Answer any three including Q1 which compulsory

Q1. Answer all the questions.

a) Define string efficiency. Explain how to improve string efficiency.
b) What is sag? What are the factors affecting sag.
c) Explain conductor vibration. What are the different types of conductor
vibrations?
d) Discuss and compare the cost of investment in ac and dc transmission
showing the graph.
e) What are the advantages of DC transmission?
Q2. A stress crossing overhead line has a span of 150m over the stream.
Horizontal wind pressure is 20 Kg/m2 and the thickness of the ice is 1.25cm.
Diameter of the conductor is 2.80 cm and weight is 1520Kg/Km, and an ultimate
strength of 12900Kg. Use a factor of safety of 2 and 912Kg/m 3 for the weight of
ice. Determine weight of ice in Kg/m, total vertical load on conductor in Kg/m and
the vertical sag in m.
Q3. In a 33Kv overhead line, there are three units in the string of insulators. If the
capacitance between each insulators and earth is 11% of self capacitance of each
insulator, find (i) the distribution of voltage over 3 insulators and (ii) the string efficiency.
Q4. A two-wire dc distributor AB 300m long is fed at both ends A and B. The distributer
supplies uniformly distributed load of 0.25A/m and concentrated loads of 40A at C and
60A at D. The distances AC and BD are 120m each. The top resistance of distributor is
0.1 ohm/100m. Both A and B are maintained at 300V. Find the currents fed at A and B
and potentials of points C and D.