FACULTY OF CHEMICAL & NATURAL RESOURCES ENGINEERING

FINAL EXAMINATION
COURSE

: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

COURSE CODE

: BKF1243

LECTURER

: EMAN N. AL!
FARHAN BINTI MOHD SAID

DATE

: 8 JANUARY 2014

DURATION

: 3 HOURS

SESSION/SEMESTER

: SESSION 2013/2014 SEMESTER I

PROGRAMME CODE : BKBIBKC/BKG

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE:
1.
2.
3.
4.

This question paper consists of FOUR (4) questions. Answer ALL questions.
All answers to a new question should start on new page.
All the calculations and assumptions must be clearly stated.
Candidates are not allowed to bring any material other than those allowed by
the invigilator into the examination room.

EXAMINATION REQUIREMENT:
1.

APPENDICES - List of Formulas and Statistic Tables

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of EIGHT (8) printed pages including front page.

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BKBIBKC/BKG/13141/BKF1243

QUESTION 1
Industrial pollutant which dumped into a body of water can reduce the dissolved oxygen
concentration and affect the aquatic species. One example is at Sungai Gebeng. As a
Chemical Analyst, you are asked to take the reading of dissolved oxygen from the same
location at Sungai Gebeng for 8 days. Data is shown in Table 1. Some Scientists think
that 5.0 ppm of dissolved oxygen level is marginal for fish to live.
Table 1: Daily Dissolved oxygen reading of Sungai Gebeng
Day

Dissolved 02 (PPM)

4.9

5.1

5.6

4.3

4.7

4.9

4.5

5.1

i) Conduct a statistical test to determine whether the mean dissolved oxygen

concentration is less than 5.0 ppm at the 95% confidence level.
(14 Marks)
ii) Explain the changes that happen if the confidence level is changed to 90%?
(5 Marks)

iii)Determine if the value of 5.6 is an outlier or should be retained at a = 0.05.

(6 Marks)

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BKBIBKC/BKG/13141JBKF1243

QUESTION 2
a) Titrimetric method based on silver nitrate is sometime called argentometric
method. As a new staff member in the Fleischmann's Company, you are asked to
calculate and sketch the titration curve for the titration of 40 ml of 0.04 M NaCl
with 0.05 M AgNO3 . To sketch the curve, you should cover three reactions, which
are pre-equivalence, equivalence and post- equivalence.
Given: For AgCl,K= 1.82x10
(17 Marks)
b) Calculate the pH of a solution 0.05 M in NaHSO4 and 0.04 M in Na2SO4.
Given: For H2SO4, K 1 = strong, K2 = 1.02 x 102
(8 Marks)

QUESTION 3
Spectroscopic analytical method is one of analytical methods which are based on
measuring the amount of radiation produced or absorbed by molecular or atomic species
of interest. The absorbance and concentration relationship should follow Beer's Law.
a) Identify factors that cause the Beer's Law relationship to deviate from linearity?
(4 Marks)
b) Express the following absorbance in terms of percent transmittance:
i) 0.494
ii) 0.310
(3 Marks)

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BKB/BKC/BKG/13141/BKF1243

c) Convert the following transmittance data to absorbance:

i) 31.5%

ii) 0.103
(3 Marks)
d) A solution containing 8.75 ppm KMn04 has transmittance of 0.743 in a 1.00 cm
cell at 520 nm. Calculate:
i) The molar absorptivity of KMriO4.
(5 Marks)

ii) The absorbance of a solution in which the concentration of the complex is

2.50 M.

(2 Marks)

iii) The transmittance of the solutions in (ii).

(2 Marks)
iv) The wave number of the wave length 520 nm.
(2 Marks)
v) The absorbance of a solution that has half of the original transmittance.
(1 Mark)

e) Explain which formula expresses the total energy E associated with a molecule.
(1 Mark)

Illustrate the energy level diagram in case of absorption and emission.

(2 Mark)

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BKB/BKC/BKG/13141/BKF1243

QUESTION 4

Chromatography analytical method is the most general and common separation

technique, where separation, identification and determination of compound can be done.
a) List the main principles of gas chromatography.
(1 Mark)
b) Explain how the chromatography is considered one of the separation techniques
in analytical chemistry.
(1 Mark)
c) Illustrate a simple diagram showing the interaction between stationary and mobile
phases.
(5 Marks)
d) Explain how do the Gas Liquid Chromatography and Gas Solid Chromatography
differ?
(2 Marks)
e) Illustrate the three main parts in gas chromatography.
(3 Marks)

The chromatogram of two substances A and B showed retention time of 13.20 and
14.65 mm, respectively, on a 30 cm column. The peak width of A and B are 1.03

and 1.25 mm, respectively. Calculate:

i)

The column resolution.

(2 Marks)

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ii)

BKBIBKC/BKG/13141/BKF1243

The average number of plates in the column.

(3 Marks)

iii)

The plate height.

(2 Marks)

iv)

The length of column required to achieve a resolution of 1.5.

(3 Marks)

V)

The time required to elute substance B on the column that gives R value
of 1.5. and how long the column should be for good resolution?
(3 Marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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BKB/BKCIBKG/13141/BKF1243

APPENDICES

Appendix A
Table 2: Values oft for various level of probability
.Dcgres of
Fr doni (do

Pro bffli!i!!/ kvth

0.10
0.05

Dcgms of
0.01

Freedom NJ)
16
17
18
19
20

6166
9.92
5.84
-1.60
4.03

Pro bnbiIi!j levels

0.10
0.05
1.75
1,74
1.73
1.73
1.72

112
2.11
2.10
109
2.09

0 01
2.92
2.90
2.88
2,86
2.85

1
2
3
4
5

6.31
2.92
2.35
2.13
101

12.71
4.31
3.18
2.78
2.57

6
7
S
9
10

1.94
1.81)
1.86
1.83
1.81

2.45
2.36
2.31
2.26
2.23

3.71
.i. 50
3.36
3.25
3.17

22
24
26
28
30

1.72
1.71
1.71
1,70
1.70

2.07
2.06
2.06
2.05
2.04

2,82
2.80
2.78
2.76
2.75

11
12
13
14
15

1.80
L's
.77
1.76
1.75

2.20
2. 18
2.16
2.14
2.13

3.11
3. 06
3.01
3,00
2.95

10
60
90
120

1.68
1.67
1.66
1.66
1.65

2.02
2.00
1.98
1.98
1.96

2.70
2.66
162
2.62
2.58

Table 3: Critical values for Q-test

0.941

0.970

0.994

0.765

0.829

0.926

0.642

0.710

0.821

0.560

0.625

0.740

0.507

0.568

0.680

0.468

0,526

0.634

0.437

0.493

0,598

10

0.412

0.466

0.568

'

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BKBIBKCIBKG/131411BXF1243

Appendix B

A =!ogT =-1og- log --=abC = sbC

P0
R

E = hv =!1=hc
2

= 2AZ = 2 [( t R)B (tR)A]

WA

+WB

WA+WB
Z

1, - tR

= X-

7^N

tM
tM

=x-

X5

( t fl)B - tM
(tR)A 1M

(tR)I = (R8)
N=16(
5,/)2

-xp_

(R5)1j7

(R5 ) 2

(tR)2 (R5)

'j7

N = L/N
l_i = xi

(x

s=1111
Ni

zc

/-'X+
-

zo-