STEERING SYSTEM IN

AUTOMOBILE

PRESENTED BY :
FARHAN AFZAL
3RD YEAR

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BUDGE BUDGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(BBIT)

INTODUCTION

Steering is the term applied to the collection of

components, linkages, etc. Which will allow a
vehicle to follow the desired course.

An automobile is steered with the help of steering

gears and linkages which transfer the motion of the
hand operated steering wheel to the pivoted front
wheel hubs via steering column. The other parts
that are used for steering a vehicle are steering
wheel pads, steering shaft, steering box, steering
arm and steering stabilizers. These parts are made
of durable materials like stainless steel, iron,
aluminium, copper, magnesium, etc.

HISTORY

The first steering system was developed

centuries ago.
The concept of steering system first comes
from horse driven buggies.
At that time the buggy was steered by
pulling the reins of the horse, causing the
horse to pull the buggy into turn.
The front axle pivoted on a pin that allowed
the front wheel to turn in the desired
direction.

HISTORY

A rod and lever were attached

to the middle of the axle to
assist the driver in turning and
holding the front wheel
straight.
But this type of steering system
was not very successful because
it is straight to the wheels
In early 1800s Rudolf Ackerman
designed a steering system that
incorporated angled steering
arm and knuckles. This allows
both front wheels to turn their
own path

TYPES OF STEERING
SYSTEM

COMPONENTS OF STEERING
SYSTEM
STEERING WHEEL :- A wheel turned by the driver of
a motor vehicle, ship, etc, when he or she wants to change
the direction of the vehicle or ship.

STEERING COLUMN :- A shaft connecting the

steering wheel to the steering gear assembly. It is also
called steering shaft

STEERING GRAR :- The gear mounted on the lower

end of the steering column, that are used to multiply the
driver turning force. It converts the rotary motion of the
steering wheel into the straight line motion.

STEERING LINKAGE :- The system that connects the

steering wheel to the front wheel and allows the wheel to
change direction in response to command from driver.

BASIC RACK & PINION STEERING

PINION GEAR :- Rotated by the steering wheel

and steering shaft, its teeth mesh with the teeth on
the rack.

RACK :- Long steel bar with the teeth along one

section, slides sideways as the pinion gear turns.

BASIC RACK & PINION

STEERING
GEAR HOUSING :-It Holds the pinion gear and rack.

TIE RODS :- Connects the rack with the steering

Knuckle.

STEERING LINKAGE

PITMAN ARM :- Transfers gearbox motion to the

steering linkage.
Pitman arm is splinted to the gearbox

STEERING LINKAGE
CENTER LINK ROD(RELAY ROD) :-Steel bar connects
right and left side of steering linkage.
Connects to pitman arm, tie rod and idler arm.
IDLER ARM :- Supports the end of the Centre link on the
passenger side of the Vehicle.
Bolts to the vehicle frame.
TIE ROD ASSEMBLIES :- Two tie rods assemblies are used
to fasten the centre link to steering knuckles.
Assembly is consist of inner tie-rod end,
Outer tie-rod end, and a toe adjustment
Sleeve.

POWER STEERING
An automobile steering system in which the
engines power is used to supplement the drivers
effort in turning the steering wheel.

The first power steering system on an automobile

was apparently installed in 1876 by a man with the
surname of FITTS. Next power steering system was
put on a Columbia 5-ton truck in 1903

There are two types of power steering

1 Electric power steering

2 Hydraulic power steering

NEED POWER STEERING

Power steering greatly reduces the effort

needed to turn the wheels of a car especially
with front drive cars, the extra weight and
effort can be too much for many drivers.
Although not a major concern at highways
speeds, low speed turning and manoeuvring
are much easier to do. Most power steering
systems provide less and less boost the faster
you go.

NEED POWER STEERING

ELECTRIC POWER
STEERING
Electric power steering uses the electric
motor to assist the driver of a vehicle. Sensors
detect the position
and torque of the
steering column and
computer module
applies assistive
torque via the motor,
which connects to either
the steering gear or steering column.

HYDRAULIC POWER STEERING

Most power steering systems work by using a
hydraulic system to steer the vehicles wheels.
The hydraulic pressure
typically comes from a
rotary vane pump driven
by the vehicles engine.
A double acting
hydraulic cylinder
applies a force to steering
gear which in turn
steer the road wheel. The steering wheel
operates valve to control flow to the cylinder.

THANK
YOU