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CONTENTS
SOIL NAIL
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN CONCEPT
MODES OF FAILURES
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
TESTING
Steel plate
CORRECT
Main reinforcement
at back of steel plate
Soil face
Shotcrete facing
Main reinforcement
Steel plate
INCORRECT
Main reinforcement
in front of steel plate
Soil face
Main reinforcement
Shotcrete facing
FACE FAILURE
G&P Geotechnics Sdn Bhd (www.gnpgroup.com.my)
INTRODUCTION
ADVANTAGES
Minimum Loss of Land
Minimum Temporary Shoring
Minimum Earthwork
SLOPE CHASING
Required
Space
INTRODUCTION
DISADVANTAGES
Nail Encroachment
Lot Boundary
DESIGN CONCEPT
Common design reference
BS8006 : Code of practice for Strengthened/
reinforcement soils and other fills (1995)
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) :
Manual for Design & Construction Monitoring
of Soil Nail Walls (1998)
Department of Transport (DoT) : Design
Manual for Roads and Bridges, Vol. 4,
Section 1, Part 4, HA68/94 (1994)
G&P Geotechnics Sdn Bhd (www.gnpgroup.com.my)
F RE
E LE
NGT
H
FIXE
DL
ENG
TH
Conditions of Contact
Surface
Clean & Plain Bar/Wire
1,500kPa
2,000kPa
3,000kPa
MODE OF FAILURES
Three Modes of External Stability
SLIDING
TOPPLING
BEARING CAPACITY
a) Face Failure
Failure Mode
Face Failure and Active Zone
Sliding Off Front of Nails
b) Pullout Failure
Failure Mode
Nails Pull Out of Resistant Zone
Failure Mode
Tensile Failure of Tendon
CONSTRUCTION
Maximum
2.0m
Backheads
Spring
Wearsleeve
Chuck
Valve
Internal
Cylinder
Distributor
Piston
Piston
Retainer
Ring
Bit
Retainder
Ring
Bit
79mm NW
Casing Advancer
75mm Tricone
Drillbit
SOIL NAIL
GROUT MIX
Specify NON-SHRINKAGE grout
W/C ratio = 0.45
Grout Mix =
GROUTING METHOD
Low pressure pump
To be grouted on the same day as drilling
Tremie bottom up with grout pipe installed
till the end of nail.
Overspill for 30 seconds
G&P Geotechnics Sdn Bhd (www.gnpgroup.com.my)
SCHEMATICS
Steel plate
CORRECT
Main reinforcement
at back of steel plate
Soil face
Shotcrete facing
Main reinforcement
Steel plate
INCORRECT
Main reinforcement
in front of steel plate
Soil face
Main reinforcement
Shotcrete facing
FACE FAILURE
G&P Geotechnics Sdn Bhd (www.gnpgroup.com.my)
HORIZONTAL DRAIN
Inserted deeper within the slope
(Weepholes likely to get clogged)
Wrapped around with geotextile (TS20)
Waterstop to be wrapped with geotextile
and secured with steel wire
G&P Geotechnics Sdn Bhd (www.gnpgroup.com.my)
HORIZONTAL DRAIN
FACING
Three types of facing
Pad Facing
Used when soil is not susceptible to surface
erosion
Presence of obstruction
Shotcrete
For soils which are prone to erosion
Grid Beam
Used when soil is not susceptible to surface
erosion
G&P Geotechnics Sdn Bhd (www.gnpgroup.com.my)
PAD FACING
SHOTCRETE FACING
PULLOUT TEST
PULLOUT TESTS
Preliminary Pull Out Test
Sacrificial test of additional point
Instrumented
With strain gauge
G&P Geotechnics Sdn Bhd (www.gnpgroup.com.my)
PULLOUT TEST
By
Ir. Dr. Gue See Sew
http://www.gnpgeo.com.my
CONTENTS
Introduction
Types of Failures
Options
- Netting
- Shotcreting
- Scaling
- Rock Bolt
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Used to stabilize weak rock mass.
Acts in the same manner as soil nail.
SLIDING FAILURE
Planar Failure
SINGLE WEDGE
/MULTIPLE INTERSECTING PLANES
WEDGE FAILURE
TOPPLING FAILURE
Toppling
Failure Zone
Wedge Failure
Zone
OPTIONS
Shotcreting
To prevent loose rocks from falling
Scaling
To chisel off small loose rocks
Rock Bolt
To stabilize large rock mass
NETTING
SCALING
SHOTCRETING
ROCK BOLT
Ff
Fg
Fgy
Fgx
Fgx = F f
mg sin ' = mg cos '
sin ' = cos '
sin '
=
cos '
= tan '
G&P Geotechnics Sdn Bhd (www.gnpgroup.com.my)
ROCK BOLT
GROUT
FAILURE PLANE
G&P Geotechnics Sdn Bhd (www.gnpgroup.com.my)
SCHEMATICS
CENTRALIZER
CONCLUSION
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