!)_ s'g} af]nkqbftfsf] af]nkq hdfgt hkmt ePsf] cj:yfdf lghn] /fv]sf]
hdfgt /sd e'QmfgL ug{ hdfgt hf/L ug]{ a}+s ;dIf hdfgt dfGo /xg] calw leq}
bfjL u/L To:tf] hdfgt /sd k|flws/0fsf] s]Gb|Lo sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
!#$= af]nkq dfGo x'g] cjlwM -!_ k|flws/0fn] jf]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhft jf k|:tfj cfJxfg
;DjGwL sfuhftdf af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfjsf] dfGo x'g] cjlw pNn]v ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw pNn]v ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cjlw
pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ bz s/f]8 ?k}of ;Dd nfut cg'dfg ePsf]
af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfjsf] nflu
gAa] lbg
-v_ bz s/f]8 ?k}of eGbf hlt ;'s} a9L nfut
cg'dfg ePsf] af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf]
k|:tfjsf] nflu
Ps ;o aL; lbg
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf]] cjlwsf] u0fgf af]nkq jf k|:tfj k]z ug]{
clGtd ldltaf6 k|f/De x'g]5 .
-$_ k|flws/0fn] af]nkq jf k|:tfj vf]n]sf] ldltn] bz s/f]8 ?k}ofF;Dd nfut
cg'dfg ePsf] jf]nkq jf k|:tfj eP k}tfnL; lbgleq / bz s/f]8 ?k}ofFeGbf a9Lsf]
nfut cg'dfg ePsf] jf]nkq jf k|:tfj eP ;f7L lbgleq jf]nkq jf k|:tfj :jLs[t
ug]{ cfzosf] ;"rgf af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|flws/0fn] af]nkq
jf k|:tfj vf]n]kl5 af]nkq dfGo x'g] cjlw a9fpg' kg]{ ePdf ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{
cfjZostfg';f/ af]nkq dfGo x'g] cjlw a9fpg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pkljlgod -%_ adf]lhd af]nkq dfGo x'g] cjlw a9fp+bf ;DalGwt
af]nkqbftfsf] dGh'/L lng' kg]{5 .
-&_ pkljlgod -^_ adf]lhdsf] af]nkq dfGo x'g] cjlw a9fpg dGh'/ ug]{
af]nkqbftfn] af]nkq dfGo x'g] cjlw a9fP hlQs} cjlwdf af]nkq hdfgtsf] cjlw
klg a9fO{ To:tf] hdfgt kq k|flws/0fdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ pkljlgod -^_ adf]lhd dGh'/L glbg] af]nkqbftfsf] af]nkq dfGo x'g]
5}g / lghsf] hdfgt lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .

98

!#%= af]nkq k]z ug]{ tl/sfM -!_ af]nkq lgwf{l/t 9f+rfdf, af]nkqbftf jf lghsf] clws[t
k|ltlglwn] /Lt k"j{s ;xL5fk tyf l;njGbL u/L af]nkqbftf cfkm}+n] jf cfkmgf]
k|ltlgwL dfkm{t jf x'nfs jf s'l/o/ dfkm{t jf laB'tLo dfWodaf6 -Joj:yf ul/Psf]
ePdf_ af]nkq k]z ug'{ kg]{ :yfgdf af]nkq k]z ug]{ clGtd ldlt / ;do leq} k]z
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw gf3L k|fKt ePsf af]nkqx? pk/ s'g}
sf/afO{ x'g] 5}g / To:tf af]nkqx? Gfvf]nL ;DalGwt af]nkqbftfnfO{ lkmtf{ ul/g]5 .
-#_ af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfn] k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj, af]nkq jf k/fdz{
;]jfsf] k|:tfj k]z ubf{ k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft, af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft jf
k|:tfj cfJxfg ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v ePsf] ;+Vof / lbO{Psf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd
k|ltlnlk k|lt -skL_ ;lxt k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
!#^= af]nkq lkmtf{ tyf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]M -!_ af]nkqbftfn] Ps k6s k]z u/]sf] af]nkq
lkmtf{ lng jf ;+zf]wg ug{sf] nflu af]nkq k]z ug]{ clGtd ldlt / ;do ;dfKt x'g'
cufj} l;naGbL lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] lga]bg lb+bf To:tf] lga]bg Ps vfddf
l;naGbL u/L vfdsf] aflx/L efudf b]xfosf s'/f pNn]v u/L k|flws/0fdf k]z ug'{
kg]{5M
-s_ af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj sf] laifo,
-v_ af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj cfJxfg ug]{ sfof{no jf clwsf/Lsf]
gfd / 7]ufgf,
-u_ af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj ;+;f]wg ul/Psf] jf lkmtf{ dfu
ul/Psf] ljifo /
-3_ af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj vf]Ng] lbg / ;dodf dfq vf]Ng' kg]{
Joxf]/f .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] l;naGbL vfd k|fKt x'g cfPdf To:tf vfd
ljlgod !#* adf]lhd ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{5 .
-$_ af]nkq jf k|:tfj lkmtf{ dfu ePsf] cj:yfdf lkmtf{ dfusf] cflwsfl/stf
k'li6 u/L ljlgod !#( adf]lhd af]nkq vf]Ng] sfo{ ;dfKt eP kl5 To:tf] af]nkq
gvf]nL lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
!#&= laqmL / btf{ lstfj /fVg' kg]{M -!_ k|flws/0fn] laqmL ePsf] k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL
sfuhft / af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft tyf kg{ cfPsf af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf]
k|:tfjsf] las|L / btf{ clen]v 5'f 5'66} /fVg' kg]{5 .

99

-@_ af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftf cfkm}n] jf lghsf] k|ltlglwn] k"j{ of]Uotfsf]

k|:tfj, af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj k]z ug{ NofPdf k|flws/0fn] a'lem lnO{
lghnfO{ ldlt / ;do v'n]sf] ekf{O{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf] af]nkqsf] aflx/L vfddf k|flws/0fn]
pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd btf{ lstfadf btf{ ePsf] btf{ gDa/ pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ af]nkq lalqm / btf{ x'g] ;do ;dfKt ePkl5 sfof{nosf] k|d'v jf lghn]
tf]s]sf] clws[t sd{rf/Ln] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] lstfjdf b:tvt u/L ;f]
lstfj aGb ug'{ kg]{5 .
!#*= af]nkqsf] ;'/IffM -!_ k|flws/0fn] o; ljlgodfjnL jdf]lhd k|fKt ePsf] af]nkq jf
k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj vf]Ng] ;do cl3 s;}n] vf]Ng gkfpg] u/L ;'/lIft tj/n] /fVg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ k|flws/0fn] af]nkqsf] ;fy k]z ePsf] gd"gfsf] ljz]iftf af]nkq vf]Ng'
cl3 ;fj{hlgs gx'g] u/L uf]Ko / ;'/lIft tl/sfn] /fVg' kg]{5 .
!#(= af]nkq vf]Ng]M -!_ af]nkq k]z ug]{ clGtd ldlt / ;do ;dfKt ePsf] nuQ} ;f]xL
lbg Jff]]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt ;do / :yfgdf k|flws/0fn] af]nkqbftf
jf lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] /f]xa/df af]nkq vf]Ng' kg]{5 .
t/ af]nkqbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglw pkl:yt gePsf] sf/0fn] af]nkq
vf]Ng afwf kg]{ 5}g .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd af]nkq vf]Ng' cl3 k|flws/0fn] Dofb gf3L k|fKt
x'g cfPsf] af]nkqsf] vfd, af]nkq lkmtf{ jf ;+zf]wg ug{sf] nflu lbOPsf] lgj]bgsf]
vfd / /Ltk"j{s btf{ ePsf af]nkqsf] vfdnfO{ 5'6\ofO{ Dofb gf3L k|fKt x'g cfPsf
af]nkq gvf]ln ;DalGwt af]nkqbftfnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L lkmtf{ u/]sf] s'/f,
ldlt / ;do vl/b sf/jfxLsf] k|ltj]bgdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd Dofb gf3L k|fKt x'g cfPsf af]nkq lkmtf{ ug{
5'6\ofP kl5, af]nkqbftfn] lkmtf{ ug{ dfu u/]sf] lga]bgsf] vfd vf]nL To:tf]
af]nkqbftfsf]] gfd k9]/ ;'gfpg' kg]{5 / To; kl5 jf]nkq ;+zf]wg ug{sf] nflu
lbOPsf lga]bgsf] vfd vf]nL To:tf vfd leq /x]sf] Aoxf]/f k9]/ ;'gfpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] lga]bgsf] Joxf]/f k9L ;s]kl5 k|flws/0fn]
bflvnf ePsf af]nkq qmd} ;+u vf]nL To:tf] af]nkqsf] b]xfosf s'/f k9]/ ;'gfO{ ;f]
sf] d'r'Nsf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 / To:tf] d'r'Nsfdf pkl:yt af]nkqbftf jf lghsf]
k|ltlglwsf] b:tvt u/fpg' kg]{5 M
-s_ af]nkqbftfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,

100

-v_ af]nkqsf] sjf]n c+s,

-u_ af]nkqdf s'g} 5'6 lbg k|:tfa ul/Psf] eP ;f]sf] Joxf]/f,
-3_ k|fljlws :k]l;lkms]zgsf] ljsNk k|:tfj ul/Psf] eP ;f]sf] sjf]n
c+s,
-_ af]nkq hdfgt eP jf gePsf],
-r_ c+s / cIf/sf aLr leGgtf eP ;f] leGgtfsf] ljj/0f,
-5_ af]nkq kmf/fddf af]nkqbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] x:tfIf/ eP jf
gePsf],
-h_ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf ;RofO{Psf] jf s]/d]6 u/]sf]df tyf
af]nkqbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwn] x:tfIf/ u/] gu/]sf] tyf s]/d]6
u/L pNn]v u/]sf] /sd / Joxf]/f,
-em_ af]nkq kmf/fddf af]nkqbftfn] s'g} s}lkmot pNn]v u/]sf] eP ;f]sf]
Joxf]/f,
-`_ s'g} af]nkqbftfn] af]nkqdf ;+zf]wg ug{ lga]bg lbPsf] eP To:tf]
;+zf]wgsf] Aoxf]/f,
-6_ s'g} af]nkqbftfn] af]nkq lkmtf{ dfu u/]sf] lga]bg lbPsf] eP
To:tf] af]nkqbftfsf] gfdfjnL,
-7_ k|flws/0fn] pko'Qm 7fg]sf] cGo cfjZos s'/f .
-%_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd af]nkq vf]Nbfsf] ;dodf jf]]nkq :jLs[t jf
c:jLs[t ug]{ lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
!$)= af]nkqsf] d"NofgM -!_ k|flws/0fn] ljlgod !#( adf]lhd vf]n]sf] af]nkq d"Nofs+g
;ldltdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . af]nkq d"Nofs+g ;ldltn] af]nkqsf] d"Nof+g ubf{ af]nkq
;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v ul/Psf] cfwf/ / tl/sf cg';f/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
!$!= af]nkqsf] u|fXotfsf] k/LIf0fM af]nkqbftf af]nkq k]z ug{ sfg"g adf]lhd of]Uo
ePsf]] k'i6\ofO{ ug]{ b]xfosf sfuhftx? k]z eP jf gePsf] ;DaGwdf k/LIf0f
ug'{kg]{5 M
-s_ kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgL btf{sf] k|df0fkq,
-v_ Joj;fo btf{{sf] k|df0fkq,
-u_ d"No clea[l s/ btf{ k|df0f kq / :yfoL n]vf btf{ -Kofg_ k|df0f
kq,

101

-3_

af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf tf]s]sf] cjlw ;Ddsf] s/ r'Qmf

k|df0fkq jf s/ ljj/0f k]z u/]sf] sfuhft,
-_ af]nkqbftfn] vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lng cof]Uo gePsf], k|:tfljt
vl/b sf/jfxLdf cfkm\gf] :jfy{ gaflemPsf]] / ;DjlGwt k]zf jf
Joj;fo ;DjGwL s;"/df cfkm"n] ;hfo gkfPsf] egL lnlvt ?kdf
u/]sf] 3f]if0ff,
-r_ k|flws/0fn] dfu u/]sf cGo sfuhft .

!$@= af]nkqsf] k"0f{tfsf] k/LIf0fM sfg"gL u|fxotfsf] k/LIf0faf6 ;kmn ePsf

af]nkqbftfx?sf] dfq k"0f{tfsf] k/LIf0f ul/g]5 . af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhftdf
af]nkqbftfnfO{ lbOPsf] lgb]{zg cg'?k af]nkq k"0f{ eP jf gePsf]] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf]
k/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ af]nkqbftfdf x:tfIf/ ug{ clwsf/ k|fKt k|ltlglw jf :yfgLo
Ph]G6nfO{ lbPsf] clVtof/gfdf kq k]z eP jf gePsf],
-v_ Aff]nkqdf af]nkqbftf jf lghsf] clwsf/ k|fKt k|ltlglwsf] x:tfIf/
eP jf gePsf],
-u_ sfof{no jf sfof{noaf6 tf]lsPsf] cGo lgsfoaf6 lalqm ePsf]
af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf af]nkq k]z eP gePsf],
-3_ ;DalGwt JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgL cfk}mn] vl/b u/]sf] af]nkq
;DaGwL sfuhft e/L k]z u/] jf gu/]sf]],
-_ af]nkqbftf JolQmut ?kdf jf ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf] ;fem]bf/sf] ?kdf
Ps eGbf j9L af]nkqdf ;+nUg eP jf gePsf],
-r_ af]nkq ;fy hdfgt k]z ug'{ kg]{ eP af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf
pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] lsl;d, cjlw / /sdsf] hdfgt ;+nUg eP
jf gePsf], af]nkq hdfgt af]nkq;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v eP
cg';f/ lgz{t eP jf gePsf], jfl0fHo a}+saf6 hf/L eP jf gePsf],
lab]zL a}+saf6 hf/L ePsf] af]nkq hdfgt eP :jb]zL a}+saf6
k|ltk|Tofe'lt eP jf gePsf], af]nkq hdfgt af]nkq ;DaGwL
sfuhftdf pNn]v ePsf] d'b|fdf k]z eP jf gePsf],
-5_ ;+o'Qm pkqmd ;DjGwL ;Demf}tf cfaZos eP ;f] k]z eP jf
gePsf],
-h_ ;+o'Qm pkqmd agfO{ af]nkq k]z ul/Psf] ePdf;+o'Qm pkqmdsf
;fem]bf/x?sf] gfddf jf]nkq hdfgt k]z eP jf gePsf],

102

-em_ af]nkqbftfsf] of]Uotf ;DaGwL cfjZos sfuhft k]z eP jf

gePsf],
-`_ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft adf]lhd b/ laZn]if0f k]z ug'{ kg]{ eP
To:tf] b/ laZn]if0f k]z eP jf gePsf],
-6_ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft adf]lhd af]nkqsf] dfGo cjlw eP jf
gePsf],
-7_ k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ePsf]df ;+lIfKt ;"rLdf k/]sf af]nkqbftfn]
af]nkq k]z u/]sf] xf] jf xf]O{g,
-8_ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf cGo s'/f .
!$#= hfgsf/L dfu ug{ ;lsg]M -!_ af]nkqsf] k/LIf0f, d"Nof+sg, t'ngf tyf af]nkqbftfsf]
of]Uotf d"Nof+sgsf] l;nl;nfdf ;f] sfo{nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ af]nkqdf pNn]v ePsf]
sjf]n /sd / cGo ;f/e"t s'/f kl/jt{g gx'g] u/L ;fdfGo hfgsf/L Pj+ ljj/0f
k|flws/0fn] pko'Qm 7fg]df lnlvt ?kdf dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ To:tf] hfgsf/L dfu ubf{ af]nkqbftfn] dfu ul/P adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L
tf]lsPsf] ;dofjlw leq glbPdf jf af]nkqdf pNn]v ePsf] sjf]n /sd / cGo
;f/e"t s'/fdf kl/jt{g x'g] u/L af]nkqbftfn] hfgsf/L lbPdf lghsf] af]nkq /2
ul/g]5 .
!$$= af]nkq pk/ sf/afO{ gx'g]M b]xfosf] /Lt gk'u]sf] af]nkq pk/ sf/afO{ ul/g] 5}g M
-s_ l;naGbL eO{ gcfPsf],
-v_ Dofb leq k]z x'g gcfPsf],
-u_ ljlgod !#^ adf]lhd lkmtf{ dfu ePsf]] af]nkq,
-3_ ljlgod !$! / ljlgod !$@ adf]lhd gePsf],
-_ cfk;df ldnf]dtf] u/L bflvnf ePsf] af]nkq,
-r_ af]nkqbftfn] ;Gtf]ifhgs ?kdf sfd ;DkGg ug{ g;Sg] u/L Go"g /sd
saf]n u/L jf k|f/lDes r/0fdf ul/g] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu a9L b/n]
pNn]v -k|mG6 nf]l8_ ePsf]df :kli6s/0f dfu ePsf]df ;f]sf]
;Gtf]ifhgs hjfkm glbPdf,
-5_ k"j{of]Uotf lgwf{/0f u/L af]nkq cfJxfg ul/Psf] ca:yfdf k"a{ of]Uo
ePsf af]nkqbftf afx]s cGo af]nkqbftfaf6 k|fKt af]nkq,

103

-h_ k"j{of]Uotf lgwf{/0f eO{ cfJxfg ePsf] af]nkqdf af]nkqbftfsf] of]Uotf

k"j{of]Uotf cg'?ksf] of]Uotf eGbf ;f/e"t?kdf 36L ePsf] kfOPdf
To:tf] af]nkqbftfsf] af]nkq,
-em_ af]nkq d"Nof+sgsf] l;nl;nfdf af]nkqbftf;+u hfgsf/L dfu ePsf]df
af]nkqbftfn] af]nkqsf] d"No jf cGo ;f/e"t s'/fx?df kl/jt{g jf
;+zf]wg u/]df lghsf] af]nkq,
-`_ af]nkq k]z ug]{ clGtd ldlt / ;do kl5 af]nkq dfGo x'g] cjlw leq
af]nkqbftfn] af]]nkq ;+zf]wg ug{ jf lkmtf{ ug{ dfu u/]df lghsf]
af]nkq,
-6_ k|flws/0fn]] c+sul0ftLo q'6L ;RofPsf]df ;f]sf] hfgsf/L lbbf
af]nkqbftfn] :jLsf/ gu/]df,
-7_ af]nkqbftfaf6 k]z ePsf s'g} sfuhftsf] cflwsfl/stf k'li6 gePdf
jf tYo a+UofO{ jf em'SofO{ k]z u/]df jf e|i6frf/hGo jf hfn;fhL k"0f{
sfo{ u/]df jf To:tf] sfo{df ;+nUg ePdf,
-8_ af]nkqdf ;fgfltgf km/ssf] d"No saf]n /sdsf] kGw| k|ltzt eGbf a9L
x'g uPdf,
-9_ af]nkq vf]n] b]vL af]nkq :jLs[t ug]{ ;"rgf g7fP;Dd ;DalGwt
af]nkqbftfn] af]nkq d"Nof+g k|s[of jf af]nkq :jLs[lt k|s[ofdf k|efj
kfg{ vf]h]df,
-0f_ Ps} JolQmsf] x:tfIf/af6 b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L af]nkq k]z ePdf To:tf]
af]nkqx?,
-t_ ;+o'Qm pks|d agfO{ af]nkq k]z ePsf]df ;+o'Qm pks|dsf] ;fem]bf/x?
tLg eGbf a9L ePdf,
-y_ ljB'tLo ;+rf/ dfWodaf6 af]nkq k]z ePsf]df b]xfosf] cj:yfdfM
-!_ af]nkq hdfgtsf] ;Ssn k|lt af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf
tf]lsPsf] cjlw leq k]z gePdf,
-@_ dfu ePsf] of]Uotf k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft jf :kli6s/0f -hfgsf/L_
k]z gePdf,
-#_ ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 k]z ePsf] sfuhft / af]nkq d"Nof+sgsf]
l;nl;nfdf dfu adf]lhd af]nkqbftfaf6 k]z ePsf] sfuhftdf
;f/e"t?kdf km/s ePdf,
-$_ ljB'tLo ;+rf/ dfWodaf6 / cfkm} pkl:yt eO{k|ltlglw
dfkm{tx'nfs jf s'l/o/af6 k]z ePsf] ;Ssn af]nkqdf ;dfa]z
ePsf sfuhftx?df km/s ePdf,

104

-%_
-^_

ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 k]z ePsf] af]nkq open standards interface

cg';f/ k9g of]Uo gePdf,
af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftsf] d"No jfkt k]z ePsf] a}+s ef}r/
cg';f/ ;DalGwt a}+sdf /sd hDdf ePsf] gb]lvPdf .

!$%= c+sul0ftLo q'6L ;Rofpg]M M-!_ k|To]s af]nkqbftfsf] Aff]nkq vf]Nbfsf] saf]n /sddf
s'g} c+sul0ftLo q'6L 5 5}g k/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{5 . c+sul0ftLo q'6L b]lvPdf b]xfo
adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ O{sfO b/ / s"n /sddf km/s ePdf OsfO b/nfO{ z'4 dfgL s"n
/sdnfO{ ;RofO{g]5 .
-v_ c+s / cIf/df km/s ePdf cIf/df n]lvPsf]nfO{ dfGotf lbO{
;RofO{g]5 .
-@_ c+sul0ftLo q'6L ;RofO{Psf] ePdf ;DalGwt af]nkqbftfnfO{ To:sf]
hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 . ;DalGwt af]nkqbftfn] To;/L q'6L ;RofO{Psf] s'/f :jLsf/
gu/]df lghsf] af]nkq /2 u/L lghsf] af]nkq hdfgt hkmt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd c+sul0ftLo q'6L ;RofP kl5 sfod x'g] saf]n
/sdsf] k|To]s cfO{6dx?sf] O{sfO{ b/ / s"n /sd ;d]t pNn]v u/L t'ngfTds
tflnsf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
!$^ Aff]nkqsf] d"Nof+g k|of]hgsf] nflu Psn d'b|fsf] kl/0ft ug'{ kg]{ M cGt//fli6o
af]nkqsf] xsdf Aff]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf af]nkqbftfn] ljleGg lab]zL d'b|fdf
saf]n ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] ePdf af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v eP
adf]lhd Psn d'b|fdf kl/0ft u/L af]nkqsf] saf]n /sdsf] t'ngf ul/g]5 .
!$&= af]nkqsf] k|fljlws kIfsf] d"Nof+sgM -!_ sfg"gL u|fxotfsf] cfwf/ k"/f u/]sf] /
k"0f{tfsf] k/LIf0faf6 k"0f{ 7xl/Psf] af]nkqx? ;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL eP gePsf]
;DaGwdf b]xfosf ljifodf k/LIf0f ul/g]5M
-s_ dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf cGo ;]jfsf] If]q,
-v_ d'Vo d'Vo dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf cGo ;]jfsf] k|fljlws
:k]l;lkms]zg / sfo{ ;~rfng tyf sfo{ ;Dkfbg -ck/]l6 P08
kkm{d]G;_ ljz]iftfx?, /
-u_ jf/]l06sf] ;dofjlw,
-3_ d"No ;dfof]hg, jLdf, k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{, ljjfb ;dfwfg, bfoLTjx?
h:tf vl/b ;Demf}tfsf zt{x?

105

-_ lgdf{0f sfo{ tf]lsPsf] cjlw leq ;DkGg ug{] sfo{tflnsflgdf{0f

sfo{sf d'Vo d'Vo ls|ofsnfkx? ;DkGg ug]{ cjlw (Key
milestones),
-r_ af]nkq l8hfO{gdf cfwfl/t xf] jf a}slNks l8hfO{g :jLsf/ of]Uo x'g]
-a}slNks af]nkq k]z ug{ cg'dlt lbPsf] cj:yfdf dfq_,
-5_ dfn;fdfgsf] gd"gf dfu ul/Psf] ePdf gd"gfsf] k/LIf0f .
-@_ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]lvt If]q, u'0f:t/, ljz]iftf, ;Demf}tfsf
zt{, sfo{ ;Dkfbg jf cGo s'g} cfjZostf;+u d]n vfg] tyf To:tf] If]q, u'0f:t/,
ljz]iftf, zt{, sfo{ ;Dkfbg jf cGo s'g} cfjZostfdf tflTjs km/s / ulDe/ c;/
gkg]{ tyf k|flws/0fnfO{ :jLsfo{ ;fgfltgf km/s ePsf af]nkqx?nfO{ ;f/e"t?kdf
k|efju|fxL ePsf] af]nkq dflgg]5 .
:kli6s/0fM o; ljlgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;fgfltgf km/s eGgfn]
af]nkq ;DjGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt k|flalws :k]lzlkms]zg, ljj/0f cflb
h:tf s'/f ;+u tflTjs ?kdf leGg gx'g] km/s ;Demg' k5{ .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd k|flws/0fnfO{ :jLsfo{ ;fgfltgf km/ssf] ;Dej
eP;Dd d"No lgsfnL To:tf] d"No af]nkq d"Nof+sgsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;DalGwt
af]nkqbftfsf] saf]n /sddf yk u/L af]nkq d"Nof+g ul/g]5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd ;fgfltgf km/ssf] d"No u0fgf ubf{ sfdsf]
k|s[lt cg';f/ ;DalGwt sfdsf] nfut cg'dfg jf k|rlnt ahf/ d"No jf Jofhb/sf]
cfwf/df sfod ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] nfut cg'dfg, k|rlnt ahf/ d"No jf Jofh b/
lglZrt gePsf] cj:yfdf ;f]xL cfO6dsf] cGo ;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL af]nkqdf
pNn]v ePsf] d"Nosf] cf};tsf cfwf/df sfod ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L sfod ul/g] d"Nosf]
cf}lrTotfsf] ;DaGwdf af]nkqbftf;Fu s'g} k/fdz{ ul/g] 5}g .
-%_ pkljlgod -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg pkljlgod -#_
adf]lhdsf] ;fgfltgf km/ssf] d"No af]nkqbftfsf] saf]n c+ssf] kGw| k|ltzt eGbf
a9L ePdf To:tf] af]nkq ;f/e't ?kdf ck|efju|fxL ePsf] dflgg]5 / To:tf]
af]nkqnfO{ d"Nof+sgdf ;dfj]z ul/g] 5}g .
!$*= af]nkqsf] Jofkfl/s kIfsf] d"Nof+gM -!_ ljlgod !$& adf]lhd af]nkqsf] k|fljlws
kIfsf] d"Nof+g ePkl5 af]nkqsf] d"No afx]s b]xfosf cGo s'/fx? klg b[li6ut u/L
d"Nof+g ug]{ u/L af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf d"Nof+g ug]{ cfwf/x? :ki6?kdf
Joj:yf ul/Psf] ePdf d"Nof+g ;ldltn] To:tf] af]nkqsf] Jofkfl/s kIfsf] d"Nof+g
ug{' kg]{5 M
-s_ dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf cGo ;]jf cfk"lt{ jf ;DkGg ug]{ cjlw,
-v_ e'QmfgLsf] zt{,
-u_ ;+rfng tyf dd{t vr{,

106

-3_ :k]o/ kf6{; / ddt{ ;Def/ ;DaGwL ;'ljwf cflb .

-@_ d"Nofg ;ldltn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] leGgtfsf] d"No sfod ubf{
af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] cfwf/ / tl/sf adf]lhd u0fgf
u/L ;DalGwt af]nkqbftfsf] saf]n /sddf d"Nof+g k|of]hgsf] nflu yk ug'{ kg]{5 .
!$(= af]nkqsf] cfly{s kIfsf] d"Nof+g ug]{M-!_ ljlgod !$& / !$* adf]lhd af]nkqsf]
k|fljlws / Jofkfl/s kIfsf] d"Nof+g ePkl5 To:tf] af]nkqsf] cfly{s kIfsf] d"Nof+g
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd cfly{s kIfsf] d"Nof+g ubf{ k|fljlws /
Jofkf/Ls kIfsf s'/fx? dWo] cfjZos s'/fx?sf] / cfjZostfg';f/ b]xfosf s'/f
;d]tsf] af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v ePsf] cfwf/ / tl/sf adf]lhd d"No
lgwf{/0f u/L af]nkqsf] d"Nof+lst /sd sfod ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ cfGtl/s 9'jfgL vr{,
-v_ k|fljlws ljz]iftf .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd k|fljlws ljz]iftfsf] d"No+fg ubf{
af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt vl/b ;DaGwL Go"gtd b/, Ifdtf jf k|ltkmn cfp6k"6_ eGbf j9L b/, Ifdtf jf k|ltkmnsf] af]nkq k]z ePsf]df d"Nof+g ;ldltn]
Go"gtd b/, Ifdtf jf k|ltkmnsf] dfq d"Nofg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ d"Nof+g ;ldltn] af]nkq d"Nofg ubf{ af]nkqbftfn] l;kmfl/; u/]sf]
hu]8f kf6{k"hf{sf ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ug'{ xF'b}g .
!%)= :jb]zL dfn;fdfg / lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{g] ePdf ;f]sf] d"Nof+g ug'{
kg]{M af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf :jb]zL dfn;fdfg / :yfgLo lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{
k|fyldstf lbO{g] s'/f pNn]v ePdf af]nkqsf] ljlgod !$( adf]lhd cfly{s kIf
d"Nofg ubf{ d"Nof+g ;ldltn] :jb]zL dfn;fdfg jf lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ k|fyldstf
lbO{g] ePdf af]nkq d"Nof+g k|of]hgsf] nflu af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v eP
adf]lhd /sd u0fgf u/L To:tf] /sd k|fyldstf gkfpg] af]nkqbftfsf] saf]n
/sddf hf]8L d"Nof+lst /sd sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
!%!=

af]nkqsf] ljz]if d"Nof+g ug'{ kg]{M -!_ af]nkq d"Nof+g ubf{ vl/b sfo{sf] sfo{
of]hgf, sfo{ ;Dkfbg tflnsf / kl/rfng ;do af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v
eP cg';f/sf] eP jf gePsf], af]nkqbftfn] ljn ckm SjflG66Ldf ;+nUg cfO6dsf]
nflu pNn]v u/]sf] k|lt PsfO b/ ljZj;gLo eP jf gePsf], saf]n c vl/b
;Demf}tfsf] k|f/lDes r/0fdf ug'{ kg]{ sfdsf] cfO6dsf] nflu af]nkqbftfn]
c:jfefljs pRr b/ pNn]v u/]sf]n], jf af]nkqbftfn] lan ckm SjflG66Lsf] s'g}
107

cfO6ddf Go"g cg'dfg ePsf] egL ljZjf; u/]sf] cfO6dsf] nflu lghn] c:jfefljs
pRr b/ pNn]v u/]sf]n] c;Gt'lnt eP jf gePsf] b]lvPdf jf af]nkqbftfn]
;Gtf]ifhgs ?kdf sfd ;DkGg ug{ g;Sg] u/L Go"g saf]n c pNn]v u/]sf] jf
vl/b sfo{sf] If]q jf k|fljlws :k]l;lkms]zg unt ?kdf a'lem jf ga'lem c:jfefljs
Go"g saf]n c pNn]v u/]sf] jf k|f/lDes r/0fdf ul/g] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu a9L
b/n] pNn]v u/]sf] -k|mG6 nf]l8_ b]lvPdf d"Nofg ;ldltn] To:tf] af]nkqbftf;Fu
b/ ljZn]if0f ;lxtsf] :ki6Ls/0f dfu ug'{ kg{]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd d"Nof+g ;ldltn] dfu]sf] :ki6Ls/0fsf]
;Gtf]ifhgs hjfkm lbPdf To:tf] af]nkqbftf;Fu lghsf] saf]n csf] cf7 k|ltztn]
x'g] /sd a/fa/sf] yk sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt lnO{ af]nkq :jLs[t ug]{ l;kmfl/; ug{
/ To:tf] :ki6Ls/0f ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf To:tf] af]nkq c:jLs[t ug{ l;kmfl/; ug{
;Sg]5 .
!%@= sjf]n c+ssf] t'ngfM -!_ ljlgod !$!, !$@, !$#, !$$, !$%, !$^, !$&, !$*,
!$(, !%) / !%! adf]lhdsf] k/LIf0f / d"Nof+g ;dfKt eP kl5 af]nkqsf] saf]n
c+ssf] t'ngf ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L t'ngf ubf{ k|To]s af]nkqsf] d"Nof+lst /sd csf]{
af]nkqsf] d"Nof+lst /sd;+u t'ngf u/L Go"gtd /sd sa'n ug]{ af]nkq lgwf{/0f
ug'{ kg]{5 .
!%#= kZrft of]Uotf d"Nof+sgM -!_ ljlgod !%@ adf]lhd Go"gtd c+s sa'n ug]{
af]nkqbftfsf] of]Uotf af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt of]Uotf d"Nof+sgsf
cfwf/ cg'?k eP gePsf] hf+r ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd Go"gtd c+s sa'n ug]{ af]nkqsf]
af]nkqbftfsf] of]Uotf hfFr ubf{ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt of]Uotf
;DaGwL d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/ cg'?k ePsf] kfO{Pdf To:tf] af]nkq Go"gtd d"Nof+lt
;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL af]nkq dflgg]5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd Go"gtd c+s sa'n ug]{ af]nkqsf]
af]nkqbftfsf] of]Uotf af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/
cg'?k ePsf] gkfOPdf lghsf] jf]nkq d"Nof+sgjf6 x6fO qmdzM csf]{ Go"gtd c+s
sa'n ug]{ af]nkqbftfsf] of]Uotfsf] hfFr u/L ;f]xL cfwf/df Go"gtd d"Nof+lt
;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL af]nkqsf] 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ Pp6f dfq af]nkq kg{ cfPdf ;f] sf] d"Nof+g ubf{ To:tf] af]nkq
;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL ePdf tyf :jLs[t nfut cg'dfg eGbf ;f/e"t?kdf a9L
gePdf :jLs[t ug{ afwf kg]{ 5}g .
!%$= af]nkq c:jLs[t ug]{ jf vl/b sf/afxL /2 ug]{M -!_ b]xfosf] ca:yfdf ;Dk"0f{
af]nkq c:jLs[t ug{ jf vl/b sf/afxL /2 ug{ ;Sg]5M

108

-s_ s'g} klg af]nkq ljlgod !$& sf] pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd
;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL gePdf,
-v_ Go"gtd d"Nof+lst ;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL af]nkqsf] saf]n c+s nfut
cg'dfg eGbf ;f/e"t ?kdf a9L ePdf, jf
-u_ df+u ul/Psf] dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{, k/fdz{ ;]jf jf cGo ;]jf
cfjZos gePdf .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg s]lx af]nkqx? jf
Pp6f dfq af]nkq ;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL ePsf]] sf/0fn] dfq af]nkq c:jLs[t ug{
jf k'gM af]nkq cfJxfg ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-#_ k|flws/0fn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd af]nkq c:jLs[t ePsf] jf vl/b
sf/afxL /2 u/]df ;f]sf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] ;"rgf af]nkq k]z ug]{ ;j} af]nkqbftfnfO{
lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhd ;"rgf lbPsf] tL; lbg leq s'g} af]nkqbftfn]
;j} af]nkq c:jLs[t ePsf]] jf vl/b sf/afxL /2 ePsf]] cfwf/sf] hfgsf/L dfu
u/]df lghnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ af]nkq cfJxfg ubf{ s'g} af]nkq gk/L jf pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd ;Dk"0f{
af]nkq c:jLs[t jf vl/b sf/afxL /2 eO{ k'gM af]nkq cfXjfg ubf{ To;/L af]nkq
c:jLs[t jf vl/b sf/afxL /2 x'gfsf] sf/0fsf] ;dLIff u/L cfjZostfg';f/ af]nkq
;DaGwL sfuhft, k|fljlws :k]lzlkms]zg, nfut cg'dfg tyf vl/b ;Demf}tfsf
zt{x?df x]/km]/ ;d]t u/L ljlgod !@* adf]lhd k'gM af]nkq cfAxfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ o; ljlgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg s'g} af]nkqbftfn]
cfk;df ldnf]dtf] u/L af]nkq bflvnf u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf To:tf af]nkqx? /2
x'g]5g .
!%%= af]nkq d"Nof+sgsf] k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{M -!_ af]nkq d"Nof+g ;ldltn] sfo{ k|f/De
u/]sf] ldltn] bz s/f]8 ?k}of;Ddsf] af]nkq eP PSsfO{ lbgleq / ;f] eGbf dflysf]
af]nkq eP k}tfln; lbg leq af]nkqsf] k/LIf0f tyf d"Nof+g sfo{ ;dfKt u/L
b]xfosf ljj/0f v'n]sf] k|lta]bg ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-s_ vl/b ;DaGwL ljj/0f, nfut cg'dfg,
-v_ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft ljqmL ;+Vof,
-u_ af]nkq lkmtf{ tyf ;+zf]wg ug]{ af]nkqbftfsf] gfd, 7]ufgf,
-3_ af]nkqbftfsf] gfd, 7]ufgf tyf af]nkq vf]lnbf b]lvPsf] saf]n c+s /
d'b|f,
-_ af]nkq k]z ug'{ cl3 a}7s ePsf] ePdf To:tf] a}7ssf] dfO{Go'6,

109

-r_

af]nkqbftfn] ;f]w]sf k|Zg jf lh1f;f tyf ;f] ;DaGwdf k|flws/0fn]

lbPsf] hjfkm,
-5_ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf s'g} ;+zf]wg ul/Psf] ePdf To:tf] ;+zf]wg
;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-h_ sfg"gL u|fxotf kl/If0fsf] ljj/0f
-em_ af]nkqsf] k"0f{tfsf] k/LIf0f ;DaGwL ljj/0f
-`_ k|fljlws ljj/0f jf ;Df}tfsf zt{x? ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf ;fgfltgf
leGgtf tyf To;sf] d"Nof+g ubf{ ckgfOPsf] cfwf/,
-6_ af]nkqsf] cfly{s tyf Jofkfl/s kIfsf] d"Nof+g ul/Psf] ePdf ;f]
;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-7_ af]nkqsf] k/LIf0fsf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} s'/f :ki6 ug{ af]nkqbftf;Fu
s'g} hfgsf/L dfu ul/Psf] eP ;f]lwPsf] k|Zg, k|fKt ePsf] hfgsf/L
tyf d"Nof+sgdf o:tf] hfgsf/Lsf] pkof]u,
-8_ dfn;fdfgsf] gd"gf jf cGo ljlzi7tf k/LIf0f ul/Psf] ePdf gd"gf
k]z ug]{ af]nkqbftfsf] gfdfjnL tyf k/LIf0f ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-9_ ljz]if d"Nof+g ul/Psf] ePdf ;f] ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-0f_ 3/]n' k|fyldstf lbO{Psf] ePdf ;f] ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-t_ ul0ftLo q'6L ;RrfOPsf] tyf 5'6 k|:tfj ;dfof]hg ul/Psf] ljj/0f,
-y_ Go"gtd d"Nof+lst af]nkqsf] lgwf{/0f,
-b_ k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] eP Go"gtd d"Nof+lst af]nkqbftfsf] ;f]
adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k/LIf0f ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-w_ kZrft of]Uotf k|0ffnL ckgfOPsf] eP Go"gtd d"Nof+lst
af]nkqbftfsf] of]Uotf k/LIf0f ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-g_ Go"gtd d"Nof+lst ;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL af]nkq bftfsf] gfd 7]ufgf
/, saf]n /sd ;lxtsf] l;kmfl/; jf af]nkq /2 ug{ l;kml/z tyf /2
ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f,
-k_ af]nkqbftfnfO{ sfnf] ;"rLdf /fVg' kg]{ eP ;f]sf] sf/0f ;lxt
l;kmfl/z,
-km_ af]nkq d"Nof+g ;ldltsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlkx?,
-a_ cGo cfjZos ;"rgfx? .
-@_ d"Nof+g ;ldltn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf ;dofjlw leq af]nkq
d"Nof+g k|lta]bg lbg g;Sg] ePdf Ps tx dflysf] clwsf/Lsf] l:js[lt lng' kg]{5 .

110

!%^= Aff]nkq :jLs[t ug]{ cfzosf] ;"rgf lbg' kg]{M -!_ Aff]nkq d"Nof+g ;ldltaf6 k]z
ePsf] ljlgod !%% adf]lhdsf] k|lta]bg pk/ cfjZos hfFr u/L u/fO{ Go"gtd
d"Nof+lst ;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL af]nkqbftfsf] 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf 5gf}6 ePsf] af]nkqbftfnfO{ lghsf] af]nkq
:jLs[t ug]{ cfzosf] ;"rgf lbg / To:tf] af]nkqbftfsf] gfd, 7]ufgf / /sdsf]
hfgsf/L cGo af]nkqbftfnfO{ ;d]t lbg clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L k|flws/0fn] To:tf] lg0f{o
ePsf] ;ft lbg leq k7fpg' kg]{5 . o;/L af]nkqbftfnfO{ hfgsf/L k7fpbf l56f]
k'Ug] ;fwgaf6 k7fO{ ;Dej eP ;Dd km\ofS; jf O{d]naf6 k7fpg' kg]{5 .
!%&= Aff]nkq :jLs[t u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{M -!_ ljlgod !%^ sf] pkljlgod -#_
adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf lbPsf] ;ft lbgsf] cjlw leq s'g} af]nkqbftfn] ljlgod !*^
adf]lhd lga]bg gu/]df ljlgod !%^ sf] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd 5gf}6 ePsf]
af]nkqbftfsf] af]nkq clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] :jLs[t u/L lghnfO{ kGw| lbg leq
vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{sf] nflu sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt bflvnf ug{ ;"rgf lbg'' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw leq ;DaGwLt af]nkqbftfn] sfo{
;Dkfbg hdfgt bflvnf u/L ljlgod !*& adf]lhdsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw leq sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt bflvnf u/L
af]nkqbftf ;Demf}tf ug{ gcfPdf lghsf] af]nkqsf] hdfgt /sd hkmt u/L ;f]
eGbf nuQ} kl5sf] csf]{ Go"gtd d"Nof+lt ;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL af]nkqbftfsf]
af]nkq :jLs[t u/L vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{' kg{]5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] af]nkqbftf klg sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt
bflvnf u/L vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{ gcfPdf To; kl5sf] Go"gtd d"Nof+lt ;f/e"t?kdf
k|efju|fxL af]nkqbftfsf] af]nkq s|dzM :jLs[t u/L lghnfO{ o; ljlgod adf]lhd
vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{ cfpg] ;"rgf lbg' kg{]5 .
-%_ af]nkq c:jLs[t ePsf] af]nkqbftf dWo] s'g} af]nkqbftfn] pkljlgod !_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf lbPsf] tL; lbg leq lghsf] af]nkq c:jLs[t ePsf]] sf/0fsf]
hfgsf/L dfu u/]df lghnfO{ k|flws/0fn] ;f]sf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
!%*= vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{M vl/b ;Demf}tf ;DkGg ePsf]
;ft lbg leq af]nkq cfJxfgsf] ;"rgf ;+Vof, ;"rgf k|sfzg ePsf] ldlt,
;dfrf/kqsf] gfd, vl/bsf] ljifo, ;Demf}tf ug]{ af]nkqbftfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf /
;Demf}tfsf] d"No v'nfO{ cfk\mgf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fF; u/L ;f] ;"rgf k|flws/0fsf]
j]j;fO6df /fVg' kg]{5 .

111

!%(= dfn;fdfgsf] gd"gf lkmtf{ ug]{M -!_ af]nkq d"Nof+g x'+bf c;kmn ePsf] af]nkqbftfn]]
cfkm"n] k]z u/]sf] dfn;fdfgsf] gd"gf lkmtf{ lbg k|flws/0fnfO{ vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]]
;ft lbg leq lnlvt ?kdf cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd cg'/f]w ePsf]df To:tf] dfn;fdfgsf] gd"gf
k/LIf0fdf gi6 gePsf] eP 9'jfgL ug{ / Kofls ug{ nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ vr{ lghn] g}
Joxf]g]{ u/L To:tf] gd"gf lghnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f pNn]v ePtfklg :jLs[t af]nkqsf]
af]nkqbftfn] k]z u/]sf] dfn;fdfgsf] gd"gfsf] cfk"lt{ ul/g] dfn;fdfg;+u t'ngf
ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu k|flws/0fn] af]nkq d"Nof+g ;ldltjf6 k|dfl0ft u/fO{ l;naGbL
u/L ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{5 .

112

kl/R5]b !%
k/fdz{ ;]jf ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!^)= k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug{ ;lsg]M -!_ k|flws/0fn] b]xfosf] ca:yfdf s'g} JolQm, kmd{,
;+:yf jf sDklgaf6 k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ k|flws/0fdf pknAw hgzlQmaf6 s'g} sfd x'g g;Sg] ePdf, jf
-v_ bft[kIf;+usf] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd j}b]lzs ;xfotf >f]taf6 Aoxf]l/g]
u/L k/fdz{bftfaf6 ;]jf k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ ePdf .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug'{ kbf{ o; ljlgod
adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L vl/b ug'{' kg]{5 .
!^!= sfo{ If]qut zt{ tof/ ug'{ kg]M{ -!_ k|flws/0fn] k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug{sf] nflu
b]xfosf s'/f ;lxtsf] sfo{ If]qut zt{ tof/ ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ k/fdz{bftfn] ug'{ kg]{ sfdsf] k[i7e"dL / p2]Zo,
-v_ k/fdz{bftfsf] sfo{ If]q / lghn] ;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{ sfd,
-u_ sfd;+u ;DalGwt cWoog tyf cfwf/e"t tYof+s pknAw eP
;f]sf] ljj/0f,
-3_ k/fdz{bftfn] k|flws/0fnfO{ s'g} 1fg jf zLk x:tfGt/0f ug{' kg]{
eP ;f] ;DjGwL ljj/0f / tflnd k|bfg ug'{kg]{ eP tflnd lbg' kg]{
sd{rf/Lsf] ;+Vof,
-_ k/fdz{bftfsf] d'Vo hgzlQmsf] sfd tyf of]Uotf / lghn] ug'{ kg]{
sfdsf] nflu nfUg] cg'dflgt s"n ;do,
-r_ k/fdz{bftfn] sfd z'? ug]{ / ;Dkfbg u/L ;Sg' kg]{ ;do,
-5_ k|flws/0fn] pknAw u/fpg] ;"rgf, ef}lts ;'lawf, pks/0fsf]
ljj/0f,
-h_ k/fdz{bftfn] k]z ug'{ kg]{ k|ltj]bg, tYof+s, gS;f, ;e]{ k|ltj]bg
cfbLsf] ljj/0f .
!^@= df}h'bf ;"rLdf /x]sf k/fdz{bftfaf6 k|:tfj dfu u/L k/fdz{ ;]jf lng ;lsg]M -!_
k|flws/0fn] tLg nfv b]vL bz nfv ?k}of+;Ddsf] k/fdz{ ;]jf ljlgod (! adf]lhd
/flvPsf] df}h'bf ;"rLdf /x]sf k/fdz{bftfaf6 slDtdf kGw| lbgsf] ;dofjlw lbO{
lnlvt?kdf k|fljlws / cfly{s k|:tfa 5'f 5'} vfddf dfu u/L vl/b ug{ ;Sg]5 .

113

-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:tfj dfu ubf{ ;Dej eP;Dd 5 j6f /
slDtdf tLg j6f k/fdz{bftfnfO{ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhft k7fO{ k|:tfj dfu ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj d"Nof+g ljlw Go"g nfut ljlw cg';f/
5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
!^#= v'Nnf?kdf cfzo kq dfu u/L ;+lIfKt ;"rL tof/ ug'{ kg]{M -!_ bz nfv ?k}+of eGbf
j9L /sd ;]jf z'Ns nfUg] k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug'{ kg]{ ePdf k|flws/0fn] To:tf]
k/fdz{ ;]jf lbg OR5's JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLaf6 ;f] ;DaGwL cfzo kq
;+sng ug{ slDtdf kGw| lbgsf] cjlw lbO{ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] s'/fx? v'nfO{
/fli6o :t/sf] ;dfrf/kqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgfdf b]xfPsf s'/fx? v'nfpg' kg]{5M
-s_ sfof{nosf] gfd / 7]ufgf
-v_ k|:tfljt sfd jf cfof]hgfsf] ;fdfGo ljj/0f,
-u_ k|:tfljt sfdsf] vr{ Joxf]g]{ ;|f]t,
-3_ cfzokqbftfsf] of]Uotf,
-_ cfzokqbftf kmd{ jf sDkgL eP b]xfPsf hfgsf/L dfu ug'{
kg]{5M
-!_ kmd{ jf sDkgLsf] ljj/0f, ;+u7g / sd{rf/L
-@_ b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L kmd{ jf sDkgLn] ;d"x, ;+u7g jf ;+o'Qm
pkqmdsf] ?kdf k/fdz{ ;]jf lbg] eP To:tf kmd{ jf
sDkgLsf] gfd, 7]ufgf, ljj/0f tyf d'Vo eO{ sfd ug]{ kmd{
jf sDkgLsf] gfd,
-#_ ljut kfFr aif{df ;DkGg u/]sf] ;dfg k|s[ltsf] sfd /
:yfgsf] ljj/0f,
-$_ k|:tfljt sfo{df ;+nUg x'g] k|d'v hgzlQmsf] a}oQmLs
ljj/0f .
-r_ JolQmut k/fdz{bftfsf] xsdf laut tLg aif{df ;DkGg u/]sf]
;dfg k|s[ltsf] sfd / :yfgsf] ljj/0f tyf lghsf] a}olSts
ljj/0f,
-5_ k|:tfljt sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ nfUg] cg'dflgt ;do,
-h_ ;+lIfKt ;"rLdf k/]sf JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLjf6 dfq k/fdz{
;]jf vl/b ;DjGwL k|:tfa dfu ul/g] s'/f,

114

-em_ cfzokqbftfn] k]z ug'{kg]{ sfuhftx?,

-`_ cfzokq tof/ ug]{ lgb]{zg / cfzo kq k]z ug]{ clGtd ldlt,
-6_ k|flws/0f;+u ;Dks{ ug]{ 7]ufgf / ;Dks{ JolQm .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|flws/0fsf] tyf ;fj{hlgs vl/b
cg'udg sfof{nosf] j]e ;fO{6df /fVg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -!_ sf] ;"rgf adf]lhd cfzo kq k]z u/]sf cfzokqbftfsf]]
of]Uotf, cg'ej / Ifdtf ;d]t d"Nofg u/L k|flws/0fn] To:tf] k/fdz{ ;]jf lbg
;Sg] ;fwf/0ftof tLg b]lv 5 cfzokqbftfsf] 5gf}6 u/L ;+lIfKt ;"rL tof/ ug'{ kg]{
5.
-%_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ sDtLdf tLg j6f
cfzokqbftf 5gf}6 x'g g;s]df k|flws/0fn] cfzo kq k]z gug]{ Voflt k|fKt
k/fdz{bftf;+u ;Dks{ u/L lghsf] gfd ;lIfKt ;"rLdf ;dfa]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pkljlgod -%_ adf]lhd ;d]t sDtLdf tLg j6f cfzokqbftf 5gf}6 x'g
g;s]df k|flws/0fn] k'gM ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L cfzo kq dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ pkljlgod -^_ adf]lhd bf]>f] k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ klg sDtLdf
tLg j6f cfzo kq 5gf}6 x'g g;s]df 5gf}6 ePsf hlt cfzokqbftfsf] dfq ;"rL
sfod ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-*_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] ;"rLsf] hfgsf/L k|flws/0fn] cfzo kq
k]z ug]{ ;a} cfzokqbftfx?nfO lbg' kg]{5 .
!^$= vl/b ljlwsf] 5gf}6M -!_ k|flws/0fn] b]xfosf] sfdsf] nflu k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ubf{
u'0f:t/ ljlw 5gf}6 u/L vl/b ug{ ;Sg]]5M
-s_ k/fdz{bftfaf6 ck]lIft sfo{ :ki6?kdf olsg ug{ g;lsg] k|s[tLsf] /
k|flws/0fn] k/fdz{bftfaf6 vf]hk"0f{ k|:tfjsf] ck]Iff u/]sf] sfd,
-v_ pRr bIftf cfjZos kg{] / eljiodf ulDe/ tyf b"/ufdL k|efa kfg]{
lsl;dsf] sfd,
-u_ Joj:yfkg k/fdz{, If]qut -;]S6/n_ tyf gLltut cWoog h:tf
;]jfsf] d"No sfdsf] u'0f:t/df lge{/ x'g] jf JolQm, ;+:yf lkR5]
;f/e"t?kdf cnu cnu tl/sfaf6 ;Dkfbg ug{ ;lsg] / k|lt:klw{
k|:tfasf] nfut t'ngf ug{ g;lsg] lsl;dsf] sfd
-@_ vl/b ug'{ kg]{ k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|s[lt c;fdfGo ?kn] hl6n ePsf] jf
To:tf] ;]jfn] /fli6o cy{tGq jf efjL kl/of]hgfdf pNn]vgLo k|efj kfg{ ;Sg]
cj:yfdf k|:tfasf] 5gf}6 k"0f{tM u'0f:t/ ljlwsf]] cfwf/df ug{ ;lsg]5 . o; ljlwaf6
k/fdz{bftf 5gf}6 ug{ ;ldltsf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .

115

-#_ k|fljlws kIf / cfly{s kIfsf] d"Nofg u/L k/fdz{bftfsf] 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{
ePdf u'0f:t/ / nfut ljlwsf] 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ If]qut cWoog, ahf/ cWoog, ;Lldt If]q ePsf ;e]{If0f, af]nkq
;DaGwL sfuhftsf] k'g/fanf]sg h:tf ;fwf/0f k|s[ltsf sfdsf] la:t[t sfo{ If]qut
zt{x? :ki6 ePsf], k/fdz{bftfnfO{ ;f] sfd ug{ nfUg] ;do / hgzlQm k"af{g'dfg
ug{ ;lsg] jf ;f] sfdsf] nflu lglZrt ah]6 eO{ a9fpg g;lsg] ePdf lglZrt
ah]6 ljlw 5gf}6 ug{ ;lsg]5 . o; ljlwdf k|:tfj dfu ubf{ ;f] sfdsf] nflu :jLs[t
ah]6 v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ n]vf k/LIf0f, ;fdfGo OlGhlgo/L l8hfOg tyf vl/b Ph]G6 h:tf /fd|/L
cEof; eO;s]sf, lgoldt k|s[ltsf / sd nfut nfUg] sfdsf nflu Go"g nfut ljlw
5gf}6 ug{ ;lsg]5 .
!^%=

k|:tfj dfu ug]{M -!_ ljlgod !^# adf]lhd ;+lIfKt ;"rL tof/ eP kl5 k|flws/0fn]
;f] ;+lIfKt ;"rLdf k/]sf cfzokqbftfx?nfO{ k|:tfa ;DaGwL sfuhft k7fO{ slDtdf
tL; lbgsf] ;do lbO{ lghx?af6 k|:tfj dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfa ;DaGwL sfuhftdf b]xfosf s'/fx?
pNn]v u/L k|:tfj :jLs[t ug{ clwsf/ k|fKt ePsf] clwsf/Laf6 :jLs[lt x'g'
kg]{5M
-s_ sfof{nosf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ vl/b ug'{ kg]{ ;]jfsf] k|s[lt, ;]jf k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ cjlw, :yfg, ;]jfsf]
sfo{If]qut zt{x?, ;DkGg ug'{ kg]{ sfo{ / ck]lIft kl/0ffd,
-u_ k|:tfj tof/ ug{ k|:tfjbftfx?nfO{ lgb]{zg,
-3_ k|fljlws / cfly{s k|:tfj cnu cnu vfddf /fvL l;naGbL u/L
k|To]s vfdsf] afxL/ s'g k|sf/sf] k|:tfj xf] ;f] :ki6?kn] pNn]v
u/L b'a} k|:tfjnfO{ csf]{ 5'6\6} vfd aGbL u/L dfu ul/Psf] ;]jfsf]
laifo pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ s'/f,
-_ k|fljlws tyf cfly{s d"Nofg ef/,
-r_ k|:tfj d"Nofg / t'ngf ug]{ cfwf/ / c+s ef/,
-5_ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf zt{x?,
-h_ k|:tfj k]z ug'{ kg]{] :yfg, ldlt / ;do,
-em_ k|:tfj 5gf}6 ug]{ ljlw,
-`_ :jfy{ aflemg] ePdf k|:tfj pk/ sf/afxL gx'g] s'/f / e|i6frf/ jf
hfn;fhL u/]df x'g] sfg"gL sf/afO{] ;DaGwL hfgsf/L,

116

-6_

k|flws/0fn] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sf/afO{ ubf{ u/]sf] q'l6 jf lg0f{o lj?4

k'g/fjnf]sgsf nflu k|:tfjbftfn] lga]bg lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf,
-7_ k|:tfjbftfn] k|:tfj u/]sf] k|d'v hgzlQmn] cfkmgf] xfn;fn}sf]
a}olSts ljj/0f ;To / k"0f{ /x]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft u/]sf] x'g' kg]{
Joxf]/f,
-8_ k|fljlws k|:tfj d"Nof+g u/] kl5 dfq cfly{s k|:tfa vf]lng] s'/f,
-9_ k|fljlws k|:tfjdf k|:tfjbftfn] k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ plQ0ff{,
-0f_ k|:bftfjbftfn] ;DalGwt sfdsf] nflu cfgf] 5'} sfo{ of]hgf tyf
hgzlQm k|:tfa ug{ ;Sg] jf g;Sg],
-t_ k|:tfabftfn] sfo{If]qut zt{df l6Kk0fL ug{ ;Sg] jf g;Sg] .

-#_ pkljgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pkljlgod -@_ sf]
v08 -r_ adf]lhd k|:tfj d"Nofg ug]{ cfwf/x? pNn]v ubf{ k|fljlws k|:tfj
d"Nofg ug]{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf s'g} jf ;a} cfwf/ cfaZostf cg';f/ v'nfpg' kg]{5M
-s_ k/fdz{bftfn] ug'{ kg]{ sfd ;DaGwL k/fdz{bftfsf]] cg'ej,
-v_ k/fdz{bftfn] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ k|:tfljt tl/sf -d]yf]8f]nf]hL_ sf]
u'0f:t/,
-u_ k|:tfljt d'Vo hgzlQmsf] of]Uotf,
-3_ 1fg tyf k|ljlw x:tfGt/0fsf] Joj:yf .
-$_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pkljlgod -@_
sf] v08 -em_ adf]lhd k|:tfj 5gf}6 ug]{ ljlw pNn]v ubf{ ljlgod !^$ adf]lhdsf
ljlwx? dWo] pko'Qm ljlw ;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ k|:tfjsf] 5gf}6 ug{ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf k|:tfj d"Nof+gsf]
c+sef/ pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L c+s ef/ pNn]v ubf{ sfdsf] k|s[lt / hl6ntf
cg';f/ k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfasf] s"n c+sef/ Ps ;o x'g] u/L / To:tf] s"n
c+sef/ dWo] k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] c+sef/ ;Q/L b]vL gAa] / cfly{s k|:tfjsf] c+sef/
tL; b]vL bz ;Dd x'g] u/L lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-^_ k/fdz{bftfsf] 5gf}6 ug{ k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] c+s ef/ pNn]v ubf{
k|flws/0fn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] c+ssf] ;Ldf ggfg] u/L sfdsf] k|s[lt / hl6ntf
cg';f/ pko'Qm c+s pNn]v ug{' kg]{5 M

117

-s_ k|:tfjbftfsf] vf; sfdsf] cg'ej

-v_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ tl/sf / sfo{
If]qut zt{ k|ltsf] k|efju|fxLtf
-u_ d'Vo d'Vo hgzlQmsf] of]Uotf /
cg'ej
-3_ k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f jf tflnd
-_ :jb]zL hgzlQmsf] ;xeflutf
hDdf

s"n csf] bz k|ltzt ;Dd

s"n csf] jL; b]lv krf;
k|ltzt ;Dd
s"n csf] tL; b]lv ;f7L k|ltzt
;Dd
s"n csf] bz k|ltzt ;Dd
s"n csf] bz k|ltzt ;Dd
s"n c !))

-&_ pkljlgod -^_ sf] v08 -_ df plNnlvt c+s ef/ /fli6o:t/sf] k|:tfj
dfu ubf{ nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-*_ pkljlgod -^_ df plNnlvt ;a} d"Nof+gsf cfwf/nfO{ tLg j6f pk
cfwf/df ljefhg u/L ;f] jfktsf] c+s ;d]t lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ pkljlgod -^_ jdf]lhd c+sef/ pNn]v ubf{ pQL0ff{+s ;d]t pNn]v ug'{
kg]{5 .
-!)_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ubf{ ;fj{hlgs
vl/b cg'udg sfof{noaf6 hf/L ePsf] gd"gf k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftsf] cfwf/df
tyf k|flws/0fsf] lgb]{zg ;d]t kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 .

!^^= k|:tfj tof/ ug{ lbO{g] lgb]{zgdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ s'/fM ljlgod !^% sf] pkljlgod
-@_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfa tof/ ug{ k|:tfabftfnfO{ lbOg] lgb]{zgdf
k|flws/0fn] b]xfosf s'/f pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ cfly{s k|:tfa / k|fljlws k|:tfasf] 9fFrf,
-v_ k|fljlws / cfly{s k|:tfa tof/ ug]{ t/Lsf,
-u_ sfd slt r/0fdf k"/f x'g,] yk sfd lbg ;lsg] g;lsg] s'/f,
-3_ k|:tfa ;DjGwL sfuhftsf ;DaGwdf k|:tfjbftfn] s'g} hfgsf/L lng'
kg]{ eP To:tf] hfgsf/L lng ;lsg] tl/sf,
-_ k|:tfljt sfdsf] s'g} c+z k/fdz{bftfn] ;jsG6fs6df lbg ;Sg] g;Sg]
s'/f,
-r_ k|flws/0fn] pknAw u/fpg] ;"rgf, ;]jf, pks/0f ;DaGwL hfgsf/L,

118

-5_ k|:tfj k]z ug'{ cl3 k|:tfabftfsf] a}7s x'g] gx'g] s'/f,
-h_ k|:tfj dfGo x'g] cjlw,
-em_ k|:tflat vl/b sf/afO cGtu{t ;[hgf x'g] s'g} dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{,
lgdf{0f sfo{, cGo ;]jf jf k/fdz{ ;]jf ;DaGwL sfd k/fdz{bft[ kmd{ jf
lgh;+u ;Da4 JolQm ;+:yfnfO{ lb+bf k|:tfljt k/fdz{ ;]jf ;+usf] :jfy{
aflemg ;S5 eGg] k|flws/0fnfO{ nfu]df To:tf] k|:tfabftf jf JolQmnfO{
To:tf] sfd lbg g;lsg] s'/f,
-`_ k|:tfjbftf / lghsf] hgzlQmn] ltg{'kg]{ s/ jf/]sf] hfgsf/L /
k|:tfjbftfn] s/ jf cGo s'g} ljifodf yk hfgsf/L lng rfx]df lghn]
;Dks{ ug'{ kg]{ cflwsf/Ls cGo lgsfo,
-6_ k|:tfasf] efiff,
-7_ k|flws/0fn] k|:tfa ;DaGwL sfuhft ;+zf]wg ug]{ sfo{ljlw,
-8_ k|:tfj k]z ug]{ t/Lsf,
-9_ k|:tfj vf]Ng] tl/sf,
-0f_ uf]klgotf ;DaGwL zt{ .
!^&= k|:tfj vf]Ng] tl/sfM -!_ k|:tfj bflvnf ug]{ clGtd Dofb ;dfKt ePkl5
k|:tfjbftfaf6 k|fKt k|:tfjsf] aflx/L vfd vf]nL k|fljlws / cfly{s k|:tfjsf
l;njGbL vfd 5'6ofpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd 5'6\ofO{Psf vfdx? dWo] klxn] k|fljlws k|:tfa
vf]Ng' kg]{5 / cfly{s k|:tfjsf] vfd gvf]nL ;'/lIft;fy 5'6\6} /fVg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd 5'6\ofO{Psf] cfly{s k|:tfjsf] vfd k|fljlws
k|:tfj d"Nofg u/] kl5 dfq ljlgod !&! adf]lhd vf]Ng' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:tfa vf]Nbf k|:tfabftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwsf]
/f]xa/df vf]Ng' kg]{5 .
t/ k|:tfabftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglw pkl:yt gePsf] sf/0fn] k|:tfj
vf]Ng afwf kg]{ 5}g .
-%_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:tfj vf]Ng' cl3 k|flws/0fn] Dofb gf3L k|fKt
x'g cfPsf] k|:tfjsf] vfd / /Ltk"j{s btf{ ePsf k|:tfjsf] vfdnfO{ 5'6\ofO{ Dofb
gf3L k|fKt x'g cfPsf k|:tfj gvf]nL ;DalGwt k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
To;/L lkmtf{ ul/Psf] s'/f, ldlt / ;do k|flws/0fn] vl/b sf/jfxLsf] k|ltj]bgdf
v'nfpg' kg]{5 .

119

-^_ pkljlgod -%_ adf]lhd k|:tfj lkmtf{ u/] kl5, k|flws/0fn] /Lt k"j{s
btf{ ePsf k|:tfjsf] aflx/L vfd qmd} ;+u vf]nL ;f] vfd;+u /x]sf] k|fljlws k|:tfjsf]
vfd vf]nL b]xfosf s'/f k9]/ ;'gfO{ ;f] sf] d'r'Nsf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ k|:tfjbftfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ k|:tfjdf k|:tfjbftfsf] x:tfIf/ eP gePsf,]
-u_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf ;RofO{Psf] jf s]/d]6 u/]sf]df k|:tfjbftf
jf lghsf] k|ltlglwn] x:tfIf/ u/] gu/]sf],
-3_ k|flws/0fn] pko'Qm 7fg]sf] cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
-&_ pkljlgod -^_ adf]lhdsf] d'r'Nsfdf k|flws/0fn] pkl:yt k|:tfjbftf jf
lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] b:tvt u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-*_ pkljlgod -&_ adf]lhd vf]lnPsf] k|fljlws k|:tfj k|flws/0fn] ozflz3|
d"Nof+g ;ldltnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
!^*= k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"Nof+g ug]{ tl/sfM -!_ d"Nof+g ;ldltn] k|fljlws k|:tfjsf]
d"Nof+g k|:tfa ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v ePsf] d"Nofg sf] cfwf/ adf]lhd ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"Nof+g ubf{ d"Nof+g
;ldltsf k|To]s ;b:on] 5'f 5'} ?kdf d"Nof+g u/L k|:tfjbftfn] k|fKt u/]sf] c+s
olsg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd c+s olsg eP kl5 ;f] ;ldltsf] k|To]s ;b:on]
k|bfg u/]sf] c+s u0fgf u/L ;f] ;ldltn] To:tf] k|:tfan] k|fKt u/]sf] cf}ift c+s
lgsfNg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -@_ / -#_ adf]lhd d"Nof+g kl5 d"Nof+g ;ldltn] ljlgod
!^% sf] pkljlgod -(_ adf]lhdsf] pQL0ff{+s k|fKt ug{] k|:tfjbftfx?sf] ;"rL tof/
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rL tof/ ubf{ pRrtd c++s k|fKt ug{]
k|:tfjbftfb]lv s|d};+u tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ d"Nof+g ;ldltn] k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"Nof+gsf] sfo{ ;dfKt gx'Gh]n
cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Ng x'+b}g .
-&_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rLdf /x]sf k|:tfjbftfsf] dfq ljlgod
!&! adf]lhd cfly{s k|:tfj vf]lng]5 .
-*_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rLdf ;dfa]z x'g g;s]sf k|:tfjbftfsf]
k|:tfj gvf]nL ;DalGwt k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .

120

!^(= d"Nof+g k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{kg]{M -!_ d"Nofg ;ldltn] ljlgod !^* adf]lhdsf]
d"Nof+g ;DaGwL sf/afO kl5 k|:tfjsf] u'0f:t/ ;DaGwdf k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgdf b]xfosf s'/fx? ;d]t k|To]s
k|:tfjsf] ;fk]lIfs ;jntf, b'j{ntf / d"Nofgsf] kl/0ffd pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ k|:tfjbftfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] clwsf/ k|fKt k|ltlglwsf] ;lx5fk eP jf
gePsf],
-u_ k|:tfjbftf k|:tfj k]z ug{ sfg"g adf]lhd of]Uo ePsf]] k'i6\ofO{ ug]{
sfuhftx? k]z eP jf gePsf],
-3_ ;+o'Qm pkqmd ;DjGwL ;Demf}tf cfaZos eP ;f] k]z eP jf gePsf],
-_ k|:tfj ;DjGwL sfuhftdf k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lbOPsf] lgb]{zg cg'?k
k|:tfj k"0f{ eP jf gePsf]] .
!&)= cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Nbf 5gf}6 ePsf] k|:tfjbftfnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{M -!_ k|flws/0fn]
ljlgod !^* sf] pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rLdf ;dfa]z ePsf k|:tfjbftfnfO{
cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Ng] :yfg, ldlt / ;do pNn]v u/L ;f] ldlt / ;dodf pkl:yt x'g
;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:tfjbftfnfO{ pkl:yt x'g ;"rgf lb+bf /fli6o
:t/sf]] k|:tfjsf] xsdf slDtdf ;ft lbg / cGt/f{li6o :t/sf] k|:tfjsf] xsdf
slDtdf kGw| lbgsf] cjlw lbg' kg]{5 .
!&!= cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Ng]M -!_ k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"Nof+gaf6 of]Uo eO{ ljlgod !&) sf]
pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd ;"rgf lbO{Psf k|:tfjbftfsf] dfq cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Ng'
kg]{5 .
-@_ d"Nof+g ;ldltn]] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd cfly{s k|:tfjsf] vfd vf]Nbf
k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] pkl:yltdf vf]Ng' kg]{5 .
t/ k|:tfabftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglw pkl:yt gePsf] sf/0fn] cfly{s
k|:tfj vf]Ng afwf kg]{ 5}g .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd cfly{s k|:tfjsf] vfd vf]n] kl5 d"Nofg
;ldltn] k|:tfjbftfsf] gfd, lghn] k|fljlws k|:tfjdf k|fKt u/]sf] c+s / cfly{s
k|:tfjdf k|:tfj u/]sf] ;]jf z'Ns k9]/ ;'gfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] d'r'Nsf tof/ ug'{
kg]{5M

121

-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
-_

k|:tfjbftfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,

k|:tfljt ;]jf z'Ns,
k|:tfljt ;]jf z'Nsdf s'g} 5'6 lbg k|:tfa ul/Psf] eP ;f]sf] Joxf]/f,
c+s / cIf/sf aLr leGgtf eP ;f] leGgtfsf] ljj/0f,
cfly{s k|:tfjdf k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] x:tfIf/ eP
gePsf,]
-r_ cfly{s k|:tfjdf s'g} s'/f jf Aoxf]/f s]/d]6 u/]sf] eP ;f] 7f+pdf
k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwn] x:tfIf/ u/] gu/]sf] tyf s]/d]6
u/]sf] /sd / Joxf]/f,
-5_ k|flws/0fn] pko'Qm 7fg]sf] cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
-$_ pQL0ff{+ k|fKt gug]{ k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lghsf] k|fljlws k|:tfj 5gf}6 x'g
g;s]sf] sf/0f v'n]sf] ;"rgf ;lxt lghsf] cfly{s k|:tfj gvf]nL lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
!&@= cfly{s k|:tfjsf] d"Nof+gM -!_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf cGoyf pNn]v ul/Psf]df
jfx]s cfly{s k|:tfjsf] d"Nof+g k|of]hgsf] nflu ;f] k|:tfjdf d"No clea[lWb s/
afx]s k|rlnt sfg"g jdf]lhd k/fdz{bftfnfO{ nfUg] s/ tyf k/fdz{bftfsf] e|d0f,
;DalGwt sfuhftsf] cg'jfb, k|ltj]bg 5kfO{ jf lz/f]ef/ vr{ h:tf ;f]wegf{ x'g] vr{
;d]t lghsf] ;]jf z'Nsdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] dflgg] 5 .
-@_ d"Nof+g ;ldltn] k|To]s k|:tfjbftfsf] cfly{s k|:tfjsf] d"Nof+g ubf{
k|:tfjdf s'g} c+s ul0ftLo q'6L kfOPdf k|flws/0fn] To:tf] q'l6 ;Rofpg ;Sg]5 /
To;/L q'6L ;Rofp+bf OsfO b/ / s"n /sddf leGgtf ePdf OsfO b/ dfGo x'g]5 /
;f]xL b/ adf]lhd s"n /sd ;Rofpg' kg]{5 . To;/L q'6L ;RofO{Psf] ePdf ;f]sf]
hfgsf/L ;DalGwt k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ k|:tfjbftfn] cfly{s k|:tfjdf pNn]v u/]sf] /sd c+s / cIf/df km/s
k/]df cIf/df n]lvPsf] /sd dfGo x'g]5 .
-$_ ljlgod !&! sf] pkljlgod -#_ -u_ adf]lhd k|:tfljt ;]jf z'Nsdf
k|:tfjbftfn] s'g} 5'6 lbg k|:tfa ul/Psf] s'/f cfly{s k|:tfj vf]n]sf] d'r'Nsfdf
pNn]v ePsf] eP d"Nof+g ;ldltn] To;/L 5'6 lbg k|:tfj ul/Psf] /sd ;dfof]hg
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -@_, -#_ / -$_ adf]lhdsf] d"Nof+g kl5 ;a} k|:tfjbftfsf]
sfod x'g cfPsf] ;]jf z'Nssf] ;"rL tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ k|:tfjsf] 5gf}6 ug{ u'0f:t/ / nfut ljlw ckgfO{Psf]df k|fljlws k|:tfj
/ cfly{s k|:tfjsf] ;+o'Qm d"Nofg u/L pkljlgod -&_ adf]lhd ;a} eGbf a9L c+s
k|fKt ug]{ k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 .

122

-&_ pkljlgod -^_ adf]lhd k|:tfjsf] 5gf}6 ug{ u'0f:t/ / nfut ljlw
ckgfO{Psf] ePdf d"Nof+g ;ldltn] b]xfo adf]lhd k|fljlws / cfly{s k|:tfjsf]
d"Nof+g u/L ;kmn k|:tfjbftfsf] 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ d"Nof+g ul/g] k|:tfjbftfsf] k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] k|fKtf+snfO{ k|fljlws
k|:tfjsf] nflu 5'6\ofO{Psf] c+s ef/n]] u'0fg u/L k|fKt u'0fgkmnnfO{
Ps ;on] efu ubf{ cfpg] efukmnsf] c+s k|fljlws k|:tfasf] v'b
k|fKtf+s x'g]5 .
-v_ k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"Nof+gaf6 ;kmn ePsf k|:tfax? dWo] ;a}eGbf
36L ;]jf z'Ns /sdnfO{ cfly{s k|:tfjsf] nflu 5'6\ofO{Psf] c+s
ef/n]] u'0fg u/L k|fKt u'0fgkmnnfO{ d"Nof+g ul/g] k|:tfjbftfsf]
;]jf z'Ns /sdn] efu ubf{ cfpg] efukmnsf] c+s cfly{s k|:tfasf]
v'b k|fKtf+s x'g]5 .
-u_ pkv08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] k|fKtf+s / pkv08 -v_
adf]lhdsf] cfly{s k|:tfjsf] v'b k|fKtf+s hf]8L ;+o'Qm d"Nofg ubf{
;a} eGbf a9L c+s kfpg] k|:tfjbftf ;kmn x'g] x'+bf lghsf]
k|:tfanfO{ 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
k|fljlws k|:tfj / cfly{s k|:tfjsf] ;+o'Qm d"Nof+g ug]{ pbfx/0fM
-!_ k|fljlws k|:tfjnfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] s"n c+ef/ = *)
lgwf{l/t ptL0ff{ Nofpg] s, v / u k|:tfjbftfn] k|fljlws
k|:tfjdf kfPsf] c+ M
s= = ()
v=

-@_

*%

u= = *)
pko'{Qm c+sf] cfwf/df k|fljlws k|:tfjdf kfpg] c u0fgf
ug]{ tl/sf M
s= = () X *) = &@
!))
v= = *% X *) = ^*
!))
u= = *) X *) = ^$
!))
cfly{s k|:tfjnfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] c+ef/ = @)
123

k|fljlws k|:tfjdf ptL0f{ ePsf s, v / u k|:tfjbftfn]

cfly{s k|:tfjdf saf]n u/]sf] /sd M
s= == $,%),))).
v=

==

$,#),))).

u=

==

$,@),))).

t;y{ ;j}eGbf 36L saf]n u/]sf] /sd = $,@),))).

pko'{Qm c+sf] cfwf/df cfly{s k|:tfjdf kfpg] c u0fgf ug]{
tl/sf M
s= = $,@),))) X @) = !*=^^
$,%),)))
v= = $,@),))) X @) = !(=%#
$,#),)))
u= = $,@),))) X @) = @)=))
$,@),)))
k|:tfjbftf k|fljlws
cfly{s
s"n c+s s}lkmot
k|:tfjsf] v'b k|:tfjsf] v'b
k|fKtf
k|fKtf
;a} eGbf a9L s"n c+s
s
&@
!*=^^
()=^^ kfpg] k|:tfjbftf s
5gf}6 ug'{kg]{ .
v

^*

!(=%#

*&=%#

Uf

^$

@)=))

*$=))

-*_ k|:tfjsf] 5gf}6 ug{ u'0f:t/ ljlw ckgfO{Psf] ePdf k|fljlws k|:tfjdf
pRrtd c+s k|fKt ug]{ k|:tfjbftfsf] dfq k|:tfj 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ k|:tfjsf] 5gf}6 ug{ lglZrt ah]6 ljlw ckgfO{Psf]df To:tf] ah]6sf]
;Ldf eGbf a9L /sdsf] cfly{s k|:tfj k]z ug]{ k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj /2 ul/g]5 /

124

To:tf] ah]6sf] ;Ldf leq k/L k|fljlws k|:tfjdf pRrtd c+s k|fKt ug]{
k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!)_ k|:tfjsf] 5gf}6 ug{ Go"g nfut ljlw ckgfO{Psf]df k|fljlws k|:tfjdf
;kmn x'g tf]lsPsf] plQ0f{f k|fKt ug]{ k|:tfabftfx? dWo] ;a} eGbf sd /sdsf]
cfly{s k|:tfj k]z ug]{ k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
!&#= k|:tfj c:jLs[t ug]{ / vl/b sf/afxL /2 ug]{M -!_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf k|flws/0fn]
;Dk"0f{ k|:tfj c:jLs[t ug{ jf vl/b sfjf{xL /2 ug{ ;Sg]5M
-s_ k|fKt ;Dk"0f{ k|:tfj sfo{If]qut zt{x? cg';f/ ;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL
gePdf,
v_ nfut cg'dfg / pknAw ah]6 eGbf 5gf}6 ePsf]] k|:tfjbftfsf] cfly{s
k|:tfasf] /sd ;f/e"t ?kdf a9L ePdf,
-u_ k/fdz{ ;]jf cfjZos gkg]{ ePdf, jf
-3_ k|:tfjbftfn] cfk;df ldnf]dtf] u/L k|:tfj lbPsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf .
t/ ldnf]dtf] gu/]sf k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj pk/ sf/afxL ug{ ;lsg]5 .
!&$= jftf{ ug{ ;lsg]M -!_ ljlgod !&@ adf]lhd 5gf}6 ePsf] k|:tfjbftf;Fu sfo{ If]qut
/ k|:tfljt ;]jfsf] sfo{If]q, k|utL k|lta]bg, k|flws/0fn] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ ;'ljwf
h:tf ljifodf jftf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ ljlgod !&@ sf] pkljlgod -*_ sf] ca:yfdf afx]s cfly{s k|:tfjsf]
;DaGwdf k]zfljbx?sf] kfl/>lds ;DaGwdf jftf{ x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
t/ ;f]wegf{ x'g] k|s[ltsf vr{ ;DaGwdf jftf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd jftf{ ubf{ k|flws/0f / k|:tfjbftf b'a}nfO{ :jLsfo{
x'g] ;xdlt xfl;n x'g g;s]df ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lbO{
k|flws/0fn] ljlgod !&@ sf] pkljlgod -&_, -*_ / -(_ sf] k|:tfjssf] xsdf
To;kl5sf] pRrtd c+s k|fKt ug]{ / ;f]xL ljlgodsf] pkljlgod -!)_ sf] k|:tfjsf]
xsdf To;kl5sf] ;j}eGbf sd ;]jf z'Ns ePsf] csf]{ k|:tfjbftf;Fu qmd};Fu aftf{
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd ePsf] jftf{sf] dfO{Go'6 /fVg' kg]{5 / jftf{df ePsf
;xdltnfO{ ;Demf}tfsf] cleGg c+usf] ?kdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
-%_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd 5gf}6 ePsf] k|:tfjbftf;+u jftf{ ubf{ k|flws/0fn]
To:tf] k|:tfjbftfnfO{ ldlt, ;do / :yfg vf]nL jftf{ ug{ cfpg slDtdf ;ft lbgsf]
;dofjlw lbO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .

125

!&%= vl/b ;Demf}tf ug]{M -!_ ljlgod !&$ adf]lhd ePsf] jftf{df ;xdltdf k'u]sf]
k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t ug{sf] nflu 5gf}6 ul/g] 5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:tfj 5gf}6 ePsf] ;ft lbg leq clwsf/ k|fKt
clwsf/Ln] To;/L 5gf}6 ePsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t ug]{ cfzosf] ;"rgf ;DalGwt
k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lbg / ;"lrdf k/]sf cGo k|:tfjbftfnfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L lbg lg0f{o
u/L ;f]xL adf]lhd hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd ;"rgf lbPsf] ;ft lbg leq s'g} k|:tfjbftfn]
ljlgod !*^ adf]lhd lga]bg gu/]df pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd 5gf}6 ePsf]
k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Laf6 :jLs[t ul/g]5 / To:tf] k|:tfjsf]
k|:tfjbftfnfO{ ;Demf}tf ug{ cfpg kGw| lbgsf] cjlw lbO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw leq lgh ;Demf}tf ug{ pkl:yt ePdf
lgh;+u o; ljlgod adf]lhdsf] ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 / ;Demf}tf ug{ pkl:yt gePdf
k|flws/0fn] ljlgod !&@ sf] pkljlgod -&_, -*_ / -(_ sf] k|:tfjssf] xsdf
To;kl5sf] pRrtd c+s k|fKt ug]{ / ;f]xL ljlgodsf] pkljlgod -!)_ sf] k|:tfjsf]
xsdf To;kl5sf] ;j}eGbf sd ;]jf z'Ns ePsf] csf]{ k|:tfjbftf;Fu qmd};Fu jftf{
u/L o; ljlgod adf]lhd ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 .
!&^= tfnLd, uf]i7L / ;]ldgf/ h:tf ;]jf ;f]e}m jftf{af6 vl/b ug{ ;lsg]M k|flws/0fnfO{
pkof]uL / cfjZos kg]{ tfnLd, uf]i7L / ;]ldgf/ h:tf ljifodf ;]jf lng' k/]df tLg
nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] ;]jfdf dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn] / ;f] eGbf dflysf]
/sdsf] xsdf d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ;f]e}m jftf{af6 vl/b ug{
;lsg]5 .
!&&= k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/bsf] cGo ljlwM -!_ b]xfosf] ca:yfdf s'g} k/fdz{bftfnfO{ of]Uotfsf]
cfwf/df lgo'Qm ug{ ;lsg]5M
-s_ s'g} sfd ug{ pRr :t/sf] laz]if1tf cfjZos k/]df,
-v_ k/fdz{ 5f]6f] ;dosf] nflu cfjZos k/]df jf k/fdz{ bftf lgo'Qm ug{]
;do Go"g ePdf,
-u_ cfjZos sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ s]xL k/fdz{bftf dfq of]Uo ePdf jf,
-3_ k/fdz{bftfsf] 5gf}6 ug{ w]/} ;do nfUg] eO{ ;do ckof{Kt ePdf .
-@_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd k/fdz{bftfsf] 5gf}6 ubf{ of]Uo k/fdz{bftfx?;+u
xfn;fn}sf] a}olSts ljj/0f tyf cfly{s k|:tfj dfu u/L o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd
d"Nofg tyf ljlgod !&$ adf]lhd jftf{ u/L ljlgod !&% adf]lhd ;Demf}tf ug'{
kg]{5 .

126

-#_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd k/dz{bftf 5gf}6 ug{ k/fdz{bftfx?;+u a}olSts

ljj/0f / cfly{s k|:tfj dfu ug'{ cl3 5gf}6 ljlwsf] lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{5 .

127

kl/R5]b !^
vl/b ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf
!&*= l;naGbL b/efpkq ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ Ps nfv krf; xhf/ b]lv bznfv
?k}+ofF;Dd nfut cg'dfg ePsf] dfn;fdfg lgdf{0f sfo{ jf cGo ;]jf l;njGbL
b/efpkq cfJxfg u/L vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ l;njGbL b/efpkq dfu ug'{ cl3 vl/b ug]{ dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf
cGo ;]jfsf] :k]l;lkms]zg, u'0f:t/, kl/df0f, cfk"lt{sf zt{x?, ;do tyf cGo
cfjZos s'/fx?sf] ljj/0f / b]xfosf s'/f ;d]t pNn]v u/L l;naGbL b/efpkqsf]
kmf/fd tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ cfk"lt{ ug'{ kg]{ dfn;fdfg, ;DkGg ug'{ kg]{ lgdf{0f sfo{ jf k|bfg ug'{
kg]{ ;]jfsf] ljj/0f,
-v_ l;naGbL b/efpkqbftfsf] of]Uotf -lgdf{0f vl/b afx]s_
-u_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt cfjZos kg]{ eP ;f] s'/f,
-3_ l;naGbL b/efpkq dfGo /xg] cjlw,
-_ l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fddf b/efpkqbftfn]] /Ltk"j{s ;xL5fk
u/]sf]] x'g' kg]{ s'/f,
-r_ l;naGbL b/efpkq d"Nofg ug]{ tl/sf,
-5_ dfn;fdfgsf] xsdf jf/G6L ;DaGwL bfloTj / lgdf{0f sfo{sf] xsdf
q'l6 ;Rofpg] cjlw ;Ddsf] bfloTj .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] b/efpkqsf] kmf/fddf ;DalGwt sfof{no
k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt eO{ k|flws/0fsf] 5fk nfu]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhd kmf/fd tof/ ePkl5 k|flws/0fn] l;naGbL
b/efpkq dfu ug{ /fli6o jf :yfgLo :t/sf] ;dfrf/ kqdf slDtdf kGw| lbgsf]
cjlw lbO{ ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 / To:tf] ;"rgfdf b]xfosf s'/f pNn]v ug'{
kg]{5M
-s_ l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fd kfO{g] :yfg / ;f] jfkt nfUg] b:t'/,
-v_ hdfgt cfjZos kg]{ eP ;f]sf] lsl;d, /sd / ;dofjlw,
-u_ l;naGbL b/efpkq k7fpg] tl/sf,
-3_ l;naGbL b/efpkq k7fpg' kg]{ sfof{no jf clwsf/Lsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-_ l;naGbL b/efpkq bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ clGtd ldlt / ;do,
-r_ l;naGbL b/efpkq vf]Ng] ldlt, ;do / :yfg,

128

-h_ lgdf{0f vl/bsf] xsdf nfut cg'dfg,

-5_ cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
-%_ l;njGbL b/efpkq k]z ug{ OR5's JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLn] kfFr
;o ?k}+ofF lt/L k|flws/0faf6 b/efpkqsf] kmf/fd vl/b u/L ;f]xL kmf/fddf b/efp
pNn]v u/L dfu ePsf sfuhftx? ;+nUg u/L l;njGbL b/efpkq k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ l;naGbL b/efpkqsf] dfGo cjlw k+}tfnL; lbgsf] x'g]5 .
-&_ l;naGbL b/efpkqsf] hdfgt dfu ubf{ :jLs[t nfut cg'dfg /sdsf]
b'O{ b]lv tLg k|ltzt /sdsf] ;Ldfleq /xL lglZrt /sd tf]sL l;naGbL b/efpkq
dfusf] ;"rgfdf hdfgt /sd pNn]v ug{' kg]{5 . o:tf] hdfgt /sd gub jf
jfl0fHo a}+saf6 krxQ/ lbgsf] dfGo cjlw /xg] u/L hf/L ePsf] a}+s hdfgt -a}+s
Uof/]G6L_ l;naGbL b/efpkq lbg] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] l;naGbL
b/efpkq;fy k]z ug{' kg]{5
-*_ Psk6s k]z ePsf] l;njGbL b/efpkq lkmtf{ jf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg] 5}g
.
-(_ pkljgod -$_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ tLgeGbf sd l;naGbL
b/efpkq k]z x'g cfPdf To:tf] l;naGbL b/efpkqnfO{ sfod /fvL ;f]xL pkljgod
adf]lhd bf];|f] k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!)_ pkljgod -(_ adf]lhd bf];|f] k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ klg cfjZos
;+Vofdf l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z x'g gcfPdf k]z x'g cfPsf b/efpkq dWo]af6
b/efpkq :jLs[t ug{ afwf kg]{ 5}g .
-!!_ l;njGbL b/efpkq k]z ug]{ clGtd ;do ;lsPsf] nut} k|flws/0fn]
l;njGbL b/efpkq cfJxfgsf] ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf ;Dej eP;Dd l;njGbL
b/efpkqbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df Dofb leq kg{ cfPsf l;njGbL
b/efpkq vf]Ng' kg]5
{ .
-!@_ d"Nofg ;ldltn] l;naGbL b/efpkqsf] kl/If0f / d"Nofg ug]{5 .
-!#_ pkljlgod -!!_ adf]lhd l;njGbL b/efpkq vf]n]sf] ldltaf6 kGw|
lbgleq pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf zt{x? k"/f u/L nfut cg'dfg leq k/]sf]
Go"gtd /sd saf]n ug]{ b/efpkqbftfsf] b/efpkq sfof{no k|d'vn] :jLs[t ug'{
kg]{5 .
-!$_ pkljlgod -!#_ adf]lhd l;njGbL b/efpkq :jLs[t ePsf]] ;ft
lbgleq k|flws/0fn] ;DalGwt b/efpkqbftfnfO{ vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{ cfpg ;"rgf lbg'
kg]{5 .
-!%_ pkljlgod -!$_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ug]{ l;njGbL
b/efpkqbftfn] ;f] ;"rgf kfPsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq cfkm"n] sjf]n u/]sf] csf]

129

kfFr k|ltztn] x'g] gub} jf g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 cg'dlt k|fKt s'g} jfl0fHo a}+sn] hf/L
u/]sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt -k/kmd]G; Uof/]G6L_ k]z u/L vl/b ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!^_ l;njGbL b/efpkqbftfn] pkljlgod -&_ adf]lhd /fv]sf] hdfgt
b]xfosf] cj:yfdf hkmt x'g]5 M
-s_ 5gf}6 ePsf] l;njGbL b/efpkqbftfn] vl/b ;Demf}tf gu/]df,
-v_ l;njGbL b/efpkq kmf/fddf plNnlvt sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt vl/b
;Demf}tf ug]{ Dofb leq lbg g;s]df,
-u_ vl/b P]gsf bkmf ^@ adf]lhdsf] cfr/0f ljk/Lt sfd u/]df .
-!&_ l;njGbL b/efpkq ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf kl/R5]b rf}w|df pNn]v eP
adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .
!&(= ;f]em} vl/b ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ kRrL; xhf/ ?k}of eGbf sd /sdsf] dfn ;fdfg,
lgdf{0f sfo{, jf cGo ;]jf ;f]em} vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5 . kRrL; xhf/ ?k}of eGbf dfly
Ps nfv krf; xhf/ ?k}of ;Ddsf] dfn ;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{, jf cGo ;]jf tyf
tLgnfv ?k}of;Ddsf] k/fdz{ ;]jf jf kfFr nfv ?k}of;Ddsf] x]lnsK6/af6 u/fO{g]
9'jfgL ;]jf clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] :jLs[ltdf Psn b/efpkq lnO{ ;f]em} vl/b ug{
;lsg] 5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ubf{ sfo{If]qut zt{ tof/
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ o; ljlgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg kGw| nfv
?k}oFf;Ddsf] g]kfndf pTkflbt dfn;fdfg pTkfbsaf6 vl/b ubf{ ;f]em} vl/b ug{
;lsg]5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -!_ / -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Ps cfly{s
aif{df Ps} k6s jf k6sk6s u/L ;f]xL pk ljlgoddf plNnlvt ;LdfeGbf a9L
/sdsf] Pp6} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfaf6 Ps k6seGbf a9L ;f]em} vl/b ug{
;lsg] 5}g .
-%_ o; ljlgodfjnLdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg k|flws/0fnfO{
cfaZos kg]{ dfn;fdfgsf] pTkfbs g]kfndf Pp6f dfq ePsf] / cGo pko'Qm
ljsNk gePdf d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tsf] l:js[tLdf ;f]xL Joxf]/f clen]v u/L
pTkfbs;Fu ;f]em} vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-^_ pkljlgod -#_ / -%_ adf]lhd pTkfbsaf6 ;f]em} vl/b ubf{ b]xfosf
zt{x? k"/f u/]sf] pTkfbsaf6 ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ To:tf] pTkfbsn] cfkm\gf] pTkfbgsf] v'b|f tyf l8n/ lalqm d"No ;"rL
/fli6o:t/sf] ;dfrf/kqdf k|sfzg u/]sf],

130

-v_ To:tf] pTkfbsn] :yfgLo l8n/nfO{ lbP ;/xsf] 5"6 k|flws/0fnfO{

lbPsf] .
-&_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd kRrL; xhf/ ?k}ofF eGbf a9L /sdsf] ;f]em}
vl/b ubf{ df}h'bf ;"rLdf /x]sf sDtLdf tLgj6f cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL, jf
;]jfk|bfosaf6 lnlvt?kdf b/efpkq jf k|:tfj dfu u/L vl/b ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ b]xfPsf] ca:yfdf pkljlgod -!_ / -#_ df plNnlvt ;Ldf eGbf
dflysf] dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{, k/fdz{ ;]jf jf cGo ;]jf b]xfo adf]lhd ;f]em}
vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5M
-s_ vl/b ;DaGwL zt{x? k"/f ug]{ k|fljlws bIftf jf Ifdtf Pp6f
dfq cfk"lt{stf{ jf lgdf{0f Joj;foL jf k/fdz{bftf jf
;]jfk|bfos;Fu ePdf ;ldltsf] l:js[ltdf,
-v_ vl/b ul/g] dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{ clwsf/ Pp6f dfq
cfk"lt{stf{;Fu ePsf] / cGo pko'Qm ljsNk gePdf sfof{no
k|d'vsf] l:js[ltdf,
-u_ df}h'bf dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf jf hl8t ;+oGqsf] kf6{k"hf{sf]
k|lt:yfkg jf lj:tf/ ug{ cfk"lt{stf{ jf ;]jf k|bfos kl/jt{g
u/]df k|flws/0fdf /x]sf] dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf jf hl8t ;+oGqsf]
k|lt:yfkg jf lj:tf/ ug{ g;lsg] cj:yf k|dfl0ft eO{
;fljssf] lgdf{tf jf cfk"lt{stf{ k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfos jf
lghsf] cflwsfl/s las|tfaf6 k|f]k|fO6/L :j?ksf] cltl/Qm
dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf vl/b ug'{ k/]df b]xfo adf]lhsf] ;ldltsf]
l;kmfl/zdf clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf]] l:js[ltdfM
-s_
;DalGwt dxfk|aGws pksfo{sf/L
;+of]hs
lgb]{zs
;b:o
-v_
Tffn's sfof{nosf] lgb]{zs
-u_
d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn] tf]s]sf] tx ;b:o
bz jf ;f] dflysf] clws[t
-3_
k|ltlglw cy{ -tx bz jf ;f] dflysf] ;b:o
clws[t_
-_
;DalGwt sfof{nosf] sfof{no k|d'v
;b:o ;lra
t/ o; v08 adf]lhdsf] k|f]kfO6/L dfn;fdfg ;f]em}
vl/b ubf{ hl8t ;+oGqsf] ;fljs d"Nosf] tL; k|ltzt
d"No;Dd vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5 .

131

-3_

k"jf{g'dfg ug{ g;lsPsf] sf/0fn] z'? ;Demf}tfdf ;dfj]z

gePsf] / z'? ;Demf}tfaf6 cnu u/L ;DkGg ug{ k|fljlws jf
cfly{s sf/0fn] sl7gfO{ x'g] eO cTofjZos lgdf{0f sfo{{,
dfn;fdfg, k/fdz{ ;]jf jf cGo ;]jf ;fljss} lgdf{0f
Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfosaf6 vl/b ug'{
k/]df ljlgod !(^ adf]lhdsf] clwsf/Lsf] l:js[ltdf,
-_ ;DalGwt sfdsf] nflu s'g} ljlZfi6 -o'lgs_ of]Uotf ePsf] vf;
k/fdz{bftfsf] ;]jf tTsfn cfaZostf ePdf jf ;fljssf]
k/fdz{bftfaf6 g} ;]jf lng' kg]{ ckl/xfo{ sf/0f ePdf
;ldltsf] l:js[ltdf, jf
-r_ 3/ ef8fdf lngsf] nflu /fli6o:t/sf] klqsfdf ;"rgf k|sfzg
u/L 3/ef8fdf lng] k|s[of cl3 a9fPsf] cj:yfdf a9Ldf tLg
dlxgfsf] nflu jftf{ u/L clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] lg0f{odf,
-5_ ljz]if kl/l:ylt cfO{ k/]df ;f] ;DaGwL ljj/0f, tTsfn vl/b
gubf{ k|flws/0fsf] lxtdf kg]{ ;+s6 tyf vl/bsf cGo ljlw
ckgfpg g;lsg] sf/0f v'nfO{ To:tf] kl/l:yltsf] ;fdgf ug{
cfjZos kl/df0f / ;dfofjlwsf nflu dfq d'Vo k|zf;sLo
clws[tsf] l:js[ltdf .
-(_ pkljlgod -*_ -5_ adf]lhd bznfv ?k}ofF eGbf a9L /sdsf] vl/b
u/]sf] ePdf To;/L vl/b ePsf] ljj/0fsf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 /
;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{nonfO{ k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-!)_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd ;f]em} vl/b ug'{ kbf{ cfgf] cfjZostf, vl/bsf]
u'0f:t/, kl/df0f, cfk"lt{sf] zt{ / ;do ;DaGwL s'/fsf] lnlvt ljj/0f tof/ ug'{
kg]{5 .
!*)= ;f]em} vl/b
b]xfosf s'/f
-s_
-v_

ug'{ cl3 olsg ug'{ kg]{ s'/fM -!_ k|flws/0fn] ;f]e}m vl/b ug'{ cl3
olsg ug'{ kg]{5M
vl/b ug'{ kg]{ dfn;fdfg e08f/df df}Hbft eP jf gePsf],
k|:tfljt lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfos;Fu
vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ cfjZos of]Uotf eP jf
gePsf],
-u_ k|:tfljt lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfosn]
k|flws/0fsf] dfu adf]lhd k]z u/]sf] k|:tfj To:tf] lgsfon] lgwf{/0f
u/]sf] :k]l;lkms]zg tyf k|fljlws u'0f:t/ adf]lhdsf] eP jf gePsf],

132

-3_

k|:tfljt lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf cGo ;]jf

k|bfosaf6 k|:tfj ul/Psf] d"No plrt eP jf gePsf], /
-_ k|f]k/fO{6/L :j?ksf] dfn;fdfg vl/b ug'{ kg]{ ePdf lgdf{tfaf6
lgwf{/0f ePsf] b/ .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhdsf] d"No plrt eP gePsf] s'/f
olsg ug{ k|flws/0fn] ahf/ cWoog, k"j{ vl/b d"No, nfut cg'dfgsf cfwf/df b/
ljZn]if0f u/L k|:tfljt lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf cGo ;]jf
k|bfos;Fu jftf{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd vl/b ;Demf}tf ubf{ kqfrf/sf] dfWodaf6 ;d]t ug{
;lsg]5 .
!*!= 3/, hUUff jf cGo ;DklQ ef8fdf lng] ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ k|flws/0fn] 3/, hUuf jf
cGo ;DklQ ef8fdf lng' kbf{ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ lng' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd ef8fdf lnbf sDtLdf kGw| lbgsf] cjlwsf]
;"rgf /fli6o :t/sf] ;dfrf/kqdf k|sfzg u/L k|:tfj dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ dfl;s 3/ ef8f bz xhf/ ?k}of;Dd kg]{df Ps txdflysf]
clwsf/Lsf] :jLs[ltdf Psn b/efpkq lnO{ jftf{f/f lng ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgfdf k|flws/0fn] b]xfosf s'/f v'nfpg'
kg]{5M
-s_ k|flws/0fsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ 3/ hUuf cfjZos ePsf] If]q jf :yfg
-u_ ef8fdf lng vf]h]sf] 3/ hUufsf] k|s[lt, If]qkmn / cGo cfjZos
ljj/0f,
-3_ 3/ hUufwgLn] k|:tfj k]z ug]{ tl/sf / To:tf] k|:tfjsf ;fy k]z
ug'{ kg]{ Go"gtd ljj/0f,
-_ k|:tfj bflvnf ug]{ :yfg / clGtd ldlt,
-5_ 3/ hUufsf] ef8f e'QmfgLsf zt{x? / s/ sLsf] ljifo /
-h_ k|flws/0fn] pko'Qm 7fg]sf cGo s'/f .
-$_ k|flws/0fn] pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq bflvnf ePsf] 3/
hUuf ef8fdf lbg] k|:tfj vf]nL d"Nofg ;ldltdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd bflvnf
ePsf k|:tfjsf] d"Nofg b]xfosf cfwf/df u/L 3/ hUufsf] ef8f lgwf{/0f u/L
l:js[ltsf nflu k|flws/0f ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5M

133

-s_ 3/ hUuf /x]sf] :yfg / af6f]sf] ;'ljwf,

-v_ 3/ hUufsf] agfj6 / If]qkmn,
-u_ ef}lts ;'ljwf,
-3_ 3/ hUufsf] kl/;/,
-_ 3/ hUufwgLn] k|:tfj u/]sf] ef8f /sd, /
-r_ 3/ef8fsf] k|rlnt b//]6 .
-^_ pkljlgod -%_ adf]lhd ePsf] l;kmfl/z / cfaZostfg';f/ jftf{ ;d]t
u/L clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] l:js[lt lnO{ ;DalGwt 3/ hUufwgL;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L
3/ hUuf ef8fdf lng' kg]{5 .
-&_ pkljlgod -^_ adf]lhdsf] ;Demf}tf 3/ hUuf wgL / k|flws/0fsf]
d~h'/Ldf gjLs/0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-*_ 3/ hUuf ef8fsf] b//]6df a[l4 ug{' k/]df ah]6sf] Joj:yf ldnfO{ Ps tx
dflysf] clwsf/Laf6 :jLs[lt lng' kg{]5 .
!*@= ;]jf s/f/df lng] ;DaGwL sfo{ljlwM -!_ k|flws/0f ;'/Iff, lr7\7Lkq cf];f/ k|;f/,
;/;kmfO{, 6]lnkmf]g, ljB't / wf/fsf] ;~rfng tyf /]vb]v, au}+rfsf] ;Def/ / /]vb]v,
6fO{lk jf sDKo'6/ 6fO{k, 8fO{le, ld6/ l/l8, tyf k|flws/0fsf] b}lgs sfo{
;~rfng ug{ cfjZos kg{] ;]jf s/f/df lng' k/]df k|flws/0fn] s'g} JolQm, kmd{,
;+:yf jf sDkgL;Fu s/f/ u/L To:tf] ;]jf s/f/df lng ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;]jf s/f/df ln+bf To:tf] ;]jfsf] cfjZostf,
lsl;d, ;dofjlw, u'0f:t/, ;]jf ;~rfng ljlw, nfUg] df]6fdf]6L vr{ / sfo{ If]qut
zt{ tof/ u/L ;ldltaf6 ;}4flGts :jLs[tL lng' kg]{5 .+
-#_ Psnfv krf; xhf/ ?k}ofFF;Dd ;]jf z'Ns nfUg] ;]jf k|flws/0fn] jftf{
u/L vl/b ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;f] /sd eGbf a9L ;]jf z'Ns nfUg] ;]jfsf] xsdf k|flws/0fn]
kGw| lbgsf] ;"rgf /fli6o :t/sf] ;dfrf/kq jf :yfgLo kqklqsfdf ;"rgf k|sfzg
u/L k|:tfj dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgfdf b]xfosf s'/f v'nfpg' kg]{5M
-s_ sfof{nosf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ ;]jfsf] k|s[lt, kl/df0f, zt{ / cGo cfjZos s'/f,
-u_ ;]jf k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ :yfg / cjlw,
-3_ k|:tfjbftfn] k|:tfj ;fy k]z ug'{ kg]{ Go"gtd sfuhft / ljj/0f,
-_ k|:tfj bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ clGtd ldlt / :yfg,

134

-r_ ;]jf z'Ns e'QmfgLsf zt{ / s/ sLsf] ljifo, tyf

-5_ cGo cfjZos s'/f .
-%_ k|flws/0fn] Dofbleq k|fKt ePsf k|:tfj ljlgod !#( adf]lhd vf]nL
k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj d"Nofg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ k|flws/0fn] pkljlgod -%_ adf]lhd k|:tfj d"Nofg ubf{ pkljlgod @_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ If]qut zt{ k"/f u/L ;j} eGbf 36L ;]jf z'Ns k|:tfj ug]{]
k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t u/L ;]jf s/f/ ;Demf}tf ug{' kg]{5 .
-&_ pkljlgod -^_ adf]lhd :jLs[t k|:tfjsf] k|:tfjbftf ;]jf s/f/ ug{
gcfPdf To;kl5sf] ;j} eGbf 36L ;]jf z'Ns k|:tfj ug]{ k|:tfjbftf;Fu ;]jf s/f/
ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-*_ ;]jf k|bfosn] k|bfg u/]sf] ;]jfsf] cg'udg k|flws/0fn]] ;do ;dodf
ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L cg'udg ubf{ ;]jf ;Gtf]ifhgs ePsf] gkfOPdf jf s/f/
adf]lhdsf] gePdf ;f] lgsfon] ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ ;]jfsf] :t/ j[l4 ug{ ;"rgf lbg'
kg]{5 / To;/L ;"rgf lb+bf klg ;]jfsf] :t/ j[l4 gePdf ;]jf s/f/ /2 u/L csf]{ ;]jf
s/f/sf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
!*#= dfn;fdfg dd{t ;Def/ ug]{ u/fpg] sfo{ljlwM -!_ k|flws/0fdf /x]sf] s'g} dfn;fdfg
dd{t ;Def/ ug'{ kg]{ eP ;f]sf] lnlvt hfgsf/L To:tf] dfn;fdfgsf] pkof]ustf{n]
;DalGwt clwsf/LnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . To;/L hfgsf/L k|fKt ePkl5 lghn] To:tf]
dfn;fdfgsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/fO{ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Laf6 :jLs[t u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ k|flws/0fdf ;f]
;DaGwL k|fljlws sd{rf/L gePdf To:tf] dfn;fdfg d/dt ug]{ JolQm jf ;+:yfaf6
nfut cg'dfg u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t ePkl5 k|flws/0fsf]
cfkm\g} js{zk jf dd{t s]Gb| eP To:tf] js{zk jf dd{t s]Gb|af6 u/fpg' kg]{5 .
To;/L dd{t u/fpFbf s'g} dfn;fdfg, pks/0f jf kf6k"hf{ k]m/abn ug'{ kg]{ ePdf
To:tf] dfn;fdfg, pks/0f jf kf6k"hf{ df}Hbftaf6 lnO{ / df}Hbftdf geP o;
ljlgodfjnLsf] k|lqmof cjnDjg u/L vl/b ug{' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhd pks/0f jf kf6{k"hf{ vl/b u/]sf]df k|flws/0fn]
To:tf] dfn;fdfg jf pks/0f lhG;L bflvnf u/fO{ k|lt PsfO{ d"No kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofFF
eGbf a9L kg]{ pks/0f jf kf6k"hf{sf] clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 / To:tf kf6k"hf{ k'/fgf

135

pks/0f jf kf6{k"hf{sf] nflu k|lt:yfkg ul/Psf] s'/f ;DalGwt k|fljlwsaf6 k|dfl0ft

u/fO{ k'/fgf ;fdfg lhG;L bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ cfkm\gf] js{zk jf dd{t s]Gb| gePdf o; lgodfjnLsf] k|s[of cjnDjg
u/L dfn;fdfg dd{t ;Def/ u/fpg' kg]5
{ .
-%_ o; ljlgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg cfkm\g} js{zk jf
dd{t s]Gb| ePsf] lgsfon] dd{t sfo{ clen]v kmf/fddf -ha sf8{_ /]s8{ /fvL
dd{t kZrft\ nfut :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!*$= cdfgtaf6 lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpg]M -!_ ;fdfGo k|s[ltsf] d/dt ;Def/, ;fgfltgf
lgoldt sfo{ jf ;/;kmfO{ h:tf sfo{ cdfgtaf6 ug{ ;lsg]5 . t/ ?= tLg xhf/
eGbf j9L /sdsf sfo{ cdfgtaf6 ug{ Ps tx dflysf] clwsf/Lsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng'
kg]{5 .
-@_ k|flws/0fn] cdfgtaf6 sfd ug'{ kbf{ ;f] sfdsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{
k|fljlws ;]jf / lgdf{0f ;fdu|L o; ljlgodfjnLsf] k|s[of adf]lhd vl/b u/L
Hofnfdf sfd u/fpg' kg]{5 .
!*%= pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfoaf6 sfd u/fpg] sfo{ljlwM -!_ o;
ljlgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg ;f7L nfv ?k}ofFF;Dd nfut
cg'dfg ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ jf ;f] ;DaGwL ;]jf pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL
;d'bfojf6 u/fpg jf k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .
:kli6s/0fM ;f7L nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] nfut cg'dfgdf d"No clej[l4 s/,
cf]e/x]8 slG6h]lG; /sd / hg;xeflutfsf] c+z ;d]tsf] /sd ;dfj]z x'g]5
.
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;DalGwt sfd jf ;]jfsf] k|s[lt,
kl/df0f, nfUg] /sd, pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfon] Joxf]{g] jf Joxf]g'{ kg]{
/sd / cGo cfjZos s'/fx? v'nfO{ k|flws/0fn] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L
k|:tfj dfu ug{ jf To:tf] ;ldlt jf ;d'bfo cfkm}n] k|:tfj jf lgj]bg k]z ug{
;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj jf lgj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 k|flws/0f /
To:tf] pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfon] cfjZostfg';f/ 5nkmn, jftf{ jf
lgdf{0f :ynsf] e|d0f u/L To:tf] sfd jf ;]jfsf ;DaGwdf vl/b ;Demf}tf ug'{' kg]{5 .
To:tf] ;Demf}tfdf b]xfosf] s'/fx? pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5M

136

-s_ lgdf{0f sfo{ jf ;]jfsf] k|s[lt, kl/df0f, nfut cg'dfg, pkef]Qmf

;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfon] Joxf]{g] jf Joxf]g'{ kg]{ /sd, sfo{ jf ;]jf
;DkGg ug'{ kg]{ cjlw,
-v_ k|flws/0fn] ;DalGwt sfo{sf] l8hfOg, nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{,
:jLs[t ug]{, k|fljlws ;Nnfx lbg], gf+k hfFr ug]{, hfFrkf; ug]{ / cGo
cfjZos k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg], ;'k/Lj]If0f, u'0f:t/
lgoGq0f ug]{,
-u_ lgdf{0f sfo{ jf ;]jf k|flws/0f / pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL
;d'bfosf] ;xeflutfdf ;DkGg jf pknAw x'g],
-3_ ;DkGg lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ;~rfng jf dd{t ;Def/ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf
nfeu|fxL ;d'bfon] ug'{ kg]{,
-_ k|flws/0fn] pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfonfO{ pknAw u/fO{g]
k]ZsL /sd,
-r_ ;DkGg lgdf{0f sfo{ jf ;]jfsf] e'QmfgLsf] zt{ / tl/sf, /
-5_ cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
-$_ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfonfO{ lgdf{0f sfo{ jf ;]jfsf] sfd
lb+bf pkljlgod -#_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] nfut cg'dfgdf /x]sf] d"No clej[l4
s/, cf]e/x]8 slG6Gh]G;L /sd / hg;xeflutfsf] c+z sf u/]/ dfq e'QmfgL lbg'
kg]{5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhd vl/b ;Demf}tf ePkl5 k|flws/0fn] To:tf] ;ldlt
jf ;d'bfonfO{ ;Demf}tf /sdsf] a9Ldf Ps ltxfO{ /sd;Ddsf] clu|d ?kdf k]ZsL
lbg ;Sg]5 . k|flws/0fn] To;/L lbPsf] k]ZsLsf] clGtd ls:tf e'QmfgL ug'{' cl3
km5\of}6 u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfon] x/]s ls:tfsf] sfdsf] k|fljlws
d"Nofg, lan, ekf{O{ / vr{{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ cGo sfuhft To:tf] ;ldlt jf ;d'bfosf]
a}7saf6 cg'df]bg u/fO{ ;DalGwt sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d"bfon] cfkm"n] k|To]s ls:tfdf u/]sf]
vr{sf] ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf 6fF; ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ k|flws/0fn] pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfonfO{ ;DalGwt sfdsf]
nflu k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg g;Sg] ePdf ;f] sfdsf] nflu cfjZos
k|fljlws hgzlQm ;f] ;ldlt jf ;d'bfo cfkm}n] s/f/df lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;/L
lgo'Qm ul/Psf] k|fljlwsnfO{ lbg' kg]{ kfl/>lds k|flws/0fn] s6\6f u/]sf]
slG6Gh]G;Laf6 e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{5 . t/ To:tf] kfl/>lds nfut cg'dfgsf] tLg
k|ltzt eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .

137

-(_ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfoaf6 ;~rflnt x'g] lgdf{0f sfo{df

nf]8/, PS;fe]6/, /f]n/, 8f]h/, u|]8/ lj6'ldg l8:6LJo'6/, lj6'ldg AjfOn/ h:tf x]eL
d]zLgx? k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-!)_ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d"bfon] kfPsf] sfd cfk}mn] ;DkGg ug'{
kg]{5 / s'g} lgdf{0f Joj;foL jf ;a sG6|\fS6/af6 u/fpg ;lsg] 5}g . s'g} sf/0fjz
;f] ;ldlt jf ;d'bfo cfk}mn] ;dodf ;f] sfd ;DkGg ug{ g;Sg] ePdf ;f] s'/fsf]
;"rgf k|flws/0fnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . To;/L ;"rgf k|fKt eP kl5 k|flws/0fn] ;f] ;DaGwdf
cfjZos hfFr u/L ;f] ;ldlt jf ;d'bfo;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tf tf]8L afFsL sfd P]g /
o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-!!_ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfon] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg u/L ;s]kl5
k|flws/0fn] v6fPsf] k|fljlws sd{rf/Laf6 To:tf] sfdsf] hfFrkf; u/fO{ To:tf]
lgsfoaf6 k|fKt /sd / hg;xeflutfaf6 Joxf]l/Psf] >d, gub jf lhG;L ;d]t s'n
vr{sf] ljj/0f ;f] lgsfodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . k|flws/0fn]] To;/L k|fKt ePsf] ljj/0fsf]
clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 .
-!@_ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfon] cfkm"n] k|fKt u/]sf] s'g} /sd
b'?kof]u u/]sf] kfOPdf ;DalGwt sfof{non] 5fglag u/L To:tf] /sd pkef]Qmf
;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?af6 bfdf;fxLn] ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n pk/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
To:tf] /sd c;'n pk/ ug]{ sfo{df To:tf] lgsfonfO{ ;xof]u k'ofpg' ;DalGwt
k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-!#_ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfoaf6 sfd u/fpFbf ;fj{hlgs vl/b
cg'udg sfof{non] s'g} sfo{ljlw lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ePdf To:tf] sfo{ljlwsf] cjnDag
ug'{ kg]{5 .

138

kl/R5]b !&
k'g/fjnf]sg ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!*^= lgj]bg lbg ;lsg]M -!_ k|flws/0fn]] vl/b sf/afO{ jf lg0f{o ubf{ s'g} q'6L u/]sf] jf kfngf
ug'{ kg]{ st{Jo kfngf gu/]sf]n] cfkm"nfO{ Iflt k'Ug] jf k'Ug ;Sg] sf/0f v'nfO{ s'g}
af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfn] To:tf] q'6L jf lg0f{osf] k'g/fjnf]sgsf nflu ;DalGwt
sfof{no k|d'v dfkm{t d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t ;dIf b]xfPsf s'/f v'nfO{ lga]bg lbg
;Sg]5 M
-s_ lgj]bssf] gfd, 7]ufgf, 6]lnkmf]g, km\ofS; gDj/ / O{d]n 7]ufgf,
-v_ ;l7t ;+:yf eP To;/L lgj]bg lbg ;f] ;+:yfn] k|bfg u/]sf] clwsf/ kq,
-u_ af]nkq ;+Vof,
-3_ lgj]bg lbg' kg]{ tYout / sfg"gL cfwf/,
-_ ;Da4 sfuhftsf] k|ltlnlk .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd lbg] k'g/fjnf]sgsf] lgj]bg vl/b ;Demf}tf x'g' eGbf
cl3sf] sf/afO{sf ;DaGwdf ;Lldt x'g]5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd lga]bg lb+bf ljlgod !%^ sf] pkljlgod -@_
adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf kfPsf] kf+r lbg leq / To;/L cjlw gtf]lsPsf]df k|flws/0fn] vl/b
sf/afO{ ;DaGwL q'6L u/]sf] jf st{Jo kfngf gu/]sf] s'/f af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfn]
yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] ;ft lbg leq lga]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] lga]bgdf k|flws/0fn] s'g sfd u/]sf] jf gu/]sf]
sf/0fn] To:tf] q'6L x'g uPsf]] xf] jf st{Jo kfngf gePsf] xf] / To:tf] lg0f{o vl/b P]g
jf o; ljlgod jf lgb]{lzsfsf] s'g k|fawfg ljkl/t 5 eGg] s'/f :ki6?kdf v'nfpg'
kg]{5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw gf3L k|fKt ePsf] k'g/fjnf]sgsf] lga]bg
pk/ s'g} sf/afO{ x'g] 5}g .
-^_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf]] lga]bgsf ;DaGwdf 5fglag ubf{ vl/b
sf/afO{df s'g} q'6L b]lvP, kfngf ug'{ kg]{ st{Jo kfngf u/]sf] gb]lvP jf To:Tff] lg0f{o
sfg"g ljkl/t b]lvPdf d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn] vl/b sf/afxL lgnDag u/L ;f] lgj]bg
k|fKt ePsf] kf+r lbg leq sf/0f v'nfO{ lnlvt lg0f{o ug{' kg]{5 .
-&_ pkljlgod -^_ adf]lhdsf] lg0f{odf ;f] vl/b sf/afxL s;/L cufl8 a9fpg]
eGg] s'/f ;d]t pNn]v ePsf] x'g' kg{]5 .
-*_ s'g} af]nkqbftf k/fdz{bftf, cfk"lt{stf{ jf ;]jf k|bfosn] k|flws/0faf6
ePsf] b'O{ s/f]8 ?k}ofF eGbf a9L /sdsf] vl/b ;DaGwdf vl/b P]gsf] bkmf $* cg';f/

139

Joj:yf ePsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt ;dIf lga]bg lbPsf] ePdf To:tf] ;ldltn] dfu
u/]sf] sfuhft pknAw u/fO{ ;f] ;ldltsf] lgb]{zg kfngf ug'{ kg{]5 .

140

kl/R5]b !*
vl/b ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!*&= vl/b ;Demf}tf / ;f]sf zt{x?M -!_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd km'6s/ vl/b afx]s cGo vl/b
ubf{ o; ljlgod adf]lhd vl/b ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] vl/b ;Demf}tfdf af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft,
k|:tfa ;DaGwL sfuhft jf l;naGbL b/efp kq ;DaGwL kmf/fddf plNnlvt zt{x?
;dfj]; ug'{ kg]{5 / To:tf zt{x? ;Demf}tfsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g
;Sg]5g\M
-s_ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf kIfx?sf] gfd / 7]ufgf, kmf]g, km\ofS; gDa/ / ;Demf}tf
sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;Dks{ /fVg] JolQm,
-v_ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] sfo{ If]q,
-u_ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf /x]sf lnvtx?sf] ljj/0f / k|fyldstfsf] qmd,
-3_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg tflnsf,
-_ cfk"lt{ ;do, sfo{;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{ ;do jf Dofb yk ug{ ;lsg] jf
g;lsg] Joj:yf,
-r_ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] /sd jf ;f] lgwf{/0f ug]{ tl/sf,
-5_ dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf ;]jf :jLsf/ x'g] zt{x?,
-h_ k]ZsL e'QmfgL, lab]zL d'b|fsf] e'QmfgL nufot e'QmfgLsf zt{ / tl/sf,
-em_ sfa' aflx/sf] kl/l:ytL -kmf]z{ d]h/_,
-`_ d"No ;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsg] eP ;f]sf] Joj:yf,
-6_ vl/b ;Demf}tf ;zf]wg / e]l/P;g cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;lsg] eP ;f]sf]
Joj:yf,
-7_ jLdf cfaZos ePdf ;f] ;DaGwL Joj:yf,
-8_ cfjZos kg]{ hdfgt,
-9_ lgwf{l/t cjlwdf sfo{ ;Dkfbg x'g g;s] jfktsf] k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ lnlSj8]6]8 8\ofd]h]h_,
-0f_ lgwf{l/t cjlw eGbf cufl8 g} sfo{ ;Dkfbg ePdf lbg] af]g; ;DaGwL
Joj:yf,
-t_ vl/b ;Demf}tf /2 ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf,
-y_ ;a sG6ofS6 ug{ ;lsg] jf g;lsg] Joj:yf,
-b_ ljjfb ;dfwfgsf] ;+oGq /
141

-w_

nfu" x'g] sfg"g .

!**= vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt k]z ug'{ kg]{M -!_ :jLs[t af]nkqsf]
af]nkqbftfn] k|flws/0f;+u ;Demf}tf ug{ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd
ljlgod !%&= sf] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb leq s'g} jfl0fHo a}+saf6 hf/L ePsf]
sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgt k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgtsf] /sd vl/b ;Demf}tf
/sdsf]] kfFr k|ltzt x'g' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd vl/b ;Demf}tfdf /sd gv'Ng] ;Demf}tfsf] xsdf
af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf tf]lsPsf] sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgt k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf]
sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgtsf] dfGo cjlw To:tf] ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ jf
x:tfGt/0f ug{' kg]{] tyf ;]jf k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ clGtd cjlw jf k|Tofe"lt -jf/]G6L_ sf] cjlw
jf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] q'l6 ;Rrfpg] bfloTj -l8km]S6 nfolalnl6h_ sf] cjlw eGbf sDtLdf
Ps dlxgf a9L cjlwsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-%_ ljb]zL j}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 cg'dlt
k|fKt s'g} jfl0fHoa}+sn] k|lt k|Tofe"lt -sfp06/ Uof/]G6L_ u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-^_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt hkmt u/L k|flws/0fsf] sf]ifdf hDdf
ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ g;sL vl/b ;Demf}tf
tf]l8Psf] cj:yfdf,
-v_ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] q'6L ;Rofpg] cjlw leq vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhd q'6L
g;RofPdf jf dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{sf] jf/]06L cjlw leq vl/b ;Demf}tf
adf]lhd bfoLTj k"/f gu/]df .
!*(= ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ k|flws/0fn] vl/b ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ubf{
cfjZostfg';f/ b]xfosf sfd ug{' kg]{5M
-s_ vl/b ;Demf}tf ePkl5 ;DalGwt cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf, ;]jf k|bfos jf
lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu cfjZos eP a}7s -kf]i6 la8 sGk|m]G;_ ug]{,
-v_ ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL sfo{ of]hgf / sfo{tflnsf tof/ ug{],
-u_ ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ adf]lhd ;doleq} k|lttkq vf]Ng] Joj:yf ug]{,
-3_ cfjZos ePdf ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog 6f]nL u7g ug]{,

142

-_

;Demf}tf k|zf;g sfo{ of]hgf cg';f/ vl/b ;Demf}tf sfo{fGjogsf] k|ult

cg'udg ug]{, u'0f:t/ kIfsf] lg/LIf0f / k/LIf0f ug]{,
-r_ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ lgdf{0f sfo{:yn ;'Dkg] / ;f] :yn;Dd kxF'rsf]
Joj:yf ldnfpg], vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] x]/km]/, e]l/Pzg cfb]z, d"No
;dfof]hg, vl/b ;Demf}tf lgnDjg jf cGt, sfo{ ;DkGg k|df0fLs/0f,
e'QmfgL cflbsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{,
-5_ k|flws/0f / cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf, ;]jf k|bfos jf lgdf{0f Joj;foL jLr
s'g} ljjfb pTkGg eP To:tf] ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt ljjfb ;dfwfgsf]
pkfo ckgfpg], ;Demf}tf pNn+3g ePsf] cj:yfdf ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt
pkrf/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf cg';f/ sf/afxL cl3 a9fpg],
-h_ ah]6 / nfut n]vf -s:6 PsfpG6L_ sf] kIf nufot ;Demf}tf
sfof{Gjogsf] ljQLo kIfsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{,
-em_ ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog;Fu ;DalGwt sfuhft l;nl;nfa / Jojl:yt 9+un]
/fVg],
-`_ ;Dkfbg ePsf] sfd :jLs[t ug]{, /
-6_ sfof{non] rf}dfl;s ?kdf n]vf lbUbz{gn] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf lgoldt
k"FhLut lgdf{0f sfo{sf] k|ult k|ltj]bg ;DjlGwt lgsfonfO{ pknJw
u/fpg],
-7_ ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] cfjlws k|ltj]bg Ps tx dflysf] clwsf/L ;dIf
k]z ug]{ .
-@_ o; ljlgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg vl/b ;Demf}tf
sfof{Gjogsf] ;'k/Lj]If0f ;ldlt, k|flws/0fsf] k|wfg sfof{no jf cGo lgsfon]
cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf, ;]jf k|bfos jf lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] vl/b ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt
clwsf/df k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ u/L] gSzf, :k]l;lkms]zg / vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ cg';f/
vl/b ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog eP gePsf] ;'k/Lj]If0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!()= vl/b ;Demf}tfdf ;+zf]wgM sfdsf] cfwf/e"t k|s[tL jf If]q kl/jt{g gx'g] u/L b'j} kIfsf]
lnlvt ;xdltaf6 vl/b ;Demf}tfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s vl/b ;Demf}tfdf
;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
t/ ljlgod !(^ adf]lhd e]l/ozg cfb]z hf/L ubf{ jf ljlgod !(& adf]lhd d"No
;dfof]hg -k|fO; P8h:6d]G6_ ubf{ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf ;+zf]wg ug'{ kg]{ 5}g .
!(!= jLdf u/]sf] k|df0f k]z ug'{ kg]M{ -!_ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]]df afx]s bz
nfv ?k}ofFF eGbf a9L d"Nosf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] b]xfosf] s'/fsf] jLdf
u/L k|df0f k]z ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{5M
143

-s_

lgdf{0f ;fdu|L, k|of]u ul/g] d]lzg, cf}hf/ jf Knf06 nufot lgdf{0f

sfo{sf]] k"0f{ k|lt:yfkg vr{,
:ki6Ls/0fM o; v08sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu vr{ eGgfn] gfkmf ;d]tnfO{
hgfpF5 .
-v_ k]zfut z'Ns, lgdf{0f sfo{sf] s'g} efu eTsfpg, x6fpg tyf s'+8f ss{6
jf v]/ uPsf] ;fdu|L x6fpgsf] nflu nfUg] vr{ nufot xfgL jf gf]S;fgL
eP jfkt x'g] vr{ jf ;f] ;DaGwL cfg'iffls vr{ ;d]6gsf nflu v08 s_ adf]lhdsf] k|lt:yfkg vr{sf] kGw| k|ltzt /sd jf vl/b ;Demf}tfdf
plNnlvt eP adf]lhdsf] cltl/Qm /sd,
-u_ lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] lgdf{0f:yndf NofPsf] cfkm\gf] pks/0f / cGo j:t'sf]
lgdf{0f :yndf k|lt:yfkg ug{ nfUg] kof{Kt /sd,
-3_ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ lgdf{0f:yn ;'lDkPsf] ldltb]lv x:tfGt/0f k|df0fkq
hf/L ul/g] ldlt;Dd lgdf{0f sfo{sf] s'g} v08 jf c+zdf pkljlgod -@_
df pNn]v ePsf] sf/0f afx]s cGo h'g;'s} sf/0faf6 x'g] ;a} xfgL
gf]S;fgL,
-_ lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] b]xfosf bfloTjx? M
-!_ lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] q'l6 ;Rofpg] bfloTjsf] cjlwdf cfkm\gf] bfloTj
kfng ug]{ qmddf ePsf] xfgL gf]S;fgL, /
-@_ q'l6 ;Rofpg]] bfloTjsf] cjlw k|f/De x'g' cl3 pTkGg ePsf] s'g}
sf/0faf6 q'l6 ;Rofpg] bfloTjsf] cjlwdf ePsf] xfgL gf]S;fgL .
-@_ o; ljlgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePklg lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] pk
ljlgod -!_ sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhdsf] jLdfaf6 b]xfosf sf/0faf6 ePsf] xfgL gf]S;fgL jf
Ifltsf] nflu bfloTj jxg ug'{ kg]{ 5}g M
-s_ o'4, zq'tf jf cfqmd0f,
-v_ ljbf]x, qmflGt, laKnj jf ;}lgs zf;g jf u[x o'4,
-u_ ljls/0fsf] km}nfj6, cf0fljs OGwgsf] ljls/0f jf cf0fljs OGwgsf]
Hjngaf6 pTkGg cf0fljs kmf]x/ jf ljls/0f o'Qm ljiffbL ljikmf]6 jf
cGo xflgsf/s tTjx?sf] ljikmf]6 jf cf0fljs ;+of]hg jf ;f] sf]
cf0fljs c+zsf] k|b'if0f, /
-3_ Wjlgs jf ltj| Wjlgs ultdf p8\g] xjfO{ hxfh jf xjfO{ oGq4f/f >[lht
jfo'sf] rfk .
-#_ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s lgdf{0f sfo{ ubf{ jf
To;df /x]sf] s'g} q'l6 ;'wf/ ubf{ ePsf] jf To:tf sfo{sf] kl/0ffd :j?k ePsf] b]xfosf]

144

xfgL gf]S;fgL jfktsf] Ifltk"lt{sf] bfjL / To:tf] bfjL ;DaGwL sf/afxL ubf{ nfu]sf] vr{
tyf b:t'/ lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] Joxf]g'{ kg]{5M
-s_ s'g} JolQmnfO{ rf]6k6s nfu]df jf lghsf] d[To' ePdf, jf
-v_ lgdf{0f sfo{df afx]s sfo{ ;~rfng / ;DkGgsf] l;nl;nfdf s'g}
;DklQdf ePsf] xfgL gf]S;fgL,
-$_ dfn;fdfg vl/bdf l;=cfO{=kL= -Sofl/h P08 OG;f]/]G; k]8 6''_ d"Nosf]
sDtLdf Ps ;o bz k|ltzt /sd a/fa/sf] uf]bfdb]lv uf]bfd;Dd o'4, x8tfn /
cfuhgL ;d]tsf] ;a} hf]vLd Aoxf]g]{ u/L jLdf u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ sfof{no k|d'vsf] lnlvt :jLs[lt lagf jLdfsf zt{df s'g} kl/jt{g ug{
;lsg] 5}g .
!(@ k]ZsL e'QmfgL / km5of}{6 ug]{ Joj:yfM -!_ cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL jf
;]jfk|bfosnfO{ of]] ljlgod / af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft tyf vl/b ;Demf}tfdf Joj:yf
eP adf]lhd k]ZsL lbg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k]ZsL lb+bf k|flws/0fn] vl/b ;Demf}tf /sdsf]
aL; k|ltzt eGbf j9L x'g] u/L lbg' x'Fb}g .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k]ZsL lb+bf cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL jf
;]jfk|bfosaf6 To:tf] k]ZsL /sd vfDg] u/L / lghn] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd sfd gu/]df ;f]
lgsfon] cg'/f]w u/]kl5 tTsfn To:tf] lgsfonfO{ e'QmfgL ug]{] u/L g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6
cg'dlt k|fKt s'g} jfl0fHo a}+saf6 hf/L ePsf] a}+s hdfgt lnO{ k]ZsL lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] a}+s hdfgtsf] dfGo cjlw vl/b ;Demf}tfdf
pNn]v ePsf] k]ZsL km5of}6 ug'{ kg{] cjlw eGbf sDtLdf Ps dlxgf eGbf a9L cjlwsf]
x'g' kg]{5 .
-%_ k|flws/0fn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd lbPsf] k]ZsL vl/b ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v
eP adf]lhd Kf|To]s /lg lan jf cGo lan aLhsaf6 sf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL jf ;]jfk|bfosn] vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfd
To:tf] ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt ;dofjlw leq ;Dkfbg gu/]sf] sf/0fn] o; ljlgod
adf]lhdsf] k]ZsL km5\of}6 x'g g;s]df k|flws/0fn] pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] a}+s
hdfgtsf] /sd ;DalGwt a}+saf6 k|fKt u/L k]ZsL km5of}6 ug'{ kg]{5 / lghaf6 To:tf]
k]ZsL /sdsf] ;os8f bz k|ltzt Aofh ;d]t c;"n pk/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ k|flws/0fn] k|lttkqf/f dfn;fdfg lsfpFbf cfgf] k|flws/0fdf dfn;fdfg
k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq k|lttkq vf]n]sf] k]ZsL /sd km5\of}{6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ dfn;fdfg pknAw u/fpg] ;DalGwt cfk"lt{stf{af6 dfn;fdfg pknAw x'g
g;s]sf]df jf dfn;fdfg pknAw u/fpg lgwf{l/t ;doleq dfn;fdfg k|fKt x'g
145

g;s]df ;fwf/0ftof k|lttkq /2 ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f] jfkt a}+sdf hDdf ePsf] /sd lkmtf{
lnO{ k|lttkq vf]n]sf] k]ZsL /sd km5\of}{6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
!(#= dfn;fdfgsf] lg/LIf0f / :jLs[ltM -!_ k|flws/0fn] cfk"lt{ ul/Psf dfn;fdfg ;Demf}tfdf
plNnlvt k|fljlws :k]l;lkms]zg / u'0f:t/ adf]lhdsf eP gePsf]] lg/LIf0f jf k/LIf0f
ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd lg/LIf0f jf k/LIf0f ubf{ u/fpFbf dfn;fdfg lg/LIf0f
jf k/LIf0f ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g eP ;f]xL] sfg"g adf]lhd / gePdf vl/b ;Demf}tfdf
plNnlvt sfo{ljlw adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] sfo{ljlw klg geP k|flws/0fn] pko'Qm
;Dem]sf] sfo{ljlw adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu k|flws/0fn] To:tf] lg/LIf0f jf k/LIf0f
ubf{ dfn;fdfgsf] k|s[lt x]/L Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L lgsfo jf clwsf/L tf]Sg jf
;DalGwt dfn;fdfg ;DaGwL a9Ldf tLg hgf lj1 /x]sf] Ps ;ldlt u7g ug{ jf
k|flws/0fsf] s'g} clwsf/Laf6 cfjZos lg/LIf0f jf k/LIf0f u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] lgsfo, clwsf/L jf ;ldltn] cfk"lt{ ul/Psf
dfn;fdfg lgl/If0f jf k/LIf0f ubf{ To:tf] k|flws/0fn] To:tf]] dfn;fdfgsf] gd"gf /
ljlzi6tf l;naGbL u/L /fv]sf] eP To:tf]] gd"gf / ljlzi6tf adf]lhd hfFr ug'{ kg]{5 .
To;/L hfFr ubf{ To:tf] gd"gf / ljlzi6tf cg'?k ePsf] dfn;fdfg :jLs[t u/L gePsf
dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{stf{nfO{ g} lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhd lg/LIf0f jf k/LIf0f ubf{ cfjZostfg';f/ ;a}
dfn;fdfg jf ;f]sf] gd"gf 5gf}6 u/L lg/LIf0f jf k/LIf0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-^_ lg/LIf0f jf k/LIf0f ug]{ lgsfo, clwsf/L jf ;ldltn] pkljlgod -$_ / -%_
adf]lhd lg/LIf0f jf k/LIf0f u/L ;s]kl5 :jLs[t / c:jLs[t dfn;fdfgsf] ljj/0f
pNn]v u/L lg/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] k|ltj]bgdf hfFr ePsf]
dfn;fdfgsf] gfd, k|ltzt, :k]l;lkms]zg, lg/LIf0f jf k/LIf0fsf] kl/0ffd pNn]v ug'{
kg]{5 / To:tf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ k|flws/0fn] vl/b sf/afxLsf] clen]vsf] ?kdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
-&_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd dfn;fdfg lg/LIf0f jf k/LIf0f ubf{ lg/LIf0f jf k/LIf0f
ug]{ lgsfo, clwsf/L jf ;ldlt / cfk"lt{stf{ aLr s'g} ljjfb pTkGg ePdf To:tf] ljjfb
vl/b ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ePsf] ljjfb ;dfwfgsf] k|s[of adf]lhd ;dfwfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
!($= c:jLs[t dfn;fdfgsf] lnnfd las|L tyf /sd c;"nL ug]{M -!_ ljlgod !(# sf] pk
ljlgod -$_ adf]lhd c:jLs[t dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{stf{n] tTsfn lkmtf{ gnu] vl/b
;Demf}tfdf tf]lsPsf] ;dfofjlw leq To:tf] dfn;fdfg p7fO{ lkmtf{ n}hfg / ;f]sf] ;f
:k]l;lkms]zg adf]lhdsf] ;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug{ k|flws/0fn] cfk"lt{stf{nfO{ lnlvt hfgsf/L
lbg' kg]{5 .
146

-@_ k|flws/0fn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L x'nfs jf s'l/o/ ;le{;

dfkm{t k7fpg] eP lkmtL{ /l;b ;lxtsf] kq k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgfsf] cjlwleq cfk"lt{stf{n] dfn;fdfg
a'lemlng c:jLsf/ u/]df jf vl/b ;Demf}tfdf tf]lsPsf] ;dfofjlw leq p7fO{ gnu]df
k|flws/0fn] To:tf] dfn;fdfg o; ljlgodjnL adf]lhd lnnfd las|L u/L ;f] dfn;fdfg
e08f/0f ug{ nfu]sf] vr{ / To; ;DaGwL cGo vr{x?, afFsL /x]sf] k]ZsL /sd, k"j{
lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ / lghn] k|flws/0fnfO{ ltg'{ kg]{ cGo s'g} /sd afFsL eP ;f] /sd
;d]t lnnfd las|L d"Noaf6 s6\6f u/L af+sL /x]sf] /sd cfk"lt{stf{nfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] lnnfd las|Laf6 k|fKt ePsf] /sdaf6 ;d]t
c;"n x'g g;s]sf] /sd cfk"lt{stf{af6 k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;"n
pk/ ul/g]5 .
!(%= sfo{ :jLsf/ k|ltj]bgM -!_ k|flws/0fn] ;DkGg ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{, cfk"lt{ ul/Psf]
dfn;fdfg jf k|bfg ul/Psf] ;]jf :jLsf/ ubf{ ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgdf b]xfosf s'/f pNn]v x'g' kg]{5 M
-s_ vl/b ;Demf}tf ;+Vof,
-v_ ;DkGg ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{, k|fKt ePsf]] dfn;fdfg jf ;]jfsf] ljj/0f,
-u_ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] jf dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf k|fKt ePsf] ldlt,
-3_ ;DkGg lgdf{0f sfo{, k|fKt dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf :jLs[t ePsf] ldlt .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bg tof/ ePkl5 k|flws/0fn] cfjZos
k|ls|of k"/f u/L e'QmfgLsf] nflu n]vf zfvfdf clanDj n]vL k7fpg'' kg]{5 .
!(^= e]l/Pzg cfb]zM -!_ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s vl/b ;Demf}tf
ubf{sf avt k"jf{g'dfg ug{ g;lsPsf] s/0fn] ;f] ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] s|ddf >[hgf
ePdf ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f v'nfO{ vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfo{sf] kl/df0fdf yk, 36
ug{ jf gofF cfO6d yKg jf ;f ug{ cfjZos b]lvPdf b]xfosf] clwsf/Ln] To:tf] yk36
tyf gofF cfO6dsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L b]xfo adf]lhd e]l/Pzg cfb]z hf/L ug{
;Sg]5 M
-s_ lgdf{0f sfo{, dfn;fdfg vl/b / cGo ;]jf vl/b tyf k/fdz{ ;]jf
vl/bsf] ;Demf}tf d"Nosf] kGw| k|ltzt;Ddsf] e]l/Pzg cfb]z k|fljlws
k'i6\ofO u/L clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln]],
-v_ ;Demf}tf d"Nosf] kGw| k|ltzt eGbf a9Lsf] e]l/Pzg cfb]z hf/L ug'{ kg]{
ePdf ;ldltn] .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5M
147

-s_ ;DalGwt sfdsf] cfwf/e"t k|s[lt jf If]q kl/at{g gx'g] u/L ug'{ kg]{,
-v_ ah]6sf] Joj:yf ePsf] x'g' kg]{ /
-u_ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] :jLs[lt lnPsf] x'g' kg]{ .
-#_ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt b//]6eGbf a9L b//]6 x'g] u/L e]l/Pzg cfb]z
hf/L ug'{ xF'b}g . a9L b//]6 x'g] u/L e]l/Pzg cfb]z hf/L ug'{ kg]{ ePdf cfO{6dsf] b/
;d]t ljZn]if0f u/L Ps tx dflysf] clwsf/Laf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] lgdf0f{ sfo{df gof+ cfO{6d yk ug'{ kg]{ ePdf
k|flws/0fn] To:tf] gof+ cfO{6dsf] b/ ;d]t ljZn]if0f u/L b//]6 lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd e]l/Pzg cfb]z hf/L ubf{ e]l/Pzgsf] k|s[lt, 7"nf
cfO6d, ;fgf cfO6d, Dofb yk ug'{ kg{] jf gkg{] / kg{] eP slt lbg ug'{ kg{], e]l/Pzg
cfO6dsf] b//]6 lan ckm SjfG6L6Lsf] cfO6dsf] b//]6 eGbf 36La9L, cBfjlws km]/abn
hDdf ;Demf}tf d"Nosf] slt k|ltzt ePsf], e]l/Pzg cfb]z adf]lhdsf] ug'{ kg]{ sfdsf]
nflu yk /sd sxfFaf6 s;/L h'6fpg], e]l/Pzg cfb]zkl5sf] hDdfhDdL /sd z'?
;Demf}tf d"Nosf] slt k|ltzt x'g] :ki6 ?kdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ s'g} sf/0fn] ;do cefj eO{ jf cfsl:ds sfo{ ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf cfO{ t'?Gt
yk sfd u/fpg k/]df Ps tx dflysf clwsf/Laf6 k"j{ l:js[lt lnO{ e]l/Pzg sfo{
cufl8 a9fpg ;Sg]5 .
!(& d"No ;dfof]hgM -!_ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s kGw| dlxgf eGbf
a9L cjlwsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ug{] s|ddf d"No ;dfof]hg ug{ cfjZos
b]lvPdf Ps tx dflysf] clwsf/Ln] d"No ;dfof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ lgdf{0f sfo{ vl/b ubf{ /fli6o :t/sf] af]nkq cfJxfg eO{ vl/b ;Demf}tf eO{ ;s]sf]
ca:yfdf ck|Tofl;t ?kdf s'g} lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] d"No ;flas d"Nosf] bz k|ltzt eGbf
a9L 36a9 ePdf To;/L 36]sf] jf a9]sf] /sddf bz k|ltzt sf u/L tf]lsP adf]lhd
d"No ;dfof]hg ul/g]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg vl/b ;Demf}tf k|fKt ug]{
JolQmsf] l9nfO{sf] sf/0faf6 ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfd ;f] ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt cjlw
leq ;DkGg geO{ a9L ;do nfu]sf]]df jf Psd'i6 sfo{ ;Dkfbg -nDk ;d sG6fS6_ jf
lglZrt ah]6sf] cfwf/df vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df d"No ;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-#_ d"No ;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsg] jf g;lsg] s'/f vl/b ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ug'{
kg]{5 .
-$_ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf d"No ;dfof]hgsf] Joj:yf ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fx? ;d]t
pNn]v ug{' kg]{5 M
148

-s_ d"No ;dfof]hg ug]{ cj:yf,

-v_ lgwf{/0f ug]{ ;"q,
o; v08 adf]lhd ;"q lgwf{/0f ubf{ ;DkGg ePsf] sfddf nfu]sf] >d, ;fdu|L
/ pks/0fx?sf] dfq d"No ;dfof]hg x'g] u/L ;"q lgwf{/0f ug'[{ kg]{5 .
-u_ d"No ;dfof]hgsf]] clwstd /sd,
-3_ v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] ;"qdf k|of]u ul/g] d"Nosf] ;+/rgf ->d, pks/0f,
;fdu|L, O{Gwgsf] d"No cflb_,
-_ k|To]s d"No ;+/rgfsf] d"No ;dfof]hg ug{ k|of]u ul/g] ;Dj4 d"No ;"rL
-O{G8L;]h_
-r_ d"No ;"rL pNn]v ug{ k|of]u ul/g] d'bf / e'QmfgL lbg k|of]u ul/g] d'b|f
jLrsf] ljlgdo b/sf] 36j9 dfkg ug]{ tl/sf,
-5_ d"No ;dfof]hg ;"q k|of]u ug{ lnOg] cfwf/ ldlt -a];nfOg 8]6_,
-h_ d"No ;dfof]hg ;"q nfu" x'g] ;dosf] cGt/fn, /
-em_ d"No ;dfof]hg ;"qsf] k|of]uaf6 b]lvg' kg]{ Go"gtd d"No a[l4 / d"No
;dfof]hg ;DaGwL k|fjwfg nfu" x'g k"/f x'g' kg]{ cGo zt{ tyf jGb]h .
-%_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd ul/g] d"No ;dfof]hgsf]] clwstd /sd ;fdfGotof
z'? ;Demf}tf d"Nosf] kRrL; k|ltzt eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g . d"No ;dfof]hgsf] /sd ;f]
d"No eGbf a9L x'g] ePdf k|flws/0fn] vl/b ;Demf}tf cGTo ug{, ;Demf}tf d"NonfO{
:jLs[t ah]6 leq kfg{sf] nflu lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, ;]jf k|bfos jf
k/fdz{bftf;Fu jftf{ ug{ jf vr{ 36fpg] cGo pkfo cjnDjg ug{ ;Sg] jf yk ah]6
Joj:yf ul/g] Joj:yf vl/b ;Demf}tfdf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
!(*= vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb yk ug{ ;lsg]M -!_ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb yk ;DaGwL Joj:yf
;DalGwt vl/b ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg sfa" aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt,
k|flws/0fn] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ s'/f pknAw u/fpg g;s]df jf cGo dgfl;a sf/0faf6
vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] cjlw ga9fO{ gx'g] ePdf ;Demf}tf k|fKt ug]{ JolQmn]] sf/0f v'nfO{
vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb ;lsg' sDtLdf ;ft lbg cufj} k|flws/0fdf cjlw yksf] nflu
lga]bg lbPdf clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] ;Demf}tfsf] cjlw a9fpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 ;DalGwt clwsf/ k|fKt
clwsf/Ln] ;f] ;DaGwdf cfjZos hfFra'em ug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg]5 . To;/L hfFra'em ubf{
jf u/fpFbf lghn] b]xfosf s'/f ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{5M

149

-s_ ;DalGwt lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, ;]jf k|bfos jf k/fdz{bftfn]

vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfd ;do d} ;DkGg ug{ e/ dUb'/ k|of;
u/]sf] lyof] jf lyPg,
-v_ k|flws/0fn] lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, ;]jf k|bfos jf
k/fdz{bftfnfO{ ;Demf}tf adf]lhd pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ s'/f pknAw
u/fPsf] lyof] jf lyPg, /
-u_ sfa'aflx/sf] kl/l:yltsf] sf/0faf6 sfddf l9nfO{ ePsf] xf] jf xf]O{g .
-$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhd hfFra'em ubf{ lgj]bgdf plNnlvt sf/0f dgfl;a
b]lvPdf tLg dlxgf;Ddsf] cjlw;Dd af]nkq :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/Ln] / ;f] eGbf a9Lsf]
cjlw yk ug'{ kg]{ ePdf Ps tx dflysf] clwsf/L ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
!((= k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{M vl/b ;Demf}tfdf k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{sf ;DaGwdf b]xfosf]
Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5M
-s_ cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf, ;]jf k|bfos jf lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] l9nfO{sf]
sf/0fn] vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfd ;f] ;Demf}tfdf tf]lsPsf] Dofbdf
;DkGg x'g g;s]df lghn] k|flws/0fnfO{ ;Demf}tf /sdsf] bz k|ltztdf
gj9\g] u/L ;fwf/0ftof k|lt lbg ;Demf}tf /sdsf] z'Go bzdna z'Go kfFr
k|ltzt k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ lbg' kg]{ t/ lghsf] sfa' aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt
k/L jf s'g} ulNt jf x]nr]s|fO{ geO{ sfo{;Dkfbg jf cfk"lt{ ug{ l9nf ePdf
To:tf] Ifltk"lt{ ltg{ gkg]{ /
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ ltb{}df ;DalGwt cfk"lt{stf{,
k/fdz{bftf, ;]jf k|bfos jf lgdf{0f Joj;foL vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf]
sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ bfloTjaf6 d'Qm x'g g;Sg] .
@))= lan jf ljhs k]z ug'{ kg]{M lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, ;]jf k|bfos jf k/fdz{bftfn]
o; ljlgod adf]lhd e'QmfgLsf] nflu k]z ug]{ /lg lan jf cGo s'g} lan ljhsdf
sDtLdf b]xfosf s'/f pNn]v u/L k|flws/0f ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ lan jf ljhssf] ldlt,
-v_ cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL, ;]jfk|bfos jf k/fdz{bftfsf] gfd 7]ufgf,
-u_ vl/b ;Demf}tf gDa/,
-3_ cfk"lt{ ul/Psf] dfn;fdfg jf ;]jfsf] ljj/0f jf ;DkGg ePsf] lgdf{0f
sfo{sf] gfk, cfsf/, kl/df0f / d"No,
-_ l;kd]G6 tyf e'QmfgLsf] zt{,
-r_ vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhd lan jf ljhs ;fy k]z ug{' kg]{ cfjZos sfuhft,
150

-5_ dfn;fdfgsf] vl/bsf] xsdf lan jf ljhs;fy vl/b cfb]z, vl/b ;Demf}tf
jf af]nkq :jLs[lt kqdf lbO{Psf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd k|flws/0fn] tf]s]sf]
9fFrfsf] l;lk jf cGo cfjZos sfuhft, /
-h_ cfkm\gf] ;Dks{ 7]ufgf .
@)!= lan jf ljhssf] e'QmfgLM -!_ ljlgod @)) adf]lhd lan jf ljhs k|fKt ePkl5
k|flws/0fn] To:tf] lan jf ljhs vl/b ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt k|fjwfg adf]lhdsf] eP
gePsf] hf+Fr u/L ;f] cg'?ksf] gePdf ;DalGwt cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL,
;]jfk|bfos jf k/fdz{bftfnfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L t'?Gt lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k]z ePsf] /lg lan jf cGo s'g} lan ljhs /
sfuhft ;DalGwt sfof{non] k}tfln; lbgleq :jLs[t u/L vl/b ;Demf}tf cg';f/ To:tf]
lan jf ljhssf] ;f]xL cjlw leq e'QmfgL ;d]t ug{' kg]{5 . ;f] cjlw leq e'QmfgL
glbPdf k|flws/0fn] vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] Jofh ;d]t e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] zt{df k|flws/0fn] /lg lan jf cGo s'g} lan ljhssf]
e'QmfgLsf] Joj:yf ubf{ b]xfosf s'g} jf ;a} cfwf/ adf]lhd ug{ ;Sg] s'/f pNn]v ug{
;lsg]5 M
-s_ dfl;s cfwf/df,
-v_ k|fljlws gfk hfFr u/L gfkL lstfa -d]h/d]G6 j's_ df pNn]v ePsf]
jf:tljs sfo{;Dkfbgsf] cfwf/df,
-u_ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf ;DkGg sfo{ dfkg ug]{ ;"rsf tf]lsPsf]df To:tf]
;"rsf k|fKt ePkl5 / To:tf] ;"rsf gtf]lsPsf]df ;DkGg ePsf]
sfo{sf] cfwf/df,
-3_ x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] jf k"/f ul/Psf] sfo{sf] kl/df0fsf] cfwf/df, /
-_ k|lttkqsf] zt{sf] cfwf/df .
-$_ /lg lan jf cGo s'g} lan ljhssf] e'QmfgL lngsf] nflu lgdf{0f Joj;foL,
cfk"lt{stf{, ;]jfk|bfos jf k/fdz{bftfn] To:tf] lan jf lahssf] cltl/Qm vl/b ;Demf}tf
adf]lhd cfjZos kg]{ k|df0f, sfuhft k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ k|flws/0fn] pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd e'QmfgL ubf{ ;Demf}tfdf cGoyf Joj:yf
ePsf]df afx]s lgdf{0f sfo{ / dfn;fdfg vl/bsf] xsdf l/6]G;g dgL jfkt /lg jf
cGo lan jf ljhsdf plNnlvt /sdsf]] kfFr k|ltzt /sd sf u/L /fVg' kg]{5 /
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd nfUg] clu|d cfo s/ jfktsf] /sd ;d]t sf u/L ;DalGwt
/fh:j vftfdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf l/6]G;g dgL s6\6f ug'{ gkg]{ Joj:yf ePdf To:tf]
/sd s6\6f ul/g] 5}g .
151

-^_ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf k|flws/0fn] lan jf lahs adf]lhdsf] /sd lz3| e'QmfgL
u/]df cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL, ;]jfk|bfos jf k/fdz{bftfn] To:tf] e'QmfgLsf]
lglZrt /sd jf k|ltzt 5'6 lbg] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] ePdf k|flws/0fn] To;/L e'QmfgL
ubf{ 5'6 /sd sf u/]/ dfq e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ k|flws/0fn] vl/b ;Demf}tfdf b]xfosf Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5M
-s_ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf cl3Nnf] s'g} /lg lan jf cGo s'g} lan ljhsdf
n]lvPsf s'/f s'g} sf/0fjz jf e"njz n]lvg uO{ e'QmfgL /sd
;Rofpg' kg]{ ePdf k|flws/0f cfkm}n] jf ;DalGwt cfk"lt{stf{,
lgdf{0f Joj;foL, ;]jfk|bfos jf k/fdz{bftfsf] cg'/f]wdf To;
kl5sf /lg lan jf cGo s'g} lan ljhsdf To:tf] e'QmfgL /sd
;Rofpg jf x]/km]/ ug{ ;lsg], /
-v_ cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL, ;]jfk|bfos jf k/fdz{bftfn] vl/b
;Demf}tfsf] zt{ adf]lhd sfo{;Dkfbg gu/]df k|flws/0fn] /lg lan
jf cGo s'g} lan ljhs adf]lhdsf] e'QmfgL glbg jf sf ug{ ;Sg]
.
-*_ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] gfkL k'l:tsf (Measurement Book) clgjfo{ ?kdf e/fO{ /fVg'
kg]{5 . pQm k'l:tsfdf 7]s]bf/sf] gfd, 7]ufgf tyf eP u/]sf] sfo{sf] laa/0f ;lxt gfk
ug]{, l;kmfl/; ug]{ tyf sfof{no k|d'v / vl/b ;Demf}tf ug]{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] ;xL /
ldlt x'g' kg]{5 .
-(_ vl/b ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL, ;]jfk|bfos
jf k/fdz{bftfn] s'g} bfjL u/]df To:tf] bfjL u/]sf] /sd e'QmfgLsf] nflu ;ldltsf]
:jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
@)@= clGtd e'QmfgLM -!_ vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhd ;DkGg ePsf] sfo{ k|flws/0fn] :jLsf/
u/]kl5 cfk"ltstf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL, ;]jf k|bfos jf k/fdz{bftfnfO{ s/f/sf zt{
adf]lhd clGtd e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd e'QmfgLsf] nflu k"FhLut tyf dd{t;Def/ ;DaGwL
sfo{sf] e'QmfgLsf] xsdf clGtd ljn jf ljhs;+u cg';"rL !@ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f v'n]sf]
sfuhft ;d]t ;+nUg u/L n]vf zfvfdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd clGtd e'QmfgL lb+bf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] xsdf q'l6
;Rrfpg] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt / ljlgod @)! sf] pkljlgod %_ adf]lhd s6\6f ul/Psf] l/6]G;g dgL /sdsf] krf; k|ltzt /sd lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
l/6]G;g dgLsf] afFsL krf; k|ltzt /sd ;DalGwt lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ;DalGwt
cflGtl/s /fh:j sfof{noaf6 s/ ljj/0f k]z u/]sf] k|df0f sfuhft k]z u/] kl5 e'QmfgL
lbg' kg]{5 .

152

t/ q'l6 ;Rrfpg] cjlwleq ;DalGwt lgdf{0f Joj;foLn]] q'l6 g;RofPdf

k|flws/0fn] l/6]G;g dgL jf hdfgt jfktsf] /sd k|of]u u/L q'l6 ;Rofpg
;Sg]5 .
@)#= sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{M -!_ vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhd lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg
ePsf] tL; lbgleq ;DalGwt lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] lgdf{0f eP adf]lhdsf] -Ph laN6_ gSzf
;DalGwt sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ q'l6 ;Rofpg] bfloTjsf] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5
sfof{no k|d'vn] To:tf] lgdf{0f sfo{ :jLs[t 8O, l8hfOg jf :k]l;lkms]zg adf]lhd eP
gePsf] s'/f k|fljlws sd{rf/Laf6 hfFra' u/fO{ sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg tof/ u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd hfFra'em ug]{ k|fljlwsn] ;DkGg lgdf{0f sfo{ :jLs[t
8O, l8hfOg jf :k]l;lkms]zg adf]lhd eP gePsf] hfFr u/L sfof{no k|d'v ;dIf
k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgdf{0f eP adf]lhdsf] gSzf / pkljlgod -#_
adf]lhd k]z ePsf]] sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg sfof{no k|d'vn] af]nkq :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/L
;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . sfof{no k|d'v / af]nkq :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/L Pp6} JolQm ePdf
lgh eGbf Ps tx dflysf] clwsf/L ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] clwsf/Ln] cfjZos b]v]df sfo{ ;DkGg
k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt ljifosf ;DaGwdf cfkm}+n] hfFra' ug{ jf s'g} k|fljlws sd{rf/L
jf k|fljlws sd{rf/Lx?sf] 6f]nL dfkm{t hfFra' u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
t/ bz s/f]8 ?k}ofF eGbf a9Lsf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu cfof]hgf ;DkGg
cWoog k|ltj]bgdf b]xfo adf]lhsf] ;ldltn] hfFra' u/L k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ cfof]hgf;+u ;DalGwt dxf k|aGwspksfo{sf/L
lgb]{zs jf lghf/f dgf]lgt clws[t -sDtLdf !! txsf]
clws[t_
-v_ d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tf/f dgf]lgt clws[t
-sDtLdf !) txsf] clws[t_
-u_ pk sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs cy{f/f dgf]lgt clws[t
-sDtLdf !) txsf] clws[t
-3_ cfof]hgf k|d'v

;+of]hs
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o;lrj

-^_ pkljlgod -%_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] sfo{ If]q b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_= cfof]hgf x:tfGt/0f ug]{ sfo{x?sf] kof{Kttfsf] ;dLIff ug]{ .

153

-v_= :jLs[t 8O ,l8hfOg / gS;fx?sf] -As Built Drawing) sf] pknJwtfsf]

;dLIff ug]{ .
-u_= cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ k'/f eO{ ;s] kl5 cfof]hgfsf] cg'dflgt /
oyfy{ vr{sf] ljj/0f;Fu t'ngf u/L tt\ ;DaGwdf /fo k]z ug]{ .
-3_= cfof]hgf k"hLs/0f kl5sf] ;+rfng / ;+ef/ ug]{ :yfoL Joj:yfsf]
;dLIff ug]{ .
-_= cfof]hgfsf] k|efjsfl/tf af/] eljiodf ug{ ;lsg]g;lsg] ;DalGw
;'emfj lbg] .
-r_= cfof]hgfsf] nIo tyf k|ultsf] ;dLIff ug]{ .
-&_ pkljlgod -%_ adf]lhd hfFra'em ubf{ ;DkGg lgdf{0f sfo{ :jLs[t 8O,
l8hfOg jf :k]l;lkms]zg adf]lhd ePsf] kfOPdf To:tf] clwsf/Ln] To:tf] lgdf{0f sfo{
:jLs[t ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ pkljlgod -&_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg pkljlgod -$_
adf]lhd sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg k]z ePsf] ldltn] kF}tfnL; lbgleq pkljlgod -%_
adf]lhd hfFra'em ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ o; ljlgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg pkljlgod -#_
adf]lhd k]z ePsf] sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg hfFr ug{ u/fpg ;Sg]5 . To;/L hfFr ubf{ jf
u/fpFbf To:tf] lgdf{0f sfo{ :jLs[t 8O, l8hfOg jf :k]l;lkms]zg adf]lhd ePsf]
kfOPdf lghn] sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg :jLs[t ug'{ kg]{5 / sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] s'/fsf]
hfgsf/L Ps tx dflysf] clwsf/LnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-!)_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg :jLs[t ePkl5 k|flws/0fn]
;DalGwt lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ sfo{ ;DkGg k|df0fkq -js{ sDKnL;g ;l6{lkms]6_ lbg'
kg]{5 .
@)$= ;do eGbf cl3 sfd ;DkGg ug]{nfO{ k'/:sf/ lbg ;lsg]M -!_ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf tf]lsPsf]
cjlw eGbf cl3 sfd ;DkGg ug]{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ k|flws/0fn] k'/:sf/ lbg ;Sg]
Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k'/:sf/sf] /sd lgwf{/0f ubf{ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf
tf]lsPsf] ;do eGbf hlt lbg cl3 sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] xf] Tolt lbgsf nflu pk
ljlgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] cfwf/df lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] b/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] v/Lb
;Demf]}tfdf tf]lsPsf] cjlw leq sfd ;DkGg ug{ g;s] jfkt b}lgs ?kdf hlt /sd
k|flws/0fnfO{ k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ ltg'{ kg]{ xf] Tolt g} /sd a/fa/sf] b/ lgwf{/0f ug'{
kg]{5 .
-$_ o; ljlgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg k'/:sf/sf] s'n /sd
;Demf}tf /sdsf] bz k|ltzt eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
154

@)%= vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] cGTo / ;f]sf] pkrf/M -!_ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf ;f] ;Demf}tf cGTo ug{{
;lsg] cj:yfx? / To;/L ;Demf}tfsf] cGTo ePdf ;Demf}tfsf] kIfx?nfO{ k|fKt x'g]
pkrf/ pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf cj:yfx? d'Vo ?kdf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g ;Sg]5g
M
-s_ cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf, ;]jf k|bfos jf lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] vl/b
;Demf}tf adf]lhd sfo{ ;Dkfbg gu/]df k|flws/0fn] vl/b ;Demf}tf
cGTo ug{ ;Sg] ca:yf,
-v_ k|flws/0fn] ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu cg's"ntfsf] cfwf/df vl/b
;emf}tfsf] cGTo -6ld{g];g jfO{ slGeg]G;_ ug{ ;Sg] ca:yf,
-u_ cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf, ;]jfk|bfos jf lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] vl/b
;Demf}tf cGTo ug{ ;Sg] ca:yf /
-3_ sfa" aflx/sf] kl/l:yltdf vl/b ;Demf}tf cGTo ug{ ;lsg] ca:yf .
-#_ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd vl/b ;Demf}tf cGTo ubf{ lalQo
km/kmf/s ug]{ / Ifltk"lt{ lbg] ;DaGwL Aoa:yf pNn]v ug'{' kg]{5 .
-$_ k|flws/0fsf] tkm{af6 vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] cGTo ug'{ k/]df af]nkq jf k|:tfj
:jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/L eGbf Ps tx dflysf] clwsf/Lsf] lg0f{o x'g' kg]{5 .
@)^= cg's'ntfsf] cfwf/df vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] cGTo ubf{ lbg' kg]{ e'QmfgL]M -!_ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf
cGoyf Aoa:yf ePsf]df afx]s k|flws/0fn] ;fj{hlgs lxtsf nflu cg's"ntfsf] cfwf/df
vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] cGTo ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ k|flws/0fn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd ;Demf}tfsf] cGTo u/]sf]df ;DalGwt
cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] /sd
e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{5 . To;/L e'QmfgL lb+bf lghn] s'g} k]ZsL /sd lnPsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf]
k]ZsL s6fP/ dfq e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{5 M
-s_ l:jsfo{ ?kdf ;DkGg eO{ ;s]sf] sfo{, cfk"lt{ jf ;]jf jfkt ug'{ kg]{
e'QmfgL afFsL eP ;f] e'QmfgL,
-v_ vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhd k|flws/0fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu pTkflbt
dfn;fdfgsf] d"No, lgdf{0f :yndf NofOPsf lgdf{0f ;fdu|L,
-u_ lgdf{0f :ynaf6 pks/0f x6fpg nfUg] dgfl;j vr{,
-3_ s'g} vr{sf] e'QmfgL ;f]wegf{sf] ?kdf lbg] Aoa:yf ePsf]df jf:tljs?kdf
ePsf] To:tf] vr{{,
155

-_ lgdf{0f :yndf NofOPsf lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] d"No tyf

-r_ cfjZos eP lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ;+/If0f / ;'/Iff vr{ .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg k|flws/0fn] ;fj{hlgs
lxtsf] nflu ;'lj:tfsf] cfwf/df vl/b ;Demf}tf cGTo ug{ lbPsf] ;"rgf cfk"lt{stf{n]
k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq l;kd]G6sf] nflu tof/ x'g] tyf tof/ ePsf dfn;fdfg
To:tf] ;Demf}tfsf zt{ / d"Nodf :jLsf/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ df plNnlvt dfn;fdfg afx]s cGo ;fdfgsf] ;DaGwdf
k|flws/0fn] b]xfo adf]lhd ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ dfn;fdfgsf] s'g} c+z k"/f u/fO{ ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt zt{ / d"Nodf
k|fKt ug]{, jf
-v_ afFsL /x]sf dfn;fdfgsf] cfk"lt{ cfb]z /4 ug]{ / cfk"lt{stf{n] cf+lzs
?kdf tof/ u/]sf] dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf / ;Demf}tf cGTo x'g' cufj}
cfk"lt{stf{n] vl/b u/]sf] ;fdu|L jf kf6{k"hf{ jfkt cfk;L ;xdltaf6
d~h'/ ul/Psf] /sd lghnfO{ e'QmfgL ug]{ .
@)&= vl/b ;Demf}tf pNn+3g eP k|fKt x'g] pkrf/M -!_ vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfd
cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf, ;]jf k|bfos jf lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] gu/L vl/b ;Demf}tfsf]
pNn+3g u/]df k|flws/0fnfO{ k|fKt x'g] pkrf/ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] pkrf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g ;Sg]5 M
-s_ q'l6k"0f{ sfo{ c:jLsf/ ug]{,
-v_ q'l6k"0f{ dfn;fdfg tTsfn x6fpg] / ;DalGwt cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f
Joa;foL, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfosaf6 k|lt:yfkg ug{ nufpg],
-u_ ;dodf sfo{ ;Dkfbg x'g g;s] jfktsf] k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt
ug]{,
-3_ ;Demf}tfsf] cGTo ug]{ / ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfd gug]{ cfk"lt{stf{,
lgdf{0f Joj;foL, ;]jf k|bfos jf k/fdz{bftfsf] vr{df To:tf] sfd
ug{ jf u/fpgsf nflu nfUg]] yk vr{ c;"n ug],{
-_ cfg'iff+lus Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg], /
-r_ k|rlnt sfg"g jf vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhd pknAw x'g] cGo pkrf/

156

kl/R5]b !(
ljjfb ;dfwfg ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@)*= ljjfb ;dfwfg ;DaGwL ;+oGqM -!_ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf, ;f] ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] s|ddf
k|flws/0f / ;Demf}tf k|fKt ug]{ AolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgL aLr s'g} ljjfb pTkGg
ePdf ;f] ljjfb k]z ug]{ / ;dfwfg ug]{ ;+oGq pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ k|flws/0f / lgdf{0f Aoa;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfos aLr
vl/b ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} ljjfb pTkGg ePdf ;se/ cfkl;
;xdltaf6 ;dfwfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljjfb ;dfwfg ug]{ ;+oGq pNn]v ubf{ bz s/f]8
?k}Fof ;Dd ;Demf}tf d"No ePsf] vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg lg0f{ostf{ P8h'l8s]6/_ f/f / ;f] eGbf a9L ;Demf}tf d"No ePsf] vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] ljjfbsf]
;dfwfg tLg ;b:oLo ljjfb ;dfwfg ;ldltf/f ug'{ kg]{ s'/f pNn]v ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] cfkl; ;xdltaf6 ljjfb ;dfwfg x'g g;s]df
To:tf] ljjfbsf] laifo v'nfO{ lnlvt ?kdf bfaL / To:tf] bfaL k':6\ofO{ ug]{ sfuhft pk
ljlgod -#_ adf]lhd lg0f{ostf{ -P8h'l8s]6/_ jf ljjfb ;dfwfg ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug'{
kg]{5 .
@)(= lg0f{ostf{sf] lgo'lQm / ljjfb ;dfwfg ;ldltsf] u7gM -!_ ljlgod @)* sf] pkljlgod
-#_ adf]lhdsf] lg0f{ostf{sf] lgo'lQm k|flws/0f / ;DalGwt cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL,
;]jf k|bfos jf k/fdz{bftfsf] ;xdltdf x'g]5 / ljjfb ;dfwfg ;ldltdf cfk"lt{stf{,
lgdf{0f Joj;foL, ;]jf k|bfos jf k/fdz{bftf / k|flws/0fn] lgo'Qm u/]sf] Ps Ps hgf
;b:o tyf To:tf b'j} ;b:on] lgo'Qm u/]sf] t];|f] JolQm cWoIf /xg]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] lg0f{ostf{sf] lgo'lQm tyf ljjfb ;dfwfg
;ldltsf]] u7g ;DaGwdf k|flws/0f / ;DalGwt cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL, ;]jf
k|bfos jf k/fdz{bftfsf]] aLrdf ;xdlt x'g g;s]df jf s'g} kIfn] ljjfb ;dfwfg
;ldltdf ;b:o lgo'Qm ug{ g;s]df vl/b ;Demf}}tfdf cGoyf pNn]v ePsf]df afx]s
dWo:ytf ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd lg0f{ostf{sf] lgo'lQm jf ljjfb ;dfwfg
;ldltsf]] ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] lg0f{ostf{, ljjfb ;dfwfg ;ldltsf] ;b:o x'g]
JolQmn] ljjfbsf] k|s[lt;Fu ldNg] sfddf ljz]if1tf xfl;n u/]sf] / sDtLdf kfFr jif{sf]
cg'ej ePsf] k|fljlws JolQm x'g' kg]{5 .

157

@!)= lg0f{ostf{ jf ljjfb ;dfwfg ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M lg0f{ostf{ tyf ljjfb
;dfwfg ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tT;DaGwL lgo'lQm kqdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
@!!= kfl/>lds / ;'lawfM -!_ lg0f{ostf{ jf ljjfb ;dfwfg ;ldltsf] cWoIf / ;b:osf]
kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwf / To:tf] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwf Joxf]{g] ;|f]t vl/b ;Demf}tfdf
pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] kfl/>lds / ;'lawfsf] bfloTj k|flws/0f /
cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL, ;]jf k|bfos jf k/fdz{bftfn] a/fa/ ?kdf Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
@!@= ljjfb pk/sf] lg0f{oM -!_ ljlgod @)* sf] pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] bfaL k|fKt ePsf]
tLg lbgleq lg0f{ostf{ jf ljjfb ;dfwfg ;ldltn] ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ To:tf] bfaL /
sfuhftsf] k|ltlnlk k7fO{ ;f]sf] ;DaGwdf k|ltls|of dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] bfaLsf ;DaGwdf lg0f{ostf{ jf ljjfb ;dfwfg
;ldltn] :ynut lg/LIf0f ;d]t u/L hfFra'em ;d]t ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ lg0f{ostf{ jf ljjfb ;dfwfg ;ldltn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltls|of /
pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] hfFra'em ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L cfkm" ;dIf ljjfb k]z ePsf]
tL; lbgleq lg0f{o lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] lg0f{odf ;DalGwt kIfsf] bfaL k'Ug] gk'Ug] sf/0f
/ cfwf/ ;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
@!#= dWo:ysf] dfWod4f/f ljjfb ;dfwfg ug]{M ljlgod @!@ adf]lhdsf] lg0f{odf lrQ ga'em\g]
kIfn] To:tf] lg0f{o ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq vl/b ;Demf}tfdf sfo{ljlw pNn]v
ePsf]df ;f]xL adf]lhd / gePsf]df k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd dWo:ysf] dfWod4f/f To:tf]
ljjfb ;dfwfg ug]{ sf/afxL z'? ug'{ kg]{5 .

158

kl/R5]b@)
ljljw
@!$= vl/b sf/afxL ;DaGwL sfuhft pknAw u/fpg' kg]{M k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd n]vf
k/LIf0f, cg'udg, cg';Gwfg jf lg/LIf0f ug{ clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfon] vl/b sf/afxL
;DaGwL s'g} sfuhft dfu u/]df k|flws/0fn] To:tf] sfuhft dgfl;j ;dodf pknJw
u/fpg' kg]{5 .
@!%= k|nf]eg, e|i6frf/ jf hfn;fhLhGo Jojxf/sf] ;"rgfM k|flws/0fsf s'g} kbflwsf/LnfO{
s'g} af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfn] k|nf]eg lbg k|:tfj u/]df jf cGo s'g} e|i6frf/ jf
hfn;fhLhGo sfd u/]sf] yfxf kfPdf lghn] ;f]sf] ;"rgf sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ lbg' kg]{5
.
@!^= sfnf];"rLdf /fVg l;kmfl/; ug]{M -!_ s'g} af]nkqbftf, k|:tfjbftf, k/fdz{bftf,
;]jfk|bfos, cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL jf cGo JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLn] b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] sfo{ u/L lghnfO{ sfnf] ;"rLdf /fVg' k/]df k|flws/0fn] To; ;DaGwL lj:t[t
ljj/0f / sf/0f v'nfO{ ;Da4 sfuhft ;lxt ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{nonfO{ n]vL
k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-s_ vl/b P]gsf] bkmf ^@ adf]lhdsf] cfr/0f ljkl/t sfd u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf,
-v_ ljlgod !&% sf] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd :jLs[tLsf] nflu 5gf}6 ePsf]
k|:tfjsf] k|:tfjbftf ;Demf}tf ug{ gcfPdf,
-u_ vl/b ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ubf{ ;f/e"t q'6L u/]sf] jf ;Demf}tf cg'?ksf]
bfloTj ;f/e"t ?kdf kfngf gu/]sf] jf vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;f]
;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] u'0f:t/sf] gePsf] s'/f kl5 k|dfl0ft ePdf,
-3_ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf efu lng cof]Uo 7xl/g] s'g} kmf}Hbf/L s;'/df cbfntaf6
bf]ifL 7xl/Pdf, jf
-_ of]Uotf 9f+6L jf em'Sofgdf kf/L vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft x'g cfPdf
.
@!&= d"Nofg ;ldltM -!_ k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfa, af]nkq, k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] cfzo kq jf k|:tfj
jf l;naGbL b/efp kq k/LIf0f / d"Nofg ug{ k|flws/0fn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] d"Nofg
;ldlt u7g ug'{ kg]{5M

159

-s_

;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf]

clws[t -;Dej eP;Dd k|fljlws sd{rf/L_

-v_

;+of]hs
;b:o

;DalGwt sfof{nosf] n]vf k|d'v jf ;f] geP

tfn's sfof{nosf] n]vf k|d'v
-u_
ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt clws[t
;b:o
-3_
sfg"g clws[t -pknAw eP;Dd_
;b:o
-_
vl/b O{sfO{sf] k|d'v
;b:o ;lra
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg krf; s/f]8 eGbf a9Lsf
vl/bx?sf] k'g{d"Nof+g ug{ k|flws/0fn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] k'g{d"Nof+g ;ldlt u7g u/L
d"Nof+g u/fpg' kg]{5M
-s_
;DalGwt dxfk|aGws pksfo{sf/L
;+of]hs
lgb]{zs
-v_
d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn] tf]s]sf] k|fljlws ;b:o
sd{rf/L -slDtdf P3f/ tx_
-u_
pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs cy{ jf lghn] tf]s]sf] ;b:o
slDtdf bz txsf] clws[t
-3_
sfg"g ljefusf] k|ltlglw
;b:o
-_
;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v
;b:o;lrj
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] d"Nofg ;ldlt / pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf]
k'gd{"Nofg ;ldlt n] sfof{no k|d'vsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ;/sf/L jf u}/ ;/sf/L If]qsf ljifo
ljz]if1nfO{ cfkm\gf] a}7sdf cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltnfO{ k/fdz{bftfsf] ;xof]u cfjZos
ePdf :jLs[t sfo{s|d / ah]6sf] cwLgdf /xL k|flws/0fn] o; ljlgodfjnLsf] sfo{ljlw
ckgfO{ k/fdz{bftf lgo'Qm u/L lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] b/efpkq, af]nkq jf k|:tfj
d"Nofg ug]{ sfddf cfkm"nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ pk;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ d"Nofg tyf k'gd{"Nofg ;ldltsf] ;lrjn] ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] dfO{Go'6 tof/
u/L /fVg' kg]{5 / ;ldltdf 5nkmn ePsf ;Dk"0f{ ljifosf] kmfO{n v8f u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-&_ d"Nofg tyf k'gd{"Nofg ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] sfo{ljlw cfkm} lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-*_ d"Nofg tyf k'gd{"Nofg ;ldltn] o; ljlgoddf pNn]v eP adf]lhd
sfof{no k|d'v ;dIf d"Nofg k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

160

@!*= vl/b sf/afxLsf] clen]vM -!_ k|flws/0fn] k|To]s vl/b sf/AffxLsf] lglDt 5'} kmfOn v8f
u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ k|flws/0fn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] kmfO{ndf cGo sfuhftsf cltl/Qm
b]xfosf sfuhftx? /fVg' kg]{5 M
-s_ ;Demf}tf kmfOnsf] k+lhsf,
-v_ :jLs[t gS;f l8hfOg:k]lzlkms]zg
-u_ :jLs[t nfut cg'dfg
-3_ af]nkq jf k"j{of]Uotfsf] nflu ul/Psf] cfXjfgsf] ;"rgf,
-_ af]nkq, k"j{of]Uotf jf k|:tfj cfJxfg ;DaGwL sfuhftx?,
-r_ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft, k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft jf k|:tfa
;DaGwL sfuhft ;DaGwdf af]nkqbftfn] :ki6Ls/0fsf] nflu u/]sf]]
cg'/f]w / ;f] ;DaGwdf k|flws/0fn] ;j} ;xefuL af]nkqbftf jf
k|:tfabftfx?nfO{ k7fPsf] hjfkm,
-5_ af]]nkqbftf jf k/fdz{bftf;Fu ul/Psf] af]nkq k]z ug'{ k"j{sf] a}7ssf]
dfO{Go'6 / k|flws/0fn] ;f] dfO{Go'6sf] k|ltlnlk ;j} ;xefuL af]nkqbftf
jf k|:tfjbftfx?nfO{ k7fPsf] k|df0f,
-h_ af]nkq vf]Nbfsf] dfO{Go'6,
-em_ af]nkqsf] d"n k|lt,
-`_ af]nkq d"Nofg ;ldltn] af]nkq d"Nofg sf] l;nl;nfdf af]nkqbftf
jf k|:tfjbftfnfO{ ;f]w]sf] k|Zg / ;DalGwt af]nkqbftf jf
k|:tfjbftfaf6 k|flws/0fnfO{ k7fPsf] hjfkm,
-6_ k"j{of]Uo ePsf af]nkqbftfsf] of]Uotf d"Nofgsf] k|ltj]bg,
-7_ k"j{of]Uo af]nkqbftfsf] ;"rL,
-8_ jftf{ ul/Psf] eP ;f]sf] dfO{Go'6,
-9_ ;kmn af]nkqbftfnfO{ k7fOPsf] :jLs[ltsf] k|f/lDes ;"rgfsf] k|ltlnlk,
-0f_ c;kmn af]nkqbftfx?nfO{ k7fOPsf] ;"rgfsf] k|ltlnlk,
-t_ vl/b ;DaGwdf k|sflzt ;a} ;"rgf,
-y_ d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t ;dIf / k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt ;dIf lbPsf]
lgj]bg / ;f] ;DaGwdf k|flws/0fn] k]z u/]sf] /fo k|ltlqmof, hfgsf/L
tyf ;f] ;DaGwdf ePsf] lg0f{o,
-b_ vl/b ;Demf}tf,

161

-w_ k|ult k|ltj]bg, OGEjfO; / lg/LIf0f k|ltj]bg h:tf vl/b ;Demf}tfsf]

sfof{Gjog ;Fu ;DalGwt sfuhft,
-g_ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf ;+zf]wg ul/Psf] eP ;f] ;DaGwL sfuhft,
-k_ dfn;fdfg k|flKt, lg/LIf0f / :jLs[lt nufotsf sfuhft,
-km_ lgdf{0f Joa;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfos;Fu ePsf
;Dk"0f{ kqfrf/,
-a_ ;jsG6fs6/sf] cg'/f]w / ;f] ;DaGwdf k|flws/0fn] lbPsf] hjfkm,
-e_ d"Nofg k|ltj]bg / ;f] ;Fu ;DalGwt ;Dk"0f{ sfuhft, /
-d_ vl/b ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{ ePsf] sf/afxL;Fu
;DalGwt sfuhft .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] clen]v vl/b sf/afxL 6'+uf] nfu]sf] sDtLdf ;ft
jif{;Dd ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{5 .
-$_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd clen]v /fVbf ef}lts ;DklQx?sf] clen]v / ;f]
;DaGwL k|df0f sfuhftx? ;d]t /fVg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhd clen]v /fVbf To:tf] ;DklQsf] nfut d"No,
xf|;s6\6L / dd{t ;Def/ vr{ ;lxtsf] ljj/0f v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
@!(= 9fFrf tf]Sg ;Sg]M o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd /fVg' kg]{ clen]vsf] 9fFrf ;ldltn] tf]Sg
;Sg]5 .
@@)= lgb]{lzsf agfpg ;Sg]M o; ljl godfjnLdf Joj:yf ePsf cfly{s sf/f]jf/ ;'Jojl:yt
9+uaf6 ;+rfng ug{ ;ldltn] cfjZos lgb]{lzsf agfpg ;Sg]5 .
@@!= a}7s eQfM -!_ ;ldltsf] j}7s eQf ;do ;dodf ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/] jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ s'g} vf; p2]Zon] s'g} pk ;ldlt jf sfo{ ;ldltsf] u7g ug'{ cfjZos 5
eGg] ;ldltnfO{ nfu]df pk;ldltdf ;b:ox? tf]Sg] / ;b:ox? j}7sdf pkl:yt eP
jfkt kfpg] eQf ;ldltn] kfP ;/x x'g]5 .
-#_ s'g} laif]z k|s[ltsf] sfo{ ug{ d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[n] s'g} ;ldlt u7g ug'{
kg]{ ePdf To:tf] ;ldltsf ;b:ox? lghn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 / To:tf ;b:ox?n]
kfpg] a}7s eQf ;ldltn] tf]sL lbP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

162

@@@= cltl/Qm ;do eQf / vfhf vr{M -!_ k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cltl/Qm ;do sfddf
nufpbf b]xfPsf ljj/0f ;d]t pNn]v u/L clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{
sfddf nufpg' kg]{5 .
-s_ cltl/Qm ;do a;L ug'{ kg]{ sfdsf] ljj/0f
-v_ cltl/Qm ;dodf sfo{ u/fpg' kg]{ sf/0f
-u_ sfo{ ug{ nfUg] ;do, /
-3_ cltl/Qm ;dodf sfd nufpg' kg]{ hgzlQmsf] cg'dfg .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd cltl/Qm ;do sfddf nufpg] :jLs[t ePdf k|To]s
lbg u/]sf] sfo{x?sf] ljj/0f tyf ;f] sfo{ ubf{ nfu]sf] ;do v'n]sf] sfuhft ;DalGwt
sfd nufpg] kbflwsf/Ln] k|dfl0ft u/L pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhd e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ cltl/Qm ;do sfd u/] jfkt k|flws/0fsf] ;xfos :t/sf sd{rf/LnfO{ lbO{g]
cltl/Qm ;do eQf tyf clws[t :t/sf sd{rf/LnfO{ lbO{g] vfhf vr{ ;ldltn] ;do
;dodf lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ k|flws/0fn] s'g} clws[t sd{rf/LnfO{ cgsn 8\o'6Ldf sfddf nufpg ;Sg]5
. o:tf] sfddf nufpbf lbO{g] eQfsf] :jLs[lt tx bz jf ;f] eGbf dflysf] sfof{no
k|d'vn] ug'{ kg]{5 .
@@#= 3/, hUuf, dfn;fdfg jf cGo ;DklQ axfndf lbg]M -!_ k|flws/0fsf] 3/, hUuf jf dfn
;fdfg nLh tyf ef8fdf lbbf clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ lbg ;lsg]5 .
o;/L ul/g] nLh tyf axfn dWo] 3/ tyf hUuf axfn ;DaGwL zt{ tyf ca:yfx?
;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ dfn ;fdfg jf cGo ;DklQ ef8fdf lbg] zt{ tyf ca:yfx? d'Vo k|zf;sLo
clws[tn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 . d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tn] cfjZos b]v]df b/ /]6
lgwf{/0f ;ldlt u7g u/L ;f] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/z adf]lhd ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@@$= ljB'tLo ;+rf/ dfWodaf6 vl/bM -!_ k|flws/0fn] ljB'tLo ;+rf/ dfWodaf6 vl/b ubf{
;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{nosf] dfu{ lgb]{zg adf]lhd ;f]xL sfof{noaf6 :yfkgf
ePsf] ljB'tLo vl/b k|0ffnLdf cfj4 eO{ ljB'tLo ;+rf/sf] dfWodaf6 vl/b sf/afxL ug'{
kg]{5 .
@@%= nfu]sf] vr{ / ;]jf z'Ns lng] u/L sfo{ (Rechargable Work) ug]M{ -!_ k|flws/0fn]
cfkm\gf] ;fwg >f]t pknJw u/fO{ u|fxs jf cGosf] sfo{ ug{ Eofpg] ePdf P]gsf] bkmf
163

!^ cg';f/ Jofkfl/s l;4fGt cg';/0f u/L nfu]sf] lhG;L tyf Hofnfsf] hDdf vr{sf]
bz k|ltzt ;]jf z'Ns lng] u/L To:tf] sfo{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@@^= Hofnfsf] b//]6M k|flws/0fsf] s'g} sfd Hofnfbf/Laf6 u/fpbf Hofnfsf] b//]6 ;DjlGwt
:yfgLo k|zf;gn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 . :yfgLo k|zf;gaf6 lgwf{/0f gePsf
Hofnfsf b/ Ps tx dflysf clws[taf6 utjif{sf] b/nfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ :jLs[t ug'{ kg]{5 .
@@&= ;]jf pknJw u/fpg]M g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfof{no jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj jf
lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cg'bfgaf6 ;+rflnt cGo s'g}
;+ul7t ;+:yf jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt sfof{noaf6 cg'dlt k|fKt JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf
jf sDkgLnfO{ jf ljb]zL ;/sf/ jf lghsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] ;+:yfnfO{ k|flws/0fn]
dfn;fdfg jf lgdf{0fsf] sfd jf tT;DaGwL k/fdz{ ;]jf pknJw u/fpg ;Sg]5 . o;
;DjGwL clwsf/ d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tdf lglxt /xg]5 . ;]jf z'Ns ;DaGwdf d'Vo
k|zf;sLo clws[tn] u7g u/]sf] ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@@*= ljB't z'Ns jf ;]jf z'Ns ;DaGwL lx;fa ldnfg ug]{ jf ;dfof]hg ug]{M k|flws/0fsf
u|fxssf] ljln sfo{df c+s ul0ftLo q'6L ePdf ;f] sf] ldnfg ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vn]
ug{ ;Sg]5 . ld6/sf] dN6LKnfO{ km\ofS6/df km/s k/]sf] jf o:t} cGo sf/0faf6 5'6
lan ug'{ kg]{ b]lvPdf jf u|fxsnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] landf 36fpg' kg]{ ePdf clwsf/
k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] :jLs[ltdf lx;fa ldnfg ug{ jf ;dfof]hg ug{' kg]{5 .
@@(= j}b]lzs C0f jf cg'bfg cGtu{t vl/b ;DaGwL Joj:yfM o; ljlgodfanLdf cGoq
h'g;'s} s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] ePtf klg bft[ kIf;+u ePsf] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd ;f] kIfsf]
vl/b lgb]{lzsf -k|f]Sof]/d]G6 ufO{8nfOG;_ cg'?k vl/b ug'{ kg]{ ePdf o; ljlgodfjnLsf
k|s[of ckgfpg' kg{] 5}g .
@#)= jfwf c8\rg km'sfpg]M o; ljlgodfjnLdf n]lvPsf] s"g} s"/f sfof{Gjog ug{ afwf
c8\rg k/]df ;ldltn] To:tf] afwf c8\rg km'sfpg cfjZos lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@#!= vf/]hL tyf arfp M -!_ g]kfn laB't k|flws/0f, cfly{s k|zf;g ljlgodfjnL , @)^@
vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .
-@_ g]kfn laB't k|flws/0f, cfly{s k|zf;g ljlgodfjnL, @)^* ;+u g]kfn laB't
k|flws/0fsf cGo ljlgodfjnL aflemPdf aflemPsf] xb;Dd o;} cg's'n ;+zf]wg ePsf]
dflgg]5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf Joj:yf adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd
sf/jfxL o;} ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .

164

cg';"rL !
-ljlgod @ -_ / -5_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
sfof{nox?sf]] gfd
l;=g+=
!=
@=
#=
$
%=
^=
&=
*=
(=
!)=
!!=
!@=
!#=
!$=
!%=
!^=
!&
!*

sfof{nosf] gfd
;+:yfut -s]Gb|Lo_ sfof{no
dxfk|jGwssf] sfof{no
If]qLo sfof{no
tfnLd s]Gb|
df6f] 9'+uf tyf s+lqm6 k|of]uzfnf
ljt/0f s]Gb|
zfvf sfof{no
hn ljB't s]Gb|
l8h]n s]Gb|
lu|8 ;+rfng ljefu
k|;f/0f lu|8 dxfzfvfzfvf
;fgf hnljB't s]Gb|
;f}o{ zlQm s]Gb|
kf]n KnfG6
s]Gb|Lo js{;k
kl/of]hgf / cfof]hgf
cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f sfof{no
;ldltn] ;do ;dodf tf]s]sf cGo sfof{no .

165

cg';"rL @
-ljlgod @ sf] v08 -km_ tyf ljlgod $ ;+u ;DalGwt_
clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] txut clwsf/
v08

ljlgod

!( -!)_

$%-!_,
$^-!_

ljifo
cltly ;Tsf/ vr{sf]
:jLs[lt lbg] .

lnnfd ljs|Lsf] :jLs[lt

lbg] .

txut clwsf/
sfof{no k|d'v -^ / & tx_

Ps k6sdf kfFr ;o ?k}of;Dd

sfof{no k|d'v -*, ( / !) tx_

Ps k6sdf b'O{ xhf/ ?k}of;Dd

lgb]{zs

Ps k6sdf kfFr xhf/ ?k}of;Dd

dxfk|jGws . pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs

Ps k6sdf bz xhf/ ?k}of;Dd

d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t

cfjZostfg';f/

sfof{no k|d'v -tx *, ( / !)_

k/ndf]n v'n]sf]df b'O{ nfv ?k}ofF jf k/ndf]n

gv'n]sf]df d"Nof+lst /sdsf] krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF jf
b'j} u/L b'O{ nfv krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
k/n d"No kGw| nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] dfn;fdfg jf k/n
d"No gv'n]sf]df d"Nof+lst /sd tLg nfv ?k}ofF jf
b'j} u/]/ c7f/ nfv ?k}ofF;Dd
k/n d"No rfnL; nfv ?k}ofF / d"No gv'n]sf]df
d"Nof+lst /sd bz nfv ?k}ofF jf b'j} u/]/ krf;
nfv ?k}ofF;Dd
k/n d"No Ps s/f]8 krf; nfv ?k}ofF / d"No
gv'n]sf]df d"Nof+lst /sd krf; nfv ?k}ofF jf b'j}
u/]/ b'O{ s/f]8 ?k}ofF;Dd

lgb]{zs
dxfk|aGwspk sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t

166

v08
u

ljlgod

ljifo

txut clwsf/

%#-!_/-@_ lhG;L dfn;fdfgsf] ldGxf dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs

lbg] -nut s6[f_ :jLs[lt
ug]{]
d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t
;ldlt

%# -%_

ldGxf lbg] -ljB't dxz'n

jfx]s yk z'Ns / cGo
z'Ns_ :jLs[lt ug]{]

%$-!_ sf] k]ZsL :jLs[lt ug]{]

-s_, -v_,
-u_, -_
/ -r_

dxfk|aGwspk sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs

Ps k6sdf lstfaL d"Nosf] bz xhf/ / cfly{s aif{

e/Ldf Ps nfv ?k}of;Dd
Ps k6sdf lstfaL d"Nosf] krf; xhf/ / cfly{s
aif{ e/Ldf aL; nfv ?k}of;Dd
lstfaL d"Nosf] aL; nfv ?k}of eGbf a9Lsf]

;ldlt

Ps k6sdf kfFr xhf/ / cfly{s aif{ e/Ldf krf;

xhf/ ?k}of;Dd
Ps k6sdf bz xhf/ / cfly{s aif{ e/Ldf kfFr nfv
?k}of;Dd
kfFr nfv ?k}of eGbf a9L

sfof{no k|d'v -^ / & tx_

Ps k6sdf k|lt sd{rf/L kfFr xhf/ ?k}of;Dd

sfof{no k|d'v -* / ( tx_

Ps k6sdf k|lt sd{rf/L bz xhf/ ?k}of;Dd

sfof{no k|d'v -!) tx_

Ps k6sdf k|lt sd{rf/L kGw| xhf/ ?k}of;Dd

lgb]{zs

Ps k6sdf k|lt sd{rf/L kRrL; xhf/ ?k}of;Dd

dxfk|jGws . pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs

Ps nfv ?k}of;Dd

d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t

kfFr nfv ?k}of;Dd

d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t

%$-!_ sf] k]ZsL lbg] -7]Ssf ;Demf}tf sfof{no k|d'v -tx ^ / &_
-3_, %& - cg';f/_ :jLs[lt ug]{]
sfof{no k|d'v -tx * / (_
!_ / -@_
sfof{no k|dv
' k|jGws;x lgb]{zs tx !)_

167

kfFr nfv ?k}of;Dd

aL; nfv ?k}of;Dd
Ps s/f]8 ?k}of;Dd

v08

ljlgod

ljifo

txut clwsf/
lgb]{zs

b'O{ s/f]8 Rffln; nfv ?k}of;Dd

dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs

5 s/f]8 ?k}of;Dd

d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t

vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ cg';f/ ;Dk"0f{

*$, *%, Dffn;fdfg lgdf{0f sfo{ /

*^ / ** cGo ;]jfsf] nfut
cg'dfg l:js[t ug]{

sfof{no k|d'v -tx ^ / &_

sfof{no k|d'v -tx * / (_
sfof{no k|d'v -tx !)_
lgb]{zs
dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t
;ldlt

;ft nfv ?k}of;Dd

krf; nfv ?k}of;Dd
Ps s/f]8 ?k}of;Dd
tLg s/f]8 ?k}of;Dd
aL; s/f]8 ?k}of;Dd
RffnL; s/f]8 ?k}of;Dd
RffnL; s/f]8 ?k}of eGbf dfly

*$ /
*&

k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nfut

cg'dfg :jLs[lt ug]{]

lgb]{zs
dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t
;ldlt

b'O{ nfv ?k}of ;Dd

cf7 nfv ?k}of;Dd
krf; nfv ?k}of;Dd
krf; nfv ?k}of eGbf dfly

em

&^, !%^,
!%&,
!&*

l;naGbL b/efp kq,

sfof{no k|d'v -^ / & tx_
af]nkqf/f lgdf{0f sfo{,
sfof{no k|d'v -* / ( tx_
dfn;fdfg tyf cGo ;]jf sfof{no k|d'v -!) tx_
vl/bsf] :jLs[lt ug]{]
lgb]{zs
dxfk|jGws pksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t
;ldlt
168

kRrL; nfv ?k}of;Dd

Ps s/f]8 ?k}of;Dd
kfFr s/f]8 ?k}of;Dd
bz s/f]8 ?k}of;Dd
tL; s/f]8 ?k}of;Dd
krf; s/f]8 ?k}of;Dd
krf; s/f]8 ?k}of eGbf dfly

v08

ljlgod

ljifo

!&% -#_

k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj

:jLs[t ug]{

tx !) sf] cfof]hgf k|d'v

lgb]{zs
dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t
;ldlt

b'O{ nfv ?k}of;Dd

tLg nfv ?k}of;Dd
bz nfv ?k}of;Dd
kfFr s/f]8 ?k}of;Dd
kfFr s/f]8 ?k}of eGbf dfly

!&(-!_

Psn b/efp kq :jLs[t

ug]{

sfof{no k|d'v -tx ^ / &_

sfof{no k|d'v -tx * / (_
sfof{no k|d'v -tx !)_ / ;f] eGbf
dfly
lgb]{zs jf ;f] eGbf dfly

krf; xhf/ ?k}of;Dd

Ps nfv ?k}of;Dd
Ps nfv krf; xhf/ ?k}of;Dd
Ps k6sdf kfFr nfv ?k}of+;Dd

x]lnsK6/af6 9'jfgL ubf{

:jLs[t ug]{

txut clwsf/

!&(-*_u_

k|f]k|fO6/L ;fdfg vl/b

ug{ :jLs[lt ug]{]

dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t
;ldlt

Ps k6sdf Ps s/f]8 ?k}of;Dd

Ps k6sdf b'O{ s/f]8 ?k}of;Dd
b'O{ s/f]8 ?k}of eGbf dfly

!*!

3/ hUUff ef8fdf lng

:jLs[lt ug]{]

sfof{no k|d'v -tx ^ / &_

sfof{no k|d'v -tx * / (_
sfof{no k|d'v -tx !)_
lgb]{zs
dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t
;ldlt

aflif{s
aflif{s
aflif{s
aflif{s
aflif{s
aflif{s
aflif{s

169

;f\7L xhf/ ?k}of;Dd

Ps nfv jL; xhf/ ?k}of;Dd
Ps nfv c;L xhf/ ?k}of;Dd
b'O{ nfv rfln; xhf/ ?k}of;Dd
tLg nfv ?k}of;Dd
gf} nfv ;f7L xhf/ ?k}of;Dd
gf} nfv ;f7L xhf/ ?k}of eGbf dfly

v08

ljlgod

ljifo

txut clwsf/

cGo ;DklQ ef8fdf lng]

lgb]{zs
dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t

Ps k6sdf kRrL; xhf/ ?k}of;Dd

Ps k6sdf krf; xhf/ ?k}of;Dd
Ps k6sdf kfFr nfv ?k}of;Dd

!(^ -!_ - e]l/Pzg cfb]z hf/L ug{

s_
:jLs[lt ug]{]

sfof{no k|d'v -!) tx_

sfof{no k|d'v -!! tx_
dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t
;ldlt

;Demf}tf
;Demf}tf
;Demf}tf
;Demf}tf
;Demf}tf

0f

!(* -@_

sfof{no k|d'v -^ b]vL tx !) ;Dd_

lgb]{zsIf]qLo lgb]{zs

d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t

cfk"mn] :jLs[t u/]sf] 7]Ssfdf tLg dlxgf;Dd

cfk"mn] :jLs[t u/]sf] 7]Ssfdf tLg dlxgf;Dd
cGt/ut sfof{noaf6 k]z ePsf]df rf/ dlxgf;Dd
cfk"mn] :jLs[t u/]sf] 7]Ssfdf tLg dlxgf;Dd
cGt/ut sfof{noaf6 k]z ePsf]df 5 dlxgf;Dd
cfjZostfg';f/

Dofb yksf] :jLs[lt ug]{]

dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs

/sdsf]
/sdsf]
/sdsf]
/sdsf]
/sdsf]

tLg k|ltzt;Dd
kfFr k|ltzt;Dd
bz k|ltzt;Dd
kGw| k|ltzt;Dd
kGw| k|ltzt eGbf dfly

@@@

cltl/Qm ;do sfddf

nufpg] -n]vf k|zf;gsf
sd{rf/LnfO{ sfddf
nufpg :jLs[lt ug]{]

sfof{no k|d'v -tx ^ / &_

sfof{no k|d'v -tx * / (_
sfof{no k|d'v -tx !)_
lgb]{zs
dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t

dfl;s tL; 306fdf ga9\g] u/L b}lgs b'O{ 3G6f

dfl;s rfnL; 306fdf ga9\g] u/L b}lgs b'O{ 3G6f
dfl;s krf; 306fdf ga9\g] u/L b}lgs b'O{ 3G6f
dfl;s ;f7L 306fdf ga9\g] u/L b}lgs tLg 3G6f
cfjZostfg';f/
cfjZostfg';f/

@@@

cltl/Qm ;do sfddf

sfof{no k|d'v -tx ^, &, * / (_

dfl;s krkGg 306fdf ga9\g] u/L

170

v08

ljlgod

@@@

ljifo

txut clwsf/

nufpg -;fO{6df sfd

nufpbf_ :jLs[lt ug]{]

sfof{no k|d'v -tx !)_

lgb]{zs
dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t

dfl;s krxQ/ 306fdf ga9\g] u/L

dfl;s c;L 306fdf ga9\g] u/L
cfjZostfg';f/
cfjZostfg';f/

cltl/Qm ;do sfddf

nufpg -l;K6 8\o'6Ldf
sfd nufpbf k|lt lbg_
:jLs[lt ug]{]

sfof{no k|d'v -tx ^, &, *,( / !)_

;fj{hlgs ljbfdf * 306f / cGo lbg b}lgs @

306f;Dd
cfjZostf cg';f/

lgb]{zs

@@%

nfUg] vr{ / z]jf z'Ns

sfof{no k|d'v -^ / & tx
lnO{ sfo{ ug]{ :jLs[lt lbg] sfof{no k|d'v -* / ( tx_
sfof{no k|d'v k|jGws;x lgb]{zs
lgb]{zsIf]qLo lgb]{zs
dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t
;ldlt

Ps k6sdf b'O{ nfv ?k}of;Dd

Ps k6sdf kfFr nfv ?k}of;Dd
Ps k6sdf bz nfv ?k}of;Dd
Ps k6sdf krf; nfv ?k}of;Dd
Ps k6sdf Ps s/f]8 ?k}of ;Dd
Ps k6sdf tLg s/f]8 ?k}of ;Dd
tLg s/f]8 ?k}of eGbf dfly

@@*

ljB't z'Ns jf ;]jf

z'Ns;DaGwL lx;fj
ldnfg ug]{ jf ;dfof]hg
ug{ :jLs[lt ug]{]

Ps k6sdf b'O{ xhf/ ?k}of;Dd

Ps k6sdf kf+r xhf/ ?k}of;Dd
Ps k6sdf bz xhf/ ?k}of;Dd
Ps k6sdf krf; xhf/ ?k}of;Dd
Ps k6sdf nfv ?k}of;Dd
Ps k6sdf b'O{ nfv ?k}of;Dd
b'O{ nfv ?k}of eGbf dfly

sfof{no k|d'v -^ / & tx

sfof{no k|d'v -* / ( tx_
sfof{no k|d'v k|jGws;x lgb]{zs
lgb]{zsIf]qLo lgb]{zs
dxfk|jGwspksfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[t
;ldlt

171

cg';"rL #
-ljlgod ( sf] pkljlgod -&_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f

= = =ljefudxfzfvfzfvf

a}+s hdfgtsf] clen]v

l;=g+=

a}+s hdfgt
k]z ug]{sf]
JolQm, kmd{,
;+:yf jf
sDkgLsf]
gfd

a}+s hdfgtsf]
lsl;d -lj8
a08k/km/d]G;
a08k]ZsLsf]
nflu k]z u/]sf]
a08_

a}+s hdfgt
hf/L ug]{
j}+ssf] gfd /
7]ufgf

a}b]zL a}+saf6
hf/L ePsf] a}+s
hdfgt eP
OG8f];{ ug]{
:jb]zL a}+ssf]
gfd / 7]ufgf

a}+s
hdfgt
hf/L
ldlt

a}+s
a}+s
hdfgt hdfgt
hf/L
dfGo
/sd / /x]sf]
d'b|f
cjlw

=========================
vl/b O{sfO k|d'v

172

a}+s
hdfgtsf]
cjlw yk
ePsf] eP
;f] sf]
cjlw

a}+s hdfgt hkmt ug'{ kg]{ cj:yfdf

;DaGwLt a}+sdf
bfjL k7fPsf]
ldlt

======================
sfof{no k|d'v

bfjL /sd k|fKt

ePsf] ldlt

s}lkmot

cg';"rL $
-ljlgod !# sf] pkljlgod -$_ tyf ljlgod !& ;+u ;DjlGwt_
cfo Joosf] cg'dflgt ljj/0f
-s_

-v_
-u_
-3_

-_

cfosf] cg'dflgt ljj/0f

-!_ jlu{s[t u|fxs ju{ cg';f/ ljB't ljqmL ljj/0f .
-@_ jlu{s[t u|fxs ;+Vof .
-#_ pTkfbg o'lg6 ljj/0f .
-c_ cfGtl/s pTkfbg o'lg6
-!_ hnljB't pTkfbg o'lg6 .
-@_ l8h]n kfj/xfp;af6 pTkflbt o'lg6 .
-cf_ ljB't vl/b o'lg6
-!_
ef/taf6 x'g] vl/b o'lg6 .
-@_
:jtGq ljB't pTkfbgstf{x?af6 x'g] vl/b o'lg6 .
-#_
ljB't zlQm ;Gt'ng ljj/0f (Energy Balance Sheet)
cfGtl/s >f]t cg'dfg
-!_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] z]o/ nufgL .
-@_ cfGtl/s k"FhL ahf/af6 p7fO{g] /sdsf] cg'dfg .
j}b]lzs C0f tyf ;xof]u
-!_ j}b]lzs C0f ;xof]usf] ;Demf}tf cg';f/ k|fKt x'g] /sdsf] cg'dfg .
-@_ j}b]lzs cg'bfg ;xof]u cg';f/ k|fKtx'g] /sdsf] cg'dfg .
k"FhLut vr{sf] cg'dflgt ljj/0f
-!_ k|flws/0fsf] >f]tsf] k"FhLut vr{ cg'dfgdf lgDg laa/0f x'g' kg]{5M
-c_ rfn" jif{df ;DkGg u/L k"+hLs/0f x'g] sfo{x? .
-cf_ utaif{sf] k|fyldstfdf /x]sf ;DkGg x'g g;s]sf cw'/f k"FhLut sfo{ .
-O_ kl/dflh{t k|fyldstf qmddf sfof{Gjog x'g] k|:tfljt sfo{qmd .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/ / k|flws/0fsf] ;+o'Qm nufgLsf] k"FhLut vr{ cg'dfg ubf{ lgDg
laa/0f x'g kg]{5M
-c_ cfjlws of]hgfn] nIo u/]sf] sfdsf] ljj/0f .
-cf_ rfn" cfof]hgfdf eO/x]sf] sfdsf] ljj/0f .
-O_ rfn" jif{;Dddf ;DkGg x'g g;Sg] eO{ cfufdL jif{df ug'{ kg]{ jf ;DkGg
u/L ;Sg' kg]{ sfdsf] /sdut laa/0f .
-O{_ j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf ;DjGwdf ;Demf}tf cg';f/sf] cjlwdf ug'{ kg]{ sfdsf]
ljj/0f .
;+rfng ;Def/ vr{sf] cg'dflgt ljj/0fM
-!_ :jLs[t b/jGbL / sfo{/t sd{rf/L ljj/0f .
-@_ lgoldt vr{sf] sfo{qmdsf] d'Vo d'Vo sfo{ut nfut ljj/0f .
-#_ ;'wf/fTds vr{ (Preventive) sfo{qmdsf] d'Vo d'Vo nfut ljj/0f .
173

-$_ sfof{nosf]] lhG;L df}Hbftsf] auL{s/0fsf] ;f/f+zut /sd ljj/0f .

-%_ sfof{nosf] /sdut lhG;L vl/bsf] cg'dflgt ljj/0f .
-^_ lhG;L k|jfxsf] cg'dflgt ljj/0f .
-&_ ut jif{sf] d'Vo d'Vo sfo{ut nfut ljj/0f .
-r_ k|If]lkt ljQLo ljj/0f
-!_ k|If]lkt gfkmf gf]S;fg lx;fj .
-@_ k|If]lkt jf;nft .
-#_ k|If]lkt gub k|jfx .
-$_ :jfldTj c+zdf (Equity) ePsf] kl/jt{g ljj/0f .
cg';"rL %
-ljlgod #* sf] pkljlgod -(_ ;+u ;DjlGwt_
Gf]kfn laB't k||flws/0f
============
a/a'emf/y k|df0fkq
o; ==================== k||flws/0fsf ==========>L ==================== ====================n] cfkm\gf]]
lhDdfdf /x]sf] k||flws/0fsf] gubL, lhG;L sfuhkq / cGo ;DklQx? lghsf] xfnjfnf tf]lsPsf]
sd{rf/LnfO{ a'emfO{ ;Sg' ePsf] k|dfl0ft ul/G5 .

======================
:6f]/ k|d'v

===========================
n]vf k|d'v

174

=========================
sfof{no k|d'v

cg';"rL ^
-ljlgod #* sf] pkljlgod -(_ ;+u ;DjlGwt_

g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f

= = =ljefudxfzfvfzfvf
a/a'emf/y u/]sf] k|df0f
o; ==================== k||flws/0fsf ==========>L ==================== ====================n] cfkm\gf]] lhDdfdf /x]sf] b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] k||flws/0fsf] gubL, lhG;L, sfuhkq / ljj/0fx? o; ==================== k||flws/0fsf xfnjfnf
==========>L ==================== ==================== nfO{ j/j'emf/y u/L lnof}+lbof}+M
-s_ sfof{no k|d'vsf] nfluM
!= gLltut lg0f{o / cGo cfkm\gf] lhDdfdf /x]sf kmfOnx?sf] kl~hsf ;lxtsf] ljj/0f .
@= lg0f{osf qmddf /x]sf kmfOnx?sf] l:ylt ljj/0f .
#= ;?jf x'Fbf;Ddsf] ah]6sf] t'ngfdf -k"FhLut / ;+rfng ;+ef/sf] 5'6[f5'6[}_ vr{ k|ltzt .
$= 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfx? (Contract Agreements) sf] ljj/0f / ;DjlGwt kmfOnx?
%= k|fljlws l:ylt / cljnDj ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] ljj/0f
^= rfn" cf=j= sf] k"Flhut tyf ;+rfng ;+ef/ sfo{x?sf] nIo / k|ult l:ylt .
&= ut b'O{ jif{ b]lv xfn;Ddsf] ljB't r'xfj6 l:ylt / ;f] ;DjGwL ljj/0fx? .
*= lhDd]jf/L tf]lsPsf] sd{rf/Lx?n] ug'{ kg]{ d'Vo sfo{x?sf] ljj/0f .
(= b/jGbL tyf df}h'bf sd{rf/Lx? -s/f/ / b}lgs Hofnfbf/L ;d]t_ sf] ljj/0f .
!)= ut b'O{ jif{ b]lv xfn;Ddsf] ljB't ljqmLsf] t'ngfdf ;+sngsf] k|ltzt .
!!= lnnfdldGxf ;DjGwL eP u/]sf] sfd / ;f] sf] l:ylt .
!@= cfjf;u[x k|of]u u/]sf] eP k|of]udf NofOPsf ;j} ;fdfgx?sf] gfd ;lxtsf] ljj/0f .
!#= e'QmfgL lbg jfFsL /x]sf cf;fdLx?sf] /sd ;lxtsf] ljj/0f .
!$= :yL/ ;DklQ ef}lts k/LIf0fsf] :yLlt
-v_ n]vf k|d'vsf] nfluM
!= cl3Nnf] dlxgf;Ddsf] ;+t'ng k/LIf0f .
@= cl3Nnf jif{x?sf] j]?h"sf] l:ylt / km5\of}{6sf] nflu e}/x]sf] sf/jfxLsf] l:ylt .
#= lg0f{osf kmfOnx? .
$= ;+rfngdf /x]sf] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf / ;f] sf] l:ylt .
%= ljleGg Pn=;L= / ;f] sf] l:ylt .
^= Dofb ;dfKt x'g] tflnsf ;lxtsf] k/km/d]G;j08 / hdfgL kqx?sf] ljj/0f .
&= lx;fj lstfj tyf n]vf ljj/0fx?sf] lhDdf /x]sf] JolQmsf] ljj/0f .
*= OG6/ o'lg6 lx;fj ldnfg eP gePsf] l:ylt .
(= ah]6sf] t'ngfdf vr{sf] k|ltzt -;+rfng ;+ef/ / k"Flhut j]Unfj]Un}_
!)= e'QmfgL lng jfFsL /x]sf] /sd ;lxtsf] ljj/0f .
!!= j}+s Jofn]G;, gubL lx;fj, r]s j's / ;f] ;DjGwL ;j} j}+s vftfsf] ljj/0f .
!@= cfGtl/s tyf clGtd n]vf kl/If0f s'g ldlt ;Ddsf] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 ;f] sf] ljj/0f .
-u_
!=
@=
#=

:6f]/ k|d'vsf] nfluM

:6s n]h/ adf]lhd ;dfgsf] e]l/lkms];gsf] ljj/0f .
k"FhLut vr{ ;DjGwL :6f]/ O:o"sf] ef}r/x? / lhDdf lng] JolQmx?sf] ljj/0f .
k"/fgf lkmtf{ cfPsf ;fdfgx?sf] ljj/0f / ;f] sf] nut .
175

$= :6f]/ 6fG;km/ e} cfPsf / uPsf ;fdfgx?sf] ef}r/ ;xLtsf] nut .

%= lhG;L df}Hbftsf] ljj/0f .
^= sd{rf/Lx?n] j'em]sf -vr{ gx'g]_ ;fdfgx?sf] JolQmut n]h/ .
&= :6f]/ ;DjGwL cGo d'Vo d'Vo s'/fx? g5'6\g] u/L tof/ kfl/Psf] ljj/0f .
-3_ k|zf;g k|d'vsf] nflu
!= sfof{nodf /x]sf sd{rf/Lx?sf] JolQmut kmfOn .
@= sd{rf/Lx?sf] ljbfsf] ljj/0f, ljbfsf] ;6[f tnj lnPsf]df ;+lrt ljbfdf s6[L ePgePsf]
l:yltsf] ljj/0f .
#= cf}ifwL pkrf/ vr{sf] clen]v .
$= sfof{no ejg tyf sfof{nox?sf] ljj/0f .
%= sfof{nosf] hUufsf] ljj/0f / ;Ssn nfnk"hf{ tyf gfkL gS;fx?sf] ljj/0f .
^= sd{rf/LnfO{ ul/Psf] ljefluo sf/jfxLsf] ljj/0f .
&= ljutjif{x?sf] xflh/L /lhi6/ / ;f] sf] nut .
*= sd{rf/L tYof ljj/0f . -hGdldlt, lgo'lQm ldlt, :yfoL ldlt / a9'jf ldlt_
(= s/f/ / Hofnfbf/L sd{rf/Lsf] clen]v
j'emfpg]
x:tfIf/M
gfdM
kbM
ldltM

j'lemlng]
x:tfIf/M
gfdM
kbM
ldltM

/f]xj/ M
x:tfIf/ M
gfd M
kb M
ldlt M

176

cg';"rL &
-ljlgod %( sf] pkljlgod -@_ ;+u ;DjlGwt_

g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f

= = =ljefudxfzfvfzfvf
k|lttkq clen]v
vf=kf=g+=
l;=g+=

k|lttkq
g+= /
ldlt

k|lttkq
vf]lnPsf]]
kmd{sf]
gfd

/sd
/
d'b|f

ljifo /
7]Ssf cjlw
;Demf}tf

k|lttkq
vf]n]sf]
j}+ssf]
gfd /
7]ufgf

Dofb
k]ZsL ;fdfg pTklQ ePsf]
jGb
jGb
k|yd
yk
vftf
x'g]
ePsf]
pTkfbg
ePsf]
ls:tf
u/]sf]
kfgf b]z
ldlt
ldlt
ldlt
/
df]
8
]
n
ldlt
g+=

=========================
n]vf k|d'v
r9fpg]sf] gfd y/M
;xLM
ldltM

e'QmfgL cfb]z /sd

bf];|f]
t];|f]
ls:tf ls:tf

======================
sfof{no k|d'v
k|dfl0ft ug]{sf] gfd y/ M
;xL M
ldlt M

177

hDdf

s}lkmot

cg';"rL *
-ljlgod () sf] pkljlgod -#_ ;+u ;DjlGwt_

g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f

cfO6d
cfO6d -!_
cfO6d -@_
cfO6d -#_
OToflb

lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut Oli6d]6 lgsfNg] tl/sf

O{sfO{
cfO6dsf] hDdf cfO6dsf] hDdf
b//]6
kl/df0f
-r_
-5_
-h_

-6_
-7_
-8_

cfO6dsf]
hDdf vr{
-r_ X -6_
-5_ X -7_
-h_ X -8_

hf]8 = -j_ = -rX6+5X7+hX8 + =====================================_

js{ rf6{ :6fkm vr{ -j_ sf] @=% k|ltztn] = )=)@%X-t_
;fgfltgf cGo vr{ -j_ sf] @=% k|ltztn] = )=)@%X-t_
hDdf nut Oli6d]6 c = !=)% X -t_
gf]6 M af]nkqsf] cnfO{ t'ngf ubf{ nut Oli6d]6sf] c -j_ nfO{ dflgg' k5{ .
cfO6dsf] hDdf -s"n_ b//]6 lgsfNg] tl/sfM
>ldsx?sf] vr{ ===========================================================-s_
lgdf{0f ;fdfu|Lsf] vr{ ==============================================
-v_
oflGqs pks/0fsf] ef8f -t}No kbfy{ ;lxt_ =================
-u_
af:tljs b//]6 -s+v+u_ = -3_
cf]e/x]8 -3 sf] !% k|=z=_ )=!% X -_

gf]6M

hDdf b//]6 -_ = !=!% X -3_

pk/f]Qm cg';f/ nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L;s]kl5 ah]6 Joj:yfkgsf] nflu
cfjZostfg';f/ hDdf nfut cg'dfgdf d"No ;dfof]hg slG6Gh]G;L jfkt !)
k|ltztn], lkmlhsn slG6Gh]G;L jfkt !) k|ltztn] / d"No clea[lWb s/ /sd ;d]t
yk u/L nfut cg'dfg sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .

178

cg';"rL (
-lgod (& sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
dfn;fdfg jf cGo ;]jfsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf
dfn;fdfg jf cGo ;]jf vl/b ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;Demf}tf dWo] s'g} Ps ;Demf}tf u/L
vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5 M
-s_ vf; dfn;fdfg jf cGo ;]jf cfk"lt{ ;Demf}tfM s'g} vf; sfdsf] nflu cfjZos
kg]{ sRrf kbfy{, pks/0f, kmdf{:o'l6sN;, cf}iflw, cf}hf/ jf cGo o:t} ljz]if
k|s[ltsf dfn;fdfg vl/b ug{sf] nflu vf; dfn;fdfg jf cGo ;]jf cfk"lt{
;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-v_ ;+/rgfTds jf PsfO{ b/ ;Demf}tfM vl/b ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt dfn;fdfg jf
cGo ;]jf k|flws/0fn] dfu u/]sf] ;dodf vl/b ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt b/ / zt{
adf]lhd Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L cfk"lt{stf{af6 k|fKt ug]{ Joj:yf ug{sf] nflu
;+/rgfTds jf PsfO{ b/ ;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
of] ;Demf}tfdf k|flws/0fn] vl/b ug]{ dfn;fdfg jf cGo ;]jfsf] Go"gtd /
clwstd kl/df0f v'nfpg' kg]{5 . of]] ;Demf}tf ;fdfGotof Ps jif{ eGbf j9L
cjlwsf] x'g] 5}g .
-u_ ax'jifL{o ;Demf}tfM b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ax'jifL{o ;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsg]5M
-!_ jflif{s vl/b ;Demf}tf u/L vl/b ug'{ eGbf ax'jifL{o ;Demf}tf u/L vl/b
ubf{ k|flws/0fnfO{ ;f/e"t ?kdf nfe x'g] ePdf,
-@_ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] cjlwdf vl/bsf] kl/df0f ;f/e"t ?kdf yk36 gx'g]
ePdf,
-#_ vl/b ;Demf}tf cjlwe/ vl/b ul/g] dfn;fdfgsf] l8hfO{g kl/jt{g
gx'g] ePdf, /
-$_ dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{;Fu ;DalGwt k|fljlws hf]lvd a9L gePdf .
-3_ l8hfO{g, cfk"lt{ / h8fg ;Demf}tfM 7"nf kfj/ KnfG6 jf kDkL :6]zg h:tf pRr
jf hl6n k|ljlw o'Qm dfn;fdfgsf] l8hfOg ug]{, lgdf{0f :yndf cfk"lt{ u/L
h8fg ug]{ k/LIf0f ;~rfng ug]{ / To:tf] dfn;fdfgsf] ;~rfng ug{
k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/LnfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ tflnd lbg] Joj:yf ug{ l8hfOg,
cfk"lt{ / h8fg ;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsg]5 . o:tf] ;Demf}tf l8hfOg, cfk"lt{ / h8fg
sfo{ dWo] s'g} b'O{ sfo{ ug{sf] nflu ;d]t ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-_ 6g{ sL ;Demf}tfM pRr k|ljlwo'Qm NkfG6sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg Ifdtf pNn]v u/L
To:tf] NkfG6sf] l8hfOg, cfk"lt{, lgdf{0f / h8fg sfo{ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v
179

eP adf]lhd ;DkGg u/L k|flws/0fnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ Joj:yf ug{sf] nflu 6g{sL
;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
gf]6M v08 -s_, -v_, -3_ / -_ adf]lhdsf ;Demf}tf jx'jifL{o ;Demf}tf ;d]t x'g
;Sg]5 .

180

cg';"rL !)
-lgod (* ;Fu ;DalGwt_
lgdf{0f sfo{sf] vl/b ;Demf}tf

-s_

-v_

-u_

-3_

-_

k|flws/0fn] s'g} lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpgsf] nflu b]xfosf] ;Demf}tf dWo] s'g} Ps ;Demf}tf ug{ ;Sg]5 M
PsfO{ b/ ;Demf}tf M lgdf{0f sfo{sf] kl/df0f ;Demf}tf x'+bfsf avt olsg gePsf] jf lgdf{0f sfo{ k|lt PsfO{
sfo{ lan ckm SjfG6L6Ldf plNnlvt b/df u/fpg] Joj:yf ug{ PsfO{ b/ ;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsg]5 . o:tf]
PsfO{ b/df af]nkqbftfn] k|:tfljt lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ;fdu|L, >d / cGo s'/f
;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
k|flws/0fn] o; ;Demf}tf adf]lhd ePsf] sfd jfkt e'QmfgL ubf{ lgdf{0f :ynsf] gfk hfFraf6 olsg
ePsf]] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] kl/df0fnfO{ k|lt PsfO{ b/n] u0fgf u/L x'g cfpg] /sd e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{5 .
Psd'i6 /sd ;Demf}tfM e"ldut kfgLsf] kfO{knfO{g h8fg h:tf gfk hfFr ug{ sl7g x'g] lgdf{0f sfo{{ jf
k'nsf] ;+/rgf h:tf gfk hfFr ug{ ;lsg] lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpg Psd'i6 /sd ;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsg]5 . of]
;Demf}tf ubf{ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DaGwL ;a} k|sf/sf hf]lvd / bfloTj lgdf{0f Joj;foLdf /xg] u/L ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ ;Demf}tf eO{ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;'? ePkl5 k|flws/0fn] lgdf{0fdf s'g} lsl;dsf] kl/jt{g ug{ cfb]z lbPsf]
sf/0fn] lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] cfly{s bfloTj j[l4 ePdf To:tf] bfloTj k|flws/0fn] Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
nfut ;f]wegf{ ;Demf}tfM lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] PsfO{ b/ ;Demf}tf adf]lhd sfd ug{ d~h'/ gug]{ jf ug{
g;Sg] 7"nf] hf]lvdo'Qm / sfd ug]{ kl/l:ylt k"jf{g'dfg ug{ g;lsg] k|s[ltsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpgsf nflu
nfut ;f]wegf{ ;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsg]5 . of] ;Demf}tf u/L ul/g] lgdf{0f sfo{ jfkt lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{
e'QmfgL lb+bf lghn] To:tf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ubf{ u/]sf] jf:tljs vr{, ;f] sfo{sf]] lz/f]ef/ vr{ / :jLs[t nfut
cg'dfgdf pNn]v ePsf] d'gfkmf ykL x'g cfPsf] /sd e'QmfgL lbg ;lsg]5 . of] ;Demf}tf u/L lgdf{0f sfo{
u/fpFbf nfut ;f]wegf{sf] clwstd /sdsf] ;Ldf lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 / a9L nfut ;f]wegf{ lbg' kg]{
ePdf d'Vo k|zf;sLo clws[tsf] k"j{ :jLs[tL lng' kg]{5 .
;do / ;fdu|L b/ ;Demf}tfM vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{] ;dodf s'g} lgdf{0f sfo{sf] dd{t ;Def/ ug{ nfUg] >d /
;fdu|Lsf] k"jf{g'dfg ug{ g;lsg] eO{ >dnfO{ ;dosf] cfwf/df / ;fdu|LnfO{ PsfO{ b/sf] cfwf/df u0fgf
u/L sfd u/fpgsf] nflu ;do / ;fdu|L b/ ;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsg]5 . of] ;Demf}tf ubf{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{
b]xfo adf]lhd e'QmfgL x'g] s'/f :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M
-!_
lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] >dnfO{ k|lt306f jf k|lt lbg jf k|lt dlxgfsf] cfwf/df ljefhg u/L x'g
cfPsf] /sddf lz/f]ef/ vr{ / :jLs[t nfut cg'dfgdf pNn]v ePsf] d'gfkmf hf]8\bf x'g cfpg]
/sd, /
-@_ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt /sdsf] ;Ldf leq /xL dd{t ;Def/ ug{ nfu]sf] ;fdu|Lsf] d"Nosf]
e'QmfgL /sd .
l8hfOg / lgdf{0f ;Demf}tfM s'g} lgdf{0f sfo{sf] l8hfOg / lgdf{0f Pp6} lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 u/fpgsf] nflu
l8hfOg / lgdf{0f ;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsg]5 . k|flws/0fn] o; ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfd ;'? ubf{ k|fljlws jf
181

-r_

-5_

-h_

k|fljlwsx?sf] ;d"xnfO{ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] l8hfO{g hfFRg nufO{ :jLs[t u/]kl5 dfq ;'? ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L
l8hfOg hfFr ug]{ k|fljlws jf k|fljlwsx?sf] ;d"xn] To:tf] l8hfO{g, 8O{ tyf nfut cg'dfg hfFr /
:jLs[t ubf{ o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd hfFr tyf :jLs[t ug]{ sfo{ljlw ckgfO{ hfFr tyf :jLs[t ug'{ kg]{5 .
Joj:yfkg ;Demf}tfM lgdf{0f sfo{sf] u'0f:t/ / ;DkGg ug]{ cjlw ;DaGwL sfg"gL Pj+ ;Demf}tfhGo bfloTj
k|flws/0f;Fu vl/b ;Demf}tf ug]{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] g} jxg ug]{ u/L To:tf] sfo{ lghsf] ;'k/Lj]If0f jf
Joj:yfkgdf ljleGg ;jsG6fs6/f/f u/fpgsf nflu Joj:yfkg ;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
of] ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfdsf] e'QmfgL k|flws/0f;Fu ;Demf}tf ug]{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ dfq lbO{{g]5 .
sfo{;Dkfbgdf cfwfl/t dd{t ;Def/ jf Joj:yfkg ;Demf}tfM s'g} lgdf{0f sfo{sf] dd{t ;Def/ jf
Joj:yfkg ug{{ cfjZos kg]{ pks/0f / ljleGg PsfO{ hGo -cfO6djfOh_ sfo{ pNn]v gu/L clGtd sfo{
;Dkfbg dfq pNn]v u/L To:tf] lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpgsf] nflu sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf cfwfl/t ;Def/ jf
Joj:yfkg ;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
lk;js{ ;Demf}tfM k6s] ?kdf u/fO{ /xg' kg]{ ;fgfltgf ;Def/ / dd{t ;DaGwL lgdf{0f sfo{ cfjZos
k/]sf avt u/fpgsf] nflu To:tf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] d"No ;"rL sfod u/L lk; js{ ;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
o; ;Demf}tfsf] cjlw ;fdfGotof Ps jif{ eGbf j9Lsf] x'g]5}g .

182

cg';"rL !!
-lgod (( ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf
k|flws/0fn] k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug{sf] nflu b]xfosf ;Demf}tf dWo] s'g} Ps ;Demf}tf u/L vl/b
ug{ ;Sg]5M
-s_ Psd'i6 /sd ;Demf}tfM ;DefJotf cWoog, cfof]hgfsf] l8hfO{g, af]nkq ;DaGwL
sfuhftsf] tof/L h:tf :ki6 ?kdf klxrfg ePsf], k/fdz{bftfdf Go"g hf]lvd /xg] /
u'0f:t/ dfkg ;lhn};Fu ug{ ;lsg] sfdsf] nflu k/fdz{ ;]jf lng Psd'i6 ;Demf}tf ug{
;lsg]5 . of] ;Demf}tfdf k/fdz{bftfn] lgwf{l/t ;dofjlw leq sfo{If]qut zt{df plNnlvt
k|fljlws ljz]iftf ePsf] sfd u/L k|flws/0f ;dIf k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{ / ;f] jfkt lghn]
;]jf z'Ns kfpg] s'/f pNn]v ug{' kg]{5 .
-v_ ;doj ;Demf}tfM lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{], 7"nf Joj;flos ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{
jf jfFw, ;'? h:tf h6Ln ;+/rgfsf] l8hfO{g ug]{ h:tf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] cjlw cg'dfg ug{
g;lsg] ePdf To:tf] sfdsf] nflu ;doj ;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsg]5 . of] ;Demf}tfdf
k/fdz{bftfsf] ;]jf z'Ns b]xfo adf]lhd to x'g] s'/f pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5M
-!_ k/fdz{bftfnfO{ vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfd ug{{ jf:tljs ?kdf nfu]sf] ;don]
;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt kfl/>ldssf] b/nfO{ u'0fg u/L cfpg] /sd,
-@_ lan e/kfO{ cg';f/sf] jf:tljs k'm6s/ vr{sf] ;f]wegf{ /sd .
-u_ sfo{ ;DkGgtfsf] cfwf/df z'Ns lbO{g] ;Demf}tfM vl/b ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ePsf] sfo{ ug{
k/fdz{bftfnfO{ cfjZos k/]sf] ;dodf jf]nfpg] u/L jf lghn] ;DkGg u/]sf] sfo{sf]
cfwf/df ;]jf z'Ns lbg] u/L k/fdz{ ;]jf lng' kbf{ sfo{ ;DkGgtfsf] cfwf/df z'Ns lbO{g]
;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsg]5 . of] k/fdz{bftfsf] ;]jf z'Ns To:tf] ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-3_ k|ltztdf cfwfl/t ;Demf}tfM dfn;fdfg lg/LIf0f ug]{ ;]jf, cfls{6]S6sf] ;]jf, ;'kl/j]If0f jf
cg'udg ;]jf jf cGo o:t} k|s[ltsf ;]jf vl/b ug{ k|ltztdf cfwfl/t ;Demf}tf ug{
;lsg]5 . of] ;Demf}tfdf k/fdz{bftfnfO{ ;]jf z'Ns lbbf+ ;DalGwt lgdf{0f sfo{ jf
cfof]hgfsf] cg'dflgt jf jf:tljs nfut jf vl/b ul/Psf] jf lg/LIf0f ul/Psf]
dfn;fdfgsf] nfutsf] k|ltzt cg';f/ lbO{g] s'/f pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
183

-_ ;]jf ;do lglZrt gePsf] ;Demf}tfM lgdf{0f sfo{ ;~rfngdf Nofpgsf nflu ;do ;dodf
cfjZos kg]{ ;Nnfxsf/, vl/b ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL ljjfb lg?k0fstf{ jf dWo:ystf{,
;+:yfut ;'wf/ jf vl/b ;DaGwL k/fdz{bftf, k|fljlws ;d:of ;dfwfgstf{ h:tf vf;
sfdsf] ;DaGwdf cfjZos k/]sf] ;dodf k/fdz{ ;]jf lngsf] nflu ;]jf ;do lglZrt
gePsf] ;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsg]5 . of] ;Demf}tfdf b]xfosf s'/f pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5M
-!_ k/fdz{bftfn] ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt sfd k|flws/0fnfO{ cfjZos k/]sf]
;dodf vl/b ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt b/df ug{' kg]{,
-@_ k/fdz{bftfnfO{ sfd ug{ jf:tljs ?kdf nfu]sf] ;dosf] cfwf/df
kfl/>lds e'QmfgL ul/g] .

184

cg';"rL!@
-ljlgod @)! sf] pkljlgod -(_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f
= = =ljefudxfzfvfzfvf
-k"Flhut tyf dd{t ;DjGwL sfo{sf] e'QmfgL ug'{ cl3 clGtd ljn;+u ;+nUg x'g' kg]{ sfuhftx?M_
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
-_
-r_
-5_
-h_

sfd u/]sf] :yfg M

sfdsf] ljj/0f M
n]vf ;+fs]lts ;+Vof / n]vfzLif{s M
:jLs[t ah]6 M
Oli6d]6 c+sM
sfd z'? ePsf] ldltM
sfd ;DkGg ePsf] ldltM
sfd ;DkGg x'Fbfsf] hDdf nfut
lhG;L vr{ M = = = = =
Hofnf vr{ M = = =
cGo vr{ M =========
===================
;fO6 OGrfh{ k|fljlws k|d'v

===================
n]vf k|d'v

===================
sfof{no k|d'v

dd{t;DaGwL sfdsf] ljj/0f pNn]v ubf{ ;+If]kdf t/ s] sfd ul/Psf] xf] k|i6 j'lemg] u/L pNn]v ug'{ kb{5 . h:t}
6jf{Og dd{t u/]sf] xf] eg] 6jf{Og dd{t dfq gn]vL 6jf{Ogdf s] dd{t ul/Psf] xf] / sxfF b]lv sxfF;Dd xf] ;f] ;d]t
vf]Ng' kb{5 . To;}u/L nfOg lj:tf/ ePsf] xf] eg] s'g ;fOhsf] tf/, s:tf] kf]n k|of]u u/L sltj6f tf/ tflgPsf] xf]
;f] ;d]t vf]Ng' kb{5 . lgdf{0f sfo{ k|ultsf] ljj/0f agfpFbf sfo{ z'? ePsf] aif{ b]lv xfn;Ddsf] vr{ ljj/0f -k|To]s
aif{sf] 5'lg] u/L_ ;d]t b]vfpg' kb{5 .
Dd{t ubf{ abnL ePsf d'Vo d'Vo ;fdfgx? h:t}M kf]n, tf/, pks/0f, 6fG;km/d/, :jLr u]o/ cflb :6f] bflvnf ePsf]
k|dfl0ft sfuhft ;lxt ;+nUg x'g' kb{5 .

185