NGUYN PHU THQ

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NHA XUAT IAN 81 IOC qu4c GIA HA NOi

M{JC L{JC
Phiin I: Li '.huye't ... ......... ...... .'.. .. .............................. ........... :..................... 5
I. Idioms (Thanh ngii') ................................. :... ......................... :: ............... 5
A. Chu giai cac thanh ngu va br-.i t~p tr.ic nghi~m ........................... .. 5
. ' .. ............ .. ............. 14
.. ''t 1
' . t'~p vie
' h ngu- va' b a1
' th an
. . cac
. ~u.cau
B . eh u, gia1
C. Cac tu lay (Alliterat ive Expressio ns) .............................................. 20
D. Cac thanh ngG' Su' d,,mg cac tu chi dqng Y~t .. .. .......................... .... 22
E. Cac thanh ngu c6 Su' d,,mg cac tu chi mau sic va thuc an ...... ...... 25
II. Phrasal verbs (Ngii' d{mg tu) .... .... ........... :.... ........... .... ..... .... .......... 29
III. In versions (Dao ngii') ..................................................................... .49
A. Bi~n phap dao ngu theo sau tn,mg ngu phu dinh .......................... 49
B. Bi~n phap dao ngu theo sau so/such .... that ... .......... .. ..... :-: .............. 50
C. Bi~n phap dao ngu trong cac cau di~u ki~n v6'i If ................ ....... 50
IV. Preposit ions (Gioi tu) ....... ........ ........ .................. .. ....... .... .... ...... ...... 55
A. Prepositi ons after adjectives (Gi6'i tu mu tinh tu) .. .._................ ..... 55
B. Prepositi ons after verbs (Gi6'i. W sau dqng tu) ......... ........ .............. 57
C. Prepositi ons after nouns (Gi6'i tu sau danh tu) ............ .... ......... .... . 58
Phiin II: Practice tests ... , .... ....... ....................... :.. ....., .... ... :............... ..... 60
Practice test 1 .. ... ......... : .................................... .... ... ............. ....... :......... 60
Practice test 2 ..... .... ...... ............................. .. ... ...... ..... ... .. ....... .... ....... .... 73
Practice test 3 .... ...... ............ .. ............................... ... ....... ..... .... ............. 85
Practice test 4 ........................ ............................... ................................ 99
Practice test 5 ................................................... ... ............. ......... ... .. .... 113
Practice test 6 ...... .................. ...... .. ................... .. .............. ..... .. .... ..... .. 127
Practice test 7 ...............-.... .........-............. ................ ... ............ .. ..... ... .. :141
Practice test 8 .. ... .............. .......... ... ... .............. ............... ..... ....... ... .. .... 154
Practice test 9 .................... .. ............................ ............... ..... .. ........... .. 167
Practice test 10 ............. .. .. ......... ...... .... ......... ................................... ,.181
Phiin III~ J)ap an .................... ...... .. .' .. ....... ................ ...... .......... .. ........... 196

LOINOIDAU
Cac em h9c sinh than me'.n!
Nh~m ml;JC dich giup cac em h9c sinh kha, gioi mon Tieng Anh c6
them tu li~u d luy~n t?p, nang cao kha nang ngon ngu cua minh, chung
toi t 6ng hqp , bien so~n cu6n sach B6i duang h9c si1;h iioi tiing Anh 12
nay. Cuon sach nay se giup cac em h9c sinh cac lap chuyen Anh va h9c
sinh 'chuang trinh phan b:m c6. them m9t s6 kien thuc nang cao, d6ng
thai cung cap m9t h~ th6ng cac bai luy~n t~p giup cac em cung c6 va bo
sung kien thuc chulln bj cho cac ki thi h9c sinh gioi cap thanh ph6, tinh
va qu6c gia.
Cu6n sach g6m c6 hai ph.in:
Ph.in I: G6m m9t s6 dim ngu phap hay va kho duqc chu giai ro
rang b~ng tieng Vi~t va co cac vi dl;l minh h 9a gi up cac
em hiu SB.U han each Su' dl;Jng CaC Jigm ngft phap nay.
Sau moi ph.in li thuy~t la cac Bai t?p ung dl;Jng M cac
em ti~n vi~c luy~n t?p .
Ph.in II: G6m 10 bai Practice test duqc so~n theo cau true de thi
h9c sinh gioi quoc gia cua B9 Giao dl;IC va Bao t~o. Moi
bai luy~h t?p c6 5 phin chinh duqc phan b6 nhu sau:
I. Vocabulary: G6m c6 3 d~ng bai t?p la td.c nghi~m, thanh
l?P tu va su'a loi sai.
II. Grammar: G6m 2 d~ng bai t?p triic nghi~m ki e'n thuc ve
gi6'i tu, m~o tu va thi trong tieng Anh .
III. Reading: G6m 2 d~ng bai d9c l).iu la tra lai cau hoi t~iic
nghi~m va h,ta ch9n cac do~n van cho sin M die n vao
khoang tr6ng.
IV. Use of English: G6m 4 d~ng bai uip triic nghi~m, die n tu
va vie't l~i cau.
V. Composition: La m9t s6 de lu?n va bai lu?n mau (duqc in
(j phi n dap an) giup cac em tham khao, rut kinh nghi~m
d hoan thi~n kI nang vie't -cua minh.

fban dap an duqc in

acuoi sach se

giup cac em c6 ,the kiem

chung li;ii ket qua luy~n t~p cua mlnh.

Chung toi hi v<;mg :r(mg cuon sach nay se huu ich cho cac em.
Chuc cac em thanh -cong.
Du da rat co gfing, SOD_; cuon sach nay cilng c6 thg con nhung
khiem khuyet. Rat mong nh~n dugc nhung y kien dong g6p cua quy vj
d9c gla va cac em h9c sinh.
M9i g6p y xin gai "~:
- Cong ti Sach - Thiet bi giiio ~l:!C Anpha. 50 Nguy~n Van Sang,
Qu~n Tan Phu, Tp.HCM. DT: 2676463 - 8107718, 0903701650.
- Trung tarn Sach giao dt,ic .Anpha, 225C Nguy~n Tri Phu~g, P .9,
Q.5 , Tp.HCM. DT: 8547464.
Email : alphabookcenter@yahoo.com
Xin tran tr9ng cam cm!

Tac gid

~- ID!OMS (THANH NGU)I

A, Chu giai cac thanh ngu thong d\lng va bai t(ip triic nghi~m
ung d,,mg
.
+ sel l like hot takes: ban diit nhtt tom ttt<1i.
Vi dv: During the days when th .: temperature dropped under 10C,
electric heaters sold like hot cakes in the Northern cities of
Vietnam,. (Su6t nhilng ngay nhitt d{) t[!,t xu6ng duai 1(f'C, lo suai
ditn ban ddt nhu ten"n tuai a cac thanh oh6 mifo Bdc Vitt Na:n.)
+ pull someone's legs: treu ch9c ai d6 .
Vi dv : He never seems to be serious when .talking with me. He is
always trying to pull my legs. (Anh ta c6 ve cha bao gia
nghiem tuc hhi n6i chuytn vai t6i. Anh ta luc nao cung tim
each treu ch9c t6i.)
+ hit the roof: gi?n du

Vi dv : The teacher hit the roof when she knew that more than ten
students cheated in her test. (Co ificfo qtc hi gi(in da hhi bi@t
rdng lwn 10 h9c sinh quay c6p trong bai hdm tra cua c6.)
+ go for a song: ban gia re~ ban gia h,,i.
Vi dv: We don't want to continue our business any longer. All the
go6ds will go for a song so that we can close at the end of this
month. (Chung t6i kh6ng mu6n ti@p t[!,C hinh doanh naa. Tat
cd 'hang h6a se dur;c brin giri re d e chung t6i c6 tld do ng cila
vao cu6i thring nay.)
+ look daggers at someone: gi?n du nhin ai d6
Vi dv: He looked daggers at the secur; .. .- guard of the supermarket
when this man asked him to open his bag. (Ong ay giq,n dil
nhin ngitai nhdn vien an ninh cua sieu thf khi anh nay yeu
c&u ong ma tui cua minh ra.)
BDA12

+ hand in glove: sau sat vai

Vf dl): The environmentalists have been working haiid in glove with

the local government t? prevent water pollut ion in this
beautiful lake. (Cac nha moi tru:iJng d<i va dang lam vi~c sau
sat vai chinh quy~n dfa phu:ang di ngan cluJ,n SI/ 6 nhi@m nu:ac
a cai h6 xinh dr p nay.)
+ have a bee in on e's bonnet about something: di[tt rn;ing chuy~n gi
Vf dv: My mother never buys red meat when she goes to market
because sh e always has a bee in her bonnet about it doing
harm to the health. (Mr toi lihong bao gia mua thjt c6 mau d6
khi di ch<J vi ba luon dq,t nq,ng chuy~n th# mau do c6 hq,i cho
sue khoe.)
+ splitting heada che: nhuc dfiu nhu bua b6
Vf dv: I drank too ; _._ uch beer at the party last night and now I have
a splitting headache. (Toi u6ng qua nhd u bia a bila ti~c tpi
qua va bay gia toi dau d&u nhu: bua b6.)
+ pa y through the nose: tra gia rat cao, tra "gia m~c d~ mua cai gi d6
Vf dv: My brother has just bought a flat in Ho Chi Minh City but he
said that he had to pay through the nose for it. (A nh trai toi
vita mai mua m9t can h{) a thanh ph6 H6 Chi Minh nhu:ng
a_n h dy n6i anh dy phai tra m{)t gia rdt cao di mua du:qc n6.)
+ dea th wa rm ed up: nhu' chet r6i , nhu' ma chet troi
Vf dv : You look like death warmed up. What time did you go home
from the party last night? (Cg,u trong gi6ng nhu: ma chet troi
the kia. Cg,u di di! ti~c mdy gia ,nai v~ t6i qua vg,y?J
+ get co ld feet: mat het can dam, chun buac, san long
Vf dv: At first, I was eager to go abroad to find a job but later I got
. cold feet . (Thoq.,t d&u toi rdt hao hue di ra nu:ac ngoai k iem
vi~c nhling sau d6 t6i cam thdy chun bu:ac.)
+ jump the traffic lights: vuqt den do
Vf dv: He was in a hurry and decided to jump the traffic lights. As a
result, he was fined 120 ,000VND by the police. (Anh ta dang
v{)i va quyet dfnh Vli<Jt den do. Ket qua la anh ta bj c6ng an
phq.,t 120.000d6ngJ
6 '

BDA12

+ fly off the handle: de nli gi?n, de phat cau

Vf civ: I can't stand his behaviou r. It is very easy for him to fly off
the handle. (Toi thg,t khong th chru no'i l6i Cli Xii Clla anh ta.

Anh ta rdt d~ n6i cau.)

+ off the pPg: may siin
Vi dv : Buying -clothes off the peg is normally cheaper than having
the tailor make them. (Mua qutu1. ao may sa}'l. thuang re lutn so
vai thue tluJ may chung.)
+ the apple of one's eye: d6 quy cua ai d6, nguai quy bau cua ai d6.
Vi dv : You should rieVflf touch her laptop. It is always the apple of
her eye. (Anh ditng bao gia nen d(mg tai may' ti:ih _xach tay_
cua co dy. N6 luon la d6 quy cua co dy d6y.)
+ by the skin of one's teeth : sat sao, suyt
Vi dv : I overslept this morning and caught the last bus to school by
the skin c,f my teeth. (Toi ngu quen sang nay va suy t ti nua
tr~ chuyen xe buyt cu6i cung den trliang.)
+ beat about the bush: n6i loanh quoanh, n6i vong vo tarn quoc
Vi di.): Don't_- waste my time. Please stop beating about the bush and
tell me what you want. (Dung lam phi thi gia cua toi nll<;z. Lam
en thoi dilng c6 vong vo tam qu6c n.lla ma hay n6i cho toi bie't
anh mu6n di~u gi?)
+ bucket down: mua xoi xa, mua nhu trut nuac.
Vi dv: We had no soo.ner set off for a picnic than it started to bucket
down. (Cldng toi eh.Zia kip l?n di.tang di picnic thi ti'ai bdt ddu
mua nhu trut nuac.)
+ close shaves: nhung Mn thoat hi~m trong duan'g to ke t6c
Vi dv: When he was young, he was an excellent spy. He sometime s
tells me about his close shaves before he retired and moved to
this city. (Khi ong 6y con tre , ong d,y la m(>t di~p vien tai ba.
Ong dy thinh tliodng Id cho toi nghe v~ nhilng.ld n thoat hii ni
trong di.tang ta ke t6c trli(JC khi ong v~ hi.tu va den sifng a
thanh ph6 .nay.)
+ drop a brick: n6i la lai

BDA12

Vf dv: I found out that I had just dropped a brick when saying that I

met her boyfrien d at the restaura nt because he had told her

that he went to an importa nt meeting at the company. (Toi
nhq,n ra r<lng mLnh vita la l&i khi n6i r<lng toi gqp bg,n tr-ai co
ciy a nha hang UL tntac d6 anh ciy bdo co ciy la anh ciy din dlf
m{)t CUQC h9p quan tr9ng G Cong ty.)
+ blow one's trumpet: boc phet, khoac lac
Vf dv: I reai1y hate my boss because he keeps blowing his trumpet saying that he is the number- one busines sman in the whole
country . (Toi thlfc Slf ghet ong chzl cua toi UL ong ciy luon
khoac lac rdng 6ng ciy la doa;,1Ji nluln so m~t tren toan quo'c. J
+ sleep on it: suy nghi them v~ di~u d6
Vf dv: You should sleep on it and give.me your answer at the end of
this month. (Bg,n nen suy nghi them ue dieu d6 va cho toi cau.
trd lai uao cuoi thang nay.)
+ drop someone a line: viet thti cho ai
Vf dv : Remem ber to remind him to drop me a line when you come to
Thailan d to visit him. (Nha nhdc anh ciy uiit thu cho toi llhi
bg,n din Thai Lan tham anh ciy nhe.)
+ fight tooth and nail: danh nhau du d(>i, cau xe nhau.
Vf dv: The two groups of bullies fought tooth and nail before the
police came last night. - (Hai nh6m d&u gciu d6 danh nhau dtt
d9i tntac lihi cdnh sat -Un toi ham qua.)
+ know Ii ke the back of one's hand: ro nhu long ban tay, biet tubn g t<% n
Vf d: He has been working at this museum for more th"n 30 years
and knows it like the back of his hand. <6ng aj
n ii~c tg,i
ui~n bdo tang nay lwn 30 nam ua biit m9i ng6c ng<ich c1la n6
rihu long ban tay mLnh.)
+ down the drain: d5 son~ d5 bign
Vf dv: I regr~t. buying this sE:cond-hand car. It was a lot of money
down the drain. (Toi /:Ji !uj,n d(i mua chiic xe cu . nay. Thg,t la
dem tien do' song dfi bifn.)
+ smell a rat: hoai nghi, linh cam chuy~n khong 6n

BDA12

Vi dv: He said there was nctln .. 5 happened but I began to smell a

rat when he kept beating about the bush. (Anh ta noi cha cu
chuyi)n gi nhztng toi bdt dd linh cam chuyi) n gi, d6 hhong
hhi anh ta cit quanh co mai. )
+ the last straw: gi9t nuac tr.'m li
\If dv : The fact that the team lost the last match was the last straw.
The coach was forced to resign. (Vi~c d()i bong thua tr(tn dau i-ita
qua la gi9t nztac trcm ly. Huan luyi) n vien bi bu(Jc phai tit chuc.J
+ get the hang of something: niim duqc , sli dyng duqc
Vi dv : A computer is something very strange to this old woman but
she soon gets th e hang of it . (May tinh la nu)t ccii gi d6 rdt lq,
ldm. doi vai ba lcio nay nhztng ba sam Sil d1.p1g dzt(/C no.)
+ get somet_h.in g on one's mind: dang b~n tarn dieu gL
Vi dv: What's the matter with you today? Are you getting something
on your mind? (Hom nay c6 chuyi)n gi vai bq,n vqy? Bq,n dang
b(tn tam di~:1. gi phai ld16ng?J
+ chip in: g6p tien .
Vi dv: o"n Tet , xassion this year, we had a meeting and decided to .
chip in to hold a party and invited all the teachers who h ad
-taught us at high school. (Vao dfp T et nam nay, cluing toi co
cu()c h9p va quyet dinh g6p td n vai nhau de' to' chuc m()t bila
tii) c mai tat ea cac thdy co giao dii dq,y chung toi h6i cdp ba. )
+ get buttf' rflies in one'~ stomach : cam thay b6n ch6n
Vi dv: Every student get butterflies in their stomach before an
important examination. (M9i h9c sinh d~u cd. m thdy b6n ch6n
trzt('lc m (Jt lli thi quan tr9ng.)
+ off one's head: dien, lo::m tri
Vf dv: That young man mu.t be off his head when driving his car so
fa$t : (Gii trai tre d6 hdn la mdt tri lzhi lai xe nhanh den vqy.J
+ off the reco rd: khong chinh thuc, khong duqc cong bo.
Vf dv : The information you've got is off the record so be careful if
you intend to use it for publication. (Thong tin m a bqn c6 duqc
chi la hhong chin.h thuc vi the hay cci'n tl1 q,n neu bqn di./ djnh
cong b6 n6 .J

on

BDA12

+ one's cup of tea: thu ma ta thich

Vf d i: ListeninQ o a tee

of cla

every day. Classical music is really :ny cup of tea. (Nghe m(d
ban nlu;ic co' di e'n la thu toi lam dau tien trong. ngay. Nhq.,c c6
di e'n tlu/c Sif la cai ma toi ihich.)
+ cut- it fine: de'n sat gio
Vf dv: Luckily I cut it fine this morning. They were about. to leave
without me wh8n I came. (May qua toi din sat giiJ sang nay.
H9 sdp siia riJi di ,na ldiong c6 toi thi t6i din.)
+ golden handshake: m9t m6n tien rat h~u danh ~?ng mi)t nguoi siip
nghi vi~c.
Vf dv: All the st1.ff agree to give the president of the company a
golden handshake of one hundred thousand dollars when he
retires. (Toan the' can hi) nhan uien d6ng y tcf,ng cha clu.l t[ch
cong ty m6n ti~n 100 ngan do la llhi 6ng ciy ui lutu. )

+ Bai t~p ung" d~ng

. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.
1. Although she had never used a word-processor before, she soon got
the .... ... .. ... ... .... .. ... of it.
A. feel
B . .touch
C. swingD. hang
2. I caught the last bus by the skin of my ............. .... ....... ,
A. mouth
B. leg
C. neck
D. teeth
3. "What's wrong with Guy today? He's unusually quiet."
"He's got something on his ........ ....... .. ..... .. I expect."
~ - brain
B. mirid
C. thoughts
D. brow
4. I really must go and lie down for a while; I've got a ..... ....... ..... ...
headache .
A. cutting
B. splitting
C. ringing
D. cracking
5. The sky got very dark and soon it began to ..... .... .. ... ...... .... down.
A. roar
B. bath
C. bucket
D. pouring
6. My father .......... .... ... .... . when he found out that I'd damaged the car.
A. hit the roof
B. saw pink elephant s
C. made my blood boil
D. brought the house down
lO

BDP.12

pay throu gh the

7. If you want a flat in the centre of t he city you have to
.... ... .... ........... .. for it.
B. back of your head
A. teeth
D. arm
C. nose
for
8. Becau se ~he owne r wante d a quick sale, the house . went
.. ... .. ....... ...,.. . only 30 ,000.
C. a loaf of bread D. a smile
A loose change _B. a song
me exactl y what
9. Stop .. .... ......... ...... ... about . the bush, James ! Just tell
the proble m is.
D. movin g
C. beatin g
B. hidin g,
A. rushin g
? It was a joke! I
10. You didn't think I was being seriou s , did you, Brian
was pullin g your ......... ...... ......... that's all !
D. leg
C. toe
B. hair
A. thumb
t han going to a
11. I usually buy my clothe s .... .. ............ ....... It's cheap er
dress make r.
D. on t he shelf
B. on the house C. in public
A. off t he peg
... and get him
12. David 's leavin g on Frida y. I sugge st we all .. ... :.. .... ... ......
a going -away prese nt. 1 each should _do.
C. pass the buck D. pay on the nail
B. chip in
A. dish out
He was the
13. She would do anyth ing for h er young est son.
.... .... ... ...... .. ..... of her eye .
D. apple
C. star
B. centre
A plum
g t h e denti st.
14. I al"".ays get .... .. .. ....... .. .. ..... in my stoma ch before visitin
D. hedge hogs
C. crabs
B. butter flies
A. worm s
........ ..... ... If you
15. Those secon d-han d Walk mans are sellin g like ...... ...
.
want O?E:, you'd better buy one now before they'r e all gone
B. fresh bread
A. shoot ing stars
D. wild oats
C. hot cakes -
of .... ..... .. ...... ..... .
16. I haven 't had an accide nt yet but I've had a numb er
shave s.
D. tiny
C. close
B. near
A. narro w
d her going
17. I didn't suspe ct anyth ing at first , but when I notice
.
throu gh the office drawe rs. I began to smell .... .. .. .... ........ ....
D. a culpri t
C. a thief
B. a pig
A. a rat
BDA1 2

11

18. J?ne looked .. ..... .. ....... ... at the shop assist ant who had been
rude to her .
A. arrows
. B. needl es
C. poison
D q gger~
19. My father refu sed to eat meat that had
been fried_. He had
.... ........... .. ... .... in hi s bonne t about it causin g cance r.
A. a bug
B. a bee
C. a bull
D. an ant
20. You really dropp ed ... ....... .. .. :.. the other day when you
told Brian you'd
seen his wife at the ~inem a . He thoug ht she was at her mot
her 's.
A. a brick
B. a stone
C. a log
D. a plank
21. The accide nt was cause d by a taxi driver .... ..........
.... ... the traffic
lights .
A. rushin g
B. missi ng
C. jumpi ng
D. beatin g
22: Lend me 20, please , John . I'm ... ....... .... .... ...... at the
mome nt .
A. broke
B. down the drain C. stuck up
D. a bit thick
23. I can't stand Mr Bryan t. He's alway s blowi ng his own
...................... .. tellin g every one how good he is at every thing.
A. balloo n
B. breat h
C. mind
D. trump et
24 . Th e escap ed prison er fought .... ............ .. ..... . before
he was finally
overp owere d.
A.. h ead over heels
B. tooth and nail
C. heart and 'soul
D. foot and mouth
25. P eter was born and broug ht up in Hasti ngs and
know s it like
the .... ................... . .
. A. nose on his fac\.
B. tip of his tongu e
C. back of his hand
D. hair on his head
26 . I bough t a comp uter last year, but I've had nothin g but
troubl e with it.
As far as I'm conce rned it was 800 down the .......... .. .... ...
.. ... .
A. loo
B. sink
C. drain
D. plugh ole
27. John will never buy you a drink - h e'f. far too ....... .......
... ... , ... .
A t ight-f isted
B. pighe aded
C. highly -strun g D. easy-g oing
28. I've heard that argum ent before and quite frank ly
it just doesn 't

..

.I

A. face the music .

C. carry weigh t

12

B. hit the nail on the h ead

D. hold water

BDA1 2

29. I was already fed up with the job, but when the boss walked into my
office and told me he expected me to work overtime that was the
................... ...... I quit.
B. last strew
A. final curtain
D. last waltz
C. end of the line
30 . And that .......... ....... .... ... , Brian, is why. I can't marry you!
C. off the cuff D. in a nutshell
B. on the dot
A. in a flash
31. In my opinion, anyone who would risk his life just to climb a
mountain must be ..... ... ............... . .
B. off his head
A. off colour
D. long in the tooth
C. the worse for wear
32. He worked at a car factory and usually ......... .... ........... at 7.30 every
r
morning.
B. called the shots
A. signed the pledge
D. opened an account
C. clocked in
33 . You cut it ... .. ........... . ! Another minute and we'd have left without you.
loose
D.
C. close
B. short
A fine
34. Before she left for Australia she promised her parents that she would
drop them ..... ... ...... ........ .. a7. least once a month .
'C. the news
D . a line
B. a word
A. a note
35. I was all set to take the job in Tokyo, b..1t a.t the last minute I
... ................. .... and decided to stay in Britain.
B. gotcold feet
A. pulled my finger o_ut
D. held my horses
C. called it a day
36. When the chairman retired he was given a ..................... .. of 50,000.
B. golden handshake
A. consolation prize
D. parting shot
C. blank cheque
37 . Do you mind if I give you my decision tomorruw? I'd like to
B. pass the buck
A. read between the lines
D. take it to heart
C. sleep on it
38. "What I've got to say to you now is strictly .... ....... .... ...... ... and most
certainly not for publication," said the government official t o the
reporter.
BDA12

13

A. beside t he point
C. by the way

B. for the time being

D. off the record

39 . He has a quick temper and easily .. .. ... ... .... ...... .... off the handle.

A. leaps .
B. goes
C. runs
D. flies
40. I don't like turning down work, but I'll have to , I'm afraid. I've got far
too much ..... ... ...... ...... .... at the moment.
A. up my sleeve B. on my plate
C. on my mind D. in effect
41. You'd better not tease Samantha when she's tired . You know how
.... .... ........ ........ she gets.
A. ratty
B. sheepish
C. catty
D. tipsy
42. The police_are working ........ .. ....... ...... with the Football Associati!)n
in an effort to stamp out soccer violen<:e.
A. hand over fist
B. hand in hand
C. hand in glove
D. head over h eels
43. I've n ever really enjoyed going to th e ballet or t he opera; the/re not.
really my ....... .. .... ..... ...... .
A. piece of cake
B. chip off t he old block
C. biscuit
D. cup of tea
44. Did y~)U see Jon a than this morning? He looked like .. ... .. ..... ... ..... .. .. . It
must have been quite a party last night!
A. a bear with a s9re head
B. death warmed up
C. dead duck
D. a wet blanket

B. Chu giai cac thanh ngu thong d~ng va bai t~p vie't l~i ung
d~ng
+ put in a good word for someone: n6i them cho ai d6 , tie'n cli ai d6 .
Vf dv: If you want to work for T.S.A company, I can put in a good
word for you because the director is my best friend . (Nefu anh
mu6n lam ui~c cha c6ng ty T.S.A thi, t6i c6 the' n6i them cha
anh m{)t tiefng Mi ui 6ng giam d6c a d6 la bc;m than crla t6i. )
+ go 'to one's head: lam cho ai. tra nen kieu cang, tl,I' ph1,1
Vi dv: He used to be very modest but the recent success in
business has gone to his head. (Anh ciy tru:ac day thu:ang
khiem t6n nhu:ng nhilng thanh c6ng gdn day trang _kinh doanh
da khiefn cha anh (iy tra nen tz,t phlj .)
14

BDA12

+ take things to pi eces: thao toang ra, thao tung ra tung manh
Vf dv : I liked taking things S!Jch as watche s or radios to pieces to
see what there were inside but rarely could I reasseb le the;
(Toi thich tluio tung nhung thi1 nhu d6ng h6 hay radio ra tung
mdnh di xem c6 gi. ben trong nhung hifm khi toi ldp chung lq,i

duqc.)
+ put on an act: gia \;C1, gia b9
an
Vf dv : I don't thi.nk she was so disappo inted . She just put on
act. (Toi nghi co tiy leh6ng tuy?t v<,ml{ d n v(i.y dau. Co dy chi
lam b9 thoi ma.)
+ keep _something qui et: giu kin chuy~n gi.
Vf dv: I don't know for what reason he kept his recent promotion
quiet. (Toi , khong oif t vi. u do gi. ma anh ta giu llin vi?c mai
duqc thang chi1c gcin day.)
+ co me tQ. li ght: ra truac anh sang cong lu~n
Vf dv: The embezz lement in this compan y has come to light when
sudden ly the accoun tant defecte d. (Vl;l tham nhung tq,i cong ty
nay vua bf phai bay ra truac cong lu(j,n llhi d9t nhien nluin
vien Id toan dao nhi~m.)
+ put one's foot in it: nh.m rnn gay boi roi, phc:im m9t sai 1.m gay boi
roi
Vf d: I put my foot in it when I told Tuan that Mai was beautif ul

and that I really liked her. 1 didn't know that he was h er

boyfri end. (Toi phq,m m9t sai Zcim gay b6i r6i llhi n6i vai Turin
ding Mai th(j, t xinh O.f/P va toi thlfc Sl/ thich co riy. Toi llh6ng
bdt Tucf.n la bq,n tmi cua co riy.)
-+: c~II a spade a spade: n6i thi ng
e
Vf dv: I really like him and think he is a good friend becaus
whenev er I do someth ing wrong he always calls a spade a
spade which help-; me improve -myself a lot. (Toi th(j,t sl/ thich
anh 6.y va nghi rting anh ciy la mqt nguai bq,n t6t vi. bcit ci1 Mii
nao toi lam di~u gi. sai anh _ciy luon n6i th_dng va di~u d6 giup
t6i sila minh rcit nhi~u.)

BDA12

15

+ take something for granted: coi la hign nhie n , khon

g coi trc.mg, kh&ng
. danh gia cao.
Vf dv: I used to take the colleagues at my office
for gran ted but
now I know that it was my bigge st mist ake.
(Toi da tung
khon g coi tn;mg cac d6ng nghi~p trong van phon
g va bay gia
. toi biet rling d6 la sai ldm Lan nluit cua mi.nh.J
+ take eyes off someone: thoi khon g nglim nghi a,
tqoi khon g nhin ai
nfia, roi mli t khoi ai d6.
Vf d: She is such an attra ctive woman that
no one can take eyes
off her when seein g her. (Co dy la mtjt phlf nu
quye n rii dc;i
d9 khon g ai c6 thi rai mdt khoi c6 d.y mtjt khi nhin
thdy co.)
+ pull one's weight:
~t,tc, lo tron trar.h nhi~ m
Vf d: We will not finis h the cons truct ion
of this bridg e on time if
each of us do not pull our weig ht. (Clui ng ta
se khon g !wan
than h cong vi~c xay dl!,ng chiec cciu nay dung thai
gian dztqc
,du m6i mtjt chun g ta kh6n g lo tron trach nhi~m
cua minh . )
+ m.ake both ends meet: so'ng du (vai m(>t khoa n
thu nh~p n?o d6)
Vf dv: I can't make both ends meet with my
salar y so I have to do
extra work. (Toi hh6n g srfng dzl vai d6ng lztcrn
g cua m inh vi
the toi phdi di lam them .)
+ get hold of the wrong end of the stick: higu nh.m
ai d6
Vf d: She was offended by -what I did
and got very angr y with
me . I think I must expla in to her that she got
~old of the
'
wron g end of the stick again
. (Co dy cam thdy bf xuc plu;un bai
nhun g gi toi lam va rdt giq,n toi. Toi nghi toi phdi
gidi thich
viii co ay ding co dy lc;ii hie'u nhdm toi nila r6i.J
+ Give somebody one' s word: hua
Vf d: She told me her story and aske d
me to give h er my word
that I would keep it as a secre t. (Co dy Id t6i nghe
clwy~n co
dy va baa toi hua la gicl bi mq,t v~ chuy~n d6.)
+ go up th e wall: n6i gi~n
Vf dv: My boss revei ved over ten lette rs
of comp laint from the
custo mers this morn ing and he reall y went up
the wall . (Ong

!lo

16

BDA 12

clul cua to ( nh(j,n han 10 thu than phi~n cua hluich hang sang
nay 11a thljc slj nn'i giqn.J
+ to have something on the b~ain: luon nghi di ~u t,. trong tarn tri , luon _bj a m a nh}bai di~ L' gi
Vf dv: Petei is a librarian but this job is not suitable for him
Lecause he has chances of travelling on the brain. He should be
a tour guide. (Peter la mt;t nhaii vien tlui vi~n nlutng ngh~ nay
lihong thich h<;Jp vai anh ta Iii trong d&u luon nghi di n nhllng
ea h9i di day di d6. Anh ta nen lam hu6"ng ddn vien du Lich.)
+ get on one' s nerves: lam cho ai by'c minh
Vf dv: There is a f3:ctory near the college where we study and the
noise froni. it gets on our nerves. (C6 m9t nha may gtzn truang
clu.'tng toi h9c va titng 6n tu nha may 'lam cho chung toi b1jc minh.J
+ put one's back up: lam cho ai kh6 chju, blfc minh
Vf dv: I don't mean to put you:r back up but I do think that your
composition is the wo_rst. (Toi hhong c6 y lam. bc;in hh6 chiu
nhu,1g toi nghi ding bai luqn cua bc;in la t f nhdt.)
+ get one down: lam cho ai bu5n chan, khien cho ai bu6n chan
Vi dv : On Tet vacation I usually return to Hue to enjoy the familyreunion atmosphere but the rain in this city really gets m8
down. Nao dip Tt t, toi luon v~ Hu t di thuang thuc cai kh6ng
khi doan tl!, gia dinh nhung ml.ta CJ tiianh phff nay thljc Slj lam
cho toi bu6n chan.)

For each of the sentences below write c new sentence with . a

similar meaning. Substitute the words in italics with the word in
CAPITAL LETTERS plus one of the verbs in the box. (You. may
need fo use some of them more than once.)

- -.- -- ~

get; go; keep; make; put; take; call; come; do ; give; have; lose; pull I

1. She was so beautiful that I couldn't stop loo/zing at her .

.. .... ........ ..:... ................. ... ...... .'.... .. .. ........... ..... .. ........... ... ...... EYES

13DA12

!7

2, Winning that prize has made him very conceited.

,.. .' ... ... ..... ....... .. ... ....... .. ... ............. ,..... .. ...... ......... ......... .... ..... HEAD
3. When he was a child he loved dismaniling things - to see how they
worked .
.... ..... ........ .. .. ..... .. ......... .................. ... ... .............. ....... ...... ... .. PIECES
4. I do.wish you'd stop biting your nails, Brian! It really annoys-m e.
..........:............. ..................................................................... NERv"'ES
5. English people in general don't like complaining in public.
FUSS
6. Could you guard my handbag for me while I go to the toilet?
... ...,... ...... .... .. .... ... ................ ...... .. ... ..... ... .................. .. ... .. .... EYE
7. She's not really upset; she's only pretending.
....... ... ... .._.... .. ... ... .. .. ..... ... ... ...... .... ........ ..... ... ......... ..... ... .. .... .. ACT
8. We're moving to Bristol next week but we promise to stay in contact
with you .
..... ............ .. ... ... ... ........ ... .. ... .............. .......... .... ...... ....... ... .. ... T.OUCH
9. You made an embarrassing mistalze when you asked him -where his
wife was. Didn't you realise she was dead?
..... ....... ...... .... ... ............ .. ... ....... ..... .... ... ... ...... ....... ."... ......... .. . FOOT
iO. I hate the winter - it really depr12sses me.
...... ........ ... ... ... .... ....... ..... ....: .. ........ ... ......... ....... ..... .. .... ..... .... DOWN
11. It was hard not to start laughing when she started to sing .
.... .. ...... .. ..... ...... ... .. .. .... ... :......... ...... .. .. ..... ......... .. .. ........ ...... .. F.ACE
12. Many husbands often don't appreciate their wives; and vice-versa .
... ,.......... .... .......... ... ..... .......... .... .... ..... ............. .... .. ...... .. ..... . Gl \NTED
13. I happen to know the manager 0f the firm you've appliec' _:, for a job.
, I can recommend you, if you like .
....... .... ... .... .. ....... ... ........... ............ ... .. ..................... .......... .... WORD
14. "All this happened a long, long time ago_," said the history teacher .
...... ..... .......... .. .. .. ........ .... .. ....... ..... .... ...... ....... ....... .......... ... .. PLACE
15. Many people nowadays fir..d it increasingly difficult to exist on the
money they earn.
ENDS
18

BDA12

16. Telephone ine if you feel like going out for a meal one day next week.
....... .. .... .... .. ......... ....... ......... ...... ..... ..... ....... ... .. ...................... RING
17 . That wasn't what I meant at all ! You've completely m isunderstood me as usual!
........... ...... ...... .... ................. ... .. ...... .......... ............... ...... .. .... STICK
18. Th ere's no need for us to hurry; the play doesn't start until 7.30 ."
............... ...... .. ... ....... ........... ........................ ............ ............. TIME
'
19. The fact that the President had been a drug addict was not revealed
until several 'years after his death .
....... ...... .. .. :.............. .. .............. ...... ....... ........ ....... ........ .. ....... LIGHT
20. I may not come first in the race, but tn try as hard as I can not to
come last .
.. ..... ...... ....... .. ... ...... ....... ....... ....................... ............. ...... ...... BEST
21. My husband is obsessed with football; iL. the only thing he ever
thinks about .
... ....... ... ... ...... .... .... .. ........ .......... ... .. .'........................... ... .... ... BRAIN
22. We're organising a going-away party for Sue on Saturday. But don't
tell her as it's supposed to be a su.rprise .
... ..... ............. .... .. ..... .. ..... ............ .. ............. ...... .. .. ... ...... ...... .. QTJ IET
23. If things go wrong, James, whatever you do, don't panic.
.. ..... .. ........... ........... ...... .. .. ....... ....... ............ .-........................ . HEAD
24. More t han 1,000 runners participated in this year's Manchester
marathon .
... .............. ... ............ .. .......... .. .... :.... ..... .. ... ...... ............... .. ..... PART
25. The way h e took everything she did for-granted really annoyed her.
... .. ... .. ... ...... .... ... ......................... ......... ............. .......... ..... ... BACK
26. The personnel officer promised him that she wouldn't tell anyone that
h e had been in prison .
..... .... . ,.... ....... ... ........ .... ...... ... ........... ., .. .. .... .. ..... .. ...... .,.. ...... WORD
27 . We'd get the job finished much qui.cker if everyone worked as hard as
everyone else.
WEIGHT

BDA12

, 19

28 . If you don't like the idea th en just say so. I believe you should always
speak franhly .
.. ...... ..... ...... .. ... ..... .... .. ..... ........ ..... ... .:.. .. ... .... ......... .. ... ... ........ SPADE

29. My father's going to be really angry when he find s out that I've lost
the car keys .
WALL
30. Don't pCLy any attention to what he says; he is only trying to annoy you.
... .... ... ... .... ........ ... ...... .. .... ............ ..... .... .... ........ .. .... ....... .... .. NO.TICE
)

C. Cac tu la y (Allitera tive Express ions)

Cuc thanh .;.,_gu l(ip am dtiu hay tu lay thztiing dzt<;1c sii dr,tng
trong th<1 ea (Vd: borne on the swollen, swaying , swishing seas);
cac mtiu quang cao (Vd: 'Buy Brown's Best British Biscuits ');
cac tieu d ~ bao chi Vd: Fighting Football Fans Face Fines) va
trong mi')( so ciiu noi tht"ing lf:tc.
+ riff-raff (n) ill-be haved people of the lowest socia l : lass; the abble ~
ke do:n m::tt
+ topsy-turv y (adj) : in or into a state of disorder confusion ~ a trong
tl.nh tr?ng h6n lo?n
+ ship-s hape (a dj): in good order; tidy ~ g9n gang, nga n niip
+ si ng-so ng (n): informa l occasion when a group of peopl e sin g so ngs
together ~ dip hat t~p thg
+ mis h-mas h (n) : confused mi xture ~ ma h on d(m
+ chit-chat (n): chat; gossip ~ cu9c tan gftu, n6i chuy~n phiem
+ rat ra ce (n) fi e rce ly competiti ve struggle, especially to keep one's
position in work or life~ 'cu9c tr:mh danh quyet ii~t
+ sob-story (n): story intend ed to arouse sympathy or sadness in the
Iiste ner or rc,,de r ~ ~huy~n th11<1ng tarn
+ creepy-c:aw ly(n): insect, sp ider, etc. thought of as unpl easa nt or
fri ghteni ng~ loai sau b9 gam ghiec
+ wis hy-washy (adj) : weak or feeble in co lour, characte ri sti cs, ciu~lity,
etc ~ nh?t, yeu, khong ro ...

20

BDA12

+ flip-flop (n) : type of open sa ndals with a strap that goes between the
big toe and the next toe~ dep Nh~t
+ pitter-patter (n): pit a pat tapping~ tieng I(>p b(lp
+ tittl e-tattl e (n): si lly or tri via l tolk; petty gossip~ chuy~n phiem
+ shilly-sha lly (v) : be unable to make up- one'~ mind ; be undecided ;
hes itate ~ do dlf, bat quyet
+ hot-head (n): pe rson who often acts too hastily or ra shly; impetuous
pe rson ~ nguai nong n6i, hung hang
.

+ brickbat (n): . rude or derogato_ry remark; insult ~ lai chi trich rn}.ng
ne; Slf XUC ph~m
+ zigzag (v): go in a zigzag~ chuyifo d9ng theo duang zigzag.
+ tell -tal e (ad j): revea ling or indi cating~ dg 19

+ Bai t~p ung d~ng

Fill in the blank of' each of the following sentences with a suitable
alliterative expression.
1. Tired of the ceaseless pressure of the competitive business world , he
decided to leave the .......... .. .... ..:........... and take over a small
n ewsagent's shop in the country.
2. A politician must be strong enough to withstand the :
constantly directed at him by the media.
3. He's a serious, rather cold man. He likes to get to the point
straightaway in conversation and not waste time in idle
4. I like to see everything neat and tidy, everything in its place. I like to
keep everything ........ ........ ....... .. .. ... .
5. Michael Wilson's latest play is a confusing mixture . It is neither a
comedy, a serious _w ork nor a musical, but a ...................... ....... . of all
three.
6. A comp&ny's annual report must be clearly written and contain only
the necessary facts . A report which is vague and .............................. is
useless and makes a bad impression.
7. I h eard the .................... .... ...... of rain on the window panes.

BDA12

21

8.. It's tvv. steep to .c limb straight up the side of the hill. Most people
..... .. ....................... to make it easier.
9. He tried to get money from me by t.31ling a ...................... ....... . ::i.bout
losing his job and being ill, but I didn't believe him.
10. If little Louise sees a beetle or a ,spider, she screams, 'There's
.
I'
a ............................
.

11. To keep our spirits up on the long journey we had a ............................ .

12. ........ ... ..... .............. are cheap, open sandals, each consistin g of a
rubber sole and a strap between the toes.
13. He wants to be s1immer, so he's become a .................... ......... . He's on
a strict diet.
14. He;s a very calm, moderate person, but his brothei- is a
............. :............... who is li!'lble to get very .upset and even violer.t over
political matters.
15. Oh, I don't believe thos.e stories they tell about him. They're
just ............................ .
16. 'The club I belong to is very exclusive,' he said snobbish ly: 'They only
accept upper-.class people, not ordinary, vulgar ...... ........................ .'
17. He denit::2 any involvem ent in the murder, but police found
..... .. ....................... traces _of blood on his clothing.
18. In the morning he found the whole office
and
re Hlised it had been burgled.

D. C:.ic thanh ngu su'. d~ng cac tu-chi d{>ng Vl;\t

+ cat' s eyes (n): anyone of a line of reflecting studs marking the centre or
=dge of a road as a guide to traffic when it is dark ~ mf>c phan quang
)llO ranh gi6i duc'Jng vao ban dem
+ bird's-eye view (n): general view from a high position looking down ~
t&m nhin bao quat, cai nhin bao quat
+ stag party (n): party for meh only, especially one for a man just before
he gets maried ~ bua ti~c t6 chuc d~ tien bi~t m(>t chang trai s.ip
la'y vq
+dog-ear ed (adj): (of a book) having th e corners of many pages turn ed
down through use ~ (sach) bi quan goc
22

BDA12

m9t sach
+ frog in my throat (n): a temporary loss or hoarseness of the voice ~ SI/
ma."t tieng, SI/ Hit ti'eng
+ dog-collar (n): stiff. white collar worn by -a clergyman~ c5 c6n tning

+ bookworrm (n): person who is very fond of read ing

(cua ao tu sn
+ fly on the wall (n): hidden or unnoticed observer ~ nguai quan sat
giau m~t. ke theo doi dflu m~t
+ puppy fat (n): fatness, especially of a f~male, child or idol escent, which
disappears as the child grow.s up~ SI/ m~p u, SI/ beo phi o tre em
+ underdog (n): person who .is considered the poorest, weakest, the
probable loser in a competition ~ nguai yeu the, ngubi (j the yeu
+ wi ld -goose c;: hase (n): foolish or hopeless search,eg. for something or
someone that does not exist or can only be found elsewhere ~ SI/ cat
cong tim kiem VO ich
+ monkey about/around (v): behave in a foolish mischievou.s way ~ dua
nghich, lam tro
+ hound (v): pursue somebody relentl~ssly and energeti cally (especia lly in
order to obtain. somethi ng), harass ~ theo, barn, quay r~y
+ wo lf-whi stle (n); whist ling sound nvide by a man to show that he finds
a woman sexua lly a!tractive ~ tieng huyt gi6 tho t1,1c dg am chi r~ng
m9t ngucri ph1;1 nu hip d.n v~ th xac
+ pigeon-hole (n): any one of a set of small opened boxes, especia ll y in
des k, for keeping papers in, or fixed on a wall for messages, letters, etc.
-~ h9c giay ta, ngan M giay ta
+ fox (v): .deceive ~ danh lua
+ dog (v): follow somec ne closely and persistently ~ theo sat g6t, deo barn
+ ram (v): crash against something; strike or push something with great
force~ tong m~nh, d.ly m~nh
+ worm somet hin g out (v): obtain information (from somebody) slow ly and

cunningly~ moi tin

+ duck (v): move (especially one's head) down qtiickly to avoid being
seen or hit~ h1;1p d~u xu5ng (d tranh don hay dg khoi bi nhin thay)

BDA12

23

+ guinea oi g (n): person or animal used in medical or other experiments

. ~ ngtioi/ V?t thi nghi~m

+ badger (V) '.

p8Sl8r

som~body,

nag somebody pers,~ten tly -> n~n: ni, me

nheo

+ BU

t,

p ti'ng d ~ng
Fill in the blank of each 9{ the followi ng sentenc es a Sl.litable
phrase.
1. He's always reading . He'll read anythin g. He's a real ... ... ............... .. .
2. He's a very .informa l priest. He rarely wears a .... ... .. .... ... ........... ... .
3 . . Little Johnnie 's parents were worried tbat he was very big, but the
doctor told them notto worry as it was only .... ..... , ....... ....... :: .
4. He was elected Preside nt as a man of peace and moderat ion, but when
he began a reign of terror, peop le realised he was a .. :... . ... ... .. .... ... .... .. .
5. Some girls apprecia te ......... ,..... ........ .... ... but others are emharra ssed
by the:x.
6. It's hard work - not much money, no time to enjoy yourself. It's a
7. 'Sorry I can't invite you, Mary,' said Peter, 'but it's a .. .... :... ............ .. .
8. Most people want the weaker side to win for a change . ..It's hun,an
nature to support the : .
9. I went all over the place trying to get what I wanted but I had no
success at all. It was a .. .... ..... .... .. ............. .
10. After a book has been used ~ lot, it tends tb get a bit

11. I'd love to be a .. ........ .. ... .... ........... when the America n and Russian
leaders meet for a private talk.
12. From that mountai n you'll get a ..... ........ ..... .:.. .. ...... of the town and
fake.
13. D9wn the middle of the road , teflectin g the cars' headlig hts , are the

h! ',
, _, .

.
.
.
14. I was once a ..... ... ....... ... ....... ..... ma
medical experim ent to test a new
drug.
15. Can I have a glass of water? I've got a .... ................ :......... .

24

BDA12

'16. In offices and hotels, letters are often placed in littl e, open-ended
compartments called ........................ .. .... labelle_d with the letters of the
alphabet.
17. The thief in the stolen car refus~d to stop so the police were forced to
.............. , ...... .. ....... it with their own car. .
18. This machine 1s complicated and dangerous so don't ..... .. ...... .. ............ _,
about with it.
19. The children .... .......................... their father to buy them a dog until
he finally gave in and did so.. ,
20 . He complained that' because of his political beliefs he had been
..... .... ...... .. .. .. ......... by the press.
21. To avoid being seen ,he ........... ..... .............. down behind the hedge .
22. He tried to avoid telling me but after half an hour I managed to
........... ................... the truth out of him.
23. He managed to. ....................... ....... his pursuers by changing cars three
times and then escaping in disguise.
24 . All through her life she was ......... .... .. ........ ... .... by misfortune .

E. Cac thanh ngu co sli d~ng cac tu chi mau s~c va thuc an
+ the salt of the earth: very decent, honest person 9r peop le-+ nguai tot
+ a butter-fingers: person who is likely to drop things -+ nguai vyng ve,
16ng ng6ng, hay lam r<1i d6 d~c
+ a black sheep: a person regarded <1s a disgrace or failure by other
mem.bers of his family or group-+ m9t ke xau trong gia dinh/t~p th~
+ gree.n with envy: extremely envious -+ vo cung ganh tj
+ nuts: foolish, eccentric or mad perso n -+ nguai l~p di, nguai dien r6
+ peanuts: very small' amour,! (especially money)-+ so (tien) nho

+ 'once in a blue moon: very rarely or never-+ rat hie'm ho~c khong bao
gia
+ out of the blue: unexpected(ly); without warning-+ bat nga
+ as red as a beetroot: very red in the face, espec ially because one is
embarrassed -+ do m~t vi boi roi
+ packed like sardines: pressed ti ghtly togeth er -+ nh6i nhet, chen
ch~t nhu nem
BDA12

25

+ to have green fingers: to have. skill in gardening~ c6 bi~t tai lam vucm
+ a green belt: area of open land around a city where building is strictly

contro lled ~ vanh dai xanh

+ blue-eyed boy: a erson having prospect~ ngubi c6 triEfo v<;mg
+ a white-collar job: an office job, not a manual one ~ cong :vi~c van
phong
+ as flat as a pancake: completely flat ~ ra't ph&ng
+ ho( potato, person or thing of no great importance or value ~ ng-ai
hol)c v~t VO gia trj
+ a white lie: harmless or trivial lie, especial!y one told in order to avoid
hurting somebody~ lai n6i doi VO h?i '(n6i d tranh lam ton thu<1ng

ai d6 .)
+ rose-coloured spectacl es: being too optimistically~ qua' l~c quan
+ to see red: to become very ang ry ~ n6i tr~n l:6i dinh
+ a piece of cake: thing that is very easy~ chuy~n ~e
+ a vegetab le~ person who has a dull monotonous Iife ~ nguai c6 loi
s6ng bu6n te, ngu<)i CO CUQC songte nh?t
+ in black and white: in wr iting or in print ~ tren gia~ tdng mtfc den
+ in the red: have more lic1bilities than assets; owe money ~ nq nan
ch6ng cha't, mclc nq nhi~u
+ full of bea ns: having a lot of energy and vitality ~ day sue song, day
sinh h,tc
+ the cream: the best part of somethi ng ~ phan tot nha.'t, so c..:: nhat
+ red tape: excessive bureaucra~y, especic1lly in public business ~ n?n
quan lieu, slj quan lieu
+ to ca tch someone red-handed: to discover so.mebody in the act of doin g
something wrong ~r committing a crime .~ b:it t?i tr~n, biit qua tang
+ in a jam: in difficult or embarrassi ng situation --+ kEpt trong tinh the
.
.
kh6 khan
+ sour grapes: (saying) (said when somebody pretend s that what he
ca nnot have is of littl e or no va lue or importance) ~ che la khong
dang nhung tren thl,{c te la khong du kha nang d d?t duqc

26

BDA12

+ red-carpe t treatme nt: a special welcome for an important visitor ~ cu(>c

+
+
+

d6n tiep trang tr9ng

a red he rrin g: fact, argu1J1ent , etc. that leads attention away from the
rn cJ tte r being considere d ~ di~u Ian man , l~c d~
as coo l as a cucumbe r: very calm and controlled, especially in difficult
c ircum stances - ~ rat binh tinh
as wa rm as toast: very warm , pl easa ntly warm ~ nit am a p
as two peas in a pod: virtua11y identical .~ giong nhau nhti due, giong

nhau nhu hai gi9t nuac

xa lang
+ _like wa ter: in great quantity; lavishly or .reckless ly~ _

+ Bai t,p ung d~ng

Fill in the blank of" each of the followin g sentence s a suitable
phrase.
1. The offer of a job sounded very good on the phone but I shan't believe
it till I have it ....... ..... ..... :.. ..... ....... ... .
2. I must remind you that this is a non-smok ing office. I suspect that
some of you have been smoking. If I happen .-...... ..... : .. ...... .. ........... ., I'm
afraid it will mean dismissal .
3. To import firea rms into Britain you'll h ave to fill in a lot of forms .
There's a lot of ......... .... ...... .. . ... ...... ... .
4. If you want to be a successfu l gardener, of course you've got
5. The rest of the family were respectab le ! honest people but he was
always in trouble . I'm afraid he was ........... :....... : .. .. .......... . .
6. When I saw him in a new sports car, I was ......... .... ................... .. . .
7. Tourists often go to the Louvre but most Parisians only go
8. The firm is .................................... It owes_a lot of rr.,ney.
9. I had lost touch with Jack, and tl.en one night he arr1ved at my fl at
right .... .... ...... .. ....... ...... ...... . What a surprise!
10. Naturally t h e Presiden t's wife received .............................. on her visit.
11. He said he didn't want to have ...... .. ........ ...... ........ and sit in an office
all day.

BDA12

27

12. All round the city there is ....... ..... ....... ............ .... of.ope
n country where
buildi ng is restri cted .
13. She loves anima ls and tends ........ ... .. ..... ........... .. .... wh
en she sees one
being badly treate d.
14. He told ......................... .. ...... .. to avoid hurtin g his wife's
fee lings.
15. Every one think s he'll be Director of the firm one
day. He's the
16. Be realis tic. You can't go throug h life looking at the
world throu gh
17. In class pupils somet imes introduce ........ ............... ...
... .. ... to distra ct
the teach er from his subject.
18. Throw it to me! Oh, I've dropp ed it! I am .. :.... .. ... ... .... .........
....... .
19. I said I'd pay him today, but my money's in the hank
and it's just
dosed . Now I'm .. ................. ....... ......... .
20. You'll have to offar her a high salary fol' an easy job.
An experiencefl
editor like her would n't do the.job for ...... .... ...... .... ...... :.. .. ....
.
21. He neve r wants to do anyth ing intere sting. He just
sits aroun d all
day. He's a bit of .................. ......... .. ... ... .
22. It'll be cold and wet in the moun tains. And we'll
have heavy
rucks acks to carry . It'll be .... ......... .... ... ..... ..... ... .. .
23. That firm only emp1oys the .very best gradu ates.
They only take
24. I

think

people

who h elp the old , sick and homeles1,,

are

25. He's a bit ti~ed and lifeles s now, but after . a

nap he'l( be
26. She now says she didn't really want the job that she
failed to get, but
I think it's just .................... .. ...... ... ... . .
27. That's a crazy idea of hers . She must be .. .. ........... .. .... ..
.......... .. .
28. She likes litera ture and classical music. Disco thequ
es are not her
29. The exam .was very easy. It was ................. .... .. ....... .. ...
.
. 30. He never panic s in a difficult situat ion. He stays
as cool as a
- ... ....... .......... ... ... ....... .. .
28

BDA1 2

31. She was very embarras sed . She wepJ, as red as a .. ... ..... .. ... .... ... ... ... .. .
32. No, we aren't cold. Your fl at's very warm. 'Ve're as warm as
33. There are no hills or slopes for miies . around . It's as fla t as a
34. '.They're identical twin s, as like as ... ... .... .... ........ .. .... .. .... . .
35. As soon as hi s future employers heard he had a criminal record, they
dropped him like a .. .. .. ..... ,,. ..... ... ..... :.. . .. .. .
36 . That singer's new record is in great demand. It's selling like
37 . In t he rush-h our buses , people are packed like .... .. .. .. ....... , ... ... ... .... ... .
38. She's very ext:::-avagant. She spends money like .. ..... ................ .......... .

~I. PHRAS~ VERBS (NGU DQNG T]j]

+ Add up : make sense -4 c6 y nghia
Vi dv: His evidence just doesn't add up . (B~ng chung ct:ia anh 6..y
cha c6 y nghia gi ea .)
+ Ask afte r: inquire .about -4 hoi tham ai d6
Vi d: Jim was asking after you . (Jim hoi tlu1m anh dciy.)
+ Back down: yie ld i,1 an argument -4 chiu thua
Vi dv: Sheila was right, so Paul had to back down. (Sheila dung
r6i, vi the Paul phai chfu thua.J
.
+ Bargain for: take into aco1,1nt -4 tinh den chuy~n, tinh den kha nang
Vi dv: We hadn't bargained for the:r;e being so much traffic, and we
missed the plane. (Cluing toi dii khong tinh den chuy?n giao
thong dong due va vi the chung t6i nha chuyen bay.)
+ Bea r out : confirm the tr,uth -4 kh! ng dinh St/ th~t, chung thtfc
Vi dv: Helen's alibi was borne out by hPr sister. (B!ing cluZng
ngoq,i phq,m czia Helen duqc chi grii 1ninh chr1ng thljc.)
+ Breakdown: lose control-of the emotions _,; khong kim n6i cam xuc
.
'
Vf dv: David broke down and wept when he heard the news.
(David khong kim. n6i cdm xuc va oa kh6c khi nghe tin d6.)
+ Brea k off: stop t;:;lking ~ ngung chuy~n tro, ngung n6i chuy~n
BDA12

29

Vf dv : He broke off to answer the phone. {Anh ta ngilng n6i

chuven
d f trii lai dien thoai.)
I!'
I

+ Break up: com e to an end -, ket thuc, cham dut

Vf dv: The party finally broke up at 3.00 a .m. (Baa tire d6 cu6i
cung cung Jdt thuc Luc 3 gia sang.)
+ Bring about: cause to happen ~ gay ra
Vf dv: The crisis was brought about by Brenda's resignation. (CwJc
lihung hoiing d6 la do vi?c Bren<1a tiL cluZc gay ra.)
+ Bring off: succeed in doing something~ d1:lt duqc, thanh cong
Vi dv: The team tried for years to win the competition and .they
finally brought it off. (D9i b6ng n.6 llfc nhii u ndm li Jn de'
thdng duqc cu9c thi va cu6i cung h9 cung dq.t duqc diJu d6 .)
+ Bring on: - cause the onset of an illness~ gay b~nh, lam phat b~nh
Vf dv : Sitting in the damp brought on his rheumatism. (Ng6i a-ncri
dm thdp khien anh dy mdc b?nh thdp khap.)
- cause troublP. to happen to oneself~ gf:.y d.c r6i cho ai
Vf dv: You have brought this on/upon yourself1 (Bq.n tlj gay rdc r6i
cho bcln .than minh r6i. )
+ Bring round: influence someone to your point of view ~ lam cho ai
thay d6i y kien theo quan digm cua minh
Vf dy: After much discussion, I brought the committee round to my
point of view. (Sau m9t h6( thiio lug.n t6i da lam cho uy ban
thay do'i y ~ien theo quan die'm c~a t6i.)
+ Bring up: mention ~ neu ra, d~ c~p den
":!_ dv: .I feel I ought to bring up another small matter. (Toi cam
thdy t6i nen dJ cg.p den m9t vdn d~ nho nlla.)
+ Call up: mobilise for military service~ d(mg vien nh~p ngil
Vf dv : Mark was called up when the war broke out. (Marl?. duqc
d9ng vien nhg.p ngil khi CUQC chien no' ra.)
+ Carry off: complete successfully -~perhaps despite a problem ~ hoan
thanh t6t, _hoan thanh xuat sfic

30

BDA12

Vf dv: Jane had a difficult role to play, but she carried it off. (Jan e

nh(m mat Pai difo rat kh6 nhung CO dii hoan thanh xuat sci.:
vai di~n nay.)
+ Ca r~y out: compl ete a plan ~ tptfc hi~n, hoan tat rn9t ke ho~ch
Vf dv: The attack was successfully carried out. (Cu9c tan c6ng
duqc tdn hanh m9t each thanh c6ng.)
. + Catch . on: become popular (colloquia l) ~ tra thanh mot, duqc ua
chu(mg (dung tron'g ngu canh thong tyc)
Vf dv: This new hair style is beginning to catch on. (Ki6'u t6c rnai
nay dang bcit ddu tra thanh mot.)
+ Come about: happen ~ <lien ra, xay ra
Vf dv: Let me explain how the situation came about. (Hiiy de' t6i
gidi thich t'inh huong d6 di~n r:a nlut the nao:)
+Comedown to: be in the en_d a matter of ~ rot CUQC la van de ...
Vf dv: It all comes down to whether you are prepared to accept
less money. (Rot CUQC van d~ la li~u bc,m c6 chudn bi chap
nhq,n it tdn lwn hay kh6ng.)
+ Come in for: re, ~ ive - espec!ally criticism , blame ~ nh~n (di[tc bi~t la
loi chi trich hay d6 16i; hu&ng phan)
Vf dv: The government has come in for a lot of criticism over the
decision . (Chinh phrl ahju nhi~u chi trich vJ quyit djnh d6.)
Come off: take place successfully ~ <lien ra t6t d~p , di8n ra m9t each

thanh cong
Vf dv: I'm afraid that deal didn't come off after all . (Toi e ding rot

Vlj, Vi~c d6 hh6ng di~n ra m{)t each tot d~p.)

+ Come out: appe,u ~ ra, l(> ra , xuat hi~n
- Vf dv: All the flowers have come out. (Tat cd nhung d6a hoa d~u
CUQC

dii na r6i.)
When the news came out, everyone was shocked. (Khi tin d6 l9
ra, m9i nguai dtu srlng sot ed.)
My photos didn't come out very, well. (May bile dnh crla t6i
kh6ng df!p ti new ed.)
+ Come up: occur - usually a problem (co ll oquia l) ~ nay sinh , x~y ra
(van de) (thuong dung trong cac ngu canh thong tyc.)
BDA12

31

Vi dv : Look, somethi ng has come up , and I can't meet you . (Bq,n

tha'y do, lq,i co chuyen na sinh ~9. to; Mi ng the g(Jip ba,n

d v:c;c.J
+ Come up r1gai nst: meet a diffi cul ty ~ g~p kh6 khan, g~p riic r oi
Vi cft,1: We've come up aisainst a bit of a problem . (Chung t6i vita
mai gq,p mi)t chUt rdc r fi.J
+ Co rn e up to : equal- es peci all y ex pectations, st2ndard -~ d~t d,1qc nhu
mone muon, d~t duqc ucfc nguy~n, thoa long h v~mg
Vi dv: The play didn't come up to ~xpectat ions. Na kich d6 kh6ng
dq,t dur;c nhu m.ong m.uon .)
+ Come up w ith : think of - espec ially an answe r, a plan , a so luti on ~

.. nghi ra, nay, ra, tim ra (giai phap)

Vi dv: We still haven't come up with a solution to the problem .
(Chu ng toi vdn chua nghi ra dur;c gidi pluip cha vein d J d 6.)
+ Cou,1t on: re ly on ~ trong dqi i:J, hy v<;mg i:J
Vi dv: Don't worry; you can count on me . (F)itng lo, bq.n c6 the dr.Ja
vao s!J zlng h() czla t6i.)
+ Crop up: happe n un expected ly ko lloquiall ~ bat nga xay ra (th~ng
t1.,1c)
Vi d~/ I can't come to your party, somethi ng has crorped up . (Toi
kh.6ng the d en dzJ tifC Clta bq.n, CO chuyfn bdt nga xdy ra.)
+ Do a_w ay with: abolish , murde r(co l1oquial) ~ thu tie u ai d6, bai ho cai
gl (thong t1.,1c,
Vi dv: Dog licences have been done away with . (Nguai ta dii biii. bo
giciy phep nuoi ch6 r6i.)
What if they do away with the .old man? (DiJu gi. xdy ra n e'u
chung thzl tieu 6ng liio d 6 ?)
+ Do up : decorate (co lloqu ia l)~ trang hoang, bai tri
Vi dv: We are having our living room done up. (Chung t6i dang
thue nguai trang ri phong khach.)
+ Drc1w up : come to a stop ~ (xe) dung l~i, d6 l1;1i
Vi dv : A white sports car drew up outside the door. (M()t chie'c xe
the' thao mau trdng d6 lq,i ngoai ciia.J

32

BDA12

+ Draw up: organise (especially a document) -) so~n thao (mqt van

ban)
Vf dv : The contract is being drawn up at the moment. (Ban hqp

<!6ng dang du<Jc soq,n thdo vao Luc nay.)

+ Drop in: pay a visit (colloquial)-~ ti;it vao, ghe vao chai (thong t1,1c)
Vf dv: DrCip in any time you're passjng. (Khi new di ngarJ,g qua thi
gh e nha toi chai nhe.)
+ Drop off: fall asleep (colloquial)~ thiu thiu ngu (thong t1,1c)
Vf dv: The baby has just dropped off. (Dua be vita mai thiu thiu
ngu)
+ End up: finish in a certain way or place ~ ket lu~n, _ket thuc
Vf dv : We ended up staying there for lunch. (Chung toi kit thuc
bdng each a lq,i do an trlta.)
The car ended up in a ditch. (Chic xe cu6i .cilng bi lg,t xu6ng
hew.)
+ Face up to:. have courage to deal with - especially responsibilities ~ doi
m?t VC1i, ganh la:y trach nhi~m
Vf dv : You have to face up to your responsibiliti~s. (Bq,n phdi g<inh
Zciy trcich nhifm cua minh.)
+ Fa ll about >show amusement - especially laughing (colloquial) ~ cuai

Jen
Vf dv : Everyone fell about when Jane told hs. joke. (M9 i nguai

cuai 6 Zen hhi Jane n6i dua. J

+ Frill back on: use as a last resort -) phiii du den, phai dung den
Vf dv: If the worst comes to the worst, we've got our savings to fall
back on. (Niu truang hqp xciu nhti.t xdy ra, ch J ng ta cori c6
ti Jn tiit kif m di dung dtn.)
+ Fall for : be deceived by; fall in love with (colloquial) -) bi bjp, bf chai
, . xo ; phiii long ai d6 , yeu ai d6 (thong t1,1c)
Vf dv: It was an unlikely story but he fell for it. (D6 la m9 t.. cau
chuy? n ldi6ng thg,t nhung anh ta lq,i bi dcinh Zita.)
I fell for you the moment I saw. you. (Anh da yeu _em ngay giay
phut nhin thciy em.)

BDA12

33

+ Fall out with: quarrel with ~ cai nha:.i vai

Vi dv ; Peter haa fallen out with his boss. (Peter vua mtJi eai nhau
vai ong chil.)
+ Fall through: fail to come to completion -4 that b~i, khong di den ket
qua nao
Vi d- The plan fell through at the last minute. (Ki hoq,ch tlu1t bq,i
. vao phut ch6t.)
+ Feel up to: feel capable of doir,g -4 cam thay du sue dg lam gi, cam
. thay khoe M lam gi
Vi dv : Old Mr Smith didn't feel up to walking all that way . (Ong
l<io Smith khong cani" thriy d1l khoe di di b{) su6t ea chq,ng
dztang .nhzi thl )
+ Follow up: act upon a suggestion; take more action -~ barn sat, tiep
tyc, lam tiep
Vf dv : Thanks for the information about that book. I'll follow it up .
(Cdm an bq,n v~ thong tin v~ cu6n sach d6. Toi se lam theo
n6 .)
We'll follow up this lesson next week. (Chung ta se h9c tiip
bai nay twin sau.)
+ Get across: be understood - especially get an idea across -4 trinh 1:>ay/
giai thich ro rang, khuc chiet, lam cho nguai khac higu
Vi dv: I had the feeling I wasn't getting across. (Toi c6 cam giac
ding t6i kh6ng trinh bay ri5 rang ldm.)
+ Get at: imply - about personal matters (colloquial) -4 ngy y, am chi
Vi dv : What are you getting at exactly? (Chinh xac anh dang am
chi di~u gi, vg,y?)
+ Get down (make to feel depressed (colloquial) -4 lam nan long
Vi dv : This cold weather really gets me down. (Thai tiit gia lq,nh
nay thlfc s~t lam cho toi nan long.)
+ Get down to: begin to seriously Jeal with -4 bcit tay vao vi~c
Vi dv: It's time we pot down to some real work. (D<i din luc chung
ta bdt tay vao m!)t s6 cong vifc thlfc slf.)

34

BDA12

+ Get off wi th: avoid punishment ~ thoat khoi St! tr.ung ph~t. thoat
hi em
Vi dv : They were lucky to get off with such light sentences. (H9
thq,t la may mdn hhi thoat dzi<7c ma chi nhq,n nhung muc an
nhr nhu th.J
+ Get .on f9r: approach a certain age/time/number ~ silp den tu6i/thoi
gian/so nao d6.
Vi dv: He must be getting on for seventy. (Ong ay luin phdi xap xi
70.)

+ Get on: make progress - especially in life-> tien b9, tien trien
Vi dv : Sue is gettinv on very well in her new job. (Sue dang tii!n

hanh cong vi~c mai rat t6t.)

+ Get over: be surprised ~ sling sot, ng~c nhien
Vi dv: I couldn't get over how well she looked. (T oi khong khoi
ngq,c nhien hhi thay co ay khoe mq,r:ih thi! nao.)
+ Get ove r with: c_o me to the end of something, usually unpl easant~ da
qua, da ket thuc
Vi dv : I'll be glad to get this awful business over wit h . (Toi nit
. mung la cong vi?c lam an t6i t? nay dii r;ua.)
Get round to: find time to do ~ thu xep du thoi gian de lam gi, c6
thoi gian de lam gi
Vf dv : Sorry, but I haven't got round to fixing the tap yet. (Xin l6i

nhe, nhung toi chua c6 thai gian de' sita voi nuac nay.)
+ Get up to: do something - usuall y bad when about children ( colloquial)
~ (tre con) dang bay tro quai ac gi d6, bay tro nghjch ngqm
(th6ng_-t 1,1c)
Vf d1,1: The children are getting up to something in the garden.
(B9n tre dang bay tro quy gi d6 a trong vuan.J
What have you been getting up to lately? (G&n day may bay
tr6 gi thi!?)
+ G ive away: betray~ to cao, phan b9i, de 19
Vf dv: His false identity papers gave him away. (Giay ta tily than
gid crla hdn dii t6 cao hdn ta.)

BDA12

35

+ Gi:e off: send off a smell- liquid or gas~ hoe mui

Vi

dy : The

cheel:ie

h&ct begu to give off '1 ~tnmge amell. (PM rnat

d<i bdt dtiu b6c m~i lq,.)

+ Give out: be exhausted ~ het, C<,ln
Vf dv: When 0ur money gave out we had to borrow . (Khi cq,n ti~n
chung toi dii phdi d; mzt(Jn.)
+ Give over: - abandon , devote~ danh cho, cong hien cho
Vf dv : The rest of the time was given over to playing cards. (Thai
gian con lq,i se dzt(Jc danh cha vifc chai bai.)
- stop (colloquhl) ~ thoi, cham dut
Vf dv : Why don't you give over! You're getting on my nerves! (C<'),u
c6 thoi di khong! C<J;u dang lam toi phat cciu day!)
+ Give up: - surrender~ bo CUQC, ta ho . d~u thu , tt,t nQp minh
Vf dv: The escaped prisoner gave herself up. (Tu nhan vzt(Jt ngZJ,c
dii tl! nl} p minh.J
- believed to be dead or lost ~ duqc cho la da chet hay mat
tich, t uy~t v<;>ng, vo ph11<1ng ct'.tu chua (y h9c)
Vf dv : After ten days the ship was given up for lost . (S au 10 ng iy
con ta u d6 du<Jc cho la d<i mdt Heh .)
+ Go bac k on: brea k a promise ~ that hua, rut l<;li loi hua
Vf d1,1 : The management has gone back on its promise. (Ong gicim
d6c d<i thdt luta.J
+Go in for : - make a habit of ~ ua chu9ng, quen lam
Vf dv : I don't go in for that kind of thing. (T oi k hong quen lam
nhrlng di ~u nhzt tht.)
- enter a competition ~ tham gia
Vf dv : Are you thinking of going in for the race? (Anh e6 nghl din
vi?c tham gia cu9c dua khong?
Go off: become bad (food) ~ (tht,tc pha m) bi oi, thiu, h ong
Vf dv: This milk has gone off. (Sua nay bi hang r6 i.J
+ Go on: happen (usually negative)~ dien ra, tiep dien
Vf dv
: Something funny is going on . (F)i ~u gi bu6n cuai dang di~n
.
.

ra.)

36

BDA12

+ Go round: be enough -, c6 du cho m9i ngubi, di', M chia khiip lugt.

Vi d(!: There weren't enough life-jackets to go round . (Khong co du
ao .Phao chia cho !duip luqt duqc.)
+ Go through with: complete a promise or plan (usually unwillingly ) -,
thlfc hi~n/hoan thanh mqt loi hua hay ke ho:;tch thubng la

khong mu6n lam)

Vi dt,1 : When it came to actually stealing the mon_ey ; Nora couldn't
go through with it. (Khi thljc chdt cua vifc d6 la: an cdp ti~n
thi Nora hhong th /wan thanh cong vifc d6 duqc.)
+ Grow on: become more liked (colloquial) -, khien ai d6 cang thich
hem (thong t1,1c)
Vi d(! : This . new record is growing on me. (Cang nghe dia nhq,c
nay cang khien toi thich:J
+ Hang onto: keep (colloquial )-, gift l:;ti, khong ban ho?c cho di (thong
t1._.1c)
Vf d(! : I think we should hang orito the car until next year. (Toi

nghi cluing ta nen gill lq,i chiec xe nay cha d en sang nam.)
+ Have it in for: be deliberatel y unkind to someone -, c6 y d6i xu'
kho11g tot V<Ji ai, CO )' d6 tr~ng ph:;tt ai d6 hO?C lam dieu kh6
chiu cho ai .
Vi dv: My teacher has (got) it in for r.i1e. (Tluiy gicio cua toi c6 y
trung phq,t toi.)
.+ Have it out with: express feelings so as to settle a problem -, giai
quyet ffiQ t CUQC tranh Cai, n6i cho ra li le
Vi d(! : I put up with the problem for a while but in the end I had it
out with her. (Toi chtu dljng vdn d~ nay m (J t thai g ian nhung
cu6i cung toi da dan xep 6n thoa uai co d.y. )
+ Have som eone on: deceive (colloquial )-, lua g:;tt ai d6 (thong t1._.1c)
Vi d(! : I don't believe ycu. You're having me on . (Toi kMng tin cg,u
dau . Cg.u dang gq,t ta.J
+ Hit it off: get on w ell with (colloquial) -,hoa thu~n, hoa hgp vai ai
Vi d(!: Mark and Sarah really hit it off at the party. (Mark va
Sarah tluJ.,t rdt h<;Jp nhau tg,i bua tifc d6 .)

BDA12

37

+ Hit upon/on: discover by chance (often an ideal

~ nay ra m(>t y tuang

Vf d: They hit upon the solutio n quite by chance . (H9 clu;,t nghi

ra gidi phap kha tinh ea.)

+ Hold out: offe r (especi a lly with hope)

~ dua ra, nuoi hy v(;mg

Vf d : We don't hold out much hope that the price will fall. (Chung-

toi hhong nuoi mdy hy u9ng la gia se 'gidm xu6ng.)

+ Hold up : - de lay ~ lam dinh tr~, lam t&c nghen
Vf dv: Sorry I'm late, I was held up in the traffic. (Xin l6i toi din
tr~, toi bi kf;t xe.)
- use as an exampl e - ie. a model of good behavi our ~ neu
gue1ng tot
Vf dv: J ack was always held up as an exampl e to me. (Jach thuang
duqc neu ra nhu m(>t tdm guang to't cha toi noi theo.)
+ Hold with: agree wnh an idea ~ d6ng tl.nh vai m(>t y kien .
Vf d: I don't hold with the idea of using force . (Toi llhong d6ng
tinh uai y kitr1; sil dl!,ng vu lljc. )
+ Keep up: contin ue~ tiep t1,1c, duy tri
vr dv: Well done! Kaep up the good work! (T6t qua! Titp tl!,c thljc
hi f n cong ui~c nhu tht nhe.)
+ Lay down : state a rul e - especia lly la y down the law ~ d~ ra qui t&c,
de) t ra qui-t&r.
Vf dv: The compan y has laid down strict proced ures for this kind
of situatio n. (Cong ty vita mai dq,t ,ra nhung thzl ll!,c nghjem
hhdc cha loq,i tinh hu6ng nay.)
+ Let down: disappo int, break a promise ~ ph1,1 long ai d6, lam ai tha't
v~mg
Vf dv: Sorry to let you down, but I can't give you a lift today . (Xin
l,5i la phdi lam bq,n thdt v9ng, nli'ung toi khong tld cho bq,n di
nha xe ham nay duqc.)
+ Let in on: allow to be part of a secret- ~ tiet l(>, cho phep ai chia xe bi
m~t.
..
Vf dv: We haven' t let Tina in on t he plans yet. (Toi chua tikt l(>
cho Tina bdt nhung kt haq,ch d6 .)
38

BDA12

+ Let off: excuse from punish ment~ tha, khong ph;;i.t, ph::;tt nh~
Vi dv : As Dave was young , the judge let him off with a fin e. (Vi
Dave co n nho, vt quan toa chi phq,t ti ~n nhr anh t'a th.6i.)
+ Let on : inf9rm about a secret (collo quial) ~ d l(> ra
.
Vi dv: We're planni ng a surpri se for Helen , but. don't let on
(Chun g toi d;f djnh tq,o ngq,c nhien cho Helen nlutng ditng di
l9 ranhe . )
duqc
+ (not) Li ve dow n: suffer a loss of reputation ~ khong x6a tan
thanh kie'n , ma t di tie'ng tarn
Vi dv: If Manch ester City loses, they'll never live it down. (Niu
d9i Manch ester City thua tnj,n. h9 se hhong bao gia x6a bo
dztqc thanh hiin.) '
t h6a
+ Live up to: reach an ex pected standard ~ th6a long mong uac,
man slf mong dqi
Vf dv: The play quite lived up to my expect ations . (Va !itch d6 qud
La thoa long nwng dqi czla toi. )
+ Look into: in vesti ga te ~ di~u tra, xem xet
Vi d1_1 : The police have promis ed to look into the proble m. (Cdnh

sat hu:a la se di~u tra udn d~ nay.)

+ Lo0k on: consid er~ xem nhu la, coi nhu la
Vf dv : We look on this town as our real home . (Cluin g toi xem th,t
trdn nay nhzt la nha minh ug,y.)
+ Loo k someo ne up: visit when in the area~ ghe tha m ai d6
di
Vi dv: If you're passin g throug h Athen s , look me up. (N ( u bq,n
din Athen s, ghe tham toi nhe.J
+ Make fo r: resuit in ~ giup cho cai gi c6 th~ thvc hi~n duqc
Vf dv: The power steerin g makes for easier parkin g. (Tay Lai biing
di~n giup cha ui~c d6.xe dztqc dl dang han.)
+ Make off wit h: run away with ~ cu8m di
Vi dv: The thief made off with a valuab le neckla ce. (Ten tr9m
cu6m cai uong deo eel quy giu di mdt.)
+ Make out: - preten d ~ gia be;, , lam nga, gia VO

BDA1 2

39

Vf d: Tim mad e out that he hadn 't seen

the No Smo king sign.

(Tim va n.'izt khon g nhin th6y . bie'n Cdm Hut

Thu6c.J
- ffillnRg~ to SM or unde rstan d ~ hiiu ra duqc
Vf dv : I coul dn't quite mak e out wha t the
notic e said. (Toi khon g
the' hie'u ra duqc bdn thon g bao nay nci gi.)
+ Make some one out: understand some one's beha
viou r~ hi'gu ai d6
Vf dv: Jane t is reall y odd. I can't mak e her
out. (Jan et tluJt Ill Cl!,C.
Toi kho~ g thrl hie'u no'i co ta.)
+ Make up: inve nt~ bia ra
Vf dv : I thin k you mad e up the whole story
! (Toi nghi bq,n bja ra
toan b9 cau chuy fn d6.)
_
+ Make up .for: com pens ate for ~ bu cho, d~n bu.
cho, d~n dap cho
Vf dv: Our success m~kes up for all the
hard time s . (Tha nh c6ng
cua chun g ia d~n dap cho tdt ea nhun g [6,n vtfr
vd d6 .)
+ Miss out: - fail to incl ude~ bo sot. m<)t cai gi
Vf dv : You have miss ed out a word here .
(Bq,n dii bo sot m9t tit a
day nay.)
- lose a chan ce (colloquial) ~ bo la m<)t c<1 h<)i
(thon g ti,ic)
Vf dv: Five peop le got prom oted , .b ut I
miss ed out agai n. (Nam
ngliai dzt(JC than g chuc nhlin g toi [q,i bo [{J ea
h9i.)
+ Own up: confess (colloquial) ~ thu nh?n , thu
t<)i (tho ng t1,1c )
Vf dv: Non e of the child ren would own up
to brea king the window.
(Khong c6 dua tre nao ihu nhgn la dii lam vacu
a so.)
+ P,!ck in: stop an activity (colloquial ) ~ hoan
ta't, ke't thuc (tho ng ti,ic)
Vf dv: John has pack ed in his job. (Joh n
da hoa.n than h cong vi~c
cua mi.nh .)
+ Pay back: take revenge (colloquial) ~ tra dua,
tra thu (tho ng t1,1c)
Vi dv : She paid him back for all his i!1sults .
(C6 ta trd dua lq,i tdt
cd nhiln g gi anh ta dii x1ic plu;tm c6.)
+ Pick L!p: impro, 2 (coll oqui al)~ t6t len, tie'n
trign t6t len (tho ng t1,1c )
Vi dv: The wea ther seem s to be pick ing, up.
(Thai tii~ c6 .ve dang
tra nen t6t len.)

40

BDA 12

+ Pin someon~ down: force to g;ve a ciea r statement - ~ bih bu9c ai n6i
ro, Mt bu9c ai giu lb'i, tr6i bu(>c ai phai lam gi
Vi d: I asked Jim to name a suitable day, but I couldn't pin him
down . (Toi yeu cdu Jim neu m9t ngay thich hqp nhung toi
fih6ng ep dli(!C anh fa lam di~u d6 .)

+ Piay up: behave or work badly --t tro chung

Vi _d: The car is playing up again. It won't start. (Chiec xe lc;ii t;a
clu'tng. N6 khong khi'Ji d(mg duqc.)

+ Po int out: draw attention to a fact --t luu y

Vi d: I pointed out that I would be on holiday anyway. (To; litu

vai m9i nguai ding du sao d i nrla thi toi cilng di nghi phep.)

+ Pull off: manage to succeed --t th!lng lgi

Vi d: It was a tricky. plan, but we pulled it off. (D6 la m(Jt ke
hoc;ich ddy ciiong gai nlu.lng cluing toi cilng d<i tlu'ing lqi.)
+ Push 011: continue with some effort (colloquial) - ~ diy nhanh, tiep t1,1c

no ltfc (thong tt,JC)

Vi d: Let's push on and try to reach the coast by tonight. (Cluing
ta hay tdp ll!,C 116 life UCL co' g&ng den dli<;JC ba biin to'i nay.)

+ Put across: -comrn~nicate ideas -~ di~n d<;1t, trinh bay y kien

Vi d: Harry is clever but h e can't put his ideas across. (Harry rd.t
thong minh nhling anh ta ldi6ng tlie' di&n dq,t duqc

y kiln

czla

m.i,nh.)

+ Put down to: explain the ca use of --t d6 cho, quy cho
Vi d: Diane's poor performance was put down to nervrC'. . (Diln
xuat kem czla Diima dli(JC CIJO la do

SI!

cang tluing m a ra.)

+ Put in fur: apply for a job --t nqp dan xin vi~c
Vi d ; Sue has put in for a teaching job. (Sue n(Jp dan xin lam
ngh6 dc;iy lu;,c.)

+ P~t oneself out: take trouble to he lp so meonP --t lam di ~u gi m~c du la

bat ti~n cho ban than d giup nguai khac
Vi d: Please don 't put yourself out making a meal. A sandwich
will do. (Lam an ditng ndu nuang phi6n ha lam gi. M(Jt ccii
banh sandwich la dli<;JC r8i.)

BDA12

41

+ Put off: discourage, ups"et

lam ai phat art, la11; cho ai C?Ch m9t cai

gi d6, lam ai nhyt chi

V! dv: The crowd put the gymnast

off, ::,.nd he fell. (Khan gid lam

cha uq, n d{)ng uicn tl-d di_te d-,ng c-, nh-,t chi ua anh ta bi te .)

+ Put up : offer accommoda tion ~ cho ai i'J l?i nha

Vi dv: We can put you up for a few days. (Toi c6 thi cha anh a li;ii
uai ngay.)
+ Put up with: tolerate, bear~ chiu dlff\g
Vf dv: I can't put up with all this noise! (Toi kh6ng the chju dlfng

t6t CO Slf 8n CLO nay.)

Bai t~p ung d~ng

a. Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the word in capitals,
and so that the meaning stays the same.
1. I don 't think this record will ever be popular.

CATCH
2. A police car has just ~topped outside.

UP
3. They didn't punish Karen, only gave her a warning.

GOT
4. What are you trying to say?

AT
5. Graham stopped talking to deal with a customer.

OFF
6. I have to leave early because something has happened .

UP
7.

John is a bit too ill to go out.

UP
8. You can rely on s usan for help .

COUNT
9. What sort of progress are you making in your new job?

GETTING
10. Because it was late, I had to walk home in the end.

UP
42

BDA12

11. Ted's illness was caused by overwor k.

ON
12. Carol has trouble commun icating her ideas to others
ACROS S
13. Some men are coming to decorate our bedroom .
DONE
14. How exactly did this situation happen in the first place?
COME
15. What happene d confirm ed the truth of Jack's predicti on.

BORNE
16. This could be a vital clue so you should investig ate it.

UP
17. Let's give this business cur serious attentio n.

GET
18. It was a simple. trick, but the teacher was taken in by it.

FOR
19. They laid most of the blame on Margare t.
FOR
20 . Our lawyers are _working on the agreeme nt at the moment .
UP
............... .. ... .. .. ....... ..... ........ .. .... ................ .. .........................
21. You have broken your word .
GONE
22. I can't bear your constan t complai ning.

WITH
23. The box smelled faintly of fish.
GAVE

24. I couldn't make Julie give a definite answer.

PIN
25. I think that __my boss is prejudic ed against me.

IT
26 . The holiday wasn't as good as we expected .
LIVE

27 . Martin promise d to babysit but didn 't show up.

LET

BDA12

43

28 . W0 do11 't expect that the missing climbe rs have survive d .

HOLD

9.

ou get a smooth er shave with Razacr eam foam .

MAKE S

30 . You'r e kidding !

ON

31. It was a risky robbery , but the thieves manag ed it.

PULLE D
32. In t he end I just didn't have any strengt h left.
GAVE

33. Eventu ally I aired my grievan ces with my boss .

OUT
34 . Is t h ere en ough juice for everyon e?
GO
35. Have you decided to enter the poster compet ition?
GO
36 . Don't worry , I won't tell anyone .
ON

37. The smell of drains stopped me eating my breakfa st .

P UT
38. Alan is a strange person . I can't unders tand his charac ter.
MAKE

39. If I lose the race n,y r eputati on will suffer.

LIVE
40. Pauline isn't one of the people who knows the secret.

ON

b. Put one suitah le word or phrase in each space.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
44

When I give an order I expect it to be .. .. .... ... .... ..... ......... out.
Getting up so early really gets me .. ....... ..... .... .. .. .. .. . .. .
It was a good idea, hut I'm afraid it didn't quite .. ... ... ..... ....... .... ... off.
I'm afraid that your story does n't really ..... .. .... ... ..... .. ... .. .. . up .
I was so surpris ed when Harry got the job, I couldn't ....... .... .. ..... . over it.
Terry's new book .. ..... ..... ... ... .. ..... .. .. out next week. .
Someo ne was .... .. .... .......... ... ...... after you in the club yesterd ay.
BDA12

8. Just as I was .. ........ ... ...... ......... . off, there was a knock at the door.
9. Neil was too embarras sed to ...... ....... .. ... ... .. up the question of who
would pay.
10. The police didn't .... ........... ......... ..... up Bill's complain t about his
neighbou rs .
11. We can't watch that programm e ,if the television is ........... .... .. .. up again.
12. This novel is beginnin g to ..... .... ........ ........... . on me.
13. It is quite clearly ............. .......... ... down that only amateurs can take part.
14. Sales were slow to start with, but now they're .... .... ....... .. ... ..... .... up.
15. I don't want to ........... you off, but this type of.plane has cras~ed quite
often.
16. Two members of the gang eventuall y ........... ... .. ...... ... .. .. themselv es up.
17 . We ... .... ....... .:..... ... . out that we had forgotten Jane's oirthday, though
it wasn't true .
18. There should be enough plates to ..... .. .. ... ........ .. ... .. .. round .
19. What doe_s that notice say? I can't- ....... ......... ...... ... .. .. it out.
20. Hilary told me to .................... ..... her up the next time I wa3 in London.
21. In the end we hit ... ... ...... ... ... ........... to the problem by chance.
22. Helen manages to put ... ....... ... ..... .... ..... view very successfu lly irV
meetings .
23. 1 he Foreign Secretary was looked ...... .... . ... t h !;: Prime Minister's
successor .
24 . Mary planned to murder her husband , but when the moment came she
couldn't go ...... .... .. ....... ........ . .
25 . I hope that this holiday will .. .... ...... . all the weekends we have had
to work.
26. Why don't you ...... ... .. .... .... .. ..... ... in! You're being really annoying !
27 . Our in-laws didn't really .................... off when we invitd th em all round.
28 . No one has ... ... .... ...... .... ... ..... . to writing graffiti o, ~he wall.
29 . Don't tell Dave about it. We shouldn't ...... .. ............ ........ . on the plan.
30. Shirley never .... ....... ...... .. .. ....... . for anyone. She is totally selfish . .
31. The exact total .. ..... ............. ..... .... at just over 750.
32. What a,vful weather! It looks as if the rain has ...... ................ for the day.
33. Don't be so. passive! .. .... .............. ....... .. for yourself.
BDA12

45

34. 1 don't think Sam will be able to ............... ............ , to the

pressu re of

tl job.

35. I can't help you. You'll have to ........... .. ......... :...... the problem yourse
lf.
36. Even if you are misera ble, there's no need to .......... .......... ...
... on me!
37. H seemed like a good plan, but when we .... ...:... .. ....... . out it didn't
work.
38. I'm going to the airport to ................... some-friends who are going
to Japan.
39. What exactl y do the letters BBC .. ............. ..... ....... .. for?
40. Don't worry about the missin g dog. It will ..... ............ up when
it gets
hungry !
c. Rewri te each senten ce, begin ning as_ shown , so that
the
mean ing stays the same.
1. A rather nasty probl em has appear ed.
We've come ...... ...... .......... ..... .. ....... .... ........... ...... ....... ....................
.
2. I'm doing more work than I bargai ned. for .
I didn't expect .................. ... ... ............... ...... ........... ....................... .....
.
3. The sooner this job is over, the better.
Let's .... ................. .. ........ ... ......... ..._..... ... ........ .... ... ... ............ .
4. Brend a doesn' t get on with her next-door neighb our any more
.
Brend a has ..... .. ........ .... ............ .. .... ........... .......... .. ......... ........ ... ....
.
5. I burst into tears when I heard the bad news .
I broke .... ............ .. ... ................. ........ ..... ... .... .. ... ........... ..... ... .. .
6. Jean persua ded the others to agree with her point of view.
Jean brough t .. ........... ............. ..... .. .. ... ................... ... ........ ... .. .. ... ......
.
7. I'll do the ironin g in the end .
I'll get .............. ........ ....... .. ........ ... .. ........ ...................... ... ....... .
8. The arrang ement s for our holiday didn't come to anythi ng.
Our holida y .............. ... .. .............. ........ ..... ....... ................ ... ........ :...
.
9. The best solutio n was though t of by Sally.
Sally came ... .. ... ...... ......... ..... .................... ... ........................ .... .... . .
10. It's gettin g on for lunch time.
Soon ................................ .... .. ..... ..... .... ... ......... ..... .... ........... .
11. Gerry has applie d for t he job of financ ial directo r.
Gerry has put ; .... .. .......................... ..... ................ ...... .........
.
12. Our teache r used Sophia as an examp le of a good studen t.
46

BDA1 2

Our teacher held .... ... ....... ..... .. ...... ........................ .'. . .- ....... ..... ... ...... ........ .
13. I'm not much intereste d in sports.
I don't really go ........ .... .. .. ... ... ... ..... .......... .... .........' .. .... ... .......... ............ .
l4. Terry was rude but Anne got her revenge on him.
Anne paid ..... .... .. ........... .. :........... .:...... ... ....... .... ..... .. ........ .... ........ .
15. You can stay with us for a week.
We can .. .... ....... .... .... ..,..... .... .. :.. .. ............ .. .. ..... ... .. .. ........... .... . .
16. The police only warned Sally because it was her first offence.
Sally was let .............. ... ..... .... .' ..... .. ................... ... ...................... ...... . .
17. Sue drew attention to the flaw in the plan.
Sue pointed ............ ............. ... ................... ... ...... .. .. ..... ..... ... ........... .
18. The plain cloth~s policema n's boots ~howed he was a policema n.
The plain clothes policema n was given ..... ............ ...... .. .. .. ... .._. .. .. ..... ... .
19. We can say that hard work was what caused Jill's success .
Jill's success can ............ ... ..................... ........................... ..................... .
20. Brenda never takes the trouble to h elp anyone.
Brenda never puts ........ ... ..................... .. ... ........ .... .......................... .. ... .. .. .
21. Brian takes off the French t eacher really well .
Brian does ............. ........ .. ... ............. .... ......... .................. .. .. ......: .. . .
22. Tina saw through Peter's plan at once.
Tina reali:::ed ....... ... ... .... .. .... ... .. .......... .... ... .. .. ............ ....................... .
;23 . The effect of these pills wears off after three hours .
The effoct of t hese pills only ....................................... ............. .. ..
24. Her fac e had taken on a strange express ion .
She had a ... ....... .... ..... ... ... ....................... .. ...... ....... ....... ... ... ... ..... .
25. Harry swore he ~ould stand by his promise.
Harry swore that h e would not go .............. ..... .. ...... ............................ .
'
26. The terms of the agreemen t are set out in this document .
This documen t gives .............. .. .... , ... .............. ... .. ... .. .... ..... ... ............. .. ... .
27. The full truth is only just beginning to sink in .
. I am only just beginnin g to ...... .. ....................................... .. .... .. ........ ... .
28. Sally turned down Philip's marriage proposal.
Sally didn't ......... .......... : .... .. ........... .. ....... ...... ..... .. ........ .... ..... ... .... .

BDA12

47

29. Sue talked me into acting in this play.

Sue persuad ed ... .. ..... ... .. .... .... ......... ... ...... .... ......... ..
1

11 11 11 11 11111111 I

30. Tony stood in f?r me at the meeting .

Tony took .. ..... ., .. .. ...... ... .. ... ... ... ..... .....:..... ........... ........... .. .. ... ... .. . .

d. Choose the most suitabl e word or phrase.

1. The meeting didn't .. ... .. .. ... ..... ... .. .. ..... ..until late.
A end up
B. break up
C. come about D. fall through
2. In the end it all ... ..... ........ .. .. .. .. ... .. .. a question of trust.
...
A. gets round to B. adds up to
C. feels up to
D. comes down to
3. The hotel didn't .... ..... .... .... .. ....... .. .. my expectat ions. '
A come up to
B. get up to
C. come down to D. get down to
4. At . first Tim insisted he was right, . but then began to
A. back down
B. follow .up
C. drop off
D. break up
5. It's no good pretend ing, you've got to ..... .... ............ .... . :... : reality.
A bargain for
B. come up against
C. face up to
D. get down to
.
.
6. What were y.ou two ....... ... .... ....... .. .. .,:... just now in the garden?
A bringing about
B. getting up to
C. coming up with
D. getting round to
7. You should always have an alternat ive plan to .... .... ......... .:..... ..... .. .
A bring ahou<.,
B. ask after
C. feel up to
D. fall back on
8. When they .... ., ............ ...... .... ., I had to report to the neanist barrack s.
A. called me up B. asked after me C. asked me after D. called up me
9. The school examina tion for eleven-y ear-olds was ...... ......... ... .... ..... ..
some years ago.
A followed up
B. drawn up
C. ca rried out
D. done away with
10. When I took over the business I got more than I ... .. ...... ...... .. ..... .... :.. .
A asked after
B. bargain ed for C. drew up
D. came in for

48

BDA12 -

~II. INVE RSIO NS (DAO NG U)j

Dau ngu gom hai bi~n phap ngu phap khac nhau.
1. Sa d1,mg d~ng nghi van cua d(mg tu chinh:
Not only did he fail to report the accident, but also later denied
that he haci been drivin g the car.
Never have I enjoyed musel f more!
2. Thay d6i vi tri binh thuang giua df,n:g tu va chu ngu:
Along .the street came a strang e procession:
(Hay xem giai thich cho hinh tht'tc dao ngu nay o phfin IV.)
A. Bi{m phap dao ngu theo sau tr;;ing ngu phu dfnh
dao
1. Chi khi tr~ng ngu dugc dua ra d.u m~nh de thi ta Su' dt,mg
ngu. D~ng dae, ngu nay thlij ng dugc Su' d,,mg trong cac ngu canh
nhu
trinh tn;mg dg lam cho lai van tr<1 nen hoa my hem, ch:ing h~n
trong cac bai dien van ve chinh tri chu trong van phong n6i hang
ngay thi ngliai ta thliang khong Su' dt,mg:
Never have I heard a weake r excuse!
Trong v.1n n6i nguai ta chi n6i:
I have never heard a wea!ce !' excuse!
2. Ta su' d9ng b1~n phap dao ngu sa~ cac tr~ng Et thai gian never,
rarely, seldom . Bi~n phap dao ngu nay thuong dugc Su' d9ng pho
bie'n nhat vai cac thi hi~n t~i hoan thanh va qua khu hoan thanh
hay vai cac d(mg W khie'm khuye't nhu can va could:
Rarely can a minist er haw~ been faced with such a proble m.
Seldom has. the team given a worse perfor man,'e .
Rarely had I had so much respon sibility .
,
3. Ta Su' d9ng bi~n phap dao ngu sau cac tr~ng tu thai gian hardly
barely, scarcely, no sooner . Chung de c~p de'n mqt St/ vi~c nhanh
ngu
ch6ng xay ra tie'p theo mqt hanh dqng khac. Bi~n phap dao
nay thuang dugc Su' d1,mg vai thi qua khu hoan thanh . No sooner
,
cGng c6 thg dugc su' d911g v6i thi qua khu dcm:
Hardly had the train left the station , when there was an
I

explosion.
Scarcely had I entere d the room wh~n the phone rang.
No sooner had I reache d the door than I realise d it was locked .
BDA1 2

49

No soone r was the _tearri b~ck on the pitch than it starte d

rainin g.
4. Ta Su' d1,mg bi~n phap ciao ngu sau only. Trong truon g hqp
nay only
fllf~C dilng ke't hqp Vdl nhung c9m tu ditn d<;lt thoi gian khac
Va
luon duqc su' d9ng v6'i thi qua khu dan:
Only after postin g the letter did I remem ber that I had forgo
tten
to put on a stamp .
Cac tu ke't hqp v6'i only la: only ifI when, only then, only later
Luu y d.ng khi only mang nghia ''.chi" hay "duy nhat" thi
khong Su'
d9ng bi~n phap dao ngu:
Only Mary realis ed that the door was not locked .
5. Ta su' d1,mg bi~n phap dao _ngu sau cac. c9m tu chua no I
not.
Nhun g c9m tu nay hao g6m: urider no circumstances, on no
account,
at no time, in no way,_on no condiiion, not until, not only ...
but also.
Luu y r~ng ta chi Su' d1Jng dao ngu doi v6'i cac d(mg tu chtu
tac d9r.g
b6i cac tr?ng ngu phu dinh ma thoi.
On no condi tion are they to open fire without a warni ng.
Not until I got home did I notice that I had the wrong umbre
lla.
6. Ta Su' d9ng bi~n phap dao ngu v6'i little khi little mang
nghia phu
dinh (h.u nhu khong c6 ... ):
Little does the gover nmen t appre ciate what the result will
be.
B. Bi~n phap dao ngu theo sau so/su ch .... that
1. Ta Su' d9ng bi~r'l phap dao ngu v6'i so va tinh tu khi
d9ng tu chinh
la d9ng tu b_e. Cau true nay :su' d9ng dg nhan m?nh :
So devas ting were the floods that some areas may never recov
er.
2. Dao ngu cling duqc ap d1,mg v6'i such dung v6'i be khi
c6 nghia
tuang duong v6i so much ho~c $0 great.
Such was the force of storm that t.rees were uprooted . .
Bi~n ph3.p dao ngu nay chi duqc su' d9ng khi so ho~c such
duqc d~t 6
d.u menh de.
C. Bi~n phap dat' ngu trong cac cau di~u ki~n voi If
Trong cac cau dieu ki~n v6'i if ea c6 thg Su' d9ng bi~n ph~p
dao ngu Cl
m~nh de dieu ki~n va luqc gian if : Bien phap nay giup
lam cho cau
dieu ki~n nay tr6 nen trtnh tn;mg han:
50

BDA1 2

If they were to escape, there would be an outcry .

~ Were they to escape, there would be an outcry.
If the police had found out, 1 would have been in troubl<:: .
~ Were the police to have found out, I would have been in

..

trouble.
If you should hear anything, let me know.
~ Should you hear anything, let me know
If he has cheated , he will have to be punished.
~ Should h e have cheated , he will have to be punished.
If 1 had known, I would have protested strongly.
~ Had I known , I would have protested strongly.

+ Bai t~p itI\g d~ng

a. Complete each sentence with a suitable 1, ?rd or phrase.
1. ....... :.... .. .............. . had we arrived at the hotel, when there was a
power cut.
2. .. .............. .-.. ... ... .. are members of staff to accept grat~ities from clients.
3. .. .......... .. ........ .. .... Detective Dawson realise what.she was to discov~r!
4. .. .. .. .. .. ..... .. ...... ... so many employees taken sick leave at the same time.
5. ..... .'. .... .. ...... .. ....... : to pay the full amount now, there would be a ten per

6.
7.
8.
9.

cent discount.
I supposed, as ....................... .. .... most people, that I would be retiring
at 60.
. .. .... ...... .. .............. the doctors seen a more difficult case .
.. .. .... .... ............. .. .. Jean win first prize, but she was also offered a
promotion.
.. ... ........ ................ will late arrivals be admitted to the theatre before

the interval.
10 . ............ ... ........ ...... one missing child been found, than another three
disappeared .
11. Should ............................. anything, could ""U let me know?
12. Were ...... ..... .... .. ............ , everyone in it would have been killed.
13. Had ... .. .......... .... ..... .. ... harder, I would probably have passed all my
exams.
BDA12

51

14. Should ...... ....................... neighbou rhood, why don't you drop in?
15. Had .... .. .............. ..... .... immediat ely, your daughter would not be so ill.
16. Were ....... ... .. ... ... ......... .. you, I would turn you down flat!
17. Should ............. .. ... ... ........ , just call room service, and order a mea1.
18. Were ...... ...:.... .. .... ... ... .. . job, we couldn't be sure that she would accept.
19. Had ......... ... ... ....... .... . measures , t his political crisis coul.d have been
avoided.
20. Should ... ...... ... ...... .......... .lost, we would have heard from him by now.

b. Rewrite each sentence , starting as shown, so that thf' meaning

.stays the same.
1. It was only when the office phoned me that I found out about the
meeting.
Not until ... .... ......... .... ............................................. ..... .......... .... . .
2. The facts were not a ..~ m ade public until later'.

3.
4.

5.
6.
7.
8.

Only :.......... ............~ .......... .... .......... .

lfl had realised what would happen, I wouldn't have accepted foe job.
Had ...... ... .. ... .... .... ... .. ... ... ..... .. .................. .. ... .... ... ... ..... .... ...
The response to our appeal was so great that we had to take on more
staff.
Such .......... .. ...... ........ ... .... ............... ... ......... ..... .. ......... .. ... .. .. .
Har_ry broke his leg, and also injured his shoulder.
Not only .... ..... ..... ... ..... ...... ....... ...... ........ ..... .. ....... ............... ....... .
The police didn't at all suspect that th e judge was the murderer .
b ittle ... .......... ..... ......... ............ .:... ...... ........... .. ... .. ...... ........... .
If you do happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me?
Should ....... .. ........... ........ ...... .. ..... .................. .... .... ... ."...... .. ... .. . .
The bus driver cannot be blamed for the accident iri any way.

In ... ..:................ .... ............ .... ... .. .. ... .... ........... .................. .
9. The snowfall w:.ts so heavy that all the trains had to be cancelled .
So ....... ............. .... ....... ...... .... ... ."........... .. ... ..... ........ ... .. .:.... .
.,
10. If the governm ent raised interest rates, they would lose the election.
Were ............ .... .... ...... ... ....... .... ....... .. ... ............ ............ .... .... . .
11. As soon as I got into the bath, someone knocked at the duor.
No sooner .. ........ ............. :............. ..... ................. ...... ..... ... ........... . .

52

BDA12

12. There was so much uncertain ty that the financial markets remained
closed.
Such .. ........... .. .. ......... .. ..... .... .".. ... :... ..... ........ .. .......... .. ........... .
13. It's not common for there to be so much rain in March.
Seldom .... ...... ... ..... ........... .:....... ... .. .... ......... .......... .... ..... .. ...... .. .
14. You won't be allowed in until your identity.h as been checked.
Only ..... ....... .... '. ......... ... ..... .... ..... ..... ........ ............ ....... .. .... .... .
15. Just after the play started there was a power failure .
Hardly ..... ....... ... .. .... .' ..... ... ....... ............:... ............ .... ..... ... ......... .
16. The Prime Minister has hardly ever made a speech as inept as this .
Rarely .... ..... ...... ................... .... .... ... .... ... .......... ........ .. ...... ....... .
17. We had only just arrived home when the police called.
Scarcely ........ .... ..... ..... .... ... ........... ... ....... ,...... ......... ........... ... ..... .
18. Press photogra phers are banned from taking photogra phs backstage .
On no ..... .. .... .... ... ..... ... ... ... .... .. ....... ... .... .... .... ............. ............ .
19. The way so much money has been spent to so little purpose must be a

record!
Never before ....... .. .. ....... ..... .. ...... .. ...... .... ... .... .... ....... ... ... .. ...... ....... ... .
20. The judge was taken ill just after the triai proceedin gs began.
Barely .... ......... .. ..... ........ .. ..... ...... .... .. ......... ...... ....... ..... ... ..... .. . .

c. Decide which sentence s are inappro priate in the contexts given.

1. Guest to host: 'So nice was that pudding, that I would like to have
some more .'
2. Wit ness to court: 'No sooner had I turned out the light, than I heard a
noise -outside .'
3. News reader: 'Such was force of the earthqua ke , that whole village,s
have been rlevastate d.'
4. Parent to child : 'Should you fancy a pizza, let's order one now.'
5. Friend to friend: 'Never before have I seen this film .'
6. Politician to audience: 'Seldom has the country faced a greater threat.'
7. Celebrity to interview er: 'Were I to have the time, I'd go climbing
more often .'

53

BDA12

-- -----------~-

8. Victim to police officer: 'Scar cely had we

been intro duce d when h e
punched me for no reaso n.'
9. Print ed notice. 'Und er no circu msta nces is this
contr ol pane l to be left
unat tende d .'
10. Colleague to colleague: 'Should you chan ge your
mind , just let me know .'

d. Com plete each sent ence u,tth a suita ble word

or phra se.
1. Scarc ely ... ....... ............ .... . the pilot had to make
an emer genc y land ing.
2. Littl e ... .... .... .. ...... ..................... what .has been
going on in her absen ce.
3. No soon er .. .. ... .. .... .. ....... ... ..... .... than I reali sed
I'd left my bag on the
platf orm.
4. Only when ...... ...... .. ..... ..... .... on the light did
we notic e the hole in the
ceilin g.
5. Not until I aske d a passe r-by .. .. .... ....... ...... ...
... .. ... .. ..... ... wher e I was.
6. Seldo m does ..... .... .. ... ................. ..... ... . below
freez ing at this time of
the year.
7. Hard ly ...... .. ........ ..... ... ......... ...... his speec h,
when the mini ster was
inter rupte d.
8. On no accnu nt am .. ... :... ...... ........... .... .. ...... ....while
I am in a meet ing.
9. Rare ly has .. .... .... ..... ..... .. .......... ..... ... .. this
school writt en a bette r
compositi on.
10. II_. no way ... ....... .. .. .......... .... ..... .bear respo nsibi
lity for injur ies to
:, 'pass iinge rs .
s /, ~
e. Rew rite each sent ence so that it cont ains
the word or word s in
r capi tals, and so that the mea
ning stay s the same .
1. Were Smit h t o resig n, I migh t stand a chan
ce of getti ng his job.
....... ... ..... ... ... .......... ...... .. ... .... ..... .... ..... ....... ... .... .... ....
... .... ....
IF
2. Such was the dema nd for ticke ts that peop
le queued day and nigh t.
.. ....... ........ ..... .. .. .... .... ... ...... ...... .... ... ............ ...... .. .. ...
.... .. ... ...
GREAT
3. The money is not to be paid unde r any circu
msta nces .

NO

4. Thre e days passe d befor e we arriv ed at the first

oasis .
,, ,.,.r'
...... ........ .... ........... ....... ..... .. ..... ... ... ...... ...... ... ................
..... ... NOT UNT IL
5. Hard ly had the ship left port, when a viole nt
storm deve loped .
54

BDA 12

...... ............ .... .. .............. .. .... .......... ... ... '. ... .. ... ..... ........... .... . SOON AFTER
6. They would have discovered land sooner had they carried a compass.

IF
7. Little did Brenda know what she was letting herself in for.

IDEA
8. It was only when I stopped that I realised something was wrong.
DID I
...... .... .... ... ..... .... .. .. .... ........... ....... .... ............ ... ....... .......... .....
9. The accused never expressed regret for what he had done .
.. ...-............... ...... ... .................. .... ...... ... ...... ....... ............ .... .. ... AT NO TIME
10. So exhausted were the runners that none of them finished the race.
TOO

IIy. PREPOSITIONS (GIC1I TU)!

A. Prepositions after adjectives (Gi8i tu sau t,fnh tu)
Complete the sentences below with one of the following
adjectives plus a preposition.
involved
eligible
bad
, add~cted
jealout{
expert
capable
adequate
notorious
full
disqualified
angry
sympathetic
inspired
distracted
aware
quick
faced
accompanied deep
sensitive
famous
descended
ahead
surprised
fortunate
envious
allergic
worthy
peculiar
exempt
clever
1. Do you think politicians are .................... .. .... ... ..... telling lies?
2. Don't ask me to add up the bill. I'm really ... .............. ........ ....... ..
mathematics .
3. This piece of music was ... ........ ....... ......... .. ... .. Beethoven's Moonlight
Sonata.
4. The flat wasn't very big, but it was perfectly ..... .... ..... .... ...... ..... our needs .
5. Never become ........ ..... ......... ..... .... ... cigarettes!
6. Although he wouldn't admit ;t, everyone could see that he was
........ , .... ...... ...... .. .. ..... his wife's success.
BDA12

55

7. He was .. ..... ........ ..... ............. the race for taking drugs .
8. My neighbou r is .. :....... ... .. ... ................ pruning .fruit trees .
9. "Who else was ................ ... .. ..... ........ the crime ?" the policema n asked
the suspect.
10. He was nearly sixteen before he first became
opposite sex.

the

11. He tried to work but was .... ............. the noise from the traffic.
12. Life is ....... .. ... ...... ... .. ...... ... .. surprises , isn't it ?
13. Pop groups are .... .... ....... ............... ... . smashing up hotel rooms.
14. The teacher was .. .......... ..... ... ...... ... .. ... her students for not doing their
homewor k.
15. Although they said they were ............ .. ..... ... ........ ... . our cause, they
were not prepared to support us cfficially.
16. Only unmarrie d women are .................................. members hip.
17. I was not very bright as a. child, but I was so ....... .. ............ ... .......... my
hands that I decided to become a pickp(.ck et.

18. Some plants are so ...... :.. .. .... ...... ............. pollution that they can only
survive in a perfectly clean environm ent.
19. I am ......... ....... .. ...
well.

anyone who can play a musical instrume nt rEally

20 . Sarah was very :...... ........... ... : figures , so she eventuall y became
a successfu~ accounta nt.

21. For dinner we had grille~ plaice and

new potatoes,
.... .... ......... .... ........ ... .. a splendid bottle of Chablis.
22. Newt on was so ................ ....... .... ...... . thought that morning that h e
absentm indedly put the egg in his pocket and dropped his watch into
the boiling water.
23. The town of San Gimi'gna:p.o is ......... .. ... .".. .. .......... its medieval towe1:,.
24. Marsupia ls - animals that carry their young in a pouch - are .
....... .. ....... ... ..... .......... th Antipode s .

' 25. My wife loves cats. She has six. I am ... .. ... .......... ..... .. them,
sneeze wheneve r I am near her.

56

so

BDA12

26. Janet! J'm ... ...... .. .... .. ........ ........ . you: eat.i ng choc9lates when you're
supposed to be slimming!
27. It is the ambition of ev'ery writer to complete a book ....... .... .. .
... ....... ..... .... .. .:.......... . schedule. So far , no one has achieved this.
28. According to Buradan, a perfectly logical donkey, ................................. .
two identical and equidistant piles of food, would starve to death,
because it would have no logical reason for choosing one rather than
the other.
29. Charles is disabled , so he is .............. .. ....... .. .. .. having a wife who is a
trained nurse.
30. Darwin's theory suggests that we are all .. ......................... ...... . an apelike creature, which seems likely in the case of my Aunt Matilda.
31. Candidates with unive~s ity degrees are ................. .... .... .... ..... Parts 1
and 2 of the examination.
32 . That remark was not .... :... ... .............................. you .
B. Prepositions after verbs (Gioi tu sau dc)ng tu)

Complete the sentences below with one of the following verbs

plus a preposition. (Make any changes to verb tenses that may
be necessary.)
- - t --

-- -H,/-arrweF--------,nl.f'rY(;'~L___-c~r='{jo.
f'-.,
~~!' nnttd~----H.h~eaH,r
distinguish
belong
rhyme
lmocli
vote__.
lose
experiment
complain
suffer

~,.e
~. ~f!H
- - - - i-HJf.'H
O
-c 1e

die
leave

_____________________

1. Did you
emigrate to New Zealand.

Tom and Sally? They've decided to

2. If you don't agree with the proposal , you can always ... ... ............. it at
the meeting.
3. It was almost midnight when we ...................... .. ...... .. .. the station.
4. Some people find it difficult to ...................... ... , an American and a
Canadian.
5. The priest said he would ... ........... .. ,.... .... ......... us.

BDA12

57

6. Althoug h he had survived the battle, the soldier later .. ... .. ...... ... .... his
wounds.
7. For years , his wife had .. .... ... ..... ..... ........ .... ... varicose veins.
8. Do you think people should be al:owed 'to ...... ..... .... :.. ... ...... ,. animals ?
9. I don't know why, but I really hate ...... ..... ... .... .......... .... cards. It puts
me in a bad mood all day.
10. He .............. ........... the manage r about the poor service at the restaura nt.
11. Would you say that the British House of Lords ....... .... ... .....
America n. Senate?

the

12. Do you know who this book .. .... ... ... .... ...... ..... ..... .. ?
13. Can you think .of a word that .... :..... .. ....... .... ........ ... "numb"?
14. I think there's someone ............ ...... .. ............. . the door .
.
15. He ......... ........ ....... the organise rs for his bad behavio ur at the conference.
16. We ................... Paris next week. We'll probably stay there for a fortnight.

C. Prepos itions after nouns (Gioi tu sau danh tu)

Comple te the sentenc es below with one of the followi ng noun~
plus a preposi tion.

~
I

basis
excuse
knowled ge

campaig n
fall
news

choice
fr eedom
objection

control
genius ,
opposite

~I

cru elty
grudge
strain trouble

1. If you had a....... ... ............. ..... ...... marryin g for love or marryin g for
money, which would you do?
2. What is the .. .... .. ... .... .. ... ... ........... "timid"? Is it "bold" or "brave" ?
3. The African elephant will be extinct within twenty years if an internati onal
..... ....................... ..... the ivory trade is not started immedia tely .
.4. Do you have any ..............:......... my parking my car in front of your house?
5. The .............. .... ........... chewing gum is that it loses its flavour too quickly.
6. I know you have a cold , but that's no .... ... ... ........... not doing your
homewo rk.
7. If you have to deal with overseas clients, a . ..... . .. .... .. ... .. .. foreign
languag es is very useful.

58

BDA12

are
rights
human
important
most
three
the
8. Perhaps
............... ..... .... .......... hunger, fear and persecution.
9 . In our class . we can .do ~s we like: our teacher has no ...... ....... ......... .
us at all.
10. The RSPCA is concerned ~ith prevention of .... .... ... ... ..... .... .. animals.
11. Overweight people should not jog, because it puts a great
......... .... .. ...... .. ..... ...... their hearts .
12. Since the salmonella scare there has been a considerable
: the consumption of eggs.
13. Einstein was a real .. ... ........ ... .. ..... ......... .. mathematics , but he couldn't
add two and two together correctly!
14 . In the dispute between the union and the management, new proposals
have been put forward that should at least provide a
.... .... ..... ........ ...... ....... discussion .
15. Vandalising public property is the only way some youngsters c_an
express their .. ................... .. .. ... ... ... society.
16. "Did you know that short pe.Qple don't live as long as. tall people ?"
"N o, I d.d
.
1 n 't . It' s : .... ..... .. .. ..... me I"
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ $"~- - - - - - -- -

.., .

BDA12

59

PHAN II

PRACTICE TESTS
PRACTICE TEST 1
I. VOCABU LARY

A. Choose the best word from A, B, C or D that fits each blank.

1. In my view, the changes to the education system have been to good
A. influence
B. outcome
2. AB a full story .. ..... ..... ............ , the
A. uncovered
B. unfolded
3. This song is not .......... .... ......... . as
A. almost
B. virtually
4. In any transport system, t he

C. upshot
D. effect
public reacted with 1,hock.
C. unwrappe d D. undid
original as their previous ones .
C. nearly
D. practicall y
safety of passenge rs should be

A. paramou nt
B. eminent
C. chief
D. prime
5. It is expected that all members will .... .... ......... .. ... .. to the rules of the
club .
A. comply
B. concede
C. conform
D. comprom ise
6. It was decided t hat the cost of t h e project would be ... ......... ... ......... and
so it was abandone d.
A. repressiv e
B. prohibitiv e
C. restrict ive
D. exclusive
7. Karen was terribly nervous before the interview but she managed to
pull herself ........ ..... ........... and act confident ly.
A. through
B. over
C. together
D. off
8. It just so ............ ....... .. ... that I was in their area that day, so I went to
visit t hem:
A. occurred
B. happened
C. chanced
D. arose
9. We ............... ...... ... up a friend ship the very fi rst time we met ..
A. struck
B. launched
C. cropped
D. settled

60

BDA12

10. I left the company by .... ......... ..... ...... , not because I was forced to.
D. orcference
C. selection
B. option
A. choice
11. Tessa was determined to become wealthy and to that .... ... ..... ... .. ... ....
she started her own company.
D . object
C. end
B. aim
A. view
12. I can't understand why you have to make such a .. .. ................... . about
something so unimportant.
D. bother
C. fuss
B. stir
A. mess
13. If you don't want that wardrobe, I'm sure I could put it to good

D. worth
C. benefit
B. use
A. value
1~. Even though it was clear that he was wrong, he was unwilling to
... .............. .. ..... and admit it.
D . back down
C. draw back
B. stand down
A. take back
15. The police are looking into new ways of ... .. ... ...... .......... major crime.
D. striving
C. combating
B. wrestling
A. conte!lding
16. He made a number of .. .. ... .. ..... .... .. .... remarks about my cooking,
which upset me.
D. cutting
C. chopping
B. stabbing
A. slashing
17 . ..... ............ ... .... it or not, I've just been given a totally unexpected pay

rise!
D . Allow ,
C. Presume
B. Accept
A. Beli.eve
18. Recent defeats have ..... .. .......... ....... his confidence in himself as a
player.
D. hampered
C. impeded
A. undermined B. disable
19. The plu:nber agreed that he had made a mistake and promised to put
it ....................... . the next day.
D. right
C. sound
B. proper
A. correct
20 . Poor management brought the company to the of
collapse.
A. brink

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B. rii

C. fringe

D. brim

61

.
B. Use the correc t form of each of the words given in parent heses

to fill in the blank in each Elmtenee.

THE SPIRA L AND THE HELIX

They are_ everyw here, graceful, curving shapes whose incredi ble (1)
........ ...... .......... (regula r) contras ts so sharply with the random world
_ around them. We call them spirals and helices but that hardl y
does
(2) .. ........ .. .. .... .. .... (just) to their diversi ty or their signific ance. Over
the
centuri es , (3) .. .... .... ........ .. .... (mathe matics) have identifi ed many differe
nt
types, but the most intrigu ing are those that (4) ........ .. ........ .. .... (repeat
).
occur in the natural world.
The need to (5) .. .. .................... (ravel)
the myster ies of the existence
of spirals and helices has exercis ed some of the best scientif ic brains
in
the world apd opened the way to a numbe r of (6) .................... .. .. (break)
in
fields as widely varied as genetic s and (7) .... ,................... (meteo r).
The most (8)
...... .... .... .. .... .... (s pectacl e) spirals on earth are also
the most unwelcome hurrica nes. Their (9) .. .......... ...... .... (awe)
power
comes from the sun's h eat, but they owe their shape to the force caused
by the rotatio n of the earth . After innume rable years of study, howeve
r,
Nature 's spirals and helices have yet to (10) ...... .. .......... ...... (close)
all their secrets . For exampl e, why, astrono mers wonder , are so many
galaxie s spiral-s haped?

C. In most line of th2 follow ing text, there is either one spellin g or
one punctu ation error. Write- the correc tly spelled word or show
the correc t punctu ation. Some lines -are correc t. Indica te these
lines with a tick (V).

Peter mark Roget devebp ed the work that still bears

1. ........ .. .... .... .
his name 'Roget' s Thesau rus after almost 50 years .
2 ... .... .... .. .. .. .. .
It_was publish ed in it's comple ted form in 1852 and
3 ...... ... ...;.... .. .
remain s to t his day one of the most useful reference .
4......... .......... .
books to any writer. Roget was actually a doctor a
5 ...... .. .... ... .. .. .
famous medical lect urer and an editor who also
6 .. ... ..... .. .... ... .
worked on a commi ssion t hat reporte d on London s
7 ..... .... .... .. .... .
I water supply. He also designe d a pocket chessbo ard
8 .... .... ... .... ... . .

62

BDA12

When he reached the age of .6 9 and h,id r,:tired he

was able to devote all his time to the thes aurus . He
had a fascination with th~ beauty of words the word
t hesaurus' is derived from a Greek word meaning
tre.a sure house ). Rogets main aim in writing the
thesaurus was to be able to express himself
urately and, without repetition.

I 9 .. I
. 10 .. .. .... ...... ... .
11 ........ .... ......
12 .... .... ... ... ... .
13 ........ .. .. ... .. .
14 ....... ... ...... ..
15 .. .. ...... .. .. ... .

II. GRAMMAR

A. Put one suitable preposition in .the blank of each sentence.

1. She was irrit_a ted ... .... ... .. .. .. ... ..... t he way h er fi,ance picked his nose,
so she broke it off.
2. Take advantage ... ..... ... ......... ... . this special offer! 50 per cent off list
price while stocks last!
3. Because of the increase in th e number of firms offering financial
services, there 's a bigger demand than ever .. ....... ..... ..... .. ... qualified
accountants.
4. Please giv8 my r ,gards ........ ... .... ... .. .... your mother, Oedi pus, when
you see her again .
5. "I am Polish .... ... ..... ............ . birth, but 1 have French nationality."
"What do you do for a living?"
"I'm a French polisher."
6. Congratulations ... .. ... .... ..... .. :.... your thirty-fifth birthday!
7. The railway police have finally arres ted the man who h as been
responsible ...... ........... ... .... biting all the buttons off railwa~, carriage
seats .
8. With r eference ............ .. ..... . your advert isement in today's Guardian , I
should like to apply for the post of Head Clerk in y~ur Sales
Department.
9. He went ... .. ....... ...... ..... . his own accord: nobdy forced him to go.
10. Sarah is studying hard. She is intent ... ..... ..... .. ......... getting a good
degree .

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63

I
I


B. Put each verb in parentheses into an appropriate form.

n tn ... . . . . . . . . . . . . (MJ n1~n_~ nuY ..nm ny ~ n1~1n~u ~hn ~nna,an

1

(2) ...... ... ................. (go) to bed. They (3 ).... .. ... .. .. .. ........ (clear) away the
supper things and now they (4) ..... ........... .......... (look ) forward to a couple
of hours m front of the television. Unfortunately the film
(5) ................ ..... ... ..(be) rather bor ing. Jim soon (6) ... ..... ..... ... ..... ..... (fall)
asleep and Sue (7) .. .... ...... ... ........... .(start) to think dbout a n her work. She
(8) ............. ...... ..... .. (be) sure she (9) ...... ...... .. ... ..... .... (hear) a noise outside
the window, so she (10).. .. ......... .. ... ........ (look) up. A shadow
(11 ).... .... .......... ... ... .. (move) slowly through the garden. Her heart
(12) ... ...... .. ........... ... (race). She (13) .. ...... ... .............. .(turn) out the lig-ht so
that
she
(14) .. .......... ..... ..... ... (can)
see
better.
There
(15) ..... ....... .. ...... .. .... (be) nobody there. But she (16) ...... ~ .. ....... .......... (see)
that it ( 17)...... ...... .. ........... .< snow) earlier that evening, and across the
grass there (1 8)......... ,....... .... .. ...(be) a
line
of footprints.
A fox
(19) .............. .. .......... (walk) across right in front of their window, and now
it (10) .......... ................ (look) at her from the far corner of the garden.
(gio'ng phitn B (Grammar) cu.a Practice Test 5)
HI. HEADING
A. Read the pas.r;age .and answer the questions which follow by
choosing the best suggestion.
Island creatures are extremely vulnerable to extinction. Except in the
. island continents ' like Australia, mankind has had far less dramatic
impact upon continental creatures. Mankind ha s now destroyed 90 per
cent of Brazil's coastal rainforest and not a single endemic species of bird
has died out. 'i'he number of creatures known . to have died out in the
rainforests of the world is still tiny. Nearly all of the extinctions manki~d
has caused ha~e been on islands, and most of those have been achieved
by introducing ccmpetitors . (Lakes are equivalent to islands . When Nile
perch were put iri. Lake Victoria, they g_uicklj wiped out half the 300
species of fish in the lake. )
What harm is done? There is no diminution of biomass, no increase in
the chances of a collapse of all life Despite the much-vaunted web of

64

BDA12

e~ological connections between all life, th~ inv~ders are often better adapted,
to survive than their victims. Sc why does such extinction matter at all?
The answer is that it standardizes the world. Natural selection creates
diversity - a ~housand different ways t~ solve the ~same 'problems. It meant
sheep and cattle in Eura;1.a, giant birds in '.New Zealand and Madagascar,
elephants iri Africa, and bison in North Am;rica. Now most of them are
extinct or marginalized. The same also iipplies to-other forms of extinction.
Where once there were hundreds of African theologies now Christianity and
Islam dominate . Where once there were more _than a thousand mutually
unintelligible languages on the island of New Guinea alone, soon 'there will
be just pidgin. Where once there were different klnds of ca~s in every
country on earth, now everybody drives a clone. It is not so much extinction
itself that matters - does it matter that nobody speaks Linear B drives a
Modei T or worships Ra? It. is the- standardizing of the world, the
disappearanc-e of diversity that matters. -
True, nature fights ba'ck. Worldwide species are ~volving into separate
kinds : it could be only a few thousand years before starlings ln Hawaii
cannot breed with starlings in London and a;e therefore technically a
different pecies . But it is "necessary f~r -falands to remain isolated if this
is to happen. Islands have been called nabre's laboratories: they take a
few, monotonous, global species and fragment them into experimental
form~., a few Of Which later inherit the earth-. : In just thP Same Way, for a
new language to be born the speakers must be isolated by a mou-9-tain
range or a stretch of sea for several centuries; that is impossible today.
How do we save diversity of species, theologies: languages, and
technologies? The answer must lie in information technology. All of these
things are really just chunks of unique information. A species is a recipe
written in DNA; a theology is an idea written in human language; a
steam train is an engineer's blueprint. Each needs to be virtually saved
before it is physitally lost. Read the genome of a Hawaiian goose; take
down the lexicon of a Fore language; film the tricks of a brilliant
0

'

'

'I

watchmaker.
Even if we cannot yet recreate species frcm their genomes, we should
save them for a time when our de~cendants can. Petrarch grumbled that
BDA12

65

he was surrounded by books in Ancient Greek that neither he nor

nnJ~~~J LW~ mm~ r~ij. I~ nm WH lit rrn~@lr ~-

L What does. the writer say about the extinction of island :c reatures?
f
A. It has occasionally had beneficial effects en the environme nt.
B. It tends to g9 .unnoticed because it attracts little publicity.
C. It leads to the extinction of other creatures .
. D. It has generally resulted from the same cause.
2. The writer uses pidgin as an example of
A. something which has become dominant.
B. something which is likely to become extinct.
C. something which 'he regrets the existe11ce of.
D. something which people pay little attentio_n to.
3. The writer uses starlings in ,Hawaii as an example of a creature which .
A. could only evolve on an island.
B. would become extinct if it wasn't on an island:
C. is likely to become a global species.
takes a long time to evolve.
4. The writer believes that information technology may have an effect on
A. how quickly extin~tion happens .
B. our understand ing of extinction.
C. whether extinction is permanent or not.
D. the causes of extinction.
5. What is the writer's main theme in the passage?
A. contrasting attitudes to extinction
B. the principal drawback ~f extinction
C. misunderst andings about extinction
D. why extinction is so widespread
. ,,

'

p.

B. You ctre going to read a magazine article. Seven paragrap hs

have been removed from the article. Choose from the
paragrap hs A-H the one which fits each gap {1-7). There is one
extra paragrap h whic. you do not need to use.
A. As ? result, the impact nn the instrument al curriculum and the
measures used to assess progress through it-will be such that they will
66

BDA12

need to adapt to maintain their relevance for a broader sector of the

population. Ultimately, they will need to encompass a wider range of
musical skills.
B. For llll these reasons, there is likely to be a continuing. demand for
instrumental teaching in the short term. What alout the longer term
picture? Is there likely to be a shift in focus and, if so , what direction
will it take?
C. I would respond to the latter question on a positive note. The music
industry is one bf the major generators of income in Britain and musical
skill ai;id talent will continue to be important in preparing individuals to
work in a variety of profi""_,sions, in particular those related to the media:
D. This represents a fundamental change from traditional practice and it
need to respond to demands for .pblic
will be accompanied by the
'
.
'
.
acc~untability. :Viewed positively, this should provide an opportupity
for all those involved in music education to demonstrate the high
quality of music tuition available .
E. There seems little doubt that the widening access to musi c is likely to
continue , fulfilling _as 1t does so .nany human need s. On a national
level , no major state occasion is without mus:O:c. For individuals, it
provides oppo1tunities for numerous activities , formal and informal.
F. One_of the best-recognised functions is- that of providing an outlet for
emotional expression . Its influence on our moods can be therapeutic.
It provides a means of communicating which goes beyond words and
vprovides us . with shared unspoken understandings .
G. Developing in parallel With this trend is a likely increase in the
number of people~ across the whole age range, who wish to actively
participate in music making. Such activities are likely to be
community based and will reflect the musical traditions of-- that
communi y whatever they may be.

('

H. While these results are still to be successfully replicated, other data from
Europe has indicated that an increase in group music lessons can have
positive effects on social relationships in school and on concentratio:i il,
young children and those with behavioural difficulties.
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67

Music - The challenge Ahead

Technolof cal advances co-ntirHte to trqn~ror , 0~ l '1/~S
and in our leisure activities. Susan H.iilam discusses their impact on
music in Britain.
~

t 'l<f'

Jy, the latt,er part of the 2oih century, we saw a rapid increase in the
opportunities available for listening to music through radio, TV, records,
tapes , CDs , videos and a rapidly developing range of ~ulti-med~a
techniques. Along with tl!is, there has been a qecline in the performance
of; live music and i~ . the full-time employment . opportunities for
professional musicians .
(1) .... .. .. ........ .. ................ ... .. .... .. .... ..... ... .... .:. ....... ............. .

lnd~ed, a society without music is surely unthinkable and _it seems that
.
'
.
the issue is not whether there will be music in the 21 st centllry but what
the nature of that music will be; and also whether there will be . a
continued perceived need for people to learn to play musical instruments.
(2) .... ..:.... ...... ......... ..... ....... : ...... .. ........ ...... .................... ...

In addition to its vocational significance, there is a growing body of

evicjence that playing an instrument may be beneficial to the
de~elopment , of skills at an earlier stage. Re!,earch in the DSA lias
su~g~sted that listening to or actively making music has a direct positive
effect on spatial reasoning, one aspect of the meas urement of intelligence.
(3) .. ...... ... ....... ....... ................................... ....... ... ............ .

Ta,k ng the idea behind such findings one step further, current research is
inve::tigating to what extent playing an instrument may even encourage
the development of transferable skills. For instance, the need to practise
regularly may assist in the acquisition of good study habits and focused
concentration ; playing in concerts may encourage h abits of punctuality
and good organisation

68

BDA12

 .....:...:.. .......
( 4 ) .... ... ....... ... ... ..... : ... ...... .. : .. ......... .... . =
. While t here are many possible scenarios; I believe that two possibilities
are likely. Firstly, the kinds of music to ~hich' people will listen will
become more diverse . . New genres will devdop which will integrate
different styles. Secondly, there will be an increase in the use of
t echno!ogy to compose and perform music. Thii- will widen access to
composition as there will be less reliance on technical skill but at the
same time , it is likely to furth er reduce the nred for live performance and
musicians whose roie is solely related to it.
,

(5) .. .. ........ .... .......... .. ........ .... ... .. .... ...... ... .. : .. ... ... ......... .. .. .

If this vision of the future is to be realised , what does t h e music

profession need to do in preparation? The focus of instrumental tuitio~
will need t.o change . Ways will need to be found. o enable more people to
learn to play a range of instruments, throughouf their life span .
(6 ) .... ..... ... ... ... .. ...... ... .... .. ... ... ...... , ... ... .. ....... .. ...... ...... ..... .

Crucial to the success of the process will be the training of musicians.

They will need to be able _to motivate, inspire and teach learners of dl
ages , develop skills for working with large and di verse groups c1.nd acquire
the communication, social , entrepreneurial and managemE:nt skills .
necessary for community wo~k.
(7) ... ........ ., ...... ....... ....... ..... ..... .......... .............. ... .. .. .. .... .. .

F inally, we need to strive towards raising the P.rofile of music itself.

Music plays a crucial role in our lives but all too often it is taken for
granted. Those involved in the music profession at all levels need to work
actively together to ensure that this changes.

IV. USE OF ENGLISH

A. Read the following text and decide which word best fits each
blank.
-

When in B-ritain, you must never complain. Complaining is very

un-British. If you are (1) .... ...... ....... ...... ... waiting half an hour in a shop,
if a bus (2) ..... .. .... ............. .. is rude to you, if a waiter brings your food icecold - you keep your mouth shut. Th~ (3) "' upper lip is the
BDA12

69


. British way. Other nationalities might make a '(4) .. ............... ........ .,
protest loudly or call for .the manager, but not the British.
Remember also that British ears are (5) ...... ... ...... ... .. .. .. .. not tuned
to hear complaints. A friend of mine was a regular (6) .. ...... .... .. ......... ... at
a famous and expensive London restaurant. Every day at 2p.m. and 9p.m .
the (7) ....... ............. ...... manager would ~ome out (as he had been doing for
the last 37 y~ars), go from tahle to table and (8) .. :...... .... .. .. ... ... ..... 'Did
you enjoy your meal?' Fo! 37 years, hundreds ~f thousands of properly (9)
... ......... .... .......... up English people had replie~ to him: 'Very much indeed .'
The man would smile, say 'Thank you very much', and (10) .... .... ... ... ........... .
to the next table.
One day, however, the lunch was so (11) .... ..... .. .... .... ....... that my
friend (Dutch mother, Albanian father) decided to tell him the naked
truth. So , when the ant ' 'iUated manager (12) ............... .. ......... at his .table
.
as usual and asked, 'Did you enjoy your meal, sir?' my friend replied:
'(13, .... .............. ........ , not at all . It was appalling.' To which thr manager
gave hi s (14) ......... ....:............ , obsequious smile, said: 'Thank you very
much, sir', and moved on, qu~te (15) ............ .. ............ .
1.
2.
3.
4.

A made

A. condi1ctor
A hard
A. discussion
5; A. simply
. 6. A. supporter
7. A. mature
8. A. inquire
9. A. raised
10. A. motion
11. A. offensive
12. A. appeared
13. A. Sincerely
14. A. customary
\15. A. convinced.

70

B. kept
B. atten'dant
B. inflexible
B. argumen't
B. easily
. B. purchaser
B. elderly
B. query
B. grown
B. progress
B. painful
B. surfaced
13. Largely
B. average
B. fulfilled

C. stayed
D. held
C. assistant
D. steward
C. firm.
D. stiff
.C. quarrel
D. fu ss
C. utterly
D. modestly
C. customer
D. guest
c ..outdated
D. vintage
C. request
D. probe
C. educated
D. brought
C. stride
D. shift
C. abominable D. harrowing
C. descended
D. joined .
C. Bluntly
D. Frankly
C. commonplace D. daily
C. satisfied
D. complete

BDA12

orie '
B. Fill each of the numbere d blanks in the passage with - \\
suitable word.
. It is forecast that we can look (1) ......... .. ............... to working fewer
hours in the f4ture, but it is necessary for health and tranquill ity to work
a certain (2) .... .. .... ..... . :..... .... of hours per week, ideally doing .a variety of
jobs - somethin g schools (3) .. .. '. .. ..... ... .......... always known. It (4)
.. ... .: ... .. .......... .... be that house building w:.11 (5) ... ..... .. .. ... ..... :.. ... this need.
It is a very basic human instinct. Gaidenin g is a related
(6)...... .. ..... ...... ....... . It is already cheaper to (7) .... .. .................... many
fruits and vegetable s than to buy t hem in the shops and
the house of the next decade should take this into (8) ............... .. ..........
Another importan t question is (9) ........... ...... i ....... : of energy
conservat ion. The proportio n of income (10) ............... .... ....... on keeping
warm is steadily going up, and, with the cost of energy .
(11) ...... .. ... ... ...... ... ... to double in r'c)al terms during the next ten yeari:: or
(12) ........... ............... , many large badlyins ulated old houses will become
extremel y expensive to use. The demand wil} he (13) ...._. .......... ... .... ... .
small, well-insu lated homes (14) :, i.n warm p~otected areas
and making the (15) .. . :............ .... ... .. . use of the sun's warmth. Efficient
heating units will be (16) .............. .. .. .... .. .. prime importan ce. At (1 7)
................ .... ..... . we waste a lot of spac;e (18) .;... ............... ...... planning
rooms which are awkward to use.
C. For each of the followin g s.ntences, write a new sen'te.rice as
similar as pos;;ible in meaning to the origin sentence , but using
the word given in capital letters. These words must not be
altered in any way.
g difficulty in breathing .
1. The accident victim was having increasin
r
I
....... ...... .... .. ... ....... .. ............. .... ... .... ........ .... .. ..... ... ... ..... . ....... . DIFFICU LT
..
2. S~e wasn't speaking seriously .
........ .' ....................... .... ... .... ................ ... .. ..... ............... .... .. ......... .. TONGUE
3. Defeat is inevitabl e if you play him at chess .
, ...... .... ..... .... .... ............. .... ... ... ..... .... ........ .. .: ...................... .... ...... .' ... ROUND :'
./
4. Chalk and cheese aren't at all like.
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. 71

... '. .......: ......... ....... .. ... ..... .'.. ... ~ .. ..... ..........\ .. :..:........ ........ :... COMPARISON
5. It's a pity she died soyoung.
6. . Nobody helped me /lt ~11 .
... ...... ...... .... ... .. .............. ... ,...... .... ............... ..... ._... ................... .... ... FINGER
7. We sud9enl y. decided to go .awayfo r the weekend .
.... ... .. ..... ...... ... ........ .. .. .... .... ..... ...... .. :.. .. .... ....... .. .... .... ..... ... .. ... :........... SPUR
. 8. You're far more practica l than I. am.

~..

....... ............ .. ........ ... ...... ..... .. .......-.... .,.~ ... , ..... :... .. ... .... .... NOWHERE

9. I was there when he admitte d the truth .

................ .... .. ... ..... ........... ... ...............:., ...... .... ........... .... ........ .. PRESEN CE
10. He is unlikely to carry out the plan .
... ... ..... .... .... ...... .. .... ... .... .. ........ ... ..... .. .. ...... ... ...... .... ......... ........ .PRACTICE

D. Finish each of the followi ng sentenc es in such a way tho.t it is

as similar as possibl e in meaniii g to the sentenc e printed before
it.
1. People say that the presiden t wanted to be a film star.
The presiden t is ..... ....... :.. .. .................... ... ... .. .'... ...... .:...... .. .... ................ ..
2. In the unlikely event of a fir~, please do not use the lift.
Should ....... .... ........ ."...... :...... ... .... .... ...... ... ... .... ...... ...... ............ ....... :.... ... ..... .
3. It's impossi ble for them to have found him in that jungle.
He ........................ ....... .... ....... ....... ........ .'... .... '. ............_... ........... ................ ... .
4. I ::tm very much looking forward to seeing my great grandso n for the
first time.
What .......... ;...... ....... ..., ..... .. .. :.. ... .. .. ....... .. ...-.. ... ... ...... .. ... ........ .... -:-: .. ..... ......... .
5. If you want to sav9 your eyesigh t, we must operate immed_i"l.tely.
Only by .... ..... ... ... ... , .. .. ............. .... ..... :.. ...... ..... ...... .... ....... ........................ ..
6. It was his ow~ fault that he lost his job. He was late for work every
morning .
If ...:: ... .... ...... .......... ........ ... ............... .... .... ...... .... ........................ .. .. ....... .... .. .
7. Attenda nces at the exhibiti 9n r.av<:l been down this year.
The
. exhibiti on ........... .. ............... .........
. .. .... .... .. ............ .. ........... .. .......... .... .
8. I'm more interest ed in the people than t~e job.
l
It's not the .. .............. .... ...................... ... ... ................. ....... ................... ... .. . .
~

72

BDA12

9. '!'hey declarec war on the pretext 0f' defendin g their territorial rights.
.
I
.
The exc'...lse ..... ............. .. .... ........ .. .... .. .. .. .. ...... .... .:..:... ... .......... ......... .... .. .
10. Although Johnny B'rax drives carefully on public roads , he is a terror
on the race track.
Johnny Brax is a .. ..... ... ....... ......... ........ .... ... .. ..... ........ ....... .. ... ... .... ........ .... .

V. COMPOSITION
Write '.a composition (200 words) about the following topic:
THE IMPORTANC E OF CONFIDENC E

PRACTICE TEST 2
I. VOCABULARY
A. Choose the best word from .A, B, C or D that fits each _blank.
1. Why don't the polic.e take : .. measures against crime?
D . .efficient
C. effective ,
F . ineff~ctive
A. affective
2. The strikers agreed to stick ......_..... ... ........ .. a substantial pay rise.
D. up to
C. together
B. out for
A. up for
3. As she is so heavily overworked, there is a ...... .... .. .. .......... possibility
, that she will have a nervous breakdown.
D. manifest
C. little
B. distinct
A. distinctive
his
4. When Mr. Spendthrift rn.n out of money, he

5.
6.

7.
8.

mother for help.

D. fell back 011
C. fell behind
B. feil upon
A. fell in with
You will have to give ... :.................... to the manager for yvur actions .
C. narrative .. D. explanation
B. account
A. report
The t ruant was ....... ........... ,.... from school for unbecoming behaviour.
D. cQIDpelled
. C. expell"d
B. repelled
A. dispelled
What he did was the height of bad .......... ..... ... ..:... .
D. behaviour
C. actions-
B. conduct
A. manner
The .... .... .. .......... ... . of two houses . P!ove such a financial burden that
they were forced to sell one.
D . uproar
C. upsurge
B. upshot
A. upkeep

BDA12

73

9. Of course he can lift that! He's as .. ~........ ..... .. .. .... as a horse.

A. t ough
B. big
C. heavy
D. strong
10 ..... ... ...... ... ....... . to the invention of the st,? am engine, most forms of
transport were horse-drawn.
A. Akin
B. Prior
C. In addition D. With. reference
11. There is no doubt about the outcome of the trial. The man is a
-.. ................. ..... ctiminal.
A. self-con~cious B. self-contained C.. se\f-confessecj
D. self:centred
. .
12. My husband's continual "' keeps me awake at night.
B. snoozing
C. snarling
D. snoring
A. sneering
of brakes as the car took the corner too
13. There was a
quickly.
B. squelch
Q. screech
D. scream
A. squawk
14. I'm afraid I'm rather ....... .... .. ...... :.... a~out the existence of ghosts .
A. sceptical
B. partial
C. adaptable
D.incap~ble .
15. You must pay import ............ ............ on c~rtain goods .brought into this
country.
A. fees
B. surcharges
C. supplement D. duties
16. ~fer hands were swollen and wrinkle, but she still had her nails
........ ... ......... .... :regularly ...
A. manufactured B. manicured
C. maintained D. managed
17. The girl's large, heavy .::-arrings had ....... .. .. ... ...... ... . her earlobes
permanently .i
A. displaced .
B. dismayed '
C. disfigured
D. diseased
18. More and more people are having satellite dishes ...... ... ..... ,.... .. ... on
their roofs.
A. installed
B. introduced
C. implanted
D. inserted
19. Cut flowers may ...... ......... .... ..... through lack of water.
A. faint
B. collapse
C. wilt
D. drop .
20. The actor was so nervous that he could only remember small
.. .. ......... ...... .. ... of dialogue .
B. pieces
A shreds
C. patches
D. snatches
f'

74

..

BDA12

B. Use the correc t form of each of.the words given in parent heses
to fill in the blank in each senten ce.
TRAIN ING FOR A MARA THON
A ; uccessful marath on trainin g program me starts slowly,
before !he big
(1) ..... .-.... .. ............ (intens e) gradua lly and then tapers off
a
race to (2) .......... ........ ... ... (sure) maxim um energy . A typical schedu le for
beginn er lasts six weeks, which is enough time to build. up the endura nce
and (3) .. ..... ........... .. .. ..(strong ) needed to run twenty -six miles while
be
avoiding (4 )........................ (injure) . Before you begin trainin g you should
capable of (5) .... .. .................. (comfort) runnin g f~r 45 minute s. The most
to
import ant elemen t in the program me is long runs, as these allow you
deve!ope the physica l and mental (6) ..... .... .. .......... ...(tough) that will
enable you to run for sevE:-al hours withou t ('/) ... ... ... ........... .... (interru pt).
To be fresh f~r the race, make your final run two or three wP-eks before
the marath on.
BORN TO BICKE R
It seems so petty and (8) ... ... .. .. ......... .... .(child)!While we expect sibling
to
(9) ... ....... ....... ....... (rival) among our childre n we're often embarr assed
find similar emotio ns ourselves. Yet we do someti mes have
(10) ... ....... ......... ..... (pain ) animos ities that can cause some of the most
life .
adult
of
problem s
(11) .. ........ .......... .... (resclve)
.
(12) ........... ............. (compe te ) is il)here nt in all aspects of life . .If natio-1s
compete, it shouldn 't be surpris ing that sibling s do too - for their
parents ' affectio n and then for the ( 13) ...... ..... ............ .(admire) of bosses,
peers and friends . As we grow older we usually find that there is enough
be
love and ( 14) ........... ........... .. (recognise) to go round. Some sibling s may
more (15) .......... ...... .. ...... (assert ) while others have more urgent needs for
love and attenti on and this can produce conflict.

C. In most line of the follo'w ing text, there is one word which is
not in the correc t form. For each numbe red line from 1 to -16,
write the correc t formed word in the space. Some lines are
correc t. Indica te these lines with a tick (...J).

BDA12

75

Who were the people r esponsible for collE:ction and sendin

g plants from 6ne
1.
country to another'? A1,d why did they do it? Initially they were
travel lers with
2.
dther purpose: lraden5 , colonlsts, pilgr!ms and missio:i.aries have all been 3.
import ant in providing n ew plants for Engfo,h gardens.
They sent back
4.
indigenous ~vild plants, or sometimes, as in. the cases of visitor
s to China and
5 ..
II Japan, plants which have been culbva ted and improved for hundreds of years. 6.
J This worked , of couri::e, in both
directions: Englis h garden s were makin g in
7.
the most. unlikely places.
Travellers did not alw1;tys recognise an interes ting plant on seen
it - interes ting,
8.
that is, to the collector at home. So in the 16th and 17th century
, attemp ts were
9.
made to collect on ' a most professional basis, either by
patron s sendin g
10.
collections into the field, or by subscriptions to financ e local
enthus iasts in the
11 .
most promis ed areas. By 1611 John Trade3 cant was travell ing
and collect ing
12.
in France and other parts of Europe. Lately, Peter Collinson,
a London
13.
merch ant, who had seen the richne ss of the plant materi
al sendin g back by
14.
Trades cant, organi sed a syndic ate to finance the amate
ur botanical John
15 .
Bartra m. Before long, special collectors were being dispatc hed
to all parts of
16
I the world by institutions such as the Ch~lsea Physic Gard_e_n - - - - - - - - ~-_ :__J

II.GRAMMAR
A.
1.
2.
3.

Put one suita ble prepo sition in the blank of each sente
nce.
I wish you'd stop arguin g .... ................... . politic s all the time.
Could you deal ........................ this proble m. I'm rat her busy.
The lights_ are desig ned to deter burgl ars ...... :: .'.'. .... .....
. appro achin g
the house .
4. Your plan doesn 't allow .. ....... ...'...... ...... chang es in the
weath er.
5. I would like to prote st .... :.. ..... ............ your treatm ent
of the staff.
6. Dama ge to the buildi ng result ed .. .. :......... ....:.. an unusu
ally high wind.
7. We really marve lled .. ..... ...... ...... .. .'.. Helen 's conju ring
tricks .
8. I am ~ot ;eally conce rned ..... ... .... ..... .~..... that side of
the busin'e ss .
9. The Minis ter is also implic ated .... ... ..... .. ... .... .. . the scand
al.
10. The compa ny is comm itted ...... ...~. raisin g salari es
and impro ving
condi tions.

B. Put each verb in paren these s into ,=;,n appro priat e form.
Millio ns of years ago , trees from now (1.) ..................
. ....... (vanis h)
forest s produ ced a sticky substa nce that slowly (2)...........
............ :..(hard en)
into spark ling rocks . Often , the (3) ...... ........... ......... (hard en)
sap would drip
76

BDA1 2

onto ap 1:1nlucky grassh0pper or . beetle, (4) .............. : (encase) it in a

premature . tomb. Today, a piece of . amber with such content is worth
thousands of dollars . However, not long ago, miners tossed out thBse
(5) ....... ,.......... ........ (flaw) and worthless. The
pieces, believing them
r
"
,
preservation of creatures in .amber is (6) ....... :.................. (amaze).
Scientists are able to cut the amber and expose the actual structu,res of a
prehistoric creat1;1re's muscles, eyes, jaws and nervous systems. ~though
amber supplies (7) ............ .. ........ .... (decline) jn some areas of the wo:cld, it
is doubtful that the supplie,s (8) ........ ........... ,...... (depl_ete) any time soon.
, (9) ......... ... .............. (discover),
always.
deposits
New
(10) ....................... ... (guarantee) a rich link to the past.

III.-.READING
A. Read the passage and answer the questions which follow by
choosing the best, suggestion.
There is a distinct cadence to an English sentence, with the voice falling
on the last word to indicate that it is the end of the utterance. Nowadays ,
on television, more often than not a speaker is cut off in mid-sentence. You
always know it because the voice is still rising. The bit of the sentence that
one hears may make perfectly good sense in itself, but cne knows that the
speaker simply has n<?t finished making his point.
It-is- extremely irritating-and even physically di:;turbing to the viewerand, to my mind , it is very offensive to the speaker as welL That is the
point I really want to make here. A culture of rudeness has sprung up on
British television in the past two or three years. Allowing people to
speak, to have their say, is one of the essential points of good manners
and respect for other people. Talking while other people are talking,
interrupting them, turning one' s back on them before tl.ey have finished
- 't hese are heinous crimes against courtesy.
Yet television news does this all the time - and prides itself on the
technical skill with which it does it. That neat insertion of half a
politician's sf:ntence into a carefully-Worded little news item .- how
pleased, you can feel, the reporter and the editor of the bulletin are with
the deftness they have displayed in their craft.

BDA-12

77

.
This cult ure of rudene ss is not, howeve r, a matter of
broadc asters
being deliber ately and ostenta tiously rude. It reflects a disagreeable dbse
of self-im portanc e, no doubt, but it also springs to some degree from
a
proper pursuit - that of reporti ng clearly and briskly what people such
as
politici ans have got to say on a subject of interes t. But' it treats people
who ar e on televisi on as mere inert materia l to be choppe d up and pasted
into the bulletin as require d . This seems t o me a classic case of
the
medium itself being the messag e - and a very bad messag e too.
Viewer s do not see politici ans as scraps of 'copy' 10 be used as needed .

They accept the illusion of televis ion , and r egard t h em a s people, whom
t he television person n el are t re~ting like dirt . The bulletin s send
a
messag e that it is nevert heless perfectly all right t o treat people like t
his .
After all, is it not tl).e great figures of televisi on who are doing it: That
is
t he way bad behavi our spread s an d grows.
1. What h as t he writ er noticed about people who are speaki ng
on
televis ion?
A. Th ey have come to expect t o be interrupted.
B. They try to make sure they are allowed to finish what they are say_ing.
C. Th ey frequen tly sh ow their annoyance at being interrupted.
D. They are denied the chance to complet e statements they are making.
2. The writer sugges ts in the third paragra ph that many news items
A. ar e m :Jant t o show the experti se of th e broadcasters.
B. would be bett er withou t politici ans in t hem.
C. n1ake little sense to ma ny pe.:,ple watchi ng t hem.
D. contain t hings which a re not really r elevant .
3. What does th e writer believe about broa~c ast ~rs?
A .They spend too little time prepari ng program mes. 01
B. They are not r eally sure what impres sion they want to create.
C. Th ey do not care what people think of their program mes.
D. Th ey are acting partly out of honour able intenti ons.
4. Th e writer says t hat viewer s b'elieve that
A. what they see on televisi on has little relevan ce to t hem.
B. broadc asters have t he wr ong' attitude to politici ans.

' 78

BDA12

.
C. the stand ards of broad castin g in gener al have fallen
D. politi cians are not all the same as each othe'r.
5. What is the write r's m;:i.in them e in-th e passa ge?
A. the loss of good mann ers in Britis h life.
B. the way in which conve rsatio ns should be conducted.
C. the ill-m anner ed behav iour of Briti sh br-oadcasters.
D. the react ions of viewe rs when they watch TV.

A-G fit into the

B. You must choo se whic h of the para grap hs '
le. Ther e is one
numb ered gaps in the follo wing maga zine artic
any of the gaps .
extra para grap h whic h does not fit
g to gain atten tion.
A. He actua lly starte d toyin g with the team and tryin
a team mem ber
He would inc!e ase hi~ heart rate and show distre ss so
perso ~ enter ed
had to quickly suit up to check him over. But as the
al.
the pool, his heart rate .retur ned to norm
.
in, gettin g out isn't
. B. It is large but has only a small openi ng so, once
creat ure and it
easy. The boats at the even t would have panic ked the
ended up beach ed, batte red and drain ed of energy.
paper s as well as
C. The story actua lly appea red in sever al natio nal news
ties like the
the local press . Publicity is very impo rtant for chari
pleas es the
Mari ne Life Rescue, provi ding precious expos ure which
spons or comp anies and.highl ights the team 's ~ork.
a double-glazing vanD. Luck t hen seem ed to be on the team 's side when
his servi ces to
drive r stopp ed to inves tigate . The drive r offered
a lady spect ator
trans port the dolph in back t o the Sea Life Ceqtr e and
ble wate r to keep
gave the team .a brand new cooler box to store valua
the dolph in moist.
had starte d to swim
E. However, by the time they arriv ed, the dolph in
desce nded on the
unsup porte d. The press _picke d up on the story and
infor matio n they
Sea Life Centrti want ing storie s, pictures and any
the other team
could get hold of. And they want ed a name . Mark and
y' - after all, it
mem bers had a hasty think and came up with 'Mudd
was found at Mudeford.

in

BDA12

79

F. Now the battle to save its l_ife could begin , but a

transp ortati on
proble m arose. How 'do you get a grown dolph in back to
the Sea Ute
Centr e witho ut ? vehicle !:>ig enough?
G. The creatu re was so weake ned Ly the ordea l .that it
could not even
keep itself afloat and had to .be walke d in t.he. t~n,k to stop,
it from just
sinkin g to the botto m ;.and -drowning. Mo~t people can
only walk -a
dolph in for aroun d 20 minut es to , half an hour. Holdi
ng a 150 kg
_anima l away from your body and walki ng throu gh
water at sea
tempe rat~re saps yo~r stre~g th .
'

-------------- w -------- ------

DOL PHIN RESC UE

Free time isn't in the vocab ulary of Britis h Diver s' Mari
ne Life
Re.<;cue teams ; one fairly norm al week end recen tly spille
d over into
three weeks , as a seal move turne d into a majo r dolph
in rescu e.
To find a beacl. ed and strand ed dolph ih is a rarity ; to nurse
one back
from the -brink of death , and . reintr oduce it into the
wild, is almos t
unhea rd of. Only two cases have occurred in Britai n, the
most recen t of
which involved a rescue team from Britis h Diver s' Marin
e Life Rescue.
They starte d the weeke nd trying to re'locate a 9ft l:,ull seal
and finish ed it
fighti ng to save a dolph in's life after the Sea Life Centr
e on the south
coast h ad inform ed them that a dolph in was beach
ed at Mudeford
(pronounced Muddyford ) near Bourn~mouth.
The dolph in was found by a lady, who mu~t have heard
~he messa ge
tellin g anyon e who found it what to do. The anima l was
kept wet and its
blowhole clean . Mark Steve ns of the rescue team says: 'The
dolph in would
have certai_nly been in a worse condit ion, if not dead, if
that lady hadn't
know n what to do .'
(1) .... ..... ... .. ........ .. .. ..... .. .. ..... .. .. .... : ............. .. .... .. ......

.. .. . ..

'I can't thank those people enough. The woman even

gave us her
lemon ade so we could have a much-needed drink .' The
Sea Life Centr e
had hastil y moved sever al large tope and the odd stingr
ay from their
quara ntine tank, and the dolph in was duly instal led.

80

BDA1 2

{2) ... .. ........ ... .. ........ .... .. : .. ........... .. ... .. ..... .. ... ... ..... ......... . ..

Hy 1 a .m. the team were running out of energy and needed . more help.

But where do you fincl volunteer s at that time . of night? Mark knew of
only one place and called his friends at the local dive centr~.
(3 ) .. ....... ... ........-... . : ... .. ... .... .... ... ..... ........ .... .. .... .. ....... .. .... .

The teall). allowed the _photographers in for a few minutes at a time, not
wanting to stress the creature too much. They had to walk a .fine line between
highlighting the animal's ordeal and .being detrimental to its health.
(4) .... .. ....... ... : .......... .. .. : ........... : .. ....... ... .......... .. ........ ....... .

Ho~ a striped dolphin got st randed in Mudeford isn't clear because they
are primarily ar. oceangoing, rather than an inshore , species. Theories
suggest that he was chucked out of his pod (group of dolphins ) for some
reason and , maybe chasing fish or attracted by the sounds corning from
the Mudeford water fostival , _wandered into the bay by accident.
(1:) ......... ..... ............ .......... ... ... .. ...... .... .. ..... ....... ... .. ......... .

It tock severai days before the dolphin was comfortable enough to feed
itself - in the meantim e it had to be tube-fed . Fish was mashed up and
fo rced down a tube inserted into the dolphin's stomach. It's not a nice
procedure , bt..t without it the dolphin would have died. Event ually he
started to feed and respond to treatmen t . .
(6 ) ......... ... .. ....... ............ ..... ... .. ............... .. .... ... : .. ........ .... .

His health improved so much that it was decided to release him, and on
Tuesday, 24t h August, the boat Deeply Dippy carried \ he dolphin out past
the headland near the Sea Life Centre. The release , thankfull y, went
without a hitch ; the dolphin hung around the area for a while before
heading out to sea. And that was t.tie end of another ~uccessful operation .

IV. USE OF ENGLIS H

A. Read the followin g t~xt and decide which word best fits .each
blank.
YOUR AMAZING MEMORY
The age-old (1) ........... ........ ....... that a drowni.ng man's whole life
passes before him in a (2) ..... .. ...... ...... ....... before .he dies is perfectly
BDA12

81

true . Or ~o . Canadia n neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield , who (3)

.................... .. .... research into the (4) .... ...................... in the 1950s,
.

.
concluded. And it happens not oniy wh{ln a p~rson drowns, but whM1
he

or she believes death is immine nt, say .those who have been saved at the
last (5) .... ... ................... .
A curious (6) ... _. ............. ......... of the experien ce is that in thos_
e ..
(7).... ......................
moment s of consciou sness one's life is replayed .
backwar ds; forgot.t -n people, places and events crowd iI?,tO the mind's eye
with (8) ................... ... .... clarity. Penfield believed that this occurs
because the brain normall y (9) .. ........ ................ all memori es , but only a
~peci&l trigger can (lOJ .. ...................... .. them, such as death or the belief
1

that death is immine nt.

Another theory is that the tempora l lobes , where memori es are
stored, are especial ly (U) .. . ........ ... .... ........ to interrup tions in the supply
of oxygen to the brain, and these in (12) .. .............. ..... .... , wr~ak havoc
. '
.
. .
with the brain's 8lectrica
l signallin
g system. People
suffocat ing, drownin g
.
.
.
.
or being hanged, for instance , (13) ........ .. ................ consciou s long enough
to (14) ...... .... .......... ... ... the bizarre effect of this oxygen starvati on. This
projects every (15) .......................... memory into the consciou sness.

'~

1. A. convicti on
. 2. A. ray
3. A. prepare d
4. A. phenom eno.n
5. A. time
6. A. mark
7. A. final
8. A. absolute

. 9. A.
10. A.
11 . A.
12.A.
13. A.
14. A.
15. A.
82

hoards
remind
vulnerab le
order
endure
behold
vacant

B. belief
B. flicker
B'. pioneere d
B. happeni ng
B. period
B. feature
B. end
B. entire
B. ~eposits
B. rememb er
B.- unprotec te~
B. place
B. remain
B. spectate .
B. conveni ent

C. impress ion
D . judgeme nt
C. sparkle
D . fla sh
C. developed - D . launche d
C. event
D., episode
C. point
D . moment .
C. trait
D. quality
C. conclusi on
D . eventua l
C. full
D. downrig ht
C. reserves
D. stores
C. recall
D . reminis ce
C. damage d
D . powerle ss
C. turn .
D. sii:le
C. wait
D. continue
C. witness
D. scan
c. employa ble D. availabl e

. (i

.,

BDA12

'
B. Fill each of _the numbered blanks in the passage with one _
suitable word.

Let's assume that choosing your holiday was trouble - free. A rash
assumption, I admit, for I know about the hearthside arguments that
brochures (1) ... .. .. ... .. .. ..... ....... spark off. However, I ' must confine
(2).. . .. . . ........... .... ... . to the things that could go wrong once you
(3)................ ... ...... out on your travels or aftc1 you arnve at your
(4) .............. ............. .

(5) ..... ... ..... .... ...... ... I claim no qualification (6} ..... .... .. ...... .... ..... an

adviser, I do have under my belt practical experience which has been

(7)... ...... ... . ..... .. .. .... ov~r twenty years of globetrotting. First, one basic
ground rules t hat (8) .... .... ..: ............ .. . in. all situations. If something does
go wrong, tl;ten bear in (9) . .. .. ... . ... . ...... ... .... that y~u are not he fi~st
person to have ( 10) .. ........................ something 1,at or stolen, or to have
been ( 11) . ..... .... .... ............ . in accidents or illness . . The people to
( 12) .... ....... .... ...~ .... .. . you go for help are (1~) ....... : .. ....... ......... with the
proper way of doing things and you can best help by keeping as
(14) ..... ..... ...... ...... ... . as possible and ( 15) ........ .. .. ......... .... . them with tr.e
information they need.
(16 ) .. .... ... ... ... ..... ...... to say, you should be adequately insured and

carry (17) ...... ... .. : ..... ....... .. of that insurance. (18) ... .. .. .. ........ .... ... .. - who
travels abroad without proper cover (19) .: ... .... ......... .... ... . little. sympathy
in the ( 20) ... ... .... .... .... ........ of trouble .

C. For each of the following sentences, write a new sentence as

similar as possible in meaning to the origin sentence, but using
the word given in capital letters. These words must not be
altered in any way.
to speak five languages fluently.
i. Anne is pr.oud of her ability
,
.. ..... ............ ... ...... ... ... .. .. .... .. .... ...:... ... ..... ................. ..... .. ... .............. PRIDES
2. Please pour yourself a drink while I'm getting ready .
.... ..... ... ...... .... ... :... ........ ...... :.. ........ ........... :....... ......... .. ..... ..... .. . YOURSELF
3. You shouldn't feel that what 4appened was your fault .
.......... ... ..... .... .. ..... ... ... .. :.... ..... ... ....... ....... ....... ..... .. ..... ......... ..... ........ ..... FOR

BDA12

83

4. She does not want to be involved in the scandal caused by her

husband' s remarks :
I

...... ....... .. .......... ....... ... :......... '. .......................... ...... .................... DJST ANCE
5. It would be easy'to make a film adaptation of Danielle Steel's latest novel.
........................ .... ..... :... .. .......... ....... .......... .... .. .......... ...... ....... ....... ITSELF
6. Raising the standard of living of the poor is all he spends his time on.
'......... .... .: .................. .... .... .. ........ .... ... ............. ..... ...... -........ ........ .. HIMSEL F
7. He reluctant ly accepted that he would have to spend the evening on
his own .
... ..... .................... ................ ...... .... ........... ....... ...... .. ... :.... .... ..... SPENDIN G
8. You need not make a final decision now about whether or not to
support the proposal.

......... ........ .... .. :... ... ..... ...... ..... ...................... ..... ......... :... ..... ... .... .... COM1\1IT
9. Were the children good while the baby-sitt er was here?
.. ... ............ .. ........................ ....... ........... ..... ............ .. ............ THEMSE LVES
10. She knew she couldn't cope with the temptatio n to eat the bar of
chocolate .
. .... .. ... .... .. .. . . ... .. . .. .. . .. .... ...... ... ..... .... .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... ... ... ... . .... .. . . .. .. .. .. ... ... .. TRUST

.D. Finish_ each of the following sentence s in such a way that it is as

similar as possible in meaning to the sentence printed before it.
1. You have done really well to pass your driving test so quickly.
She congratulated ...................... .................. ........ ............. .... : ................... .
2. _This is the first time that I have seen an eclipse of the sun.
Never .. ...... .. .. ..... ....... .................. ..... .. :........ .... ...... .... -... .. ... ...... .' ................. ... .
3. No .situation . is inore depressin g than being unemploy ed.
Being ....... ............ .. ......... .. ............ ................... ................................ .. ... ..... . .
4. If you should get caught doing this. You will go to prison.
Were ............... .. ......... .. ..... .. ............. ......... ... .... ............................. .. ............ .
5. I admit he's clever, b_u t I don't think he'll solve this problem ............. .. ..
However .... ................... .. ..... ... ........ .. ....... ....... .......... .... ... ............. ..... .
6. The thi nking is that he has been targeted to succeed the president .
He is ... ..... ............... .. .-.. ............ ........ ~ ......... ... .......... .. ... ... ............. ... .......... .
7. The house collapsed .because of faulty building W.'.)rk.
It was .............. .. ..... .. ... .. ...... ... ..... .... ..... .................. ....... ....... ... .. .......... :....... .

84

BDA12

8. 'l'hey arf not going to reach an agreement before it's too late.
By the time ...... ...... :..........~ .......... ....._...... :... ..._.,... ........... .... :... .. ...... ...... ... ... .
9. Many people died because of the lack of medical facilities.
It .'.. ... .. .................................. .... .. ... ..... ................ ... .......... -............ ... ... ........... .
10. He managed to complete the sculpture althoug~1 his eye~ight was
failing.
Despite ... ....... ... .............. .. ... .,...... ....................................... .. ....... ..... .... ... ... .
VI. COMPOSITI ON
Write a composition (350 wor.ds) ah9ut the following topic:
Some peopJe believe that a college or university education
should "!Je available to all students. Others believe that higher.
education should be available only to good students. Discuss
these views. Which view do you_agree with? Explain why.
~~~~~~~&-~~~~~~

PRACTICE TEST 3
I. VOCABULA RY

A. Choose the best word from A, B, C or D that fits each blank.

1. Her business must be going rather well, .... .. .... ... .... .. ... .. by the car she
drives .
D. judging
C. inferring
B. deciding
A deducing
2. My cousin obviously didn't : : .. much of an impression on
you if you can't remember meeting him.
D. build
C. make
B. do
A create
of a
3. I was kept awake for most of the night by the
mosquito m my ear.
D. screech
C: groan
B. moan
A whine
4. If you would like to wait for a moment, sir, I will just .. .... ... ...... ... .. ... .
your file on t he computer screen.
D. pick up
C. bring in
B. pull down
A call up
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85

5. He looks very aggressiv e and threateni ng,. and so his soft, gentle voice

is rather ........................ . .
A disembod ied B. discon~er ting C. dismissiv e
6. If I were 'you, I w0uld r egard th eir offer

D . discordan t
with considera ble

... .'....... ..... .. ...... , because it seems too good to be true.

A. suspicion
B. doubt
C. reservati on D. disbelief
7. My sister's confidenc e in her ability to play the piano was badly
.. .... .... ..... ......... by her last music teacher.
A. subsided
B. weakened
C. undermin ed D. loosened
8 . . F earing for his life , he ...... ......... .. ....... tne mugger for: mercy.
A.' pleaded .
B. petitione d
C. urged
D . begged
9. I am sorry to have bothered you - I was under t h e ..... .... :.... .. ........ that
you wanted me to call you.
A. mistake
B. miscalcul ation
C. misconce ption
D. misappre hension
10. ,I am not convin. ced. that financial advisers always act in their clients'
.
best ................... .... . .
A. advantag e
B. interest
C. intention
D. result
11. Many chi,dren who g~t into troubl.e in their early teens go on to
become .:.. .... ... ............. offenders .
A persisten t
B. insistent
C. consisten t
D . resistant
12. Hace r elations in this country are unlikely to improve unt il people
overcome their ............... .... ..... feelings of hostility towards foreigner s .
A. interior
B. internal
C. inverted
D. innate
13 . The real test of your :elations hip will come when you start to see your
1.ew boyfriend .. : ............ ......... and all:
, ,. faults
B. spots
C. moles
D. warts
14. It's a shame t hey didn't pick you, but it doesn 't ....... :................ out the
possibilit y that you might get a job in a different departme nt.
A. rule
B. strike
C. cancel
D, draw
15. The case against the bank robbers was ...... ................ .. for lack of
evidence.
A. discarded
B. dismissed
C. refused
D. eliminate d
16. Please .................. ...... from smoking until the plane is airborne.

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/.

D . restrain
C. resist
B. exclude
A refrain
17. We're planning; a holiday in Hong Kong when ~eter retires but I don't
know whether it'll really ever come ..... .. ... .... .. :.. : .
D. round
C. off
B. out
A on
18. No matter how angry he was , he would never .:......... ........ .. to violence.
D. resort
C. exert
B. recourse
A resolve
19. The best soil was ..... ......... ... ..... .. away by a torrential rainstorm.
D. washed
C. -flooded
B. flowed
A gushed
20. Five readers ... .. ... ........ .. ... ... the correct solution to our recent

competition. .
A communicated B. qualified

C. submitted

p. subscribed

B. Use the correct form of each of the words given in parentheses

to fill in the blank in each sentence.
WEDDING OF STRANGERS
A wedding between two strangers who met for the first time when
they exchanged marital vows during a peak time radio broadcast has
come in for widespread (}) ..................... ... (critic). Carla ~ermaine .and.
Greg Cordell were married after winning each other in a 'lonely heart'
competiti1J1t vrgaui~erl by nRMB a io -station. The service, pernaps
(2) .... ........... ....... .. (surprise), attracted. the highest ratings figures of the
year.
The model and the salesman were G'3) ............. .. .. .... ... (dismiss) of their
critics und say they have made a serious (4) ...... ....... ........... (cominit) to
-make their marriage work. 'Everyone seems to have the
(5) .. ................ ...... (expect) that we will split up, .hut . we're goir.g to prove
( rl c.f'v)
f'"rrloll c,:,irl r~,
t ni.>rn wrrmct,
'-"V.&.'-4'-'.I..& .._, y,a.u , v, ... ..... , ....... ... ..... \UO.i.J r
V:".I.E, ,
1,1 .L..l. "'-' .A..L.L

The couple were selected from 200 (7) ..... ... ...... ... ..... ..(hope ) candidates
by a panel including (8) .. .... .... ..... ........ .(relate) counsellors and an
astrologer. As well as each other, they won a free honeymoon in the
Bahamas, a sports car and a luxury two bedroom ap~rtment.

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ANIMA LS
-~
t
Most cat or dog owners would swear their pet was virtually human.
'

J
It's pleased to see you and shows its disappro val when you go. It may not
be ~articul arly (9) .... ..... :....... .... ... (talk) or a genius at mathem atics but it
sees grass as green and inhabits as rich world of smells
(10) .. ..... ... . :.... .... ....(imagin e) to us. Until recently such notions of a pet's
inner life, with (11) ............ ... ........ .(similar ) to-our own in some ways would
have been met with a (12) ........ .... ........ ... .(know) sneer in many respecte d
(13) .... .... ..... .... .. ..... (science)
circles. Nowadays m
fact,
claiming
(14) .............. .. .. .. .. ..(conscious) for 'your pets is commonplace. The problem
now is providin g an adequat e (15) ........ ................ (define) of what this
actually means. Is it about having sensatio ns like hunger and pain, or is
it -more about the ability to be aware that you are experien cing
somethi ng?

C. In most line of .the followi ng text, there is one unnece ssary

word. It is either gramm atically incorre ct or does not fit in
with the sense of the text. For each number ed line 1-15, find the
unnece ssary word and then write ' the word in the space
provide d. Some lines are correct . Imlicat e these lines with a
tick ( ,.

-~- -

--

. THE BIG SLEEP

~ ~ - - - - -- -- ~
- - ~-- - - -- - - - ~ ---~
Since
the time immemo rial we have put our trust in a good night's
.
. 0. the
.;5leep to help us look and feel better. And with good reason: sleep
restores the body, builds out muscles, strength ens bones and the
immune system and helps with skin cell~ to regener ate. But just
how much sleep do we really need is a matter of debate. Back in
the 9 th cimtury King Alfred the Great was the ffrsCtct decide that athird of the day - eight hours - should be spent in asleep. Though
we still use .Alfred's idea as a yardfltick, but we all find the sleep
patterns which suit us best. While it's true that too mm~h or too
little of sleep can cause he, daches , drowsin ess, lack of energy
and irritabili ty, it's the quality of sleep or rather than the quantity,
which are matters. Since man's earliest days, all sorts of medicines

88

o.'1

L .. .. .
2 ..... ...
3 .... ...
-.i.-:-:- .... . .
5 ..... .. .
6 ...... ..
7 ... .. .. .

8 .. .... .
9 ... .. . .

lG ..... . .

BDA12

11 ..... :.
sleep.
and drugs ha~ ~een, tried to achieve deep, untroubled
.,
12 ...... .
However,:. to get away from artificial.met.hods, the exercising during
13 ... ... .
the day and avoiding zuc!1 indigestible food, caffeine-filled drinks
14 .. ... ..
and alcohol just before bedtime can .help you to sleep better. And
1 15 ...... .
the ?:ight kind en~ironment is very important. You need to be in
I darkness, warm - but not too warm - and comfortable.

.L~

II. GRAMMAR

A. Re.a d t!iis text and decide for ea.eh gap if you need to addnothing (the zer...o article) /a/an/the.
FUNNY HONEY
In 1642 (1) ... ............. ........ Gen~ral Assembly of Virginia solemnly
passed (2).... .................... !aw declaring tobacco (3)..................... ... only
valid currency in (4) ........ .. .. ............ colony. (5) .............., ......... tobacco then
remained (6).... .................. .. basis of Virginian currency for over
(7) .... ....... .... ......... century. 'fhis was not such (8) .. .. .. .... ...... ... ..... strange
aberration as it might . seem. (9)........................ history shows that
virtually anything scarce, durable and desirable can become
(10).:......... .. .... ... .... money.
..~~~ most varied objects have
In -1I1Q.I:e_re_cenLtimes,_ (llJ~
function ed as money, from (12) .... ...... ....... ....... dogs' teeth in New Guinea
to drums on . (13) ................ ,:...... island of Alor in Indonesia. In
(14) ........ :.......... ..... Thailand, most parts of a tiger could be used as
(15)........... .... ......... cash, including (16).. .. ... .. ... ........ .. .. daws and
(17)....... ... .... . ~... ..... tongue. In (18) ............ ....... ..... course of time, as in
(19) ...... ......... ....... .. China, (20).: ..... ............. ... . real thing was replaced by
(21). . .,~- ~~., .., ..,. replica. Pi ces of silver in (22)...... ....... ..... ...... shape of
(23) ........ ...... ... .... ... tiger's tongue were still changing hands in Thailand
only (24) .. ........ .......... .... few years ago.
But (25)... . .. ... ... ...... .... .. greatest success story among strange
currencie8 was undoubtedly the cowrie shell. For many centuries it was
accepted in payment through much of (26) ........................ Africa and Asia.
In the French Sudan, .cowries remained an acceptable currency for paying

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89

taxes 1mtil . 1907 , when they at last succumbe d to (27) ....... ...... ........ :..
.

re.l@ntl@ss advance of paper money and coing.

B . Fill in each of the followin g spaces with tlie correc~ form of one
of the verbs provided . Use each verb only once.
do
finish
cause
identify
. have
start
pronounc e meet
take
use
fail
speak
arise
I occur
listen
~~~~

~~~~

~~~~

~~

A studen t learning English occasiona lly (1 ) ... .... ., .. .. ...... ..... the following
problems when he (2) .. ........ .. .. ..... .:...
to talks or lectures . It is difficult
to decide where on word (3). ...... .... ... ..... ..... . and the next one
(4) ... ...... ... '. .. ........ . .In speech, many .sounds (5) .................. .... .. a student
difficulty and he (6) .... .... ......... ....... to identify them. Some words in
English, which (7).. .. ........... ......... v~ry commonl y, (8)............ ..... ..... .. a
weak form. An overseas student (9) .... ...... ............. them with difficulty . In
addition, many E.tudents sometime s (10)............ ...... ...... not hear the
unstresse d syllable in a word. This problem never (11) ..... .. ................. in
print.
The _lecturer who (12)...................... .. an .info!"mal style and who
(13) ........................ his vowels with- a strong accent

wilt be dtfficuit to
follow. A student (14) ... .... .... ...... .... ... notes more easily when the lecturer
(15) ..................._. ... . with a B.B.C accent.
III. READIN G
A. Read the passage and answer the question s which follow by
choosing the best suggesti on.
I have had just about enough of being treated like a second-cl ass
citizen, simply because I happen to be 't hat put-upon member of society customer . The more I go into shops and hotels, banks and post offices,
railway stations, airports and the like, the more I'm con vi nced that
things are being run solely to suit t he firm, the system, or the union.
There seems to be an insidious new motto for so-called 'service'
organisat ions - Staff Before Service.

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BDA12

How often , for example, have you queued for what seems like hours at
the Post Office or the supermarket because there weren't enough staff on
duty to man all the service grilles or check~)Ut counters? Surely in these
days of high unemployment it must be possibl.:i to recruit cashiers and
counter staff? Yet supermarkets, hinting darkly at higher prices, claim
that unshrouding all their cash registers at anyone time would in<::rease
overheads . And the Post Office says we cannot expect all their service
grilles to be occupied 'at times when demand is low'.
It's the same with hotels. Because waiters and kitchen staff must finish
wheR it suits _them, dining rooms close earlier or menu choice is curtailed. As
of that word has been whittled away),
for us guests (and how the meaning
.
,
we just have to put' up with it. There's also the nonsense of so many friendly
hotel night porters having been phased out in the interests of 'efficiency' (i.e ..
profits) and replaced by coin-guzzling machines which dispense eve0i.hing
from lager to laxatives. Not to mention the creeping menace . of the teamaking kit in your room: a kettle with an assortment of teabags, plastic
milk cartons and lump sugar. Who wants to wake up to a raw teabag? I
don't, espe<::ially when I am paying for 'service'.
Can it be halted, this .erosion of service ,_this gr~wing attitude that the
customer is always a nuisance? I fervently hope so becm;se it's happening,
'
sadly, in all walks of life.
Our only hope is to hammer home our indignation whenever and
wherever we can and, if all else fails, resurrect that other, older slogan and Take Our Custom Elsewhere.
1. The writer feels that nowadays a customer is
A the recipient of privileged treatment.

B. unworthy of proper consideration.

C. classifi ed by society as inferior.
b. the victim of modern organisations.
2. In, the writer's opinion, the quality of service is changing because
A the customers' demand have changed.
B. the staff receive more consideration than the customers.
C. the customers' needs have increased.
D. the staff are less considerate than the.i r employers.
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91

3. According to the writer, long queues at counters are caused byA. difficulties in recruiting st~ff.
B. inadequate staffing arrangement.
C. staff being made redundant.
D. lack of co-operation staff. .
4. Service organisations claim that keeping the checkout counters
manned would result in
A. a rise in the price for providing service.
B. demands by cashiers for more money.
C. insignificant benefits for the customers.
D. the eed to purchase expensive equipment.
5. The disappearanc e of old-style hotel porters can be attributed to the
fact that
A few people are willing to do this type of work.
B. machines are more reliable than human beings.
C. the pers0nal touch is appreciated less nowadays .
D. automation has provided cheaper alternatives.

You must choose which of the paragraphs A-G fit into the
numbered .gaps in the following magazine article. There is one
extra pa-:-agraph w hich does not fit in any of t~ie gaps.
A. From the very start Hardenberger seems to have had the .gift of
finding the right compromise, and making that relationship. Without .
any sense of boasting, he explai s that even in his boyhood years the
characteristic Hardenberger sound was already recognisable, 'the first
thing I acquired'.
B. He is always .anxious to extend his repertory. Hans-Werner Henze is
the latest composer to be writing a piece for him, while on other
records he has unearthed rare works from the 17th and 18th
centuries.
C. Be was objective enough about himself to know that he played the
' trumpet better than others of his age, but it was only at the end of the
first competition he entered, at the age of 17 during his first year in
Paris , that he came to realise that in addition he had a particular gift
of communicating_;

]J .

92

BDA12

D. His father, unmusical but Ii.king Louis P..rmstrong's playing, had the
idea of giving his only son a trumpet. Being a serious man, he didn't
pick a toy trumpet, but took advice and bought a genuine grown-up
instrument.
E. His records are continually opening up new repertory, not just
concertos by long-neglected composers of the baroque and classical
periods , but new works too. When you meet him, bright-eyed and
goo<l-looking, he seems even younger than his years , as fre_sh and open
in his manner as the sound of the trumpet .
F. Bo Nilsson was an up-and-coming musician, and at once spotted
his luck to have got
natural talent. Hardenberger consistently blesses
.
.
such a teacher right from the start, one who was himself so obsessed
with the trumpet and trumpet-playing tha_f he would search out and
cont.act players all over the world, and as a 'trumpet fanatic' was
.
'always looking f?r another mouthpiece',
G. From early boyhood he had as a role-model the French trumpeter,
Maurice Arnlre, another player who bypassed the orr:hestra. The boy
bought all his records, and idolised him.
-------------- CJ ---- ---------A TRUMPET ISN'T JUST FOR CHRISTMAS ...
It is strange how many musicians, even leading ones, come from homes
Out of the blue, Hakan Hardenberger, the. only son 0f
without music.
..
totally unmusical parents in a country district of Southern Sweden, has at
the age of 30 established himself as unique among the . world's trumpetplayers tod3.y.
( i) .. ..... ...................... ..... ...... .... .... ........ ................... ....... .

Recently in 0ne . of London's premier concert halls he played the Hummel

Trumpet Concerto, something of a party-piece for him, while on television
a whole feature was devoted to his work and development, filmed both
here and in Sweden.
Born near Malmo, he owes his career to the accident of a Christmas
present when he was only eight.

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---------

(2) ..... .......... .. ....... ...... .... ...... .... ..... ... .. ....... .... ... ....... ..... ... .

The success of the gift was instant. The boy never stopped playing. His
mothQr nrnn. g~d to nta.ct the second trum;iet -player in the Malrr.o
.
I
Sympho ny Orchest ra, whom she persuad ed to give .her son lessons .
(3 ) ........... ......... ...... ....... .... ... ..... .. .. ...... : ... .... .... ... .. , ........ ..

There the mature Harden berger has to draw a line between himself and
hi s teacher. 'The trumpet .is so primitiv e an instrum ent;' he explains ,
'that yoy can't build a trumpet that is acou~tically perfect. Whatev er you
do, it will have imperfe ctions. Besid.es, you can't find two mouthpi eces
exactly the same . To me it is a .matter of getting to know the
impe-rfe ctions and making a relation ship with them.'
(4) .. .... ....... ..... ........... .. .. .. .. ...... .......... .. ......... ..... ... .......... ..

And uniike the great British contend er a;nong virtuoso trumpet -players ,
,John Wallace , who develop ed .originally from a brass-ba nd backgro und
and then through working, in orchestr as, Hardenb erger has always
thought of himself as a solo artist pure and simple.
(5 ) .. ..-...... ..... ... .. ... .... ......... ... .. ... .. .. ...... : ............. ..... ........ ... .

His parents gave him every chance to practise ,. and went along with his
ambiti on to m;:tke trumpet -playing a career. It was then a question of
where , at 15, he sho ..1ld be sent to study. America , Bo Nilsson 's first
choice, was thought to be too far away and too dangero us, which meant
that he went inste::id at the age of 16 to study in Paris with Pierre
Thibaud . Thibaud confirm ed his. prejudice against going into an orchestr a,
saying t h a t 'Playing in the orchestr a is like digging in the gi;irden.
(6) ..... .... .. .. .. .......... .... .. .. ... .... ..... .... ......... .. ... ....... ..... ... .. .

Thibaud suggeste d that he should enter the competi tion 'just for
experien ce'. Harden berger learned the pieces for the first round only, but
he won through to the .second. Luckily h e already knew most of the pieces .
in that round too, but on getting through to the final he was faced with a
concerto that had already daunted him. He didn't win first prize that

94

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time, but he enjoyed the perform ance, r 2alising that though he 'played
like a pig', people did listen to him.
Quoted like that, Hardenb erger's 1ealism about his work and his career
may sound arrogan t, but that would be a totally fals e impr ession .
'.fhoughtfully he refuses to try and . analyse what such a gift of
commur.ication might consist of, as 'You risk destroyi ng it in trying to
explain . The power of t he music. lies in the fact that it can always move
people.'

IV. USE OF ENGLI SH

A. Read the followi ng _text and dec~de which word best fits each
blank.
osCAR 'S WINNI NG PERFO RMAN CE
Two boats, engines paralyse d. are drifting helpless ly towards rocks in
a raging sea. Gale-force wind~ are blowing as a di stress message is
relayed to the (1 ) ......... .. ... ... -... .... . The west coast search-a nd:r escue
helicopt er takes off from Shannon ; its (2) .......... .. ......... ... is Cl ew Bay in
County Mayo.
The terrifier l crews on Sundan cer and Heather Berry are onl y half-amile from disaster when Hotel Oscar, the Irish Marine Emerge ncy
Service helicopt er arrives and the winch crew (3) ..... ,... ......... ..... . saving
th eir Hves . There's no (4).......... ..... .... ... ... for the boats _: the conditio ns are
. too bad for that. The threaten ing rocks will make matchw ood-of t hem.
It's not easy to get the rescue li!1e down on the pitching , rolling decks
as th~ pilot, Captain Al Lockey hoyers directly (5) ....... ...... .:.. ..... .. . By the
time the exhaust ed winchm an ha::. (6)... ...... .. .. ... .. ... .'.. the t wo crew
member s of Heather Berry, the helicopt er is running {7 L ..... ...... ........ ... on
fuel. The pair on Sundanc er will have to be abandon ed if
(8). .... .. ...... .... ... .. .. else is to survive. As if that decision isn 't difficult
enough, screami ng wings make for a treacher ous flight out of the bay.
For Captain Lockey, 25 years a h elicopte r pilot and veteran of
typhoon conditio ns off oil rigs in the South China Sea, this wa~ the worst
experien ce in a distingu ished (9) ..... ... ... ...... ...... . . In fact, a change in wind
directio n was to ( 10) .... ..... ... .... ......... Sundan cer its horrible face, much to
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..,

the (1 1) ... ....... ... .. : .. ....... Qf the rescue crew whose hearts were breaking as
they were forced to turn their backs and 12)... .. ... ......... .. .. _. .. for home.
Medals, it is said should be given to those who have to (13) .......... .. .. .. .. .. ...
'
that most painful decision to say 'no'. Fortunately, most crews can al)d
(14) ..... .. .... ............. say 'yes' ir. all conditions ar..d at all (15) .. .. :....... .. .... ... ...
of night and day .
.That was Mission 4 7, accomplished just over t ree months after Hotel
Oscar's contr act began in July 1991.
1. A shore
2. A direction
3. A set -off
4. A. luck
5. A above
6. A picked out
7. A. low
8. A. no one
9. A job
10. A spare
11: : ... satisfaction
12. A go
13. A. give
14. A should
15. A. periods

B. land
B. destinatwn
B. set up
B. way
B. higher
B. picked up
B. clown
B. everyone
B. role
B. save
B. comfort
B. fly
B. do
B. do
B. moments

C. beach
C. journey
C. set out
C. hope
C. ahead
C. taken over
C. short
C. so~eone
C. profession
C. rescue
C. relief
C. head
C: say
C. may
C. hours

D. seaside
D. arrival
D. set about
D. point
D. oyer
D. t'aken off
D. out
D. all
D. career
D. pre,ent
D. gratitude
D. lend
D. make
D. need
D. minutes

B. Fill each of the numbered blanks in t he passage with one

suitable word.
RULES, LAWS Ai~ NO~MS
Any discussion of criminal behaviour requires understandin g of the
difference in meaning of rules, laws and norms. Rules (1) ..... ....... ...... .. ... .
be unwritten, or formal and written . The rules of dress or of how we eat
are unwritten guides . (2) .... ... ..... ....... .... . contrasc, the rules of a factory , for
example safety regulations , are usually (3) ...... ... ....... ...... .. down and serve
( 4) .. ......... ..... ........ strict regulators of behaviour.

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t aws are perhaps , the (5)....... ,.... .. .. ..... .. : example of written, formal
rules and (6)... ... .. ... ... ......... .decided upon by powerful and influential
groups m society. In order to em:ure that everyone adheies
(7)..... ...... :... .. ....... the laws, there are specific penalties, including fines or
imprisonment, for those (8) .... ... ............ \. ... guilty of (9) ... ... ... ....... ; them.
Unlike other rules, (10) ...... .... ... ......... .. as rules of dress or of grammar,
laws can, always be enforced by agencies (11). ........ ...... ..... .. .. the police
and the courts.
A norm is very much (12) ........ ...... ........ .. general term; it is an
expected (13 )... ...... ..... .... ... .. . of behaviour shared by (14) ...... ..... ........ .... .of a
social group. Norms can be thought of as unwritten rules.
(15).................. ... ... of these are ti:iat parents should play with their
children, or that (16) ........... .. ... ...... .. should respond in the appropriate
(17L ... .. : ;.. to a 'good morning' greeting. , .Norms are
(1 8)......... .. ...... ....... of the cultur~ of a society and are (19)...... ............ ... ... on
from (20 )..... ...... ..... ...... .. generation to tr.e next over time.
C. For each of the following sentences, write a new sentence as
similar as possible in meaning to the origin sentence, but using
the word given in capital letters. These words must not be
altered in any way.
1. Ann was afraid the neighbours would despise her fc,- 11ot having a
washing machine .
..... .............. .... .... .... .......... ... .......... .' ... ...... .... ............ .. ....... ...... ... ........ LOOK
2. If only you had tried harder you might have passed the exam.
'
....... ... ... ............ .......... .... ..... .. .. ..... .... ... ..... ... .. ... ... .... ..... ...... ... ..... ... EFFORT
3. 'I wonder if you could possibly open the door for me?'
........ ............ ... ............ .. ..... ..... ........-..... .. ... ........ .. ... ... .... .. .......... .... .... MIND
4. Why not tell him the truth and be finishf:d with it?
.... ....... ............. ......... ... ......... .......... ...... ....... .. ..... .... .... .......................... GET
5. The children pestered us for sweets .
... ....... ..................................... ..... ......... ... .. .... ................. ................... KEPT
6_ You can't possibly expect me to have supper ready by eight o'clock .
... ....._. ..... ... .... .. .... .... ... ... .... ........ .. ... ... .. .......... ....... ..... ....... .. .. ..... QUESTION
BDA12

97

7. It is my opinlon that there is no advantage in further discussion .

1
... SEE
,. , , ,,,,,,1 ,111 1111111111111 1 11111111111111111,,,r, \ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , r,rT Tr ,r
8. Please excuse Jane's poor typing: she's only been learning for a month .
..................... ......... ...... ....... ~ .............. ..... ... :..:.......... .... .... . ~\LLOWANCE S
9. Aithough the dog appeared harmless, it was, in fact, quite dangerous .
.. ....... .. ..... ............ .... ........ ... ..... ... ... .... ........ .... .... ... ...... ... .. ........ CONTRARY
10. If Smith hadn't broke~ his leg, he would have played football for
England .
................... .... .... ................ .... .... ... .......... .. ... .. ......... . ... .... REPRESENT ED

v: Finish each of the following sentences in such a

way that it is as
simila1" as possible in meaning to the sentence print~d-befo re1 it.
1. Although it rained torrenti:ally aH day, we all enjoyed the excursion .
Despite ... .... .. ............ ... .... ........ .. f....... ......... ... ... ...... .... .. .......'. ...... .. .... .. ........ .
2. The manager is not to be disturbed .
On no account .... ......... ...... ...... ::: .... :.... .. .... ..... ::.... .... ..... .......... .. ....... .... :... ..

'.
3. If we don't hear from you within seven days, the order will be
cancelled.
Unless .... ..... ...... :.... ......... .. ........... ... ... .. ... .. .... .............. ... ........... ..... ...... ... .. .
4. However friendly he seems, he's not to be trusted .
Friendly ............................................ ............. .. .............. : ................. .... ... ...
5. If you didn't contribute generously, we couldn't continue our work.
But fo r ....... ..... .. ....................... ......... ........ ...... .. .......... .... ............ ... ..... .. ....... .
6. 'I'm sorry I didn't ring you to say I'd be late.' .
He apologised ........ .. ....... .... ..... ...... ............... .. ..... .. .... ..... ... .... .. ...... ......... ..
7. Although he was very tired, he agreed to play tennis .
Tired .... .. ... .... .. .. ........ ... :..................... ....... .. .. .. .. .............. ...... .................. .. .
8. I didn't realise how ~uch he was influenced by his brother.
I didn't realise the extent .. ...... .. ... ....... .. .............. .... ....... .... . '. ................ . .
9. 'I never told anyone about your scheme,' he said.
He denied .............. .......... ... ."...._. ; ................... : ... .
10. It was wrong of you to r :are your mother like that.
You oughtn't ...... .. ..... ...... .... ., .......... ............ .. .. ......... ....... ......................... .

98

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V. COMPOSITION
Write a composition (320 words) about the following topic:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents
are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to

support your answer.

PRACTICE TEST 4
I. VOCABULARY

A. Choose the best word from A, B, C or D that fits each blank.

1. People who t ake on a second job inevitably ............. .. ......... themselves
to greater stress.
D. place
C. field
B. subject
A. offer
2. The building work must be finished by the end of the
month ................. .... ... of cost.
C. uncaring . D. regardless
.B. thoughtless
A. ignorant
3. Sarah 's fri ends all had broth~rs and sisters but sh e was
a(n ).... .............. ... ... child . .
D. only
C. single
B. individual
A. singular
4. . .............. .... ... .. from being embarrassed by his mistake, the lecturer
went on confi dently with his talk.
C. A long way D. Miles
B. Far
A. Distant
5. Th e increased pay offer was accept ed although it ....... ......... ... ..... short
of what the employees wanted .
D. ended
C. came
B. arrived
A. fell
6. The old 18.dy's savings were considerable as she had .... ..... ..,.......... .. a
little mon ey each week.
C. put apart . D. put down
B. put in
A. put by
7. His poor handling of the business ... .............. ...... . on negligence.
C. approached D. neared
B. edged
A. bordered
99

BDA12

~-----

8. After the a.c cident, there was considerable doubt .. ....... ........ ...... . exactly
what had happened.
A. in the question of
B as to
C. in the shape of
D. for
9. Price increases are. now running at a(n) ............ .. ... ... .. .. level of thirty
per cent.
A. highest
B. record
C. uppermost
D. top
10. The police .... .. ... .......... ~... . a good deal of criticism over their handling
of t he demonstration.
A. came in for
B. brought about C. went down with D. o.pened up
11. The stage designed was out of this .. ......... ... .... ...... but unfortunately
the acting was not so impressive.
A. moon
B. planet
C. world
D. earth
12. To discuss this matter with anyone else would
our
professional regulation.
A. contradict
B. counteract
C. contrast
D. contravene
13. I ................. ..... .. on the grapevine that George is in line for promotion .
A. heard
F . collected
C. picked
D. caught
14. This moi:c.1ment is ... .. ... ......... .... ... to th~ memory of distinguished
former students .
A erected
B. dedicated
C. comi;nissioned D. associated
15. T,> begin studying chemistry_ at this level , you must already have
proved your ability in a related .... .. .. .. .... ....... .. . .
A. line
B. discipline
C. region
D. rule
16. '.'.'his sad song movingly col}veys the .. .. ...... ........... .. . of the lovers' final
1-arting.
J .. ache
B. argument
C. anxiety
D. anguish
17. Lo you expect there will be a lot of .. ......... .. .... ... .. .. _to the project from
the local community?
A. rejections
B. disapproval
C. disagreement D. objections
18. As a .. .. .... .............. .. parent, my main concern is balancing the needs
of a small child with the need to earn a living.
A. solo
B. single
C. sole
D. solitary

100

BDA12

19. By the time we g-ot home, we were ... .... ..... ..... ....... frozen and starving
. hungry.
D. exceedingly
C. absolutely
B. very
A. extremely
20. She says that unfortunately, in the ... .. ...... .. ... .. ... ... circumstances , she
cannot afford to help us.
D. present
B. contemporary C. actual
A. ongoing

B. Use the correct form of each of the words given in parentheses

to fill in the blank. in each sentence.
HARD TO BELIEVE!
hit the head\ines recently thapks to an
Cheetham
Albert and Betty
astonishing lists of coincidences . On holiday in Tunisia, the (1)
........ .. .. .. .......... (retire) couple found themselves dining opposite another
Albert and Betty R,vers . And, also (2)
retired couple
...... .. .. .. ..... ... .. ..(coincidence), Mr Cheetham and Mr Rivers h ad both
previously worked for a railwa y company, while Mrs Cheetham and Mrs
Rivers had both worked for the post office. The two couples also made the
(3 ) .... .... ....... ... ...... (discover) that they both had two sons and five
grandchildren and , to their (4) ...... .... .. .... .... .... (amazing) , that the date and
time of their (5) .. ........... .. .. ... .... (marry) was exactly the same i.e. 2p.m.
August 15th, 1942.
A !IlOre sustained coincidence is that seven of the eight US presidents
who died in offic e were elected at exactly 20 year intervals between 1840
and 1960. It was eventually Ronal.d Rea~an, beginning his (6)
...... ., .. .. .... ........ (pr13sident ) in 1980, 20 years after John. F. Kennedy, who
bro ke the cycle after surviving an (7) .. .......... ... ....... ..(assassinate) attempt
and .fini shing his last term (8) ....... ................. (live)
OUT FOR THE COUNT
'You are what you t hink you are,' says self-hypnotist Jonathan
Atkinson . So there are 20 of us lying on our oacks trying to communicate
with our (9)...._. .. ... .. ..... .. .. ... ( conscious) minds . We start ~y describing our
problems. I've got the . usual (10 ).. .. ....... :.. .......... (ccmplain): tiredness ,
insomnia, (11)..... ... ... ....... ..... .(anxious).
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101

Six years ago, Jonathan was a typical 40 cigarett es-a-day executive

undQr too much (12) ........................(strnssful) . Th~n lrn lmirnt s0lfhypnosis. What is particularly (13 ).... .. .. ..... .. ... ...... (impress) is that he can
stop the bleeding wh en he cuts himself shavir..g, and have his teeth fill ed
without needing an (14)... .............. .... ... (inject).
. Gradually
what
started
off
as
weird
becomes
(15) .. .... ... .......... .. ...(understand). Why in hypnosis, J onath a!l tells us that
whenever we count to ten, with the (16)..... .. ....... ... .. .... (inten d) of going'
into self-h ypnosis, we'll be able to do it. Amazingly, it seems to work.

C. In the following advertisement or a guide to travelling as an

air courier all the full stops(.) and question marks(?) have been
removed. Show where the full-stops or question marks should
be inserted -by writing them, together with the preceding word,
in the space provided. Some lines are correct. Indicate these
lines with a tick (,Vj .
I

TRA VEJ, FREE AS AN AIR COURIER

Did you know that th ere are people quietly paying less than 10%
for their air travel some are holidaying with friPnds in th e States for
as little as 25 while others travel absolutely free , apart from a small
registration fee how would you like to visit Paris, New York, Hong
Kong or Tokyo, to name l>.u t a few, for a fraction of the normal r,rice
these are return fares with no extras and they're all scheduled
fli ghts with the best of the major world airlines how can you secure
these incredible discounts for yourself simply by flying as a
freelance air couriei with o;ie of the major international package
and parcel distr ibutors being an air courier is easy, convenient,
fun and rewarding anyone can register as a courier, no matter
what they do
a living you will act on a part-time basis and it's
entirely up to y,>u lo choose where you want to go,-when and how
. often it's ideal if you're in business, retired, a student, a charity

for

volunteer, or if you just want to get away from it all before you book
your next break and pay over the odds yet again, discover the
secrets to air couri er travel and fly the world at huge savings to
.

102

0 .... -V...... .
0.travel?
1. ............
2 .............
...,
0 .... . ...... . .

14 .............
5 .............
6 ..... ....... .
7 .. ... ........

8 ..............
9 ............ .

10 ....... ....
11 .......... .
12 .......... .
13 ......... ..
14 .......... .
15 ...........
BDA12

!claim your copy of thi~ invaluable -guide, simply complete and

.
I return the coupon below .

II. GRAMMAR
ing verbs
A. Comp lete the sente nces below w1,th one of the follow
s that may
plus a prepo sition . (Mak e any chan ges to verb tense
be neces sary.)
account
surro und
- decide
confine
abide
cry
specialise - accuse
grum ble
count
translate
refrain
deal
book
taste
insist
............. .......... callin g me Ghen ghis, even thoug h my
1. The teach er
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

real name is Attila .

......... .ru.ental
Micha el t rained as a psych iatrist , and he now .... .. .......
.disorders of the very rich.
se I had
I was ..... ......... ... .. ... cheat ing in the exam inatio n, just becau
n:ade a few notes on the back of my hand.
se in sunsp ot
Scien tists are unabl e to ... . ; the sudde n increa
blame .
act~vity: al thoug h some people Lelieve that aeroso ls are to
but nowa da)'S
Footb allers used to ... ....... .. .. ... ...... the refere e's decisi on,
they are just as likely to punch him in the mouth .
eighte en
The hotel's fire regula tions have been ..... .. ... .... ........
death while
langu ages, thereb y ensur ing that guests will bum to
trying to find the versio n in their own langu age.

7. "My coffee ..... ......../ ..... .... garlic "!''

. "You'r e lucky, mine has no taste at all."
they don't mind
8 . The Engli sh ............ ....... .... the weath er, but secret ly
their clima te, becau se they love comp lainin g.
I h eard that I
9. I was think ing of going to live in Scotla nd, but when
would have to wear a kilt, I .... ............... ... .it.
the boss alway s
10. If there are any perso"3nel proble ms in the factory,
asks his deput y to .. .............. ..... .. them:
11. "Whj am I ........ ..... .......... idiots ?"
"We don't know , Fathe r."

BDA1 2

103

...
12. 'They used to say of Errol Flynn that you could .... .....
.... ... ....... him: he

would alway s let you down.

13. ft1g nl'l UM .... ..... .. ....... ..... spat. ml.lk.

14. The kakap o is a ran~ flightle$S, noctu rnal groun d
parro t. It 1s now
..... .. .. ... ... .. .. .... South
Island
,
New
Zeala
nd,
which
is anoth er reaso n
.
why most peopl e have never seen one .
15. Passe ngers are kindly reque sted to ... ...... ... ..... ... ...
smok ing in the
gangw ays and m theto ilets.
16. As it was gettin g iate, we decide d to .... ............. .... .. the
neare st hotel.

B. RPad the follow ing dialo gue betwe en two stude nts. Put
the verbs
in brack ets into one of the follow ing tense s: Prese
nt Simp le,
Prese nt Conti nuou s, Past Simp le, Pw;t Conti nuou
s, Prese nt
Perfe ct Simp le, Prese nt Perfe ct, Conti nuou s, Past
Perfe c t
Simp le, Futu re Simp le, Futur e Perfe ct, Futur e Cont inuou
s

A: Hi Julie. How was your summ er break ?

B: Great ! I can't believ e it's all gone so fast!
A: So, what (1) ..... ... .... ..... ... ... (you do) since you got back?
B: Well t he main thing has been movin g all my stuff into
the house I
(2) ... ..... .. .... ... ... ... (share ) with four other s
from
next
Satur day. It (3) .... : ... .: .... ......... (belon g) to the unive rsity
and it's really
mce.
A: Great ! Well, while you (4) .... ... .. ... .'..'........ (move) , I was
r evisin g for my
exam s in Octob er.
B: You (5) ... ..... ........ ... .... (joke)! You don't have exam s alread
y, do you?
A: Yes, well , you know I (6) .... ........ ........... (fail) a couple
of my June .
exam s . So now I have to retake them.
B: Oh yes, I (7) .... ................ .. .(comp letely forget) . How awful!
A: At least they (8) ...... .......... ..... .. (be) over soon. Any way,
what's it like
in your new place?
B: Well , it's com~!~te chaos at the mome nt but
with luck we
(9), ...... ,.. .(unpa ck) most of the Loxes by the weeke nd.
A: Listen , if there' s anyth ing I -::an do, just tell me , won't you?
B: Hey thank s but I think we (10) ............. .. ....... .(do ) all
the main things .
Anyw ay, you should be conce ntrati ng on your exams !
104

BDA1 2

III. READING
A. Read the passage and answer the questions which follow by
choosing the best suggestion.
San Francisco is where I grew up between the ages of two and ten
and ~here I lived for a period when I was about 13 and again as a
married man from the ages of 37 to 51. So quite a big slice of my life has
been spent there. My mother, who is now 90, still lives in Los Gatos,
about 60 miles south of San Francisco. Even though I have since lived . in
Switzerland and settled in London over 25 years ago, I h av8 kept
property in California for sentimental reasons.
I was born in New York and I love t he United States. It is still a land
of enor.nious drive, strength, imagination and opportunity. I know it well,
having played in every town and, during the war, in every army camp. I
have grown new roots in London as I did in Switzerland and if I am
asked now where I war.t to live permanently, I would say London. But I
will always remain an American citizen.
Climatically , San !?rancisco and London are similar and so are the
people who settle in both cities. San Francisco is sophisticated, and like
London, has many parks and squares. Every day my sisters and I were
taken to play in the parks as children. We had an Engli~h upbringing in
terins of plenty of fresh air and outdoors games. I didn't go to school. My
whole formal education consisted of some three hours when I was .five . I
was sent to school but came home at noon on the first day anri said I
didn't enjoy it, hadn't learned anything and couldn't see th~ point of a lot
of children sitting restlessly while a teacher taught from a big book. My
parents decided, wisely I think, that school was not for me and I never
went back.
My mother then took over my education and brought up my twc,
sisters and me rather in the way of an educated English lady. The
er.iphasis was on languages and reading rather than sciences and
mathematics . Sometimes she taught us he'rself, but we also had other
teachers and we were kept to a strict routine. About once a. week we
. walked to Golden Gate Park which led down to the sea and on our walks
BDA12

105

my mother taught me to r ead music. One day I not iced a small windmill
in the wind ow of a s hop we passed on our way back to the park and I
remember no w how my heart yearned for it . I ,:ouldn't roll my 'r's when I
was s mall and my moth er who was a perfectioni st regarding
pronunciat ion, said if I could pronouace an 'r ' well I'd have th e windmill .
I pr actised and practised and one mo rning woke everyone up with my 'r 's.
I got th e wi ndmill. I usually get the things I wa11t in life-but I work for
them and dream of them.
1. When the writer was twelve he was living in

B. Los Gatos .
A. San Francisco.
D. a place unknown to the .reader.
C. London.
2. Dui'ing th e war, the. writer
B. went camping all over the country.
A. becam e an American soldier.
D. left the United States.
C. gave concerts for soldier s.
3. The writer did not attend school in America because
A his moth er wan,ted him to go to sr h ool in England.
B. his parents did not think h e was suited to formal education.
C. h is mot h er preferr ed him t o play outdoors in the parks .
lJ. h e couldn't get on with the other children .
4. He was educated at ho_me by
A h is mother and other t eachers . B. an educated English lady.
D. tearhers of languages and
C. his mother and sisters.
science.
5 .. The writer managed to obtain th e little windmill he wanted by
A. borrowing the money for it.

B. learning to read music.

C. succeeding in speaking properly.
D. working hard at his les sons.
B. You are going to read an article about people who have a very
strange gi ft. Seven paragrap hs have been removed from the
article. Choose from the paragrap hs A-H the one which fits each
gap (1-6). There is one extra paragrap h which you do not need

to use. There is an example at the beginning (0)

106

BDA 12

A. One such, the physici st Sir Isaac Newton wrote that, for him , each
note of the musica l scale corresp onded to a particu lar colour of t he

spectru m: when h e saw- a colour, he someti mes h eard th e note And

the philoso pher John Locke reporte d the case of a blind man who
claimed that he had had a revelation of what the colour scarlet lookE-d
like when h e heard the sound of a trumpe t for the fir st time.
of
B. In terestin gly, he stated that his wife and son both have the gift
colour . hearing and that their son'~ colours someti mes appear to be a
rnix of those of his pare:1ts . For exampl e, the le_tter M, for him was
pink, and to his wife it was blue and in their son t_hey found it to be
purple.
was
C. The scheme of colours that he recomm ended for each age group
intende d to reflect a child's stag-e of develo pment. The younge r
childre n had pink/re d, while the older ones had yellow/gree~1.
coD. As each child develop s, he or she learns to use all the senses
operati vely. What the child learns from one sense can be transfe rred
to anothe r .
senses
E. The ancien t Greek philoso pher Aristot le argued that the five
were drawn togethe r by a 'common sense' located in the heart. Later
we see that the anatom ical drawin gs of Leonar d Da Vinci reflect the
:5th century belief that the senses have a commo n mechan ism.
F . When their tutor asked them to d1aw what they 'saw' when they heard
a note rise and fall on a clarine t, their images include d lips, lines a11d
triangl es . One even drew a house nestlin g amid hills .
all
G. He casually remark ed to her that the colours of the let,ters were
wrong. It turned out that she could also see t h e letters in differe nt
colours and that she also heard musical notes in colour.

H. Appare ntly, green helps people relax, wherea s red is good for geLing
people to talk and produce ideas. However, too much colour can have a
differe nt effect from the one intende d - excess red brings out our
aggress ion, for exampl e, while too much green makes staff lazy.

-------------- m -------------BDA12

107

LIST~JNING TO COLOUR
Colour has a deep impact on each and everyone of us. In both offices and
f~ctori es, shops and homes , the managem ent of colour is used to improve
the_envir onment.
(O) ...... ... .. ............... ........ ..... H ........ ... .. .... ...... ............. ... .. : ..

In the early part of the twentieth century Rudolf Steiner studied these
effects of colour on individua ls. He developed a t heory from which he
produced colour schemes for a learnin~ environm ent.
( 1) .... .... ............... ........ ..... ..... ... ...... .... ... ... .. ......... .. .. .... ... .

Although learning to integrate informati on from different senses is vital,

for the majority of people sight, ~ough, taste, smell and hearing are
fundamen tally separate. Yet t here is evidence , some anecdotal , some
more scientific , to suggest that t hey are , in fact , linked. This idea of
sensory unity is a very old one.
(2) ............... ........ .... .... ................ ... .. .............. .. .. ... .. .... .. .. .

In more modern times, many individuals have reported exp.e riencing

what is normally felt t hrough on e sense via another, and have described
occasions when experienc es of one sense also trigger experienc es of
another. Many respected scholars have reported th e linking of the senses,
known as synaesthe sia.
(3) .. ............... . .. ..... ...... ...... ..... ... ............... ............. .. ....... .

More recent studies include the case of a girl who associate d colours with
the notes of bird song. There was also a boy who felt pressure sensation s
in his teeth when cold compress es were applied to his arms . Among a
group of college students it was found that more t han 13 per cent.
consciously summone d up images of colour wh en they were listening to
music, claiming that this made t he experienc e more enjoyable.
(4) ........-......... ...... ..... ..... .... . : ........ ... .. ..... ... ............. ........ .

The author Vladimir Nabokov was once interview ed for a magazine article .
He told the story of his 'rather freakish gift of seeing letters in colour'.
(5) .. : ... ........ : ... . : ....... ......... .... .... ... ....... .... .... ..... ............... .

lOff

BDA12

In his autobiography, he remembered the time when he was seven years

old. He was using old black and white alphabet blocks to build a tower,
while his mother was watching.
(6 ) ... ...... .. ..... .. ..... ..... .... .... ... ...... .. : ...... ..... ... .... ......... ...... . .

This gift for seeing letters or hearing music in colour is not yet
understood. There 1:lre probably more people out there who have the gift,
but feel embarrassed or awkward about admitting it.

V. USE OF ENGLISH
A. Read the following text and decide which word best fits each
blank.
. l
HIGH STAKES
'
,
Few people in the world of high finance had heard of Marc Colombo.
There was no ( 1). .. .. . .. .. .... .. ... .. .. why they should have done . He was a
mere foreign-exchange (2) .. .. .. .... .: ........... , at the Lloyds Bank in Lugano,
Switzerland . But in 1974, Colombo (3)..... ... .. .. .. ...... ... the headlines around
the world leaving (4). ....... .... ..... ... ... money experts open-mouthed in
amazement. Lloyds (5) ..... ... ... .. ...... ... . that 'irregularities' had cost the
bank a (6) ......... .... ..... .. ... 32 million. What had the 28-year-old Colombo
been (7)........... ....... ..... to? And how had he got (8)... .... .... .. ... ... .... wit!i it?
Colombo had been watching the world's leading (9) ........ ....... ... ... ..
change their values on the foreign exchange market s. He decided to buy
34 million US dollars with Swiss francs in three months' time. If, as he
( 10) ..... .. ...... ...... ... . , it turned out that the dollar was ( 11) ........ .... .. : ... .. ... less
when the time came to settle, he would make a handsome profit. But the
dollar's value did not (12) ... .............. ....... It went up. And Colombo lost 1
million.
Consequently he increased his stake , and went for (13).... ..... .. .. ... .... .. .
or . nothing. Without Lloyds q4 ). ....... .... ... ... .. ... a thing, he set up
transactions totalling 4,580 million in just nine months . At first, he was
betting that the dollar would lose value . It did not. (15) ... .. ... .. .... .... .... . he
switched to gambling that it would go on rising. It did not .
. 1. A. cause
BDA12

B. purpose

C. basis

D. reason
109

2. A. dealer
3. A knocked
4. A. hard -hearted
5. A. announced
6. A. swaying
7. A. down
8. A. away
9. A. monies
10. A. expected
11 . A. value
12. A. tumble
13. A. twice
14. A. considering
15. A. So

.B . salesman
B. struck

B . hard-headed
B. publicised
B. sha~ing
B. off
B. on
B. rates
B. contemplated
B. cost
B. trip
B. pair
B. speculating
B. Moreover

C. merchant
C. hit

D. r etailer
D . beat

C. hard-pressed D. ha rd-hitting
C . .broadcasted D. divulged
C. staggering
D. wobbling
C. up
D. on
C. through
D. by
C. accounts
D. currencies
C. wondered
D. considered

G. worth
C. spill .
C. twofold
C: suspecting
C. Despite

D. charge
D. topple
D. double
D. believing
D. However

B. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the passage with one

.mitable word.
Men have lived i~ groups and societies ( t ) ....................... all times and
in all places , as (2) ...... ... ...... ........ as we know. They do not seem
(3) ... ............ .... .... to &urvive as human beings (4) .... ... ......... .. ..... they live in
(5) .. ........... ... .... ... cooperation with one (6) .... ..... .............. . The most basic
of (7)............ .. ...... ... human groups is the family in (8) .... ... ............. .. .
various forms. The most important reason for this is the simple
(9) ................. .. .... that human beings take many years to (10) ........ .. ....... .. .. .
In (11) .. ........... ... ....... they are the most helpless of all earthly creatures.
For several years after (12)............ .... ....... , a child has to be
(13) ..... ...... ..... .... ... , clothed and protected day and night. In all societies .
such duties normally fall (14) ........ ...... ...... ... a family group of some
(15)....... ... ............. . ,
Me11 (16) .. ....... ...... ... ...... ..... groups for countless (17) ... ................... .
reasons. For instance, it is (18) .................... ... by cooperating that they
are
able . to
(19)
............ ... ..... ...
their environment
and
deTend(20) ......... ..... ......... .

110

. BDA12

as
C. For each of the follow ing senten ces, write a new senten ce
simila r as possib le in meani ng to the origin senten ce, but using
the word given in capita l letters . These words must not l, ..
altere d in any way.
this
,
1. If you don 't obey the regdat ions yt,u will be permit ted to fish in
river .
................................. ........................................... ...... .... ........ ......... ..... LONG
2. Taking the necess ary precaut ions , you should n't have any health
problem s .
.......... ..................... .. .. ............. ............................ ..... ............ ...... PROVIDED
3. He'll give you the sack if you are late for the meetin g .
..... .. ....... .. ....... .. ... ... .... ...... .. ............ .. ...... .......... ..... .............. ... OTHER WISE
4. If we took effectiv e action now , we could still save the rainfor ests .
... ... ... .. .... ..... .. .... ........... ... .. ........ .............. .... .............. ........ .................. WERE
t he
5. Your refusal to co-oper ate would cause immed iate expulsi on from
country .
........... ......... ... ................................................................... .......... SHOlTLD
d.
6. The ban on huntin g was only impose d because the ministe r insiste
...... ............. ..... .. .. .. .... ... .. ............ ....... ..... ..... ........................... ... ... .. ....... BlTT
7. They will try Abram s for murder at the High Court next week.
......... .... ....... .... ...... ... .. ... ...... ... .... .... .... ......... ... ....... ....... .. ... ...... .. ... .. .. . TRIAL
8. After such a long time togethe r they are still happily marrie d .
.... ...... ..... ......... ..... .... ............. ..... ...... .. .. .- ...... ... ..... ... ........ ... ............ :... .. TEST
9. How do our sales compar ed with those of other firms ?
...... ... .. ....... ......... ........ .............. .............. .... ... ............ ................ RELAT ION
10. He is unlikely to win the compet ition .
.......... .......... .. ... .................... ........................ ... .............. .... ... ......... CHAN CE

as
D. Finish each of the follow ing senten ces in such a way th at it is
simila r as possib le in meani ng to the senten ce printe d before it.
1. This is my brother 's first solo flight in a glider.
This is the first time ........... ....... ........ ........ :....... .. ....... .... ..... ..... ........... ... .
2. We will not see each other agaicl before I go.
This will be the last time .... ..... ......... ................... ..... .. ............ .... ... .. .. : .. .
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111

3. The train left before he got to the station .

By the time .... .... .... ... ............ ........ .. ....... ..... .. ......... .. ...... ... ... ..... ............. .
4. The school was founded t~n years ago.
It is ten ......... .. ... .... ~...... .... ... .... ..... ...... ............. ... .. .. ..... ... .. ... .... ........ ... .... .. ..
5. The house looks better since the repaint ing was done .
The house looks better now ........ .... .... .. ..... ...... ... .. .. ... ....... ~ .. .... ............... .
6. She hadn't had a relapse for six months .
It was ... .. ........ .. ... .... .. .... ....... .. ..... ....... ........ .. .. ... .. .... .... .. .... .. .... ....... .. :.... .. .
7. We should spend as little money as possibl e.
The less .. ... ... .... ..... .. ... ....... ... ... ..... ........... ... ........ ... .. ... .... ...... .. .. ... .. ... .. ... ..
8. My slow progres s was due to bad teachin g.
As a result .... ...... .... ...... ... .......... .... ... ....... ...... ... .. .. .... . .. ...... .... .... ... .. ... .... .. .
9. Nobody in the world can run as fast as Fleetfo ot.
Fleetfo ot .. ... ... ... ......... .. ... ..... .. ... .... .......... ... ......... .. .... ... ...... .... ..... ...... .... ... .
10. All that stood betwee n John and a gold medal was Jim's greater
speed.
But fo1 .... ..... .. .. ... .. ....... ......... .... .... : .... .... .... ....... .... ...... ........ ........ ....... .... ...

vi: coMPO SITIO N

Write a compo sition (300 words) about the follow ing topic:
A compa ny has annou nced that it wishes to build a la;ge
factory near your commu nity. Discus s the advan tages, and
disadv antage s of this new influen ce on your commu nity. Do you
suppo rt or oppose the factory ? Explai n your positio n.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5'"1%. _

112

_ _ _ __

BDA12

PRACTICE TEST 5

.-

I. VOCABULA RY

A. Choose the best word from A, B, C or D that fits each blank.

1. Mr. Average was just a run-of-the- ........ ......... ........ worker:
A. road
B. mill
C. week
D. wheel
2. This masterpiece .. ..... .. .. ....... .... .. of four parts.
A constitutes
B. composes
C. comprises
D. consists
3. Mr. Lightfinger was charged with ..... .... .. .... ... .... .. the funds of several
charities.
A misappropria ting
B. mislaying
C. mistaking
D. misplacing
4. He was ....... ...... ..... .:.... with emotion at seeing his tearri wm the
championship .
A carried over
B. carried forward C. carried out
D. carried away
5.' Romeo's family had been at ... .... .... .......... .. . with Juliet's for
generations .
A. struggle
B. contention
C. variance
D. discord
6. Of course , the price o_f the flat was a big .. ........... ... .. .... .. in my decision
as to whether to buy it or not.
A. portion
B. factor
C. aspect
D. element
7. It was confirmed that the accident was caused by human
A. error

B. slip
C. fault
D. blunder
8. It has been established .. .. ...... .... .......... dispute that this disease can be
cured .
A. past
B. over
C. beyond
D. outside
9. All car.didates will be treated equally, .... .. ....... .... ... .. .. of their age or
background.
A notwithstand ing
B. discounting
C. irrelevant
D. frrcspective
10. Despit e all the interruption~ , he .... ...... .. ... ..... ... . with his work.
A. stuck at
B. held on
C. ht.:ng out
D. pressed on

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113

11. In the ...... ....... .... .. .. ... d security, personnel must wear their ident ity
badges at all time.

A. requirement B. interests

C. demands

D. assistance

12. The strike was ... ........ ...... ....... owing to a last-minute agreement with
the management.
D. put down
C. set back
B. broken up
A. called off
13. Lindsay's excuses for being lat~ are beginning to ... .. .. ... .... .. .. .. .....
rather thin .
D. go
C. ~w2ar
B. turn
A. get
14 . ... ......... .... .. ..... ., the people who come to this dub are in their twenties

ar:d thirties .
C. To a degree D . Virtually
A. By and large B. Altogether
15. My cousin was nervous about being interviewed on television, but she
rose to the .... ...... ... .... .... .. . wonderfully.
D. occasion
B. performance C. incident ,
A. event
16. The police carried out a . ..... ... ..... ..... .. .. . search for the missing
diplomat.
D. thoughtful
B. through
. C. throughout
A. thorough
17. He was fined .. .... ... ...... .... .. ...parking near a pedestrian crossing.
D. for
C. with
B. by
A. at
18. Don't forget ~ ... .... .. ............ .. the bank fi rst thing tomorrow morning.
B. phoning
A. to phone
D. tc have phoned
C. having phoned
having to pay yet another visit to the dentist.
19.
D. afraid
C. terrified
B. frightened
A. dreading
problems.
your
to
..
..
20. I wish I could give you the ..... ....... ........
D. enc:
B. conclusion C. answer
A. reply

I'm .................. ......

B. Use the .::orrect form of ecch of the wcids given in parentheses

to fill in the blank in each sentence.
_Food miles
In Britain, what is described as 'food miles', the distance which food
is transported from the place wher.e it is grown to its point of sale ,
continues to rise. This has Jitajor economic, social and environmental
114

BDA12

conse quences, given the traffi c conge stion . and

pollu tion which
(1) ..... ... ................ (vari'able) follow .
According to (2). ............ ........... press ) groups; the same
amou nt of food
is trave lling 50 per cent furth er t.han twen ty years
ago. What 's more , the
rise in the dema nd for road haula ge over this perio
d has mostl y been due
to the trans port of food and drink . The group s asser
t that the incre ase in
the numb er oflor ry journ eys is (3) ..... ................... c~xce
ed) and that many
of these are far from (4) ............... ...: ..... (esse nce) .
In the distri butio n ~yste ms emplo yed by
Briti sh
food
(5) ........... ...... ... ... .(retai l), fl eets of lorrie s bring
all goods into more
(6) ..... ... .. .. ......... ,. .. (cent re) locate d wareh ouses for redis
tribu tion acros s the
count ry. (7)................ .. ...... (logic) as this migh t
appea r, the situa tion
wher eby some goods get sent back to the same areas
from which they
came is (8) ........... ... .... ...... (avoid).
In
r espon se
to
scath ing
(9)................. .... ...
(criti c)
from
envir onme ntalis ts, some food distri butor s now
aim to minim tse the
impa ct of food miles by routin g vehic les, wher ever possi
ble, on moto rway s
after dark. This encou rages great er energ y (10) .. ....
.... ....... ... .... (effic ient.)
whils t also reduc ing the impa ct on the resid entia
l areas throu gh which
they would other wise pass.

C. Find and corre ct all the mista kes in the num

bere d lines of the
follo wing pass age.
j
Simp ly be biling ual does not qualify anyon e to inter
preti ng. 1. ........
I Inter preti ng does not mere ly a mech anica l process of conv erting 2
.. ..... ..
one sente nce in langu age A into a same sente nce in
langu age B. 3 ....... ..
I Rather, it is a complex art in that thoughts and idioms which have 4 ....... ..
I no obvious analogues from tongue to tongue - or words which I
iave multiple mean ings - must quickly be transf orme
d in many a 5 ... .. ... .
I1 way that the mess age is clear ly and accur ately expre ssing
' to the 6 ....... ..
I listen er.
I Ther e are two kinds of inter prete rs, :s1,nultar~eous and
consecutive, each requi res separ ate talen ts. The forme
r, sittin g in 7 ... ..... .
an isolat ed booth , usual ly at a large mult-iiingu al
C'Jnference,
speak s to listen ers wear ing headp hones , inter preti
ng that a 8 .. .. ....
.

BDA1 2

115

foreign -langua ge speake r says as he says it - actually a sentenc e

afterwards. Consecutive interpreter:5 are the one most 9 ........ .
.
interna tional negotia tors use. They are mainly employ ed for 10 ......
smalle r meetin gs withou t sound booths, headph ones, and
anothe r high-te ch gear.

II. GRAMMAR
A. Put one suitab le prepos ition in the blank of each senten ce.
1. Stop wastin g time! Get to my office ......... ..... .... the double .
check ................ .
should
they
anyone
hire
they
2.- Before
.. ... ..... .... . ..backgr ound.
3. I met h im at the party and he asked ................. you.
take
4. I applied for a parftim e job at the superm arket. They're going to
me ................. .
5. He had taken over an old compan y verging ................ .liquida tion.
6. My mother never gives anyone a tip ..... :.. .... ..... prii::ciple.
7. Tom's leaving . Why don't you put ... ........ ...... for his job?
8. Jenny has come ............... .. .............. a wonder ful name for her new
goldfis h.
9. He ran ................. all the money he had inherit ed in less than a year.
10. I'm afraid I can't come to the concert with you. I'm ................ .my earn
in work this week.
or
B. Put the verbs given in bracke ts into their appro priate tense
form.
This time last year I (1 ) ..... ...... .. ............ .. (cycle) in the rain along a
We
mine .
of
friend
a
with
France
in
road
country
.
(2) .. ...... .............. ..... (dccide) to go on a cycling holiday in Norma ndy
we
Neithe r of us (3) ...................... ..... (go) to France before, but
we
(4) ......... .................. {know) some French from our time at school and
we
(5)....... :............ ....... (manage) to brush up on lhe basics. Now
(6)...... .... ......... ........ (wonde r) if we (7L .... .. .. .. ...... ...... .. .(make) the right
but
decisio n. We (8) ... .... .. .... :.... ......... (plan) our route cereful ly in advanc e,
It
we (9) ........................... (forget) one import ant thing, the weathe r.
116

BDA12

00) ... .. .. .. .... ...... .... .... (rain) solidly since our arrival and that night we
(11 ).............. ..... ..... ... (end up) sleeping in the waiting room at a railway
station . Then the next morning as we (12) ................ .... ... .... (ride) down a
steep h1.ll my bike (13) ...... .. ................... (skid) on the wet road and I
(14) ......... ... ..... ........ .. (fall om. 1 (15) ......... ..... .......... ... (.:ealise) immediat ely
that I (16) ...... .... ..'..... ... ....... (break) my atm, and after a visit to the local
hospital I (17) .. .......... ............... (catch) the next train to Calais for the
ferry home. Unfortun ately my parents (18) ..:...... ..... ... .......... (not expect)
me home for a fortnight , and (19) ............ ........... .... (go) away on holiday. So
I (20) ....... ...... .... ........ ..(spend) a miserable couple of weeks alone; reading
Teach Yourself French.

III. READIN G
A. Read the passage and answer the question s which follow by
choosing thP best suggesti on.
'You don't take sugar, do you?' shouted his secretary , not so much
asking a quest:ion as stating a fact - as well she might, because she had
been making Lancelot cups of coffet for many months . Her excuse for
forgetting ,such things was that he wasn't normally suppos~d to be there.
Actually nowadays he was usually there all the time, having 'discovered
that to take up his proprieto rial privilege of staying away was
tantamou nt to opening the floodgates . Not for the first time he pondered
the easy, impercep tibly divided stages by which he had progresse d from
valued counsellor, meeting authors and playwrig hts over lunch at
carefully .planned planning meetings complete with agenda, to hapless
dogsbody moving one step ahead of catastrop he, with nowhere t o park
when he arrived at work in the mornings .
'This came ,' .she yelled, vaguely waving a manila fold er before putting
it down in fr.ont of him. 'From that chap in Los Angeles. You said you
wanted to see it.' A typed label said: 'A World History of the Short, by
Ian Cuthbert. ' Just under that it said 'An Expanded Synopsis '. Lancelot
did not want to see that word 'synopsis'. At the very least he wanted to
see a label saying 'A First Draft'. Lancelot had already seen a synopsis c.:
this book and did not really want to see another, however heavily
BDA12

117

revised. Ian Cuthbert had been given an advance of several thousands of

pounds for th hMk durinR thg initial flurry of activity wh~n L1mcelo
h ad_ bought the fi:rm. On~ of several olci friends from whom Lancelot had
made the capital error of commissionin g books, Ian Cuthbert was a
particularly flagrant proof that in such circumstartces the possessor of a
, . ayward temperament , far from nerving himself to behave more
predi ctably fo:r: friendship's sake, will actually become less 'pindownable '.
than ever .
- Lancelot skipped the blurb come preamble which he had read for
what seemed like the hundredth time and sampled the synopsis proper.
There was scarcely a phrase that he did not recognise at a glance. He
closed te fo.lder and shifted it to one side. Plainly at this rate Ian's
manuscript would never be forthcoming. As well as almost wholly lacking
the brilliance for which its author was supposed to be famous , the
synopsis, under its doggedly frolicsome tone, had the unmi:;;+.akable dead
ring of a lost conviction. Lancelot remembered tales of a famous authorabout-town whose last book, published incomplete after his death,. h nd
been coaxed from him chapter by chapter, one payment at a time. But L1
that case, the paymen~s were fractions of a hypothetical advance which
had nver been given in the fir,st place. Ian's advance had been
enor nous; a blatant reversal of the sound business principle by which
auth ors must deliver a manuscript now in order to be paid with inflated
currency later.
Lancelot, who had read ~odern languages at Oxford, could remember
the day when Ian Cuthbert had been the most promising talent in a
Car 1bridge so full of pYomise that it had made everywhere else feel
pro, incial. Ian's contemporari es had plotted to take over the British
theatre and in a remarkably short time they had actually done so. But
their mental energy had seemed like indolence when you looked at Ian.
He had worn his overcoat like a cape and talked about what one very
famous French writer had said as if he had been there to overhear it. Yet
for some reason , the whole frostily coruscating galaxy of Ian's creative
intellect had remained locked in its closet. While less gifted deviant s
came out and conquered, Ian went fun her in . At the height of his

118

BDA12

influenc e as a literary taste-m aker he was already notoriou sly difficult to

deal with. Officially appointe d by the rele_vant public agency to eelit a
compreh ~nsive magazin e of the arts, ht was like a general with a milt'ion
tons of eq!lipm ent pinned down on the beach by nothing except an excess
of _o pportun ity. The magazin e used up the budget for a dozen issues
without appeari ng once. Similarl y, "his thrice-re newed three-ye ar contract
with o~e of the fashion magazin es engende red little ex.::ept legend~ about
the size of his emolum ent, which was increase d from generos ity to
extravag ance in an attempt to make him produce more, and then from
extravag ance to munifice nce in an attempt to make him produce
anythjn g. At the editoria l working breakfa sts - there were always at least
two of the titled photogr aphers present to capture tha scene for posterit y
- Ian spat witty venom through clenched teeth, and poured nitric a~id on
other people's ideas . Ten years later, he could scarcely be depende d upon
to turn up for his own funeral. Lancelo t was on foe verge of admittfn g to
himself that 'A World History of the 8hort' had been a. mistake from its
inceptio n .
1. What does the reader learn about Lancelo t in the first paragra ph?
A. He regrets having deiegate d importa nt work to his secretar y.
B. His busines s no longer runs as smoothl y as it used to.
C. He prefers entertai ning clients to doing routine office work.
D. His schedule is always tightly packed with appoint ments.
2. Whfrh phrase , as it is used in the second paragra ph of the text, has a
double meaning in the context of Lancelo t's business initiativ es?
A. 'flurry of activity'
B. 'capital error'
C. 'flagran t proof
T\ . : ll''"''"""'.,,..
. ~ ~ >._~
-+'
na;y vva.J.u +
t.c.1.11}'~1 cuue11L
3. According to the writer, how did Lancelo t feel about Ian when he first
commis sioned him?
A. He was awara_that he was doing Ian a much-ne eded favour.
B. He believed th at his friendsh ip with Ian would develop further.
C. He suspecte d that he might have misjudg ed Ian's behavio ur.
D. He trusted that Ian would meet the requirem ents of the agreeme nt.
4. How does Lancelo t react to the 'synopsis' he has receiveq from Ian?
A. He is amazed to find t hat ~t contains no originc1.l thought s or ideas.
J.J.

BDA12

119

the project seriously.

B. He has the impression that Ian . is not taking
C, He is convinced that Ian ha~ other m?re pre~~ing CQIDnltments ,
D. He realises that Ian's inflexibility restricts him to a certain writing
style.
5. In recalling the story of another well-known auth_or, Lancelot realises
thdt
A. money is not a motivating factor for people who are already
famous .
B. money can have a negative impact on relationships with others.
C. he should have known better than to pay Ian when he did.
D. he should have consulted others before making a deal with Ian.
6. What aspect of Ian's student day5 does Lancelot find hard to reconcile
with his more recent experience of Ian?
of that time
A. Ian's relationships with famous writers
- B. the large number of Ian's peers who went intc the theatre
C. the far::t that Ian outshone a highly talented peer group
n. T~n 'R tiP.tachmP.nt from his artistic contemporaries
7. In comparing Ian's early career days to the experie~ce of a general at
war, the writer is suggesting that Ian
A. might have benefited from a more restricted range of choices.
B. might have done better in a different environment.
C. was allowed to get away with too many misdemeanours.
D. should have taken a more strategic approach to his work.
B. For this exercise, you must choose which of the paragraphs A-H
fit into the numbered gaps in the following magazine article.
- - ~T,...~~!"~- !~ ~"!!P. e~t!".!! paragrap~,_ which does not fit in any of the
gaps.
A. The possibility of not being a smoker was beginning to make me feel
powerful. It was a secret feelinp. that had nothing to do with anyone
except myself. Could I also cor1quer the world?
' B. I suppose my inability to explain how one afternoon I had been a
packet-a-day, life-long smoker, and four hours later I was not, was
faintly irritating. I find it curious myself.

120

BDA12

C. I am increasingly coming to the view that for me smoking h3.d a great

deal to do with displacing boredom; having a cigarette ,was an activity
in itself.
D. r- could not have been more reasonable. After all, I positively enjoyed
smoking. It gave rrie real pleasure. I thought the counsellor looked at
me rather knowingly.
E. l had not intended to stop and I did not even particularly want to. For
one thing, I wholly resented the remorseless pressure from the antismoking mob - and I still do . For another, I had low blood pressure
and a long-living and healthy family. I did not cough or feel unwell
and threw off colds more easily,. it seemed to me, than friends with
consciously healthier lifestyles.
F. My skin is pinker, I e;an sing higher notes and I don't smell like a
bonfire. People have stopped asking me if I have a sore throaL
G. The one activity - my work - that I thought would be the most difficult
to accompli3h without cigarettes did not cause a single problem . I had
really believed that I would not be . able to work to deadlines
unassisted by nicotine and that for the first time ever I would fail to
write a story to order.
H. I noticed V'.rith interest that when I was told to smoke I was reluctant
to do so - and so were the others.
}

-------------- w -------------THE DAY I GA VE UP SMOKING

I thought everyone would be pleased, but one of my colleagues was
absolutely furious. 'What do you mean?', she raged. 'If it was that easy,
why didn't you stop years ago?'
(1) ... ...... .-............... ..... ....... .. ..... ......... ... ..... ..... .. ........... .' .. .

The stop-smoking ~ession was an interesting mixture of group therapy

an~ hypnotherapy and it took place exactly two months and tl~ree weeks
ago.

BDA12

121

(2) ........ ... ... ... ............................ ..... ........... ........... ......... . .

On -that unexceptional Thursday afternoon, I had simply gone along to

the Birmingr.am session of Th e Easy Way to Stop Sinoking to write an
article about other people trying to give up . 'I shan't be trying to stop
myself, it wouldn't be fair: I announced firmly. 'Sic.ce my motivation for
being here is writing, not stopping, it would not be right to expect your
method to work on me.'
(3) ........... ........... ......... ..... ...-. .. .... ... .... .... ....... .... ..... ...... .. .

We were encouraged to smoke as much as we wis~ed and most of the

afte rnoon was conducted in a roo m so smoke-filled that we had to open
t he windows.
(4) ........ ... ..... .... ... ........................ ..... ..... .. .. ................ ..... .

. I suppose what happened was .that the stop-smokin g messages made

intellectual sense. Just as smoking itself had become a challenge in the
face of opposition, so t he notion of stopping began to feel at-tractive.
(5) ..... ... ......... ............. ... .. .... .... .. .. .. ...... ... ... ........... ..... ..... .

In many senses, it was easy. The physical craving, the pangs of desire for

nicotine, in just the same place where you feel hunger, faded after a
minute or two and l experienced them over only four or fi ve days.
(6) ...... ............................... ........................................... .. .

Surprisingly, pottering around at hume on weekend morni ngs proved to

be the most difficult thing - and it still is .
( 7) .............. ... ......... : ...... .... ... ....... ..... .... ... ...... ...... .......... ...

Yes , I do miss my cigarettes , but not too much . Each 'new' experience as a
non-smoker has to be addressed - eating out, waiting for an aero-plane,
booking into a hotel, a theatre interval. All are ~ey moments in which I
would hav~ previously smoked cigarettes.

IV. USE OF ENGLISH

A. Read the following text and decide which word best fits each
blanll.

! 122

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Th e point at which physical decline with age begins adversely to

affect a driver's capability has n ot yet been thoroughly stud ied. A survey
of more t h an 3,000 r oad accidents in Michigan involvin g drivers aged
over 55 showed that in eigh t out of ten (1).. .................. ... it was a driver
over th e age of 71 who h ad (2). .... .... . .. .. ..... .. .. a collision by failing to
yield , t urning ca r elessly or changing lan es.
Older drivers are obviously more (3) ............ ... ........ to inj ury in vehicle
crash es, as well as being a pot ent ial higher (4).... ................... through
their own driving (5) ........... ... ....... ... .
Reaction (6).... ... .......... ...... in an emergency involves m any differen t
physical (7) ............. ....... ... such as the product ion of th e nerve impulse,
perception of th e 3ignal, (8)... .. ........ .. ... .. ... of response and t ra n smission
to the muscles .
Some of t h ese (9).. .... ................. more t han oth ers with age, but th e
overall effect increases the time it takes to respond for mor e
(10)....... ........ ....... c rivers.
Part of the ageing process, however, does include the
(11) ......... ..... ......... of experience, cften in the subconscious , which triggers
( 12)..... .. ..... ........ .. . danger warnings than in younger drivers who have not
experienced similar situations.
This (18) ...... .............. .. of judgement heightens the perception of risk
and often (14).... ...... .. ........... older drivers to avoid a si uation which
might then (15) .... ... ... ...... .. ..... them to the t est.
1. A users
2. A a'v oided
3. A. likely
4. A degree
5. A practice
6. A .
7. A
8. A
9. A.
10. A

period
events
ch oice
irnprove
mature

11. A collection

B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.

points
prevented
susceptible
chance
act ivity
time
parts
suggestion
deteriorate
ancient

B. addition

C. cases.
C. caused
C. possible
C. factor
C .. experience
C. prncess
C. factors
C. section
C. reduce
C. older

D. prefere1;ce
D. increase
D. elderly -

C. .storage

D. summary

D. attempts
D. activated
D. common
n. risk
D. behaviour
D. system
D. form ::l

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123

---------

12. A. sooner
13. A. lack

B. earlier
B. maturity

C. former
C. absence

D. later
D. strength

14. A. follows
15. A. fix

B. progresses
B. force

C. leads
C. enable

D. pulls
D. put

B. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the passage with one

suitable word.
BEING LEFT-HANDED
Imagine having difficulty every time you wanted to use a pair of
scissors or cut a piece of bread . Such (1) ...... .. .. ....... ...... the everyday
problems fa cing left-handed peopl~ in Britain. Living in a right-handed
world, (2) .. .................... . seems , is not easy ..
It is estimated that (3) .. .. ..... ............. .ten and fifteen per cent of the
British population is left-handed, yet (4 ).. ... .... .............. are few items
made especially for them. In an (5).. ... ....... ... .... ....
to improve the
situation, left-handed organisations have been surveying (6) .. ..... ........ ...... ..
consider able minori ty and have produced many things t o
(7).... ....... .. ..........
i:i. left -hander's life that littl e bit easier. The LeftHanders Club asked its members (8) ......... .... .. ..... .. . products they would
most (9) ... ........ ........... . to see made especially for them and some of those
requested the (10)..... .. ... .... ....... .. h ave been produced by the Anything
Left-Handed shop in London .
Fountain pens , for example, can be a problem for left-han:lers ,
(11)......... ... ... ........ the writing is orten smudged when t he h and travels
across t he page (1 2)....... ... .. .... .. ..... the ink sometimes does not flow
correctly, (13) ............... ....... . to the angle the pen is held at. Special
foun tain pen s for left-handers have quicker drying ink (14).......... .... .... .... .
lesben the smudging, and the ink flows better no (15 ).:.. ... .... ..... ....... what
angle the pen is held at.
Lett-handers in Britain have had to (16) .... .... ..... ......:... up with being
(1 7)................ ..... to as clumsy and awkward and sometimes they h ave even
been (18) ..... ... ............. of as stupid. Famous left-handers (19).......... ........ .... .
Albert Einstein, and many famous sports and film stars. It is . doubtful
whether anyone would call (20)... ................... clumsy, aw..kward or st upid.

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C. Rewri te the second senten ce so that it has a simila r meani ng to

the first senten ce using the word in capita l and other words.
1. We decided not to look for anothe r flat for a couple of months. PUT
We decided to ... ..... .. ........... ... .......... .. . for anothe r _flat for a couple of
months .
of
2. You should start trainin g more seriously. You've got a good chance
getting on the team. ENCOURAGED
She ..... .......... ..... .. .. .. ... ... trainin g more seriously because she said I had
a good chance of getting on the t eam.
3. 'I'm going to send these photog raphs to the newspa per if you don't pay
up,' she said. THREA TENED
She ................. .... ............. the photog raphs to the newspa per if he
didn't pay up .
d.
4: I wish I hadn't said I'd help Manuel move house this weeken
REGRET
I ....... .. ..... :.. ...... ,.... .. ...... I'd help Manuel move house this weeken d.
5. Treatin g her like that was very unfair. DESERVE
She ......... .... ..... ... .. ..... ........ treated like that.
6. I hope he wasn't offended when I told him I thdugh t he was putting
on weight. MIND
I hope he didn't .... ........ ...... .. .. ...... .. ...... I though t he was putting on
weight.
7. I missetl my train because of the heavy traffic. MADE
The hea,y traffic .. .. ......... ...... .................. my train.
8. 'Why don't we stay in Madrid overnig ht?' said Silvia. PROPO SED
Silvia .... ................. .... ... ...... .. in Madrid overnig ht.
9. The organis ing commi ttee w?uld be delight ed if you would give the
openin g lecture at the conference. INVITE
The oq;anis ing commi ttee are pleased .. ............ ......... ............. the
openin g lecture at the conference.
.
10. You didn't tell me you were going to be away for a whole month
NEGLE CTED
You ..... ....._.. .. ................ you were going to be away for a whole month.

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125

D. Fin ish each of the follow ing se_n tences in such a way that
it is
as simila r as possib le in mean ing to the sente'f:ce printe d before

I
it.
1. The studen ts regret ted that they had missed t he lecture .
The studen ts regret ted not ...... .... .... ...... .. .... .... .......... .......... ..........
.... .. ... .
2. If you missed the progra mme you can't really judge.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
,

Unles s you .. ........ .. .. ... ....... ... ... ....... ..... ......... .. ....... ...... . ... .......... ..
.... ...... ... .
It was more of an argum ent than a discus.sion.
It was n ot so ... .. .. .... ............ .. .... .. ... .. ....... ... .......... .......... .. ..... .. ..
.... ... ... .. .. .
I write to him almos t everyd ay.
I-Iardly .. ... :... ..... .. .. ..... .. ...... ........ .. ...... .. .... ......... ... ................_. ..........
.. .. ... .. .
I nevtr intend ed to go to the meetin g.
I never h ad .................. ... ... :.... .... ........ .... .......... .......... .. .......... ......
.... ...... .
I only recogn ised him when he came into the light.
Not until .... ......... .. ..... ...... ........ ..... .......... ....... ... ............ .... .... .. . .....
... .... ... .
That rumou r about the politic ian and the constr uction contra
ct is
absolu tely false .

There is .. .. ... ... .... .... .... ..... ...... ... .. .... ........... ..... :........ .... .. .. ..... ..... ..........
.... . .
8. One runne r was too exhaus ted to comple te the last l ap of
t h e race .
One r unner was so ...... ..... ... .. .. .. .. ..... ... ...... .... .. ... .. .... . ......... ..........
.... ... ... .
9. They n ever made us do anythi ng we didn't want to do.
We ..... .. ... .. ..... .. .. ..... .. ... .......... ... .. ...... ... .. ... ............. .... .... .. ...... .. .....
.... ... .... .
10. It is quite pointle st- to compl ain .

There 's no .. ...... ...... ... .... ..... .... ..... ....... .... ....... .. .... .. ... ....................
... ..... .. .

VI. COMP OSITI ON

Write a comp ositio n (350 words ) about the follow ing topic:
How do mnvie s or televi sion infiu, mce pfopl e's behav ior?
Use
reaso ns and specif ic examp (es to suppo rt your answe r.

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PRACTICE TEST 6
I. VOCABULARY
A, B , C or D th at fits each blank.
A. Ch oose t h e best
.
. word from
1. Her hands were swollen ai:id wrinkled , but she still had her nails
... .. .... .... ...... ... .. . regularly.
C. maintained D. managed
A manufactured B. manicured
2. The girl's large, heavy earrings had .... ........ ........ .. ... her earlobes
permanently.
D. diseased C. disfigured
B. dismayed
A displaced
3. More and more people are h aving satellite dishes ........... .. ......... ... on
their roofs .
C. implantec! - D. inserted
B. introduced
A installed
4. Cut flowers may ...... ..... .. ............ through lack of water.
D. drop
C. wilt
B. coUapse
A faint
5. The actor was so nervous that he could only remember small
.............. .. .. ..... .. of dialogue.
D. snatches
C. patches
B. pieces
A shreds
6. The .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. cheer ed ' when the final goal was scored in the
match today.
D. audience
C spectators
B. onlookers
A viewers
7. Most people .. .. .... .... .. ... .... .... family heirlooms and keep them safe .
D. nurture
C nourish
B. cherish
A cosset
8. The man's laugh had a very cruel .. .... ......... ...... .. .. to it.
D. noise
C. resonance
B. boom
A ring
9. The job you've been offered is a(Ii) .. .. .... .... ...... .... .. . op_!)o1-tunity to
travel and meet people .
D. single
C. unique
B. only
A sole
10. He .......... .... .. ...... .. . a yawn as the actor began yet another long speech .
D. stifled
C. submerged
B. suffocated
A squashed
11. The rock was so heavy th at it was only with the greatest difficulty
that the climbers could .... ... ........ .. ...... .. it out of t heir way.
D. cast
C. throw
B. fling
A heave

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127

12. The ba:.riers suddenly collapsed and the crowd

.. ..... .. .......... ... ... forward on to the pitch .

of supporters

A swirled
B. gush2d
C. surged
D. trickled
13. The crowed roared with excitement when .Bem:on .. ..... ... .... .. .. .... ... his
partner off her feet and carried her ab0ve his head around the
skating rink.
A. skimmed
B. ripped
C. hurtled
D. swept
14. After several ferocious punches b9th boxers were .......... ............ ...
_ unsteadily on their feet
A. bouncing
B. lunging
C. swaying
D. swinging
15. A burst tyre caused the car to .. .......... .. ........... off the road and into the
river .
A. swerve
B: fire
C. curve
D. skate
16. It is not yet known what made the aeroplane stall and thE:n
.. ... ............ .. .. .... into the sea.
A swoop
B. dip
C. hurl
D. plummer
17. She didn't .... ... .... ... .. . ... . .... the idea of having to go to the party on
h er own .
A. eavour
B. agree
C. relish
D. delight
18. Many athletes have reached their ...................... .. b: tlie time they are
twenty.

A. summit
B. top
C. point
D. peak
19. Many famous people. resent their private lives being held up to public
A. observation B. deliberation
C. scrutiny
D. investigation
20. You could make a formal complaint to the committee, but I wouldn't
go down that .. ... ..:......... ... ..... if I were you.
A. lane
B. street
C. avenue
D. road

B. Use the correct form of each of the words given in parentheses

to fill in the blank in the following passages.
THE LIFE OF A FO<YfBALL FAN .
Being a fan is .not a vicarious pleasure, despite all appearances to the
contrary. Our fun is not a (1) ........ .... ............. (water) - down version of the

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team's -fun , even though they are the ones that get to score the goals . The
(2) ......... .. .... ..:... .:.. (excite) we feel on occasions. like this is not a (3)
.. .... ............... .... (celebrate) of others' good fortune, but it is truly our own.
And when there is a (4) ... ....... ... ..... ... .. .. (disaster) defeat the sorrow t.hat
engulfs us is, in effect, self-pity. The players are merely our (5)
........ ..... ... ... .. ... . (represent). I am a part of the club, just as the club is part
of me ; and I say this with total (6) ..... ... ........ ......... (aware) that the club
('1).. ......... .... .. .. ...... (regard) my views, and treats me (8) .. .. ...... ...... .... .... .
(appalling) on occasions .

THE ART OF FENCING

Fencing is popular sport that demands . (9) ... .. .. ... ..... ... ... ... . (agile) and
quick reflexes . It is, (10) ........ ..... .... ..... ... (basic), the modern version of the
(11) ... .. .... ........... ..... (tradition) duel and the weapons that are used are
the modern (1~) .... ........ ...... .... .. . (equivalence) of the everyday swords of
the past. The 'foil ' is the weapon d_istinguished l,y its (13)... ... ...... ..... .... .:..
(light) and hits are made only on the trunk of the body, not the limbs or
head. The 'epee' is most like the old dueiling sword and is stiffer and
mure solid. It is (14) ... ..... .... ,.. .. .... .... . (permit) with this to make h:ts
anywhere on the body, head. or limbs. The 'sabre' is like the old cavalry
sword and has proved its (15) .... .... ......... ... ... .. (effective) in cutting as well
as thrusting. Fencers wear masks and thick waistcoats for (16)
.. .. .. .. .. ... ... ... ... ... (protect) from injuries which can occur '--:ring matches .
C. In the extract below from an article about the London
Underground map there are incorrectly spelt words in most
line_s. Write the word but spell it correctly in the space provided
or, if you think the line is correct, put a tick (--/). Two of the
lines have been done for you.
The London Underground map is a designe ciassic.
Th.ey keep a copy in the New York Musuem of Modern
Ar t . One of the century's most famous images , it is
as much a .worldwide symbole of London as Big
Ben and
. Beefeat ers . But it only came about. because
a young enginering draughtsman living in High Barnet
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design
1 .. ...... ...... .:..
2 ... ...... ..... .. ..

3 ... ..... .... ..... .

... ... ...--/......... .
4 ........ ... ... ... .

129

w&s laid of and began sketching a map to fill the time.

At first 29-year-old Harry Beck's design wa.s rejected as to
revolutionary by London Tramiport. Uged on by friends,
he tried again . This time his map was grugin~ly accepted
and in 1933 five hundred were printed in a trail run. It was
an imediate , .1ccess; for the first time the travelling
public could see the Tube system as a hole and could
work out how to get around London :tt a glance.
I Before Beck, maps were a litteral representation
of distance and meandering routes became bewilderingely
difficult to follow. Beck realised that it was important to
show the order o( stations and there> ~0nnections.
Clarity, not geography, was what counted.

I 5 .. .......... ..... .
6 ..... ...... ..... ..
7 .. ... .. .. ........ .
8 ........ ......... .

9 ........ ... ...... .

10 ...... ... ....... ..

11 ............. .... .
12 ... .. ... ..... .... .
13 .. ...... ..... .. .. .
14 .... ........... ...
15 ............ ... ...
16 .. ........... ... ..
17 ............... ...

II. GRAMMAR

A. Complete the following sentences using after, at, in or...Q!!

1. "Who destroyed the Temple in Jerusalem?"
"I don't know, sir, but I expect that they will blame it ..... .. ...... .. ... me "
2. When the offer of a free trip to Holland was made, John was ve: y
quick .... ...... ... ..... . the mark; and managed to get the first ticket.
3.. Most people would jump .. .... .. ..... .... . the chance to spend a year iri
America,
all expenses paid.
4. When Robin told me about his quarrel with Batman, I asked qim not
to involve me .... ... ... ...... .. his personal affairs .
5. Was the Clifton Suspension Bridge named ..... : ........ .. .. a man called
Clifton Suspension?
6. If trains always leave ...... ... ..... .... schedule, why do so many of them
arrive late at the other end?
7. The survivors of the Titanic ""ere ... .. ........ ..... sea for several days
before being rescued.
8. My husband brnught me some flowers today . He must be
something!

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9. We were all very excited .... .............. the prospect of a free trip to
Paris.
10. Does it matter what a national politician does .. ................ private as
long as he performs well in his job? ~

B. Put the verbs given in brackets into their appropriate tense or

form.
Last week I (1). ......... .... ........... (walk) home after playing tennis when
it (2). . ............. ... .. ..... (start) rammg very heavily. 'Oh , no, I
(3) ...... .... .... ..... .. .... (get) soaked before I (4) ........ ......... ........ (reach) hoI?e,' I
thought, 'I wish I (5) ..... ... ..... ............ (remember) to bring 'm y raincoat.' But
unfortunately I (6)... ..... ...... .... ...... .(leave) it at home . 'How stupid of me!' I
always (7) .... ........ .. .. ... :..... (getJ to bring it with me. 'Luckily just then a
friend of mine passed in her car and offered me a lift
'or
me ,
asked
home?' she
you
'(8) ... .. .... .. .. ... .... ..... (go)
(9) ... .......... ...... :.. .,.( want) you to go for a drink?' 'I thiP..k I'd rath8r you
(10) .. ...... ... , ... ... ....... (take) me home,' I said.

III. READING
A. Read the passage and answer the questions wh.ich follow by
choosing the best suggestion.
BROADCASTING : THE SOCIAL SHAPING OF A TECHNOLOGY
'Broadcasting' originally meant sowing seeds broadly , by hand . It is,
in ot her words, not only an agricultural metaphor, it is also one of
optimistic modernism. It is about planned growth in the widest possible
circles , the production, if the co nditions are right, of a rich harvest . The .
metaphor presupposes a bucket of seeds at the centre pf the activity, i.e.
the existence of centralised resources intended and suited for spreading and reproduction . The question to be looked into is why a new technology
that. transmitted words and pictures electronically was organised in a
way t hat made thi s agricultural metaphor seem adequate.
Since television as a technology is related to vari~us two-way forms of
communication , such as t h e telegraph and t he telephone, it is all the
more striking that, from its very early days, it was envis~ged as a
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. 131

centralised 'mass' medium. However, transmission to private homes from

some centralised unit was simply in keeping with Loth socio-economic
'

structures and the dominant ways of life in modem and . modernising

societies. Attempts or experiments with other forms of organisation in
the long run remained just that attempts and experiments_. Two littleknown , distinct alternatives deserve mentioning since they highlight
wlv1t television might have be~ t - in a different social co_ntext.
Experiments with two-way television as a possible replacement for
the ordinary telephone were followed up, so to speak, by radio amateurs
in Britain in the early 1930s. Various popular science journals, such as
Radio News, had detailed articles about how to construct television
transmitters and receivers and, throughout the 1930s, experimenting
amateurs were active in many parts of the country. But Big Business,
represented by the British Radio Man, .'.'acturers Association, in 1938
agreed upon standards for television equipment and channel r gulations
which drove the grass-roots activists out. Ahd so there passed , at least in
Britain, the historical 'moment' for a counter-cultural development of
television as a widely diffused, grass-roots, egalitarian form tf
communication.
Broadcasting in some form was, however, tied not only to strong
econo_nic int<::1:ests, but also to th e d~ep structures of modern societies. In
spite of the activities Df TV amateurs , television was also primarily a
medi:Jm for theatrical exhibition in the USA in the early 1930s, and as
such often thought tc be a potential competitor of the film i~dustry. In
fact television was throughout the 1930s predominantly watched in
publ c settings also outside of the USA. For example, in Britain, public
. view ng of television was t he way in which most early audiences actually
expe ienced the medium' and this was even more the case in Germany.
While the vision of grass-root s or amateur two-way television was quite
obviously doomed to a very marginal position at the very best, televi$ion
systems largely based on collective public reception were in fact operating
in several countries in the 19305 and may, with the benefit of hindsigh~,
be seen as having presented more of a threat to the domestication of the
medium.
But it was a threat that was not to materialise.
1
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BDA12

Manufacturer s saw the possibilities for mass sales of domestic sets as

soon as the price could be reduced , and given the division anrl relation
between the public and private domains fundamental to . modernity,
centralised broadcasting to a dispersed domestic audience was clearly the
most adequate organisation of the medium . As working-class people
achieved improved standards of living and entned 'consumer' society
from about the 1920s onwards, the dreams of the home as a fully
equipped centre for entertainmen t and diverse cultural experiences
became realisable for the majority . of inhabitants of Western nationstates. And all of this is now also happe!:ing on a global scale .
There is a clear relationshi p between the basic processes of social
and the dominant structures of broadcasting. While social
modernisation
.
and economic modernisation meant increac- :ng centrali sation and
concentration of capital and political power, the break-up of traditional
communities produced new ways of _life. Mobility was both social and
geographical, and both forms implied that individuals and households
were, both literally and metaphoricall y, 'on t1'e move' in ways that left
them r elatively isolated compared to people in much more stable early
communities . Centralised _broad~asting was both an answer to the need
felt by central government to r each all citizens with important
information efficiently , and a highly Useful ir:strument in the production
of the harmonising, stabili sing 'imagined community' of the nation-state.
The pervasiveness of these structured processes and inter ests
render ed broadcasting the 'n aturally' victorious organisation of both radio
and television. What is left out here is the more positive view of
broadcasting as a social form suitable also for democracy. In the
formation of broadcasting policies between the World Wars, the interest
m broadcasting as a means of securing equal access to resources
necessary for conscious, informed and autonomous participat ion in
political, social and cultural life played a very important role in many
countries . Of course television is changing, 'and there is t he risk t hat the
very term broadcasting becomes outmoded or at least inadequat~. In
which case, this metaphor will be seen only as refer~ing to a particular

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133

. organisat ion of audio-vis ual technolog y during a certain centralise d phase

of social modernisation .
. 1. In the metaphor explored by the writer in the first paragrap h, what

does the 'bucket of seeds' represent ?

A. planned growth
B. a rich harvest
C. the centre of the activity.
D. centralise d resources 2. In the second paragrap h, what view does the writer express about the
way in whi ch television developed?
A. It confirmed the results of experime nts .
B. It refl ected. oth er social trends .
C. It was do minated by other technolog ies .
D. It was limited by economic constrain ts ..
3. Th e writer r egard s the experime nts by radio amateurs in, the 1930s
as
A a missed opportuni ty to use te levision technol ogy in a different
way.
B. investiga tions into the commerc ial potential of television
technolog y.
C. a breakthr ough in the developm ent of new types of television
transmitt ers.
D. attempts to establish a more effective mean s of communi cation
than the telephone .
4 . Looking back, what does the wr~ter feel about public viewings of TV in
the 1930s?
A. They received a lot of oppositio n from the film industry.
B. They were limited to small audiences outside the USA.
C. They might have provided an alternativ e to the way broadcas ting
developed .
D . They were less significan t than ..the experime nts with two-way
television .
5. Tr~nsmis sion ~o people's homes became a dominan t feature of
television because
A. changes in society had created a demand for t his. B. it became possible~to manufact ure television s on a domestic scale.
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C. television audiences were seen as pote:1tial consumer s of advertise d

goods .
D. it was an effective way of deliverin g the programm e schedules that
people wanted.
6. In the sixth paragrap h, the . writer says that the authoritie s saw
broacl~asting as a means of
A. controllin g the informati on that people received.
B. accelerat ing the process of modernis ation.
C. boosting their own political influence.
D. counterac ting social upheaval.
7. In the final paragrap h, what does the writer say he has. omitted from
his earlier analysis?.
<
A. The factors that motivate people in the broadcas ting industry.
B. 'The resources needed to operate a broadcas ting service.
C. The capacity of broadcas ting to empower people.
D. The strength of the interests behind broadcas ting.
B. Read this article and then choose the best paragra ph fro'l A-E
to fill each of the numbere d gaps in the text. There is one extra
paragra ph which does not belong in any of the gaps.
A. It twisted his wrist as much as it twisted mine. 'I can get really hurt
this way,' he told me 'I can't do it more than a few days a week or the
hands -get very sore.' He showed me the scars to prove it. With his
foot , he marked the spot where the rod had given its unmistak able

signal.
B. 'Is it harder to find water when it 's raining?' I asked, tongue in cheek.
'When you're looking for water 200 feet down, a bit of rain up top
doesn't make much difference ', he replied.
C. 'A few years later, I was cutting a hedge and the.re was this hazel
stick. I just walked across the field with it and away it went, violently
You might say i~'s magic but to me it's very natural and ordinary.'
D. Donovan told me to close my eyes and think. I shuffled forward . very
slowly. Nothing for several paces, and then a tremblin g. A further
step, a distinct vibration . Then the rod took charge, twisting and

BDA12

135

waving, and nothing that I could have done would have held it stilL

'Open your eyes,' Donovan s,iid, 'and look down'. I wa~ on mrnctly thl:l
mark where the rod had performe d before. Donovan explained that,
beneath us was an ur1derground stream that fed his -pond. I was
convinced .
E. In the garage are the tools of his trade 'A stick is a stick ... and it
isn't.' he declares 'It's a stick when you pick it up, but pull the fork
outwards and it bec0mes a divining rod.' He grabs hold of a few in
quick succession, twist them briefly and judges them to be either good
or bad. He picked one up and we went outside. Tnen followed a most
remarkab le experienc e

-------------- m -------------Donovan Wilkins is a water diviner. He lives in Cornwall in a village

called Chacewa ter. Sounds like a jol:e? Well, his talents are far from
laughable . With a crude hazel twig that twitches in response to some
incomprehensible force, he can do what grown scientists and machines
often fail to do, and that is to pinpoint undergro und water supplies with
astonishi ng accuracy.
It was wet Cornish weather the day I called on him. Dark rain-lade n
cloud scudded down the valley near Truro; Atlantic moisture dropped from
.
.
the leaden
skies by the
bucketful .
.
.
.
( 1) ......................... ........ .: .. ................. .... ..... ................... . .

So what does a water Jiviner do, and how does he do it? 'Well, every
time I go on a job, it's a journey into the unknown ,' he admitted . 'I always
work on the basis of "No water - No pay". I'm a bold man, but I have to
be.' .
(2) ............... ............... ............. .. ... ............... ............... .... ,

'Do you want to 1:>P.lieve it?' He looked me in the eye , searching for an
honest answer. I gave him one. 'Ye- , I do. ' He took hold of one arm of the
forked hazel twig and gave me the other. we twisted it backward s till the
natural springine ss in it seemed to bring it alive . Then we walked, very

136

BDA.12

slowly, the stick ; 0ck steady. Four paces , five paces, Then, amazingl_y, the
rod flew dcv,ffward towards the earth. It flicked and it dived.
(3) ........... ... ... .... ... .... ....... .. ..... ..... ... ... .... ,... . .......... .......... .

'Do you want to try it yourself?' he asked , I nodded , st ill somewhat

shaken 'Remember.' he warned, 'doubt it for one second and it won't
wo:r:k. To _your own self be true.' I held on, 'Use all your senses ,' he urged
me. 'Hear the water in the stream? Well , listen to it. Think water, think
water.' I took hold of both arms of the hazel rod and brought it to life
with a twist
(4 ) ... .... ... ..... .. .. .. ....... ... ... ...... .. ........ ....... ..... ..... .... ... ..... .... .

I was also surprised , b1,.1t Donovan said I shouldn't have peen. 'You
need a natural propensity for it , but I would say it was there in most
people. You know when you go into a house and a shiver goes down your
spine, and you think "I don't like it here?" Well, it's the same t,hink you're -dowsing. It's a six sense to the other five.'
IV. USE OF ENGLff"'.:1 .

A. Read the following text and decide which word best fits each
blank.
Stressful atmospheres , (1) ... .. .. .. ... .. ..... .. .. of deadlines and long hours
dominate office life, according to a survey (2) ... ....... .. .... ...... . recently.
The majority of . those questioned said a good salary and career
But
(3 ).... ... ... .. ..... .... .. were their main reason for workinr-.
(4 ).................. ...... numbers . did not believe their employers offered either.
In general the survey foi.;nd that most felt that (5) ... .. ... ........... .... of life
was more important than .(6) .... .... ........ ... .... and compan y perks. Most
would prefer employers to offer (':')... .:.. .. ...... ... ..... hours, challenging tasks
and job (8) ........ .. ...... ... .... rather than perks such as company cars and
private health care. Many employers' (9) .. ..... ... ..... ... ..... to understand this
meant more than a third worried about their work on holiday, and 40 per
cent took days off (10) ..... .......... ..... ... when not ill.
_Workers were also tll) .... ... .. .. .... ... ... .. by the s::onditions they had to
work in. A fifth struggled with (12) ........ ...... .... ... .. techn.ology, badly lit
BDA12

137

offices and chairs which caused backache. Half said their

(13) .... ... ....... ... ...... would increase if their environme nt jmprgy ct,
On th e plus side , th e biggest ( 14) .... ...... .... .. ...... was the friendship
offer ed by colleagues, and it appears that the office also affords the
chance to flirt with colleagues, make (15) .... ...... .... ......... calls to fri ends
abroad , steal station ery and play computer games .
1. A.
2. A.
3. A.
4. A.
5. A.
6. A.

weight
B. force
publisheJ
B. printed
outlooks
B. odds
import ant
B. impressive
quality
B. calibre
rank
E. status
7 . A . pliable
B. elastic
8. A. safety
B. secu,ity
9. A. fai lure
B. defeat
10. A. indispo~ed
B. unwell
11. A. pest ered
B. inflamed
12. A. behind t h e times
C. out-of-date
13. A. fertility
B. capacity
14. A compen sation
C. reimbur sement
15. A. idiosyncrat ic B. unique

C. heaviness
C. publicised
C. prospects
C. heavy
C. excellence
C. degree
C. amenable

D . flexible

C. sanctuary
C. deficiency

D . protection
D. lack

C. injured

D . sick

C. irritated

D . ruffled

B. expired
D. invalid
C. value
B. damages
D. atonement
C. personal

D. pressure

D. proclaimed
D . views
D. significant
D . worth
D . grade

D. productivit y

D. individual

B. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the passage with one

suitable word.
THE LADY WHO LIKED ADVENTU RE
It was one of those impulse buys t hat can happen while shopping.
Mary Bruce was in London looking for a nice new dress
( 1).. .. ..... .... .. ...... .. ... she noticed a showroom with a light aircraft for
(2) ...... ..... ............ .. at a terribly reasonable price. Mrs. Bruce went away to
(3) .... .. ........ ... ....... ..on a dress . It did not s:1it her. The plane
(4)...... .... ..... .... ...... .
(5).. ...... ............. ..... moment in 1930 was the
beginning of an adventure for an intrepid English eccentric who became
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BDA12

navig ate the

the most in exper ienced pilot ever (~) > circum
licenc e in
globe . (7).. ...... .. ..... ........ ... qualif ying for her pilot'r
the same year
(8) ....... ..... ..... ........ . minim um 40 hours ' flying, she took off
on a 16,500-mil e flight round the world .
She loved
Mrs . Bruce was (9) ...... .. .... ........... ... strang er to adven ture.
it. Sh e was
(10) .......... .... ...... ...... with an eleme nt of dange r _in
buy a motor cycle and
(11). .. ... ... ...... .. ... ...... the first wome n in Britai n to
she marri ed the
she (12)............ .. .. .... ... .. . to drivin g racing cars when
once drove as
racing driver Victo r BrucE: in 1926. As a coup1e, they
before they
(13).... :...... ... ....... ... .. as they could into the Arctic Circle
.. ... ..... .. ... a record
(14) ..... ... ...... ... ... .. .... out of road. In 1929, she (15) .. ..... .. ..
by cover ing 67 4 nautic al miles in a power boat.
. She later
Then (16) .... .. .. ..... ....... .. .. . the mome nt she spotte d the plane
shop . A little
recall ed: 'I asked the price , then I left the
dress in anoth er
(17) ............. ..... ... ... .. flown the street I saw a marve llous
suit me one
windo w, so I wBnt m. Well, the dr~ss didn't
oom. I asked
(18) .... ......... ...... ... .... , so I went back to t he aerop lane showr
, 'Of course it
the man, 'Will this take me round the world?' He said
she was flying
(19) .. .. .......... ......... .. ., mada m.' (20)... ....... ..... ...... ..... a week,
solo.
nce ~ simil ar
C. I'or each of the sente nces below , write a new sente
using the .
as possi ble in mean ing to the origi nal sente nce, but
alter ed ui
word given in capit al letter s. This word mw;t not be
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.

any way.
n's ...... ..... .
That man's opinio n mean s more to me thari any other perso
.... ... WHO SE
....... ..... .. ... .... ... ........... ......... ... .. ....... .. .. ..... ..... ..... .. ....... ... .........
to be seen .....
Since the start of the. rain the protes ters were no longe r
.".. MELT ED
.............. ..... .. ..... .. .. ... .... ....... .. ............. ......... ..... .. ... .. ..................
My little te~t looke d very small again st the moun tain .
DWA RFED
............. ....... .... ..... ... ... ........ .... ._. ....... ..... .... ................ .. ........... .....
t.
I'm afraid there may b~ somet hing missi ng from your repor
LOOKED
....... ........ .. ..... ....... .... .... .. .......... .... ...... ...................... .... .. .".. .OVER
Surely someo ne saw the man take the pictur e.
...... .... ..... SEEN

BDA1 2

139

6. The studen ts deman ded the aboliti on of the regula tions .

.... ........ ..................... .. ....... .... ......... .......... ............................... ......... .:......BE

7. You should wash your shirt ri.ght now before that stain dries
.
................... ... .. ..... ........ ... ~ ....... .... .... .. ...... ......................................... .. NEED
8. The new one-w ay system has not oeen entire ly succes sful.
.... .. ..... ..... ... ..................................... ........ .. ................... ...... ... ....... PART
IAL
.9. The numbe r of accide nts has gone down steadi ly since the
s peed limit
was impos ed .
...... ..... ...... .. ...... .... ... ........ ....... ............ .... .. ........... ........ ................ DECL
INE
10. The spy gained access to the buildin g by a secret passag e .

..... ......... ... ............. .... .. ........ .......... .. .. ....... ............... :.............. ..... ...... MADE
D. Finish ecich of the follow ing senten ces in such a way
that it is
as simila r as possib le in mean ing to the senten ce print ed
before
it.
1. Nothin g was done about it.
Nobod y ... .... ............... .. ......... ...... ..... ...... .... ..... .................. ... ... .... .
2. It is hardly likely that he took poison .
He is .. ................ ... ... ... .:........ .. .... .. ... ............................... .
3. We couldn 't make the machi ne work.
.
.
The machi ne ............. ..... ............................................. :....................
.......... .
4. I have never seen such beauti ful picture s before .
These pictur es .. .. .......... .......... ......... ......... ...............
: .
5. These two boxers weigh exactl y the same.
There is no .. .. .......... .......... ... .. ........ .. ....... .... ... .... .. .......... ..... ... .... ...
... .. .... .. .
6 . I haven 't forgon e a meal _for two years .
The last time ......... ... .. .. .. ....... ............. .. ............. .......... ... ... .... .......
.... ...... ... .
7. It's difficu lt to answe r her questi on adequa tely.
Hers is ... .... .. .. .................... .. .......... .......... .......... ........ .... ..... ..:.... ....
.... ...... .
8. To the best ofmy knowl edge, Mr Green 's a vegeta rian.
As far ................... .... ... .......... .. .......... .... .. .......... .......... ... .... ...........
..... ... .. . .
9. He is more a lectu;P,r than a t~ache r.
He is not so ..... .. .......... . ... ... ... ............. .. ....... ........................... :......
..... .... .. .
10 . He had some hair-ra ising stories to tell.
Some of ......... ............... .................... ....... .... .... :..... ......... .... ... .. ..........
........ . .
140

BDA1 2

V. COMP OSITI ON
Write a compo sition (350 words) about the follow ing topic:
Some people preft:r to eat at food stands or restau rants. Other
people prefer to prepar e and eat food at home. Which do you
prefer ? Use specifi c reason s . and examp les to suppo rt your
answe r.

_ _ _ _ _ _ z;-:o.

PRACTICE TEST 7
I. VOCA BULA RY

A. Choos e the best word from A, B, C or D that fits each blank.

1. Oliver Twist had already had his fair ... .. ... .... ........... .. of food.
D. division
C. ration
B. help
A. ratio
2. Some great mer1 have had an .... ................. .... school record.
B. indisti!1ct
A. indistin guishab le
D. undisti nguish ed
C. extingu ished
3. Buyers and sellers were ...... .... .. ... ..... ... .. over prices.
D. hagglin:J
C. hecklin g
B. huggin g
A. hackin g.
4. Within a few weeks all this presen t trouble will have blown
C. out
B. over
A. along
5. The sixth (and last) volume in the series is
predec essors.
C. like
B. similar
A. uniform
6. Politici ans often promis e to solve all a

_D. away
with its
D. identic al
country 's problem s

A. ~hick and fast B. on the whole C. of set purpose D. at a stroke

o
7. When the detecti ves finally trapped him, he had ......... ... ..... ...... .. t
lying.
D. recourse
C. resort.
B. retort
A. resource
8. My late grandm other .... .......... ........ ... me this silver teapot.
C. bequea thed D. inherit ed
B. willed
A. beques ted
BDA12

141

9. It was getti ng ... .... ........ .. ........ midn ight when

he left.
A. on
B . on to
C. to
D. pa t
10. In his stude nt days he was as poor as a churc h
... .... .................. .
A. begg ar
B. mise r
C. mous e
D. paup er
11. She may have been poor , but she was .... ... ....
....... ..... :. hone st.
A. final ly
B. in the end
C. at least
D. at last
12. The mana ger was very .......... ........... .. .. with
me abou t my prosp ects of
prom otion .
A. since re
B. frien dly
C. just
D. frank
13. The unm arrie d ladie s regar d him as a
very
youn g
man .
A. ineli gible
B. illegi ble
C. illici t
D. eligib le
14. Mr Lazy bone s ....... ..... .. ........... to work hard
er in futur e .
A. exce pted
B. agree d
C. accor ded
D. accep ted
15. He b?.lieved that prom otion shou ld be awar
ded on ...... ................... , not
on leng th of servi ce .
A. equa lity
B. meri t
C. chara cteri stics D. purp oses
16. It is a crim inal offence to ..... .... :......... .... .. the
facts . A. oppr ess
B. supp ress
C. repre ss
D. expr ess
1 7. He ... ... ........ ....... .. .. t he cart before the horse
by buyin g the ring be~ore
he had p!'oposed to her:
A. faste ned
B. tied
C. put
D. coupled
18. Ever y delic acy Miss Cook produ ces is done
..... ...... .... ... ..... .. .
A. there and then
B. at will
C. soon er or later
D. to a turn
19. She tells her smal l boy every day not to be
rude, but it's like wate r off
a duck 's ........ .. ..... .. .... .. .. .
A. wing s
B. beak
C. back
D. feath ers
20. Anno uncin g .t hat h , was total ly done
.. ...... .. ... .... ..... : .. , Grnn dfath er
retire d to bed .
r, .
A. out
B: with
v. 1n
D. down

142

BDA 12

B. Use the correc t form of each of the words given in parent heses
to fiil in the blank in each senten ce.
... .
1. People used to suffer from their life-tim e physica l ......... .. .........
(norma l).
2. Unless we do researc h on ...... ...... ...... ... .... (sun ) energy , wind power,
.. ... ." .... .. ........... (tide ) power ... , our fossil fuels will run out.
3. In my opinion , t his book is just ..... ........ ............ (intelle ct) rubbish .
4. The alpine ........ ........ ..... ... . (land) is very dramat ic .
by
5. The slight . ... ... .... ... ... ........ (form) in his left hand was correct ed
. surgery .
a
6. It may be .. ...... ..... ..... ....... (produce) to force t hem into making
decisio n, and if you upset them they're quite likely to overac t.
)
7. Like oil , .gas is a fossil fuel and is thus a :. .... .. .... .... ... .. .. .. (renP-w
source of energy .
t to
8. V~rious ........... .............. (practic e) by police officers were brough
light by the enquiry .
9: Tourist s forget their ........ : (conceive) ideas as soon as they
visit our country .
of
10. They won the case becaus e of the ..... ......... .... .... ... (appear ) in court
t he defend ant.

C. In most line of the follow ing text, there is one unnece ssary
word. It is either gramm aticall y incorr ect or it does not fit in
with the sense of' the text. Read the text carefu lly and then_
write the word in the space provid ed at the end of the line.
Some of the lines are correc t. If the line is correc t, indica te
with a tick (Y) agains t the line numbe r. Two of the linee have
been done for you.

I Caring for your teeth and_g_u_m_s__s_h_o-ul-d- in_c_l_ud_e_ a_v_o_id_i_n_g_ __

I such sugary drinks and food, es pecially betwee n meals.
I Regularly remov~ t h e plaque and debris from off
your teeth with a toothbr ush. Use a small-h eaded brush
of medium hardness.
This type of brush will easily reach to the

BDA12

---r

. ..such .. .
1. .. .. ...... .

12 ............ .

l 3 ....:..:.:. ... .

143

~ areas of the mouth .

4 ........ ... .

I Brush your teeth

after eac.h meal, especi ally more

after breakf ast and after the last Food or drink of the day.
Bleedi ng gums are such a comnion oc~urrence that
most of people think it is norma l. In fact, bleedi ng
and inflam mati.on of the gums are signs of a
common diseas e - period ontal diseas e - which may
gradua lly destro ys the tissues suppo rting your teeth.
Period ontal diseas e affects teenag ers and adlilts, and
I is the comm onest ca~se of tooth loss in among st adults .
[ It is _caused by the contin ued presen ce of plaque . on th~ teeth.

5 ........... .
1

6 ... .. ...... .
1 ........... .
8 ........... .

9 .. ...... ... .
10 .. .. .. ... .
11 .... .... .
12 ........ .
13 ... ... .. .

14 ..... ... .

II.GR AMM AR
A. Fill the gaps in the follow ing text with the corre ct prepo
sition s.

THE POWE R OF THE UNCONSCIOUS MIND

f

Sudde nly you find that you have lost all aware ness (1) ..... ... ...........
.- .. .
what you were going to say next, though a mome nt ago the though
t was
perfec tly clear. Or perhap s you were (2).. ..... ............... the
verge of
introd ucing a friend , and his name escape d you, as you were
about to
utter it. You may say you canno t r~mem ber; (3)....... ..........
..... all
probab ility, though-, the though t has become uncons
cious, or
(4) .. .... ... ... .... ...... least mome ntarily separa ted from consci ousnes
s. We find
the same pheno menon (5) ...... ..... , ... .. ... .. our senses . If we con:n
trate hard
(6) ...... ........... .... .a contin uous note, which is (7) ... .... ...... .........
the edge of
audibi lity, the sound seems to stop (8) ......... ..... ..... ... regula r interv
als and
then start again. Su.e h oscilla tions are the result of a period
ic decrea se
and increa se (9) ...................... our attenti on, not due to any
variati on (10) ....... ........ ....... the note.
But when we are unconscious (11) ... ... .... .... ........ somet hing it does
not
cease to exist, any more than a car that has disapp eared round
a corner
has vanish ed into thin air. It is simply (12) ......... ............. of sight.
Just as
we may later see the .car again, so we come across though ts
that were
tempo rarily lost (1-3) ... ..... ..... ..... ..... us.

144

BDA1 2

Thus ; part of th~ unconscious consists of a multitude of temporarily

obscured thoughts , impressions, and images that, in spite of being lost,
continue to h ave ac: influence (14).... ... .... ...... ..... our conscious :ninds . A
man who is distracted or 'absent-minde d' will walk across t he room
(15 ) ........ :.. ...... .... search of something. He stopped, in a quapdary - he has
for gotten what h e was . (1 6)......... ........ . .. .
His hands grope
(17) ... ...... .... ......... t h e ol>jects on the table as if he were sleepwalking or
(18) ................ ...... h ypnosis ; h e is oblivious (19)...... ... , ..... . ...... his original
purpose, yet h e is unconsciously guided by it.
(20) .. ... ..:... :..... ... .. the end, h e realis('s what it. is tq.at he wants . H js
unconscious h as prompted him.
B. Pick ou.t th~ verbs and pa,:.t icles from tb,e lists below to make
phrasal verbs to fill in the blanks. Do not forget to u~e the
correct forms of the verbs

count, let, p ush, talw,g et, hold, turn, feel, hang, 'look, let,"
fall_' walk, crop, call, itp, t/{rough, down, on, to, for, in ~
1. I've been t rying t o _phone my sister. in Australia for an h our, but rI
can't ............... .... .. ..._: .
i
2. I was ta lking to J eff on the phone when suddenly he .. ... ....... ... ~........ .
I've no idea why.
3. 'I'm going to the library' 'If you .......... ..... ......... ! .. , I'll get t h e car and
drive you there .
4. I . promised . Bill that I would lend him some money . He's
.............. .. ... ... ... .. =ne, so I can't disappoint him .
5. !Jiz promised to help Tony with the report, but -she .. ... ....... .... .:..... ..
him .... ... ... .. ... .......... .. so he. had to write it wit hout her.
6. What mad~ Pet e .. .... .... .... ... .... ... :.. his family and his job? Where did,he
go and why? _
7. Sue's
financial
worries
are
beginning
t o.... .. ....... ..... ........ .
I'

her.. .... .. ... : ........ She's very depressed.

8 . Kate bas made great .success of her life. Vfe all ... ..... ..... :.... . :....... her.
9. You can't possihly say no to such a wonderful job offer . It's too good
tc .... ....... ....... ..... ... .
BD,112

145

10. I'll .'.... .. ...... .. r. ......... : yo at seven this evening., Will you . be ready by
then?
11 I'm very tired. Joan invited me to dinner at her house, but I
don't ...... ..... .. ... .. ......... it. I'll go to bed early.
12. I applied for a part-time job at the supermarket. Theire going
to ................. ..... ..... .
13. I'm sorry I'm late. Something urgent ........ .. :... :.-.. ........ . at the office, so I
couldn't leave e::i.rly.
14. It isn't that woman's turn. It's y0urs. Don't let her ...... .... ..... ......... .... !
15. Simon .... .'....... ............ : an Irish girl that he met on holiday. Three
m0nths later they were married.
J

III. READING
A. Read the passage and answer the questions which follow bJ
choosing the 6est suggestion.
Does it mattP.r that we British are so grudging towards the sciences
compared with our almost slavering eagerness to vaunt the winners ~in
the arts? Is this a 'lingering example of our quiet unspoken pride in one of
our very greatest areas of a~hievement? Or is it media meagreness, or
madness or, worst of all, fashion?
Coverage of science has grown in ne wspapers and magazines lately;
and science has its redoubts in radio and television. But it cannot claim
the public excitement so easily _agitated by any slip of a new arts winner
who strolls onto the block. Perhaps this public recognition is unnecessary
to sciencE:; perhaps it is even harmful and scientists are wisely wary of
the false inflation of reputation, the bitching, and the feedi.n g of the
flames of envy .which accompanies the . glitz. Perhaps scientjsts are too
matm:e to bother with such baubles. I doubt it.
The blunt fact is that scien~e has droppe3 out, or been dropped out ,
more correctly, of that race for the wider public recognition and applause
given so readily to i :ie arts. There is also the odd and persistent social
canard about scientists: ,they are ooting. I have met many artists and
many scientists over the years a::id here are !lly conclusions.

146

BDAJ2

First, the scientists know much more about the arts than artists do
about anyone of the sciences. Secondly, when artists think they know
about science, they almost always - according to scientists - get it wrong.
Thirdly, scienti~ts are de~ply interested in new ideas , theories, wild
speculations, and imaginative wizardry. For these reasons . I guess they'd
rath er talk to each other in preference to talking to the rest of us because
they find t he rest of us rather boring.
The exJ>lanation for the bad press couJd simply be that those in
charge of our great organs of communication are moulded by arts or news
or business
or . sport or entertainment, and therefore scienc.e has a
...
.
.
struggl8 to join the game. But the effed of this could be unfortunate .
Because which; young person wan ts to be left out of what is perceived by
peers robe the current scene? ff science is in the amateur league of
animated di scourse , then who wants to play for a amateur club?
It would be a shame were this to become a drip-drip effect . Most
British people are scarcely half aware of what keeps ideas turning into
inventions wh ich save lives, drive societies , and open up the h eavens of
imagination and possibility - as has happened in the last-couple of
centuries in science with its stout ally, technology . And does our
comparative indifference to the subjects which make up this grnat fl ow of
kno~ ledge dispirit many of those w:ho in the future could h ave built on
the proud statistics of a few years ago?
1

What does th e writer say in th e first paragraph about t he British .

attitude to the sciences?
A. lt is typical of the British attitude towards many other things.
B. People who do ~ell in the arts have had a big influence on it.
C. There may be a reason for it which is not too terrible.
D. Most Britis~ people are not aware that the.y have it.
2. In the second paragraph , the writer saysthat scientists in g.eneral
A. tend not to be capable of feeling envious.
B. a.re fru strated by the kind of coverage g" :1 to sc.ience .
C. do not pay rirnch attention to each other's reputations .
D. would probably welcome a certain amount of fame.

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147

3. The writer includes himself among people .who

A have tended to regard scientists as boring people.

"

B. have made a point of getting to know scientists.

C. have narrower interests than most scientists.
D. havewrong ideas about the work scientists ,do.
4. The writer says that there is a danger that young people will regard
science as
B. unfashicmable .
A elitist.
D. unintelligible.
C. predictable.
5. What does the w.r iter conclude in the final paragraph?
A Brit ish attitudes to science may result in fewer useful inventio~s .
B. Brit ish attit.udes to science are likely to change in the fut ure.
8. Scientists will become keener to educate the public about science .
D. Scientists will gain wider pub_lic recognition in the future.
I

B. For th(s exercise, you must choose which of the paragraphs A-G fit
into th,e nuniberecf, gaps in the follow_ing newspaper artide. Th~re
is one extra p~rugraph, which does not fit in ,any. of the gaps.
A. It was t h e finest friendship anyone could ,have, a brilliant P!-lre
friendship in which you would give your life for yo_u r friend : And life
seemed marvellous , it seemed full 'of sunshine, full of incredible ,
beautiful things to disc_over, and I looked forward so much to growing
up with Rene .
.

' ~-

B. There is not a single bitter note, there are no power games, th ere is
nothing secret, t h er e is nothing which detracts from the purity of it.
C. Mavbe
because h e was
more mature
h e understood. a bit better that
...
.
'
this was part of life, that life brings people together and separates
them, and distance
is not
the end ..
.
. n: ecessarily
.
'.

D. Well our paren t s realised it would be very traumatic, anrl t hey did 1:-ot
know how to b,eak the news, so they just announced it the day before .
'
.
It was a beautiful. summer's di:ty; around five o'clock in the evening,
and both paren.t s came and sr1ic;l : "We are moving away, and obviously
Rene will have to come with us."

148

BDA12

E. Our neighbou rs had a son, and my .wonderful .childhood was shared

with Rene; basically, we grew up together, we spent ,_every day
together; werit to school together, we did all the things that children
can do. It was a childhood spent in . the woods, discoveri ng the
beautiful seasons, there was
an abundanc e of produce
.
..
. . that grew in the.
wild,
and
we
went
mushroom
ing
and
frog
hunting, and we searched
.
-'
I
for toadstool s under a full mpon_ in winter, which we would . sell
becaus~ my_ parents didn't .have m_uch money.
F. Hopefully, we will see e,ch other more ~but it is not essenti~l . ,We now
have a beautifully matured, adult friendshi p where it is easy to talk
about anything because we feel totally at ease.
.
.
"f
G. And at that time ' my world stopped, it was the most incredibl e pain I
I
,
have ever experienc ed, I couldn't see life without my friend; my whole
.
.
system, my life, was based on Rene, our friendshi p was my life. And
although he was only going away, he did not die, it was the worst loss
I have ever had in my life , still, now, and 30 years later I have not
received an0ther shock of that nature .
I\

_,

'

'

.
I

~ t

f"

t.

..

BEST OF TIMES, WORST OF TIMES

. I thought the world was caving in, for the first time ever I lost somebody
I loved; he didn't die , he just went away, but" I still I measure all pain by
the hurt Rene caused me. It was a very nice chilahood , an adolescence
most people would wish to have , we lived in a tiny village and were a
close family .
( 1 ).. .. ... .. .. ..... .. .. ...... ... ....... ... ........ ....... ...... ..... ..... ... ... ...... .
The adventur es that children go through are the making of a friep.dship,
building a tree house and spending a night. in the forest - and losing ~ur
way back home , these things create a fanta~tic fabric t o the frie ndship.
Ther e was the loving element, too, he was very caring. Rene was a tall
bloke and very strong, and he would be my defender : if anyone ever
teased me, he would be there.
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149

(2) ............. .... .... .... ...... . .;. ....... ...... ............. .. ... .............. .. . .

And then at the age of 14, his_family moved to the south of France a.nd
1

we- were in the east of France, which is 750 kilomet res ~way .. . the south
,.
of France sounded the end of the world.
(3) ......... . ~.... ........-..... .... ... , ....' .... ~ ..... : ...... ... ~.. ............. .......

I went quiet for the news Lo sink in; at tirst it. was sheer disbelief,
numbne ss . I couldn't sleep, and then in the night I understo od the impact
of the ne~s, I understo od that my life would be totally .. separate from -his ,
li
and I had to be by myself, alone.
1

,-

f"

(4) ............. ............. ............. ~... ..... ............. ...... : .. .-........... .

friends , &fbut never did I achieve I that kind of closenes s. My

other
I had
j'
"'
was the same, people, the
collapsed, and nothing
world complet ely
'
'
.
"
classro~m, nature, the country, butt~rfli es:
?.
. l
'
f

'

(5-) .... ............. .... .... ....... ... ::..._........... ...... ..................... ... ..

rt

He accept ed that life would separate us , he didn't se~ it as somethi ng

final, it was my dramati c side to see ~nly the negative side, self-pity ir a
way. He is now living a happy life in Provenc e with a beautiful wife on.i
two.lovely daughte rs , and he is coming here next year , so it is going to be
quitE wonderful. It is the first time he has ever come to England . he's a
good Frenchm an, he does nqt speak a word of English .
.

-.

J~r::.,.........;:.. :-...............................:..... ............. .........

It is a good , solid relation ship that has been .Jstablis hed over so many
\rei ;~, and has overcom e all the barriers which life and time c~n create. I
dor, 't think it really could h1;tve lasted the way it was. ,

, I
~

, I,

-.

,,

IV. USE OF ENGLI SH

A. Read the follo wing text and decide which word best fits each
blank.

HELP ALWAYS AT HAND:

A MOBIL
. E is A GIRL'S BEST ,FRIEN D
If it fits inside a pocket, keeps y~u safe as well a_s in touch with your
office, your mother and your children , it is (l ) ............. .............. .... worth .
having. This is the (2) .............................. of the (3) ... ... ......... . ............ ..

150

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ran"ks of f~male mobile- -phone users who are beginnin_g to

(4) .... ........ .... ... :......... . the consumer market.
.
Although Britain has been (5): to be one of the most
expensive places , in th~ world to (6) .....:..... ,.......... . .. ... a mobile p_hone,
.
both professional women and , (7) ..................... , ...... mothers are
...
J
undeterred. At first , the mobile phone was a xich man's plaything, or a
r
,
1
businessman' s ~8) .. ,... .. .........
:
..........
~
symbol.
Now
~omen
own
almost
as
.
.
..,
. ....
....
many telephones as ;.ffien do .- but
for
ver;
different
reasons.
..
I
, ... ;. _
1
Th~ main (9f .: for most wpmen customers is that _it_
(10) ..... : : .a form .of communicatio ns back-up, wherever they
are,
in
case . of (11).
.......................
..... . ., James , Tanner of Tancroft
.
...
.
.
'
...
.
Communicati ons . says:_ 'The (~~>: of people buying
phones from us this year were women - often young women - or m~n
who were_buying for their mothers;, wives and girlfriends . And it always
seems tp be a question of (13) .... .... .:.. ... .............. . .of mind .
'Size is also (14) ., .. ...... ..... .. ............. for wom~n. They want something

I.
t hat will fit. i:n a handbag,' said
. Mr Tanner, 'The tiny phones coming in.
are having a very big (15) .... :.: ...~ : . This ye~r's models are o,~ly .
half the size of your hand.'

{'T
....... .. 4,.

..

'

1. A. totally
2.' A. vision
3. A. swelling
4. A. r.iaster
. 5. A. demonstrated
6.- A. function
7 . A. complete
8. A. prestige
9. A. attraction
10. A. supplies
11. A. urgency
12. A. most
13. A. tranquility
14. A. crucial
15. A. impact

BDAp

B. certainly . - C. absQiutely
B. vista
C. view
B .. increasing
C. boosting
B. dominate ,
c.overbear
B. shown
C. Bstablished
B. drive
C. work .
B. total
C. full-time
B. fame
C. power_
B. enticement
C. charm
B. furnishes
C. provides
B. emergency
C: predicament
~J
B. preponderanc e C. majority
B. calmness C serenity
B. necessary
C. urgent
B. impress1~n
C. perception

..

'

l.

:t;). completely
D. panorama
D. maximising
D. command
D. seen
D. run
D. absolute
D. status
"
D. lure
.t I
D. gives
D. contingency
\...
D. bulk
b. peace
D. essential
D. image
151

B. Fill each of 'the numbered blanks in the passage with one

l
.
suitable word.
DREAMS '
'

C I

'

Dreams have always fascinated human beings} The' idea that dreams
provide us w1t.h useful informatio n about dur lives goes (1) .... .............. L ...
tho:lfsa~ds of year s. For the greater'(2) ...... ... .. .~ .. .'.... :.... . of himian history
d
I
,
,
l
(3) .. ..... .. ...... ... ......... was taken 'for granted that the sleeping min was in
touch With the -supernatu ral World ' and I dreainS 'were to be interpreted 8S
~essages with' prophetic 'o r healing f~nctions : In the nineteenth cen.'t ury,
(4(.. .. .......... ::....... \ WaS a! widespread Teaction' (5)-.... ........ .. .... : .... : ... this
way of thinking and c:ld!a'ms werP, widely dismissed as being~, very
more than juinbles of fantasy (7) .. ..... .. . ::......... ... .: .
(6) .... :..... ... ..... ..... ... .
'abo'ut by memories of the previous 'day.
1
I was not (8) .. ... '. .... .... ... ..... .... . the end of the nineteenth century
neurologist, Sigmund Fre'ud, poirtted out
(9) ... .. ....... ...... ......... an Austrian
,
I .
that people -.Jho have similar experiences during the day, .and who are
then subJected (10) .. .. .::............... ..... the 'same _stimuli when they. are
....... ......... .......... .
asleep, produce different dreams. Freud (11)
on to develop a theory. of the dream process which (12)....... :.... .,............. .
enable him to interpret dreams as clues t.Q the conflicts t~ing place
within the personality : It is by n0 (13) .......... ................. an exaggeratio n. to
any other theories have had
say that (14).... ....... ..... ...........
(15) ..... .. ..... ...... :.. ... ... great an influence on subsequent thought.
' sentences below, write a new sentence as 'similar
C. For each of the
as possible in meaning to the original sentence, but using the
word given in capital letters. This word must n.o t be altered in
any way.
1. I find it very easy to speak German .
.... ........ .. .... ....... .. ..... ..... ..... .... .. ....... . ...... .... .... .... ................ ... ...... ...... .. EASE
2. He got over his operatjon very quickly .

......... .. .. ::.................. ................. ...... .. ; ............... .................... ... RECOVERY

3. How has the strike affocted rtudent attendance ?

.......... ........................................................... .... ............. ................. EFFEC'l

152

BDAI2

4. She began to suffer'from irFationa.l fears ..

..... .... ..... .... .... ... ..... ... ..... .. .. .... ..... .. ..... .... ... ... .... ..... ... .. ... ........ .. .... .... .... .PREY
5. Mr Misery was the only student who didn't smile.
-,
... .. .... ..... ....:........ ..... ...... ........... ............. .. , ..... .. . ,.. ......... ..... .... ... .. ... EXCEPT
6. I assume you're hungry .
.......... .. .. ..... .... .. .... ..... .. ..... ... ...... ..... .. ... .... .......... ... .... ..... :....... ..... GRA.i'l'TED
7. The book was not as good as he had hoped .
.. .. ..... :... :... ........ : .... _. :.. ... ~....... ..;: ~........ , ......... ............ . EXPECTATIONS
8. You would benefit from a change. ,
..... ......... .. ...... ,................... , ......... :.. ... ., .. .,.. .. ... .......... .. ..... .......... ., .. .. GOOD
9. He works when it. suits h{m .
....... .... .... .. ...... .. .. ........ ... .. ..... .. ........... ..... .... ... .... ... ........ .. .. ....... ......... FEELS
10. I don't care whether you come or not .
...... ,............. ... .. ...... .. .... .. ... :......... ... .. ..... ...... .... ...... .. ..... .. .. ... DIFFEREN CE

D. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is

as similar as possible in meaning to the sentence printed before
it.
1. No-one has challenged his authority before.
This is the first time .............. :..: ... ... .. : ............. .. ... ..... .. ........... .... .... ... .. ... . .
2. 'If Brian doesn't train harder, I won't select him for the team.' said
the manager.
The manager threatened .. ..... .. ,.. ... .. ..... .. ........ .... ... .. ....... ..... ......... ..... ... . .
3. 'l:he hurricane blew the oof off the house.
The house .. .. .. ..... ..... ...... ......... ...... ... .. ..... .. ... ... ... .... ......... ...... ..... .-.... .. ... ... .. .. .
4. You'll certainly rp.eet lots of people in your new job.
You are ... ........ ..... ... ... ..... .. ... ......... .... ... ......... ..... ... .. ... .... .............. .... -..
5. I left without saying goodbye as I didn't want to disturb the meeting.
Rather ..- ...... :......... ... ........ ... ... .......... .......... ........... .......... :... ...... ...... .
. 6. There aren't many other books which explain this problem so well .
.1'1 few other books .. .. .... .. .. ... .... ........ ...... .. ................ ................ .... ..... .... ;..
7. I dislike it when people criticise me unfairly.
I object .. .. ... .... ........ .. .. .... ........... ........... :..... ... .... .... .. .. ... ... ... .. .... ._... .... .
8. Robert is sorry now that he didn't accept the job.
Robert now wishes ..... ! ..... .. .. ....... ... .. ... ..... : .... .. ..... .. ... .-.. ..... . .. ~ .... .... .. .. . ... .. .
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153

9. Customs officials are stopping more t raveller s t han _usual t his week
An increase d ........... ., ........... ....... , ... ............ ........ .... .......... .... ...... .... .... ..... .
10. She listens mor e sympat hetically than anyont ?lse_l know.
Sh e is a ....... ............ ... ..... ....... ... ... ..... :.. ..... , ... , .. ......... ... : : .

V. COMPO SITION
Write a compos ition (250 u'Ords) about the followi ng topic: ,
People 'attend college or univers ity for many differe nt reasons
(for example, new experie nces, career prepar ation,. increas ed
know ledge). Why do you think people . attend college or
univers ity? Use specific reasons and exampl es to suppor t your
answer .

PRAC TICE TEST 8

I. VOCABULARY

A. Choose the best word from A, B, C or D that fits each blank.

1. Several passeng ers received minor inj uries when the train
unexpec tedly came to a .... ..... .. ... .......... .
D. halt
C. brake
B. stand
A. delay
2. John refused to put his career in .. ..... '. ....... ... ..... by opposu, g his boss.
D. stake
C. risk
B. hazard
A. jeopard y
3. Angela's work was praised for its ...... .... .... ... .... ... attentio n to detail.
D . concent rated
C. subtle
B. signific ant
A. meticulo us
4. Motoris ts should ........ ... ......... .. .. well in advance 'bf changin ft' lanes .
D. flicker
C. flare
B . signal
A. sign
5. The student had nc money left and took out a loan t o ..:.... ........ ........ .
him over until the end of term.
D. tide
C. keep
B. tend
A. last
6. The cl imbers sought ............ .'.... ....... from the storm.
D.- defence
C. solace_
B. refuge
A. escape

154

BDA12

7. The tour guide had a brightly-co loured company badge pinned to the
........................ of h er jacket.
A. lapel
B. bo:r:der
C. edge
D. h em
8. It was h erfirst conference as party -leader, and s.h~_was determined ,to
.... .... .. .............. her authority on the proceedings.
A. _press .
B. thrust
C. stamp
D. mark ,
9. It w~s ...... .. .. .._......... .. . of a surprise to Andrew that h e got the job.
A. rather
B. something
C. quite
D. much
10. The last bus had gone so vve were .. .. .. .. .. :.... ........ ~ with the problem of
h ow to get home that n~ght.
A. affron ted
B. caught
'C. trapped
D. faced
11. The .transport minister ..... .. ......... .. ...... re~ent st atistics to support the
,
case for a reduct ion in the speed limit.
A. named
B. quoted -
C. su~ moned
D. claimed
12. The amount Sarah earn ed was ............. ........... on h ow much she sold .
A. related
B. connected
C. dependent . D. secured
13. The plan received
....... .................. support although
' none of the committee spoke openly in its favo ur .
A. tacit
B'. mute
C. silent
D. quiet
I
14. The junior staff were .. .... .... .. ..... .. .. .. . from all aspect s of decision
making.
A. excluded
B. limited
C. confined
D. restricted
15. When the funds finally .................. , th ey had to abandon the scheme.
A.. faded away;
B. clamped down C. petered out D. fobbed off
16. The party leaaer travelled the length and ... ....... ... .. ......... of the
country in an attempt to spread his message.
A. width
B. distance
C. diameter
D. breadth 17. During the riots , there were ......... .. .. .:... .. .. .. between local residents
and the police.
A. sieges
B. demonstrat ions ~
C. rallies
o.clashes
18. Sally has an .................. .. .. .. command of the Chinese language.
A. extreme
B. utter
C. outstandin g D. intensive
.

BJ)A12

155

19. I am ........ .... ............ aware of the need to obey the rules of the
competition.
D. greatly_
B. far
C. much
I'
A. well
20. Richard started the race well but ran out of .. :....... .. ......... ... in the later
stages.
A. power

R steam

D. effort

C. force-

B. Use the correct fo~m of each of the words given in parentheses

J
passages.
fill _in the blank in the following
to
_)
J
More than half the world's population consider (1) ...................... (them)
shy, delegates to the first ~hter.:iational (2) .... .. .... ... .... .:... (confer) on
shyness, being held in Cardiff, will be told today. One in 10 cases is
(3) .. .. .' ...........' .... .' (lonely),
severe. Effects include mutism, speech problems,
.
eye . contact,
lack . of
trembling,
and
shaking
blushing,
phobia - the
social
(4) ....... :.. ............ (difficuft)_in forming relationships and
most extreme form of shyness, defined by the ~erican Psychiatric
Association as a pronounced and (5) ........... ...... ..... (persi~t) fear of social or
performance situations i_n which (6) ...... .... ...... .... .. (embarrass) may occur.
Shy people tend to blame themselves for social (7 ).. ..... ........... .... (fail) and
attribute success to (8) ..................... .(Qut ) factors. They expect their
behaviour to be (9) ...................... (adequate), remember only negative
information about themselves and accept without challenge adverse
J

'

'-

comments from others .

The causes are complex and not fully understood . The latest theory is
that it can be traced to genes as well as to social
(10) ................... ... (condition). One estimate, based on research \fith twins,
is that around 15 per cent of the population are born with a
(dispose) to shyness. Some (12)..... .................
(11).. ... ...... .. .........
(psychology) believe there are two types: an early developing, fearful
shyness and a later developing, (13 ).. ......_. ............. (consciou ) shyness. The
fearful version emerges often in the first year of life and is
(14) ....... .... .. :.: ...... (think) to be (15) .._.................... (part) inherited.

C. .Jl,ead the following text. There are five correct lines, five
spelling mistakes and six punctuation mistakes. Look at each
156 .

BDA12

number ed line (1-16). lf there is no mistake , put a tick (V) at

the end of the line. If there is q., mistake , underli ne it and
correct it.

THE HEIGH T 0~ WEDDE ~ BUSS

One of-the most unusua_l ~cere moni es ever held
must surely be th e mass wedding that t ook place in
midair betwcen,Tokvo and Bangko k in 1972. This was
a publicity stunt organise d Ly the german airline
Lufthan sa t o Jauntch the first commercial jumbo jet
flih t of a Europea n airline. Inviting Jap~nes e couples
to t ake part in a jumbo wedding the airline found itself
beseage d by eager appl icants. Twenty couples were selected
and on th e appoint ed day headed across the tarmac of Tokyo
airport, led by a Shinto priest). The event was a curious
mixture of ancient custom and commercial enterpri se. , After
take-off, the couples were married ; one by one in full
tradition all dress before a Shinto shrine erected inside the
cabin. At the w~rlding feast, t];ie ritual dr ink of rice wine was
served. After a stop in Bangko k, where the Weddin g party
was b_lessed by a Buddhis t monk, the newlJwe ds' took off for
a free honeym oon in ~he Black Forest. One couple;
it seems , were es pes ially grateful to their hosts , namipg
the baby boy who arrived nine months later 'Lufthan sa'.

. l

.. marnage ... l

o.... .-L ....

00. no comma
1. ..... ... .. ....

2 .. ...... .... . .

3 .. ..... .. .... .

:: j

I ........... .
116
I

II. GRAMM AR
A. Fill the gaps in each .of the followi ng sentenc es with the correct
preposi tions.
1. Susan is disabled but she likes to do things fo.r h erself: sh e hates to
be depende nt .. ... ... ...... .... other people.
2. . ....... .. ... ..... careful conside ration , the governm ent_has decided not to
put up the price of ice-crea m.
3. Don't you get annoytd ...... ..... ...... . peopl~ who push past you without
saying "Excuse me"?

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157

4. There's a man over there with binoculars. Do you think he's a

birdwatcher, or is h e spying .. .. ...... ,.. .. ... us ?
5.. The public is taking a lot of interest .. .... .......... .. the new courses being
offered by th e Open University.
6. Please, :?ather, may I go to the cinema with John tonight? .. .. .. ........... ,
all , I am t wenty-three. years old now.
7. Professor Jonah Newt is a specialist .... , ..... ..~ ... .. m~rine biology .
8 . . When I met my wife, it was love .... :............. first sight. It was only
later that I had second thoug t s. ..
9. "Would you like a drink, of~cer ?"
"Not while I'm .. .. .......... .... duty, sir."
10. Professor Newt is absorbed at the moment .... ~ ... .......... a study of the
feeding habits of the whale .
B. Put the verbs into the correct forms.
My parents and I came to live in the United S ates when I was five
years old., Although my family is now very comfortable , at first we had a
hard time adj usting to .life there . We (1 )...... ....... ......... .. .... (think) _that
everybody in t he United States was very rich . Imagine our surpri se when
we (2) ..... ... .................... (learn) that it was hard for many people, my
father (3) ............. .. ........ :... .(include) , to make a living. My father
(4) ............... ............. (work) as a dentist m Europe before we
(5) ...... ............. .. ....... (come) here twenty years ago. Here he couldn't work
as a dentist right away because he (6) ....................... ..... (not pass) t he state
examination s yet. While he (7) .. ......... :................ (study) for the dentist
examinations , he worked m a dental laboratory in order

(8) ..... .' .............. .... .... (s upport) his family .

Within a year, he (9) ...... .. ...... .... .... ...... (pass) the examinations and
(10 ): .... ......... . .. ...... .... (establish) himself in practice with a local dentist.
He (11) ... ... ..... ..... ... .... ..... (practise) here for twenty years now and
(12)........... :... ..... .'....... (gain) some recognition. On t he fifteenth of next
month , his colleagues (13) ...... .... .... ....... ..... .. (have) a diner to honour him
for his work with poor immigrants.
My mother, too, (14) ........... ...... .. ......... (be ) happy here . She
(15 )...... ._. .. ..... .... ... ...... (get) a degree in finance five years ago and now
158

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l16) ... .. ,:.......... :.... .. .. ,.(owrr) and , 01) ... .... .. ....... ,.: ...... ... (operate) he!' own

_profitable copy cer.ter. She (18) ........ ...... :.: .. .. ...... .(takel courses for a long
time before she actually (19) .. i ....... .......... ..... ... (get) her degree. She took
. only one or two courses a semester because she was busy
(20) ... : .................. ...... (look) after my father, my brother and me .
III. READING
A. Read the 'passage and answer the questions which follow by
choosing the best suggestion .
As I watch my contempor aries go into supposed retirement , am I the
only one who gets fed up with hearing them say, 'Never been buster . in
my life'? What happened to that idyli. of mellow old people enjoying their
leisure, at last reading t he books and following the hobbies they've longed
toJ pursue, travelling without haste to distant places, occasionally giving
the young their friendly wisdom and advice? Eminent speakers do their
best to encourage the oldies . The Third Age, they maintain, offers an
interesting opportunity : the postscript to the long letter of life ; it is, or
could be, the final glor;_ous paragraph . But many people on the brink of
retirement seem to regard it as more like a hectic footnote to fill up any
space at the bottom of the page. And as for choosing what to do with
their time, they seem terrified of it.
It's the supposedly successful people who are the most worried: and
they see the ultimate success as not needing to retire at all . They become
still more obsessed with the
old game of filling up their diaries ('I might
.
be able to sq1.1eeze you in September' ); and they prefer to meast :'3 their
time in minutes rather th an days.
It's :::iot the actual busy-ness that bothers me. Everyone, 'Jf course, is
entitled to be as busy- as he likes in his own way. No, it's the insistence
on being important in the convent1~:mal ways - sitting on C0}'!1,Pany boards,
collecting committees , having power-lunc hes or influential din!1,ers. They
must hang on, at an costs . If the demand doesn't .really exist, they ~eem
determined to create it, and fix the. system t,o provide their own after-care
service. la there a new conference centre; an internation al institute,
another advisory body to sav~ the world? What more natural than to

BDA12

159

------

lobby for cld Sir Wh atsisname to run it - even if he does muddle up

Bangkok with Bangalore, and repeat his jokes five minutes later?
'
The real p0wer barons, wh? chair the boards or finance the institutes,
often prefer to hav2 old men around them .. lt:'s not necessarily because
they br ing wisdom and independent minds. It's sometimes - it must be
said - forth~ opposite reason: because they are more anxious than anyone
_to h ci ng on to their jobs . So the young have to give way to an older man.
Of course, they will say to me, it's all right for you writer follows who
can go on quietly boring your readers for years. You were never very
responsibly employed i~ the first place, ,so you will hardly notice the
diffe:rence. In government or business circles, they tell you, responsibility
is much more serioti's and retirement is something much more turible.
One day we are feand and flattered, and ev~Fyone laughs at our jokes,
the next . day people doQ't even recognise us when we walk down the
street without a ca.r. So of course 'Ne must be found another jQb as soon as
possible. The dresid of retirement seems more seriqus at the top end of
the market than at the bottom; and money seems to make it still worse.
In fact I'm now told that the people we should m,o st sympathise with are
the poor new rich, who have retired ec1rly with a golden hands11ake. 'It's
terrible to watch: I was told py a stockbroker. 'Many of my clients were
made redundant at 50, with a mil~ioil' or two. They looked forward to
their life in their dream house in the country. Anc:l then their. friends go
back to work and they've suddenly got nothing whatever to do. If they
weren't rich, they'd have to get some job, but they've got enough money to
be able to bore themselves into the grave. And they may have another 30
years t o go.
1. The writer is annoyed by retired contemporaries who
'
A only pretend to' have stopped working'.
B. insist on working aft~r retirement age.
C. confine themselves to selfish pleasure.
'
D. are disenchanted by increased leisure opportunities.
i In the writer's opinion, what seems to worry people as they reacli
retirement?
A. how fo spend their 'time

160

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B. losin g thei r fina ncia l secu rity

C. not havi ng enough time to fulfil thei r plan
s
D. the fact that thei r life is draw ing to a close
3. Wha t do some olde r people try to crea
te a dem and for?
A more conf eren ces on issu es concerl)ing
the elde rly
B. new inte rnat iona l char ity orga nisa tion
s
C. the part icul ar skill s that they possess
D. thei r wide knowledge of curr ent affa
irs
4. Why do some imp orta nt men choose olde
r advi sers ?
A because they are repu ted to be wise
B. because they are not influenced by mod
em tren ds
C. because they are unlikely to be ambitiou
s for them selv es
D. because they will do anyt hing to keep thei
r jobs
5. The writ er of the pass age earr is his livin
g as
A a poli ticia n.
B. a diplomat.
C. a busi ness man .
D. an auth or.
G. Why, in the passage-, are some rich
people who retir e earl y ofte n
disillusioned?
A The y regr et moving to the country.
B. The y drea m about retu rnin g to work.
C, Reti rem ent does n't liv~ up to thei r expe
ctati ons.
D. The ir frien ds lose inte rest in them .

B. . Rea d this mag azin e arti cle, then

cho ose the best par agr aph
from A-F to fill eac h num bere d gap
. The re is one extr a
par agr aph whi ch doe s not belo ng in any
of the gap .
A. With the first imp act of the recession, that
slowdown in grow th in
itsel f was enough to push thei r capi tal
resources to near brea king
point. The only way they coul d continue
was by owing mon ey to
suppliers , and thei r outs tand ing debt to us
had become uncomfortably
high .
B. Firs t, neve r assu m e that thi ngs will get
bett er. I wouldn't go so far as
to say we were lucky, but in a stra nge way
that less on alon e allowed
me to chan ge my atti tude in time for the
rece ssion.
BDA 12

161

were forced to
C. When our <listri butor s finally went out of busin ess, we
pick up the tab. There was a total loss of aroun d lm 1 which for a
c ompa ny of Acorn 's size was no small loss.
sales that I was
D. Looking back, I wai; focusing so hard on the growt h in
hopi"ug to achi,we that I forgot my basic financ ial traini ng.
they were very
E. We h ad worke d closely with tht.m for sever al years and
ier.
dedic ated to our produ ct, hence we were their bigge st suppl
ience as sales
F. I had full know ledge of these distri butor s from my exper
have been a
direct or and, with my backg round in financ e , I shoul d
good deal more cautious .

-------------- m --------------

MY BIGG EST MISTAKE

distri butor s
My bigge st mista ke was allow ing the d~bts of one of our
to get out of control.
or. We were
It \'.' as 5hortl y after I was promo ted to managing direct
red to be doi ng
pushi ng for growt h and these partic ular distrib utors appea
a very go-od job for us in activa ting the mark et.
( 1) .. ... ......... ......... ...... ....... ....... ... ......... ...... ......... .........

... .

to get slight
The first sign that all was not well was when we began
was now split
delay s in paym ents. What used to be a month ly paym ent
and there .
into two, three or even fo..ir , I with the odd little excuses here
(2) ........ ... ........ ..... ... ......... .. ... .... ....... ..... ....... ... .........

...... .

was going to
However, as the new MD, I w.as so I determ ined Acorn
t hat it was a
grow that I only heard what I wante d to hear. I accep ted
or two but
tempo rary blip, that the mark et had been slow for a month
overs tretch ing
that thing s were lookin g up. In fact , the distri butor s were
, relyin g on a
thems elves. Like many others , they were under -capit alised
consta ntly growi ng volume to fina!l.ce the busin ess.

(3) .... .. ... ... .......... .. ..... .......

in, but I
Event ually we put in placf a plan to reel that debt back
place.
should never have allowed things to go that far in the first

162

BDA1 2

(4) ...... ...... .............. .... .. ... ... ..... .. : .. .... .............. ..... .... .. ... .. .

Olivetti , our biggest shareholde r, was very supportive , but it was

embarrassi ng -.there is no doubt about that.
(5) ... . ....... .. ... .... .... ..... ........ ... ... ... ........ ........ .......... ..... .... .

This meant that instead of looking hard at the facts , I looked at the
promises of the future . We have potentially been in the same situation
several times since, but learned a lot from that mistake.
IV. USE OF ENGLISH
A. Read the following text and decide which word best fits each
blank.
SAVE MONEY ON THE BOOK THAT AIMS TO SAVE ANIMALS
Do you "1ant to take part in the battle to save the world's wildlifr.?
Animal Watch is the book which will (1) ... ... ... .. ... ..... .... ..... you in the fight
for survival _'t hat (2) ....... ... .... ... _. ... ... .... many of our enoangered animals
and show how they struggle on the (3) .. ... .. .... ....... ... .... ... of extinction . As
. you enjoy th e ;::iook's 250 pages and over 150 colour photograph s, you will
.
.
have the (4).. ... .... ...... ..... ... ... .. of knowing that part of your purchase
money is bein g used to .(5) .. ... .... ...... ........... .. animals (6)...... ..... ..... .. :.. ....... .
From t he comfort of your armchair, you will be able to observe the
world's animals close-up and explore their habitats. You will .also discover
t he terrible results of human (7) .. ............ .. ..... ....... for land, fl esh and
skins.
A nimal Watch is packed with fascinating facts . Did you know that
polar bears cover their black noses (8)... .. ... ..................... their
(9) ....... ...... ........ ....... so they can hunt their prey in th e snow without
being seen, for _example? Or that (10) ....... ..... ............ ... each orang-utan
which is captured, one has to die?
This superb (11).... .... ... ..... .... ........ has so (12) .. ...................... .. ..
Britain's leading wildlife charity that it has been chosen as Book of the
Year, a (13) ...... ....... .... ...... ..... awarded to books which are considered to
h ave made a major contributio n to wildlife conservatio n. You will find

BDA12

163

Animal Watch at a special low (14)....... .. .. ........... ... ... price at all good
bookshop s, but hurry while (15) ... ..... .. ..... ....... ...... last.
1. A. combine

2. A. meets
3. A. edge
4 A. satisfacti on
rA. enable
6. A. preserve
7. A. greed
8. A. with
9. A. feet
10. A. with
11. A. publicity
V

12. A. imposed
13. A. symbol
14. A. beginnin g
15. A. stores

B. involve
B. opposes
B. start
B. enjoymP.nt
B. help
B. conserve
B. interest
B. by
B. claws
B. by
B. :periodical
B: impresse d
B. title
B. preparato ry
B. stocks

C. bring
C. forces
C. limit
C. virtue
C. allow
. C. revive
C. care
C.for
C. paws
C.for
C. publicatio n
C. persuade d
C. trademar k
C. original
C. goods

D. lead
D. faces
D. end
D. value
D. assist
D. survive
D. concern
D.from
D. toes
D.from
D. reference
D. admired
D. nickname
D. introduct ory
D. funds

B. Fill each of the number blanks in the p_assage with one suitahl!! worn
HANDLI NG THE INTERV IEW
The aim of the interview is to provide a case history of the candidate .
It m 2 y (1 )........................ .. .... a tall order to expect a candidate to tell you
t he (2) ............ ... ...... ........ of his or her life in (3) ........... ......... .......... time,
usually q~ite short , which is available for the interview .
(4 ).... ..... .. ..... .... ...... ... candidate s are convinced that t here is a sympathe tic
liste 1er, h owever , it is surprisin g (5) ........... .............. .... . communi cative
t hey can become .
Conducti ng an inte rview successfully (6 )....... .. ... .... .......... .... essential ly
on two things . The first is the establish ment of (7) ................. ... .... ..... .
relations hip with candidate s which will encourag e (8) ... .... ............... ... ..... to
talk freely about themselv es. This (9)....... ... .... .... ............ be done if
show
to
opportun ity
an
as
interview s
use
interview ers
are .
they
people
importan t
and
busy
(10)..............................
( 11 )............ ... ...... .. .......

164

can it be done by a 8eries of set formulae

BDA12

(12.) ... ..... ..... --

putting
the
candid ate
at
ease,
(13) ....... ............ ........... as shakin g hands or offering coffee.
The second t ask is (14) .......... ................ ... . steer the candid ate overth e.
ground to be (15)................... .. .. ....... so that t~ essenti al facts appear
as
quickly as possibl e and irreleva ncies are cut down to
a
(16).............................. . Each remark (17)......... .................... guide
th e
candid ate to talk about the right things (18)...................... ,......
.
interru pting
the
flow
of conversatic.n.
Each
interview
is
(19)..................... .... .....
a"nd
foremo st
a
convers ation ,
and
(20) ......................... .. ... it is successful ~.s such it will . never be a good
intervie w.

C. For each of the senten ces below, write a new senten ce as simila
r
as possib le in meani ng to the origin al 1. ntenc e, but using the
word given in capita l letters . This word must not be altere d in
qny way.
1. Some people say that Siolkov sky invente d the space rocket.
.:......................... ....... :............................... ... ....... ..... .................. CREDI TED
2. I daren't turn on the televisi on because t he baby might wake up.
...... ..... .................... ... ........ .......... ............. .... ........ ... .. ... .. .. ................ FEAR
3. Some people will do anythin g to lose weight .
..... .... .......... ...... .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. ................ .... . . . .......... ............. ...... LENGT I-IS
4. The two theorie s appear to be comple
. 1(,-.r..:1,,

............ ....................... ................ ................ .................................. c

5. Severa l membe rs of t he commi ttee said they were worried about.

th e
chairm an's propos als ~
................ ....... .... ... ...... ................... .. ........................... .. ..... ...... CONCE RN
6. Ours is the on ly compan y allowed to import these chemic als .
.. ..................................... ... ... .... ........ ......... ..... ......................... MONOPOLY
7. The coach 's tactics were directly respon sible for the team's defeat.
.................. ...... ...... .... ... .. ....... ............ .. .. .... ..
. .... .. ....... CONSE QlJEN CE
8. We have no idea where h e is .
..... ............................ ... ....... .. ........ ....... ... .... ............. ..... .. WHER EABOU TS
9. The policem an acted quickly and averted an acciden t .
.............................. .... ,. ...... ....... ........ ............. .. ....... ...... ................... PROMPT
BDA12

165

10. This new r ecord is certain to sell a lot of copies .

.......................... .................................. ....... ............. ........................ DOUBT

D. Finish each of the followi ng sentenc es in such a way that it is
as similar as possibl e in meanin g to the sentenc e printed before
it.
1. I h ave called this meeting in order to present the latest sales figures.
My purpos e ................. ..... ............. ,................. .. ......... ... ...... ............ ... ... .... .
2. Skyscra pers in t h e USA are on average taller than anywhe re else in
the world.
The average .............. ... .... ... ...... .. ... ...... ... .... . ....... .... ..... .... ......... ........ ...... .
3. I was surpri sed at how easy he was to talk to.
I hadn't expected .. .. ... .... .. .... ......... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ..... ... ... ... .... ...... ... .......... .
4. Experts t hink that all dogs evolved from wolves .
All dogs are ... .. ... ....... .. . ......... ............................. .......... .... ... .. ......... :-:-.. ...... .
5. The two sides never looked likely to reach an agreeme nt.
At no time .... ...... .. .... ....... .. ... .. .......... ... .. ......... ... ... ...... ............... ... ....... ... .
6. Melissa 's father was very busy, but he still played with her.
Busy .... ..... : ............... .... ............ ..... ... .. ..... .... ..... : .
7. Mrs Wilson says she's sorry she didn't attend the meeting yesterda y
morning .
Mrs Wilson sends .. ... .. ... .. ...... ... .......... ..... ... .. .. ............ ...... ... ................... .
8. It's almost nine months since I stopped subscrib ing to t h at _magazin e.
I cancelle d ........ ... ............. .. ................... ... ..... ................. .............. .. .... ...... .
9. For further informa tion , please send a self-add ressed envelope to the
above address.
Further info rmation can ... :.. ................ ......... ..... ..... ......... . ............ .......... .
10. Richard only took over the family business because his father decided
to retire early.
But for his ........ ......... ................. .... .......... ... ......... ........ ...... ...... .. ........... .

V. COMP OSITIG):
Write a compos ition (from 200 to 25f> words) about the
followi ng topic:

166

BDA12

It has been said, "Not everyth_ing that is learned is contained in

books" and contrast knowledge gained from experience with
knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is
more important? Why?
,~-----

PRACTICE TEST 9
I.

A.
1.

~.
3.
4.

5.

6.
7.

8.

VOCABULARY
Choose the best word from A, B, C or D that fits each blank.
I .. .. .................. .. that you won't be imiting that awful woman to the
meeting.
A. assume
B. instruct
C. entrust
D. rely
He has put. his car entirely at our ... ... .. ... .. ... .... .. .. for the ho!iday.
A. usage
B. disposal
C. pleasure
D. disposition
His bank had never been ............... ........ : of his change of address.
A. contacted
B. notified
C. acquainted
D. communicated
Th~ police were very .... ...... :............. in their examination of the
building.
A. exhausting
B. intense
C. thorough
D. concentrated
The roadworks made .. .. ... .. ............. .. to the hotel from the main road
difficult.
B. approach
C. access
D. ways in
A entrance
After he set fire to the library, the boy was .. .... >..... ....... from school.
A. expelleci
B. excluded
C. exiltd
D. extracted
The museum wishes to . .... ..... ...... .. .... .. an assistant curator for its
fossil collection.
A. appoint
B. commission C. authorise
D. assign
They can't ..... ... ...... ...... .... on a name for the baby.
A. conclude
B. decide
C. consent
D. assent

BDA12

167

9. They could find no

ext ensive search.

of the missing car despite an:

A clue
B. remnant
C. indication
D. trace
10. I am never free on Tuesday .3 venjngs as I have a .......... .... .... ..... .
arrangement to go to the cinema with a frienc~.
A long-standing B. long-lived
C. lc,ng-range
D. long-lasting
11. After the accident, there was considerable doubt ............ ........... .
exactly what had ha?pened .
A. in the question ()f

B. as to
D. fo~
C. in the shape of
12. Price increases are now running at a(n) .... ...... .. .... ... . level of thirty
. percent.
C. uppermost
D. top
A. highest
B. record
13. The police ... ............... .. .. .. a good deal of criticism over their han~ling
of the demonstration .
B. brought about
A. came in for
D. opened up
C. went down with
14. Whenever we plan to go for a picnic, it
rains .
A. continuously B. invariably
C. unavoidably D. interminably
15. If you are .... .... ....... ..... .... of hearing, you will find our nearing aids
invaluable .
C, poor
D. weak
B. hard
A. short
16. I know you didn't want to ups et me but I'd sooner you ........ ........ ...... ..
me the whole truth yesterday.
. A. tell
B. told
C. have told
D. h ad t old .
17. The prospective buyer had decided to look ........................ the property
before committing himself.
A. about
B. out
C. over
D. up
18 . I didn't really want to see .the film , but my wife was so .. ... .. .... ......... .. ..
to go that I finally agreed.
A willing
B. sincere
C. keen
D. energetic
19. Send for our free brochure by ........................ the coupon below .
A answering
B. responding
. C. completing
D. filling
168

BDA12

20. The judge i;nposed a light _sentence in view of the ... ................ .... .
circums~an ces.
A. unfair
B. extensive
C. extenuatin g D. qualifying
~

B. Fill each gap using a prefix with a suitable form of the word in
brccket.
1. It's an .... ... .... ... .... ...... (simple) to say that a change of leader will sobe
all our problems.
2. The minister was accused of .... ..... .. ..... .. ..... . (estimate) the numbers of
unemploye~.
3. The .. ...... ......... ...... . (strike) members were .. .... ...... .. ..... ..... (vote) by the
moderate union members .
4'. It may be .... :.... . :.. .... .. ..... (produce ) to force them into making a
decision, and if you upset them they're qui te likely to .. ..... ........ .... .... .
(react) .
5. Foreign-lan guage films may be dubbec;l or shown with ................. ...... ~.
(title).
6. Magazines devoting page after page to reports on the lives of
the ... .". ........... ... .....
(rich)
and
.... ... ...... ...... .. ...
{star)
usually
... ..... .... .. .... ...... (sell) more serious magazines .
7. You needn't refer to the manual: t he use of the camera is
..... .. ........ .. ....... (explain) .
8. He ...... ... .... ........... (expect) his ................ ........ (wife ) to turn up at _th e
wedding cer8mony.
9. The ......... :.. ... ... .... .. (attack) began after the troops re~ .:ived a
............. ........... (arrange) signal.
10. He went out into the snow and .. ... ....... ......... .. .......... (cp'p ear) later
looking ... ........ ....... ......... (frozen) .
C. In most line of the following text, there is one unnecessa ry
word. It is either grammati cally incorrect or does not fit in
with the sense of the text. For each numbered line 1-16, find the
unnecessa ry word and then underline it. Some lines are
correct. Indicate these lines with a tick ( V).

BDA12

169

THE POWER OF PAINT

1
People have b '"eJ1 always painted their bodies. The rrnsons are many: r eligious 0.
O. ~
ceremonial , or simply fo r decoration. In Brazil, the Kayapo Indians.
1.
paint to each other's bodies using the blue-black juice of
2.
cares
who
one
no
has
person
the
that
so
mean
the genipap. fruit. An unpainted body can
3.
enough to do it. Other Indians regard that a n unpainted person as naked. Sometimes
4.
particular
a
has
body painting can be quite complicated because of every colour and shape
5.
meaning. A popular design among the Thompson Indians in North J\rnerica was to paint
6.
half the face red and the other half black; red did qrought the warrior: good luck, while
7.
Australian.
he
t
occasion,
religious
a
for
decoration
In
black gave his enemy misfort.une.
8.
applied
are
th~se
and
Aborigines us~ themselves traditional cQlours and patterns
9.
in
covered
are
by a special person . For instance, when mourning, the mourners they
10.
white paint. Among the Nuba in the Sudan, body painting is art for art's sake: it has
11.
no religious meaning, it s imply makes the body quite more beautiful. In fact, as a man
12.
illness
suffering
man
a
Also
clothing.
by
paint
gets older and less attractive, he replaces
13.
injury will wear clothes until he recovers. Throughou t the world, because people
I or
14.
World
like to decorate themselves according to the ir own customs . In the Wi,stern
there is a multi-millio n pound cosmetics industry with rnst amounts of money which 5.
16.
being spent on adverfr,ing campaigns to persuade the men and women to buy cosmetics.

II. GRAMMAR
A. Fill each of the gaps m the followin g text wtlh a suitable
prep<Jsit ion.
The artist's daughter Betty is painteq (1) ........................ photogra phic
detail. She sits very near (2) ........................ the surface (3) ........ .. ..... ........ .
the picture, as (4) ...... ........ .... ...... a close-up camera shot. The painting
Betty, however, as
could not really be called a portrait (?) .............
it teaches us very little (6) .................. .. .... her. Richter has chosen to paint
his daughter as she turns away; her face is invisible. Instead he has
concentra ted (7) .......... ,.... ... ...... the red, white and pink patterns
(8) ...... ..... :. .... .. ... .. her jacket and dress, and her hair gathered
head.
her
(10)....... .. .. .. ...... .....
(9) ....... ......... ........ the back
Richter _h as undermin ed accepted notions (11 )......... .. ............ . painting and
represen tation, giving us a painting that literally turns its back
(12)..... .. ................. conventio n. Continua lly discoveri ng new ways
......
0 .. ..

170

BDA12

The
(13) .......... .... ..... ... .. express ion, Richter 's work is extrem ely diverse.
g
wall (14) .............. ....... .. . the backgro und (15) ....... :.... ........... .this paintin
ese
r esembl es some of the very abstrac t works that Richter creates . Th
and
monoch rome, thickly painted canvas es evoke sadnes s and despai r
were execute d (16).... ...... .. ..... ....... r espons e (17) ............ ............ the war.

B. Put the verbs given in bracke ts into their appro priate tenses or
forms.
everY-one
1. The little boy had a lot qf trouble (convin ce) ....... ..: ........ ....... .....
that he (see) .............. ...... .... ..... a mermaid.
he
2. I was. te rribly disappo inted (discov er )... ... .... : that
(lie) ... .. ... ..: ..... .. .. .to me.
3. I r eally didn't expect (introd uce) .. ..... .... .............. .... to the preside nt.
window
the
thrc,ugh
(come).................... ....
sunligh t
4. The
(wake )... .. ... ...... .... .. ... me up early every mornin g.
lie .
5. The girl got into a lot of trouble . She (not, tell ) .. ... .. .. ....... ... ...... .. .. a
6. I apprec iate (tell) ..... .............. ........ .. the news.
village when she
7. The anthro pologis t (bave )............... .... .the
(collect )...... .... .... . enough data.
he
8. He saves 500 a year. By the time he (retire) .... ........ ........... .....
(save) .. ... .... .... ......... ....... 20.000 .
down sudden ly and I suppos e
9. The fog (come ).. ..... ...... ............... .
t h ey(not, know) ..... ... .................... which way (turn )... ." ............ ...... ...... .
If only they (have )... ................. .. ....... a map and compas s with thern,
they (not, drown) .......... ....... ............ .
(not,
You
ages.
(teleph one) .......................... for
10. You
finish) ...... .... .... ..... ...... ... .?

III. READ ING

A. Read the passag e and answer . the questi ons which follow by
choosi ng the best sugges tion.
The Bay filled the middle distanc e, stretch ing cut of sight on both
arc:
sides, and one's eye nat urally travelle d in a great sightss eeing
Bay
skimm ing along the busy Shoreli ne Free way , swervi ng out across the
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171

via the long Esseph Bridge to the city's dramat ic skyline , dark downto
wn
skvscra pers posed a[pins t whi
l~~nti!ll hillB 1 from Which it l~apt
across t he graceful curves of the Silver Span suspens ioP bridg , gatewa
y
to the Pacific , to alight on the green slopes of Mirand a County .
This vast panora ma was agitate d, even early in the mornin g, by every
known form of t~ansp ortation - ships , yachts, cars, trucks, trains , planes
,
helicop ters and hoverc raft - all in sim~lta neous motion , remind ing Philip
of the brightl y illustra ted cover of :1 childre n's book. It was indeed ,
he
tho.u ght , a perfect marria ge of Nature and Civilis ation, this view, where
one might take in at a glance the consum mation of man's technol ogical
skill and the finest splendo urs of the natural world. The harmon y
he
perceiv ed in the scene was, he knew, illusory. Just out of sight to his
left
a cloud of smoke hung over the great militar y and industr ial port
of
Ashlan d, and to his right the oil refiner ies of St Gabrie l fumed into
the
limpid air. The Bay, which winked so prettily in t he mornin g sun , was
,
people said, poisone d by industr ial waste and untreat ed effluen t .
For all that, Philip though t, almost guiltily, framed by his living-r oom
window and seen at this distanc e , the view still looked very good indeed
.
Morris Zapp was less entranc ed with his view - a vista of dank bc1.ck
garden s , rotting sheds and drippin g laundry , huge ill-look ing trees , grimy
roofs , factory chimne ys and church spires - but he had discard ed this
criterio n at a very early stage of looking for accomm odation in an Engli!:;h
industr ial town. You wer e luc)sy , he had quickly discove red, if you could
find a place that could be kept at a temper ature approp riate to human
organis ms, equipp ed with the more rudime ntary amenit ies of civilise
d
life, and decora ted in a combin ation of colours and pattern s that didn't
make you want to vomit ,.m sight. He had taken an apart ment on the
top
floor of a huge old hous e owned by an Irish doctor and his extensi
ve
f~mily . Dr O'Shea had conver ted the attic with his own hands for the
use
of an aged mother , and it was to the recent death of this relative ,
the
doctor impres sed upon him , that Morris owed the good fortune of finding
such enviab le accommodati(!n vacant. Morris didn't see this as a selling
poiilt himsel f, but O'Shea seemed to think that the apartm ent's

172

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sentimental association:: were worth at least an extra five dollars a week

to an American torn from the bosom of his ow11 family.
1. What sort of movement is suggested by the verbs used to describe the
eye's progress in the first paragraph?
C. interrupted D. reluct~nt
B. rapid
A smooth
2. Why did Philip look 'almost guiltily' at the view?
A He realised its beauty was deceptive .

3.

4.
5.

6.

B.

B. He felt res ponsible for the pollution.

C. He felt he was wasting time looking at it.
D. He knew he had a better view than most people.
Which factor did Morris consider most important when choosing
accommodation?
B. a pleasant landlord
A a tolerable .view
D. an efficient heating system
C. a reasonable rent
Dr O'Shea expected Morris to find the history of the apart ment
C. depressing. D. exciting.
B. comforting.
A amusing.
What is Morris's attitude towards accommodation in England?
A He is charmed by the quaintness of the houses.
B. He finds the contrast with America interesting.
C. He is prepared to make the best of it.
D. He wishes he had stayed at home.
Which of these statements , comparing the views from the two
windows, is correct?
A Philip's view is more peaceful. B Philip's view is more homely.
C Morris's view is more restricted. D Morris's view is more uplifting.
Read this article, . then choose the best paragraph from AsH to
fill each numbered gap. There is one extra paragraph which
does not belong in any of the gap.

A. 'Well, if you're absolutely sure, they would say and depart reluctantly,
even guiltily, as if they felt they were leaving the scene of an
accident.

B. And the thing is this man looked really fit . I'm sure he jogs
extravagant distances and plays squash and does all kinds of
BDA12

173


exuberantly healthful thtngs, but I am just as sure that he drives to
each of these undertakings. It's crazy . An acquaintance of ours was
complalnlng the other day about, the d1msuHy of hiding a place to
park outside the local gymnasium. S4e goes there several times a
week to walk on a treadmill. The gymnasium is, at most, a six-minute
walk from her front door. I asked her why she didn't walk to the gym
and do six minutes less on the treadmill .
C. The fact is, Americans not only don't walk anywhere, they won't walk
anywhere, and woe to anyone who tries to make them, as a town here
in New Hampshire called Laconia discovered to its cost. A few years
ago Laconia spent $5 million pedestrianizing its town centre, to .make
it a pleasant shopping environment. Aesthetically it was a triumph urban planners came fror_n all over to coo and take photos - but
commercially it was a disaster. Forced to walk one whole block from a
car park, shoppers abandoned downtown Laconia for suburban malls.
D. But th ey always looked so upset when I said_ this, that I gave in and
accepted the lift . I didn't have. the heart to make them feel they were
leaving me tp my fate.
E. I had this brought home to me iast summer when we were driving
across Maine and stopped for coffee in one of those ern;l.less zones of
shopping malls, motels, petrol stations and fast-fo od places that
sprout everywh.e re in America these days. I noticed there was a
bookshop across the street, so I iecided to skip coffee and pop over. I
needed a particular book and anyway I fi gured this would give my
wife a chance to spend some important private quality time with four
restive, overheated children.
F. I was astounded (I recall asking them jokingly if they used a light
aircraft to get to the supermarket, which simply drew blank looks and
the mental scratching of my name from all future invitation lists), but
I have since come to realize that there was nothing especially odd in
their driving less than a couple of hundred feet to visit us . Nobody
walks anywhere in America nowadays .

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declin ed .
G. 'But I'm going your way,' they would insist when, I politely
.'Really, it's no bother .'
to liv.,
H. One of the things we .vanted when we moved to Ameri ca was
we
in a town within walkin g distan ce of shops. Hanov er, where
sedate
settled , is a small, typica l New Engla nd college town, pleasa nt,
, nice
and compa ct. It has a broad green, an old-fashioned Main Street
is, in
college buildin gs with big lawns , and leafy reside ntial streets . It
is
short, an agi:eeable, easy piace to stroll. Nearly everyo ne in town
I can
within a level five-minute walk of the shops, and yet as far as
tell virtua lly no one does .
-------------- CJ -------------WHY NO ONE WALKS

r.
I'll tell you this, but you have to promis e that it will get no furthe
ound for
Not long after we moved here we had the people neJlt door_r
dinner and - I swear this is true - they drove.
( 1) ..... , .. ...... .......... ... ... .. ........ ..... ..... ..... ... .......... .. .....~ .. ... . .

ly
A resear cher at the Unive rsity of Califo rnia at Berke ley recent
85 per
made a study of the nation 's walkin g habits and concluded that
35 per
cent of people in the United States are 'esse.n tially' seden tary and
than 75 .
cent are 'totally ' sedent ary. The averag e Ameri can walks less
I'm no
miles a year - about 1.4 miles a week, barely 350 yards a day.
up more
strang er to sloth mysel f, but that's appall ingly little. I rack
mileag e than that just looking for the chann el chang er.
(2) .. ................. .......... .......... ............... .

post
I walk to town nearly every day when I am at home. I go to the
fee ling
office or library or the local bookshop. and someti mes, if I am
Every
particu larly debonRir, I stop at Rosey Jekes Cafe for a cappuccino.
guys there
few weeks or so I call in at the barber shop and let one of the
of my
do somet hing rash and lively with my hair. All this is a big part
have got
l~fe and I would n't drea~ of doing it other than on foot. People
in the
used to this curious .and eccent ric behavi our nc,w, but s,evera l times
BDA1 2

175

early days passin g neighb ours would slow by the kerb and ask
if I wante d
a iift.
(3) ........ .... ..... .. ... : ..

'Hones tly, I enjoy walkin g.'

(4) .. ..... .. .. .... .. .... ..... ...... ....... ......... .. .. ...... : ....

People have become so habitu ated to using the car for everyt hing
that
it would never occur to them to unfurl their legs and see what
they can
do . Somet imes it's almos t ludicrous. The other day I was in a little
nearby
town called Etna waitin g to bring home one of my childr en from
a piano
lesson when a car stoppe d outsid e the local post office and a
man about
my age poppe d out and dashed inside (and left the rotor
runnin g somet hing else that exerci ses me inordi nately ). He . was inside
for about
three or four minute s, then came out, got in the car and drove
exactly 16
feet (I had nothin g better to do so I paced it offi td the genera l
store next
door, and poppe d in again, engine still runnin g.
(5) .... ....... : .... ..... ... ........ ........ .. .... .... ............ ........ ..... .... .. . .

She looked at me as if I were tragica lly simple -mind ed .and said.

'But
I have a progra mme for the treadm ill . It records my distan ce
and speed,
and I can adjust it for degree of difficulty.' It had not occurr ed
to me how
though tlessly deficie nt nature is in this regard .
According to a concer ned and faintly horrifi ed recent editor ial
in the
Boston Globe , the United States spends less than 1 per cent
of its $25
billion -a-yea r roads budge t on facilities for pedest rian s. r:tually
, I'm
surpri sed it's that much. Go to ~!most any suburb developed
in the last
thirty years - and there are thousa nds to choose from - and you
will not
find a pavem ent anywh ere. Often you won;t find a single
pedest riancrossin g. i am not exagg erating .
(6) ....... ...... ....... .......... ....... ... .... .... ... ..... ....... ........... .. ... .. .

Althou gh the booksh op was no more than 50 or 60 feet away

, I
discov ered that there was no way to get there on foot . There was
a traffic
crossin g for cars, but no provision for pedest rians and no way
to cross
. withou t dodgin g throug h three lan2s of swiftly turnin g traffic .
I had to get
in the car and drive across ,
176

BDA1 2

At the time it seemed ridiculous and exasperating, Lut afterwards I

realized that I was probably the only person ever even to have
entertained the noticn of negotiating that intersectio~ on foot .
(7).. ... .. ........... ... .... ...... ....... ..... ............. ..... .... ... ..... ... .... ...
In 1994 Lawnia dug ur its pretty brick paving, took away th_e benches
and tub$ cf geraniums and decorative trees , and put the street back to
the way it had been in the first -place. Now people can park right in front
of the shops again and downtown Laconia thrives anew, And if that isn't
sad, I don't know what is .

IV. USE OF ENGLISH

A. Read the followfog text and deciJ~ which word best fits each
blank.
THE BEGINNINGS OF FLIGHT
The story of man's master..y 6f the air is almost as old as man himself,
a puzzle in which the esser ,la1 clues werti not found unt il a very late
stage. Howewr, to ( 1 ) ... ..... .. ... : .... .... .. .... this we must first go back to the
time when primitive man
his food , and only birds
and insects flew. We cannot know with . ~my certainty when man first
deliberately shaped weapons for throwing, but that (3) .. .. ................. ... .... of
conscious design marked the first step on a road that (4) ................... ........ .
from the spear and the arrow to the aeroplane and the giant rocket of the
prese:t (5) ..... .. ..... ............ .... . It would seem, in fact , t hat this {6)
... ... ....................... to thr
,, ow things is one of the most rrimitive and deepseated of our instincts , (7) ............................ in childhood and persisting .
into old age. The more mature ambition to throw things swiftly and
accurately, which is the oriein of most (8) .. ........ .. .... .......... games , probably
has its roots in the ag~s when the possession of a (9) ......... ...... .. ...... .....
weapon . and the ability to throw it with fore~ and accuracy
(10) .... .. ........ .... ....... ... the difference between eating and "starving.
It is significant ,t~iat such weapons were (11) .. ... ... .... ... ... .. ........ and
brought tu teir (12) ...... ......... ... ... ....... form at an early stage in history. If
we were restricted to the same (13) .......................... , it is dou.b tfd if we
could
produce
better
bows
and
arrows
than
those
that

c2............................

BD/_12

177

(14) ... .. .. .. ......... .. ..... ... the armies of the past. The arrow was the first true

weapon capable of maint11ining dirnction over conBidernble

(15) ............... .. ... .... .... .It was to be centuries before man himself could fly.
1. A. value

2. A.
3. A.
4. A.
5. A.
6 . . A.
7. A.
8. A.
9. A.
10. A.
11. A.
12. A.
13. A.
14. A.
15. A.

pursued
act
brings
instant
feeling
coming
exterior
suitable
involved
invented
last
matters
destroyed
lengths

B. approve
B. hunted for
B. deed
B. moves
B. day
B. urge
B. arriving
B. outside
B. fitting
B. meant
B. imagined
B. older
B. substances
B. ruined
B. extents

C. understand
C. chased
C. action
c. takes

D. realize
D. followed up
D. event
D. leads .>
D. moment
C. hour
C. encouragement D. emotion
C. appearing
D. growing
C. ext~rnal
D. outdoor
D. chosen
C. related
D. showed
C. told
D. produced
C. planned
D. final
C. latest
D. sources
C. materials
D. exploded
C. spoiled
D. distances
C. areas

B. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the passage with one

suitable word.
British telE>vision is the big success story of post-war years. Little
(1) ... ... ..... ....... :.. .. ...... . than a limited experiment before t he war, it
blossomed
in . (2) .. :........ .......... .. .. .. ..:
years
following
1945.
(3) .. ... .. .... .. ....... ...... .... 1955, commercial television began. Today, 90 per
cent of the populatiun have television in (4) ....... ...... ...:.. ........... ho.mes. .
In 196C,
a committee of enquiry was (5 f .. ....... ............. .. ..... up ,
(6)..... ........... ... ... ........ the chairmanship of Sir Harry Pilkington, to
investigate the workings of broadcasting. The Pilkington Report,
published i:l 1962, had (7) .. ... ............. ............ to say:
'Television has bP.en (8) .......... ......... .. ......... a mirror of society, but the
metaphor, (9)..... .... .... ... ..... ........ . str.King, wholly misses the major issue of
the responsibility(10) .... ... .. .. ... .... ... ... ...... the broadcasting authorities. For,
if we consider the first aspect of this responsibility, what is the

178

BDA12

(11 ).. ... .. ......... .. . .... ... .... to reflect? Is it to reflect the best or the worst
(12).. ............ ..... ...... .... . us? One cannot escape the question by saying that
it must do both; one must ask then (13) ....... ..... .. ........... .. .. . it is to present
the
best
and
the
worst
with complete
indifference
and
(14).. .. ..... ........ ... .. ... ..... comment. Television (15) .. ................... .. ....... not,
and cannot, merely r eflect the moral standa:rds of society. It must affect
(16) .. .'........................ ... either by changing or by rd.aforcing them.'
All broadcasting, and television (17) ..... .... ........ ............. , must be ready
and anxious to experiment, to show (18). ........... .. ................ new and
unusual, to give a hearing (19) .. ....... .. ........... .. ... ... dissent. Here ,
broadcasting must be most willing to make mistakes; for if it does n ot , it
will (20).. ............ .... .... ..... .. . no discoveri es.

C. For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar

as possible in meaning to the original. sentence, but using the
word given in capital letters. This word must not be altered in
any way.
1. You'd feel better if you had a quiet holiday .
....... .............. ........................... .... ..... ...... ... .. .. .... .. ............ .. ..... .... ....... .. .... DO
2. With six children to look after, she's extremely busy .
............... .. .... ..... .... .. .............. .......... ..... , ........ ... ..... ... ............... ...... .. HANDS
'
.
3. There's no point in your phoning Caroline - she's away .
...... ............................ ........ .............. ... ..... ... ............................ ........... .. TIME
4 . What Rachel .does in her spare time doesn't concern me .
.. .. ... ........................... .. ................................................... .......... .. BUSINESS
5. Only final-year students are allowed to use the main college car park .
.... ...... ..... ..... .... ................... ..... .... ........... ... ..... .... .. .. .. ......... .. RESTRICTED
G. The final version of the plan was quite different from the initial draft.
...... ...... ... ................... :....................... ... ...... ......................... .. RESEMBLANCE
7. I certainly won't change my mind about resigning .
............. ...... .......... .... ... ............ ... .......... ........... ... ..... ........... .. ... QUESTION
8. He didn't mention our previous conversation a.t all.
.............. .. .... ............ ...... .. ... ..... ... ..... .... ........... .... .... .... .... ........ REFEREN'CE
9.- We run t he business together .
....... ... ... .... ..... .. ..... ..... ........ ............ ...... ........ ... ... .."......... ..... ................ JOINT
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179

10. Digging the garden always makes me feel hungry .

............... ...... .......... ..... ............. ...... .................... ... ... ............ ... .......... GIVES
'

D. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as

similar as possible in meaning to the sentence printed before it.
1. It is said that he escaped to a neut ral cou~try .
He ......... .. .... .. ....... .......................... .... .... .......... .. ....... ...... .... .
2. The truth only camE: out on the publication of the general's pen,onal
diaries .
Only when .. .... .... ..... .......... .. ... ... ..... ......... .. .... ................. ... .... .. .
3. Oil was slowly coating t h e edge of the sh ore.
The edge of t he shore ...................... ........ ...... .. ..... ... ...... ........ , ....... ...... .. . .
4. In spite of the forecast it stayed fin e.
Although rain ... .... ................ ............. ......... ......... ......... ... .... .. ......... .... ....... .
5, We'd prefer you not t(' smoke.
We'd rather .... .. .. ........ ... .... .. ...... .. ....... ...... ...... ...... ... ........ ...... .... ..... .......... .
6. You really should be able to dress yourself by now!
It's high .... ....... ... ..... ..... ....... ... .. .... ..... ..... .: ..... .. ... .... ............ .. .. .. .... :.... .
7. Provided your handwriting is legible t he examiner will accept your
answer .
So long as the examiner .. _. .... ... .... .. .. .... .... .. .... .... .... ........... .... ........... ... .. .. .
8. You can use it as long as you like, and it won't wear out.
No m;:itter .... ....... .... ..... ... ... ... ... .. .... ....... ............. .......... ... .... ... ...... .
9. If the work is finished by luncl:itime you can go home.
Get. .... ... ............. .. ....... .. ............ ..... .... ........ .... ........ .. ... .
10. Although Judy was severely dis abled sh e participated in many sports.
Despite her .. .. :........ ..... ............ ... .... . :... ... .. ......... ...... .. ... .. ........ ....... ... .. ...... .
J

V. COMPOSITION
Write a composition (from 300 to 350 word s) about the following
top;c:
"When people succeed, it is because of hard work. Luck has
nothing to do with success." Do you agree or disagree with the
quotation above? Use specific reasons and examples to explain
your position.
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BDA 12

PRACTICE TEST 10
I. VOCABULARY

A. Choose the best word from A, B, C or D that fts each blank.

1. He bought that house, .... .. .... .......... .... that he would inherit money
under his uncle's will.
C. estimating
D. accounting
A considering B. assuming
2. The post.al services were ... .. .. ..... ......... ... for several weeks by the
strike.
A disrupted
B. pert.1rbed
C. disarrayed
D. deranged
. 3. I wished that I could cry but, because of my upbringing I was
too ...... ..... ... ..... ... .. .
A shy
B. inhibited
C. rigid
D. prevented
4. Since the child had no proper excuse for missing school , her absence
should be treated as ... .... ... ........ ...... .
B. neglect
C. abstention
D. truancy
A desertion
5. All visitors a re requested to ... ... ... .... .. ...... ... with the regulations.
A. agree
B. comply
C. assent
D. consent
6. This is a most peculiar letter. What do you ... .... .. ....... .. ..... . of it?
A gather
B. make
C. get
D. feel
7. Now that we've identified the problem, we must decide on an .
appropriate course of .. ....... ... .. ...... ."... .
C. solution
D. development
A action
B. progress
8. He was blinded by the .... .................... of the approaching car's
headlights.
B. gleam
A glare
C. glow
D. flare
9. Mary gives one account of the ~onversation, and Fred another; it's
difficult to ... .. .. .. ............ ... the two versions.
B. identify
C. adjust
D. coincide
A reconcile
lQ . His reputation has been greatly ......... ........ ....... by the success of his
new book.
A expanded
B. enhanced
C. enlarged
D. heightened.

BDA12

181

-------

11. If this animal had escaped from its cage it could .... .. ...... ..... .... ... have
killed or maimed several people .
D. severely
C. well
B. both
A. equally
12. Time was running out, so the committee had to make a ."............ decision.
A brief
B. snap
C. sharp
D. curt
J 3. Because of an unfortur-ite.. .. ... .. ............... your order was not
despatched by the date requested .
A. hindrance
B. oversight
C. negligence
D .transgression
14. Motorists .... ................... , of speeding may be banned from driving for
a year.

c:

A. convicted
D . judged
charged
B. arrested
15.lf you walk along this lane you will see the signpost .. .., .... ... ... ... '.... !. to
the beach.
'
A. pointing
B. showing
D. indicating
C. directing
16. She didn't .. :: ........ ... .. ... ... . doing the ironing, as she had1;'t wanted to
go out anyway.
A. object
B. matter
C. care for
D. mind
17. Th~ decisi01t was .. ::.'..... .. ..... ....... to a later meeting.
A cancelled ';
B. arranged
C. deferred
D. delayed
18. Tempers began to .. ... ..... ..... .... ..... as the lorries forced their way
tlirough the picket lines .
'' ;-: P.i. 'break B. fray
C. grate
D. fire
19. Th e old sh ip will be towed into harbour and ..................... ... .
;\: broken tip
B. broken down C. broken in
D. broken off
20 . \faking private calls on t h e office phone is severely on
in our departme~t.
1 . frowned
B. criticised
C. regarded
D. objected

B. Complete the sentences with one of the words in the bpx.

metal; fiber; quickly; sank; exorcists ; company;
telescope ; begun; thought; diplomatic

.... In 1970, the Canadian scientist George Kell proved that warm water
freezes more .. ........... .. ............ than cold water.

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...

2. The rebuilding of the Inca capital Cuzco was :: ....................... .. in the

1460s.
3-. Only through . . .. .. ..... ...... . .. ... .. .. mtans can a formal agreement be
reached.
4. People have been su_mmoning ........................... . with increasing
frequency ove.r the last three years.
5. The film processing .. ............... ..... ..... has devis~d a means of developing
the 62-year-old film that might solve the mystery.
6. Platinum is a rare and valuable ................. :......... , white in color, and
next to silver and gold, the easiest to shape.

7, A great . deal of : , has to go into the designing of _a

concert hall .
8. The healthful p~operties of ...... ... ... ,............... have been known for
years.
, _
. . . -.
.
.
8. The vessel that ...... ~................... may have been carrying the gold and
jewels from the dowry of Catheril].e of Aragon.
10. Galileo built his first ........ ...... ..... ~ .... ... in 1609.

C. Read tlie following text. In .each numbered line.where is a word

or phrase used wrongly. Find them and correct them.
THE BOSS FROM HELL
Before I went for my interview for the job wit.h Cramer and Blake
1.
Services, I talked to a few people and found out some infomiations
2.
about the company. This strategy worked very effective as :it gave the
3. ,
impression that I was keen and committal and. I was offered the job
4.
by the personnel manager in the spot.
1 5.
I was verydelighted at first, but I soon discovered that my n ew
6.
\ bcss, Ton , mked-totallynarct, spen ng al1 his time in the officeand
I never leaving before 8 p.m. He expected the same grade of commitment . 7.
8.
from his employees - the workload he expected every and each one of us
1
9.
I to carry was ~eeply _unreasonable. He accused anyone who didn't work
overtime regularly of riot making their fair share and letting the team down .. 10.
11.
I decided to put up to the situation without complaining for a while
12.
but lastly I fell I had to confront To~. I told him I wasn't prepared to
13.
work so hard for such a low salary. Tom said that I had large potential

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1_83

and could easily get to the top if I was prepared to have an effort.
I However, he thoroughly refused to reduce my workload and so in the .

15.

end I decided to hand out my resignation.

Just a week later I got another job in Cramer and Blake's main
competitors. Now I'm earning twice as high as my old boss, and my
job's twice as interestin g. I work exactly as long hours - but I'm glad I
moved. I haven't got to the top yet - bit I'm far on the way!

16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

14.

II.GRAM MAR
A. Fill the gaps in these senf~n~es with a suitable preposit ion
from the list. Some aT'e used more than one.
a~er; at; in front of; before; next to; below; beside; on; on top of;
besides; by; during; opposite ; over; to; for; from; in~ under; with;
into
1. There's a free seat ..... .. .... ........ .. me here - sit ... ... .... ... .. ... ... me and
keep me company .
2: The temperat ure ...... ... ...... .. ..... the South Pole ..... ................ winter is
usually ..... .. .... .. ..... ... 50 degrees .... ............... .. zero.
3. The Mona Lisa, which is .... .... ... ...... .... the Louvre - Paris ,
was painted well .. .. .... ... .. ..... ... 400 years ago.
4. Would you prefer to go ... ........... ... .... car, ....... .... .. .. .... .. the bus or
............ ........ .foot?
5. The Odeon is directly....... .. ... .. ..... .. the bus station, a few
metres ... ...... .. .... ..... . the square. If you're approach ing it ...... ... ..... ...... .
the west, turn ... ... .... ....... :.. . the left when you see the universit y
............... ... ... your right.
6. 'Try to arrive .... .. ....... .. ... ...time..... .. ..... .... .. .. . future ,' he said to me
.. .. ...... ..... ...... a whisper.
7. I' couldn't see very well becai..:;e someone ..... ...... .... ...... a big hat was
sitting .. .... ... .. .... ...... me ... ... .......... .. .. the cinema, and I couldn't hear the
soundtrac k because some people were talking ... .... .... : ... .... loud voices
.... ........ ....... .. the film.

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8. ..... ..... ... ...... .. painting lovely pictures she's very good ..... ...... ,..... ....
sculpture.
9. G comes ........... ,...... ...F .. ... :...... ...... ... the alphabet, and .. .. ..... ........ ... . H.
10. She was working ............. .. ...... the painting .. ... .. .. ...... ..... . five weeks ... ... .. ... ... .. .... . the spring.
11. Instead of keeping his money .. ..... ... ...... ..... the bank he hides it
. ...... ... .... .. ... .. the carpet. He keeps his small change .. .. .. ... .... ..... . .. a
biscuit tin ... ... ....... ..... .. the wardrobe.
12. When they walked ..................... the room hand ................ ..... hand,
they saw her sitting ........ ............. an armchair .... ...... ........... the
window .. ...... ............. a big smile ............ .. ....... her face.

B. Fill the gaps in these sentences with suitable words from the list
below, changing the form of the verb as necessary.
accept, ask, bear, cancel, change, collect, draw, hold, lead, lend,
lifl, lose,
.offer, open, pay, place, raise, raise, reach, resist, run, strike,
supply, throw
1. Can I .. ........ ........... ... ..... you a favour? I'd like you to ........ .. .. .............. ...

me a hand with ........ ........ ... ....... ... this heavy package.
2. If you want to .,.... . ... .. .. .... . ... .. .... . a bank account, they may ask you
to ..: ... ..... ... .... ........ ... references .
3. I'd like to ....... ....... ............ .. . the order which I ............................. last
week - I've ....... ..... ... ............ .. my mind about want ing it.
4. Always .. ... ,..... ........... ....... i::areful attention to what the interviewer
says . You shoulq answer clearly but there's no need to
. .... .... ..... ..... ... ... .. .. your .voice above the normal_level. Don't reply too
quickly: give yoJrself time to .. ...... ...... ... ......... ... . your thoughts.
5. When he
me the chocolates, I couldn't
... .... ... .... ... .. ... .... .. . the temptation to .... ........ .... ... ...... ... . them even
though I was trying to ...................... .... ... weight.

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:. .:if-

--------

6. Although she ... .. ... .. .. .... ... ... .. ... .. a very busy life, .... ....... ........... .... ... her
own business, she tries to ..:"....... .... ..... .......... a balance between the
demands of her work and her private life.
............ .. .............. . light on the situation by
our attention to the fact that we would have to
............ .... .... ......... the costs of the scheme.

7. She

tried

to

8. No one ......... ................ .. .. any objection when we .... ..... .. .. :............... the
decision to ....... .... ......... .. the next meeting on Sunday.

III. READING
A. Read the passage and answer the questions which follow by
choosing the best suggestion.
It was the Scott family, with their polite codes of behaviour and their
nice social distinctions , that _set the tone for Paul's childhood. His mother,
who came from south London ,, enthusiastically endorsed th e outlook and
values that went with her husband's sort of person. Frances Scott was a
woman of powerful poetic imagination and driving wili. All her life :,;he
consoled herself for reality's shortcomings with rich and extravagant
dreams. She had written unpublished novels herself as a girl, w0rking in
a cupboard by candlelight. The night before her wedding in 1916 she said
she read them all through and burned them. Her elder son, Peter, who
was two years older than Paul, took after no-one in particular. But Paul
had h er own strong, distinctive family nose, .and with it b.:~ passed on
her creative energy and a burning sense of what he migh~ do in the
future . He had been a ten months' baby: she said she had carried him an
extra month in the womb to allow time for his remarkable brain to
develop. 8he had resented her pregnancy and had in any case hoped for a
girl. But Paul was a prodigy in h er eyes from birth. He walkeJ and talked
before he was one, and, according to his mother, who could never have
enough of his achievements , he came pretty . close to writing his first
poem too. She had unheard-of ambitions for him; he grew up under the
spell of his motl er's imagination. and the spur of her great expectation.
He was to fulfil her promise , redeem the hopes of her girlhood, make good
the disappointments of a life that had never quite come up to scratch.
18fi

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Paul always insisted that he had a perfectly ordinary childhood,

comfortable , happy and protected. He and his brother were the only
children in a family heavily weighted toward_s the other end of the age
scale. Their father had himself been the only boy in a household of
women, petted and made much of by six sisters, none of whom ever
married . Peter and Paul grew up in a circle of elderly maiden aunts, and
Paul in particular energetical ly returned their interest. He was an
enchanting infant, comical, astute and precocious. His sayings were
t reasured, his doings marvelled. over, his jokes passed round the whole
family. He seems to have been, even as a very small child , sharply aware
of other people and unusually receptive. The earljest sympt.om he
diagnosed in himself as a writer was- an intense curiosity: h e said it could
prove dangerous later, but in childhood it meant that he gave asprnch as
h e got from the fond, admiring female relations bending over his cot.
All his life he r emained an exceptional listener. P eople .t o wh or.n he
gave his full attention agree that t here was nothing to match it .. He
listened with a sympat h etic concentration that was irresisti~le, and th e
first voice he listened to was his mother's. He must have h eard her
building . dream-cast les for him to inhabit almost before he could
understand what she was saying; and as soon as h e could stagger to his
feet, he brought her offerings in return - a toy boat with a bead in the
bottom or a ring case with a coin lodged in its slot . Already he knew how
to please her, and perhaps already he could hear, beneath her
challenging , confiden~ voice, another message, equally insistent but
harsher and more plaintive. Paul's mother seldom talked about her past,
except sometimes to recolour and recast it in a more satisfactory form.
How much she told Paul , and how much he guessed, is impossible to say.
But there can be no doubt that, for all the bold front she put on in public,
Frances Scott was the forerunner of a li1ie of lonely, vulnerable, insecure
wives in his books, women whose energies found no out.let and whose
talents rai:i slowly to waste.
1. Whim Frances married into the Scott family, she
A considered them limited in their views.
B. resented
the. restrictions
imposed on her.
.
.
'

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'

187

G. was happy to accept their standards.

D. was pleased at their reaction to her talent.
2. As a married woman, how did Frances Scott come to terms with the
realities of life?
A. She retreated into her imagination.
B. She indulged in fantasies about her social status.
C. She drove her children to succeed.
D. She developed her literary talents.
3. Being pregnant for the second time seemed to make Frances
A. formulate unrealistic plans.
B. want to spend time with Peter.
C. worry about Peter's reaction .
D. wish her family had been limited to one child.
4. When Paul was a young :hild, his mother
. A. thought he was handsome.
B. exaggerated his abilities.
C. encouraged his literary gifts .
D. concealed her disappointment at having another son.
5. What was Paul's reaction to the attention he received from his aunts?
A. He would have preferred to have heen left alone .
B. He treated it with indifference.
C. He responded enthusiastically.
D. He wished he received as much as his brother.
6. What aspect of his mother's experience later influenced Paul's writing?
A. the urge to invent stories
B. the need to develop strength of -character
C. the ability to play a particular role in public
D. the frustration that comes with undeveloped talents

B. For this exercise, you must choose which of the paragraphs A -G

fit into the numbered gaps in the following article. There is one
extra paragr<;1ph, which does not fit in any of the gaps .
.. A water filter can remove some of the undesirable tastes, but make
sure it is regularly serviced, otherwise you will be contaminating your
water by passing it through an unclean filter. Bottled water is handy
188

BDA12

to carry around with you, to give to your child tc take to school or to

have sitting on your desk all good ways of remind ing you to drink a
glass an h our. You can make water more interes tL 1g by adding
shavin gs of fre sh ginger, slices or squeezes of fre sh lemon or lime, a
few drops of orange -blosso m water or a ddsh of elderflower or lime

cordial.
to
B. An adult's body is made up of about 65 per cent water, and t his has
be topped up to keep it healthy, flexible and young- looking . We n eed
water to keep t h e body flu sh:ng waste products, mainta in healt hy
skin, h air and organs, produc e digestiv e enzyme s, regulat e our
temper ature (cooling by evapor ation through t he skin) and aid uptake
of esse ntial nutrien ts such as vitami ns, minera ls and natural sugars .
or
C. For people who' have a poor ap petite, or who need to put on weight
maxim ise th eir calorie intake , it is import an t not to drink large
amount s of water at meal t imes . Water itself d6es not disturb
digesti on, but if you fill yoursel f up with fluid , you'll have less room
for fo od.
r
D. I r ecently discove red wb.en advisin g a high-al t itude level climbe
(Mount Everes t, K2 , etc.) that checkin g the colour of urin e can b~ a
life~saving exercis e. Urine should be pale in colour, and you should go
to the 100 regular ly t hrough out . the day . If urine is da rk, you are not
C:rinking enough water - which can quickly lead to death if you're
24,000 ft above sea level. If you think two litres of water is a lot,
imagin e having to dri nk eight to 10 - t he averag e daily flmd
require ment for h igh-alt itude climber s!
E. We lose-w ater mainly t hrough our kidney s and skin (the skin's inner
layer, dermis , is made up of 70 per cent water and acts as a natural
reservo ir). We also lose a lot of water when we suffer sicknes s,
diarrho ea or any infectio n that causes fever. l Tow that the maj ority of
us live in centrally heated houses and work in offices with heating and
ai r condi ionin g, we lose more water through our skin t han people did
in t h e past. Our diets now also contain hi gh er -levels of salt, add itives
and sugars , all of -;'lhich place extra strain on the body's . water
reserve s.
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189

F. Many people wonder why doctors and medica l people niake so much

fuss about water, but the reason is clear: water is good for you. And
the more you drink the better it is for your health. Most people drin!r
far less than th ey should and they are not aware of this .
G. Wheth er you get your water from a tap or a bottle is up to you.
Minera l and spring water are ground waters , which means they
landed as rain, seeped through rocks and collected in underg round
pools. When this water reaches the surface, it can be bottled and
label.led as spring water. 'Natura l minera l water' is more rigidly
defined and is better" regulat ed ; it has to come from a source which is
natural ly protect ed, of a constan t composition and free from polluti on.
A Bmall amoun t of water can be found to be natural ly sparkli ng, but
'
most sparkli ng water has had carbon dioxide pumped into it. This
poses no threat to health.

-------------- rn ------------- TAKING THE WATERS

While we can survive for some time withou t food, we can only live for
a few days withou t water. A persist ently dehydr ated body can lead
to
letharg y, poor skin, high cholest erol levels , urinary -tract infectio ns such
as cystitis and bowel pcc.l)lem s such as constip ation.
(1) .. ....... .. ...... ... ..... .... ...... : .......... .... ......... : ............... .... ....

Even high blood fat (choles terol and triglyce rides) levels can be
aggrav ated by lack of Wllter; withou t it, fibre (found in whole grains,
pulses , oats , fruits and vegetab ies) cannot swell and stimula te the body
to
produce High Densit y Lipopr otein , aka 'good cholest erol '. HDL picks
up
Low .Densit y Lipopr otein - 'bad cholest erol' and takes it to the gut, where
it is excrete d.

190

BDA12

(2) ...... ... .. ............ .. ... ... :.. .. ... .... ........... ,.. ........... .. .. ..... .. ... .

Most adults should drink two or three litres (about four or five pints)
of water every day. Those who exercise, a1;d pregnant women, need even
more . Exercise causes the body to lose fluid , which can lead to overheating, dizzines s and tiredness. During pregnancy, the fluid requirement
increases to nourish the foetus, while breastfeeding mums need extra
fluid to produce milk. Children can lose a lot of water through their skin,
because they're generally more active . Urine is one of the best guides to
the adequaoy of fluid intake.
(3) .............. ..... ...................... ........ .... .. .. .... ..................... .

When you boost your water intake , you wiil find yourself using the loo
more frequently, but your body will soon adapt. If you have other
symptoms - a need to pass urine excessively, blood in urine , pain or
extreme itchiness or discomfort - it may mean that you have a urine
infection, which will need medical attention.
(4) ............ ........... .. ...... .. ........... ... .... ... ... .. .. ............ .. ..... . .

With digestive disorders such as a hiatus hernia or oesophagitis

(inflammation of the oesophagus), having too much liquid can cause the
stomach contents to leak up into.the oesophagus, irritate the oesophagus walls
and bring on heartburn. To avoid this, take only small sips with your meal to
refresh your palate, but make up your fluid requirement between meals.
(5) ... . .... .... : .... ...................... ...... .... ............ ..... ... ..... .. . .

Some people find bottled water unnecessary and uneconomical. A litre

of tap water costs 0.06 pence, approximately - that's up tc a tho usand
times cheaper than bottled water. There is also the cost to the
environment (plastics for packaging and energy for transport). If the
taste puts you aff tap water, your water supplin will be able to test for
contamination (which can occur in old pipes, for example) or bacterial
overgrowth. Water companies now have a legal duty to meet safety
standards and are 'committed to improvements in the palatability of
water, particularly taste and clarity', according to Water UK.
BDA12

191

(6) ... ... .... .... .... '. ... .... .. ............... ...... .... ..... ........ ........ ... .. ... .

Also1 it doesn't h"VG t9 Qe ~eryq

~glg - ther~ {lftl

ffiflilJ fruit flilQ

herbal teas and tisanes on the market; you could even make your own
using fresh mi!1t, or root ginger wit h lemon 2.:1d honey. Rememb er that
water t hat contains caffeine - from coffee, tea, colas ur hot chocolate does not count towards your daily two - to three - litre ixi.take because
caffeine is dehydrat ing. Enjoy two or three cups (the daily
recomme ndation), but then take care. to keep up necessary levels of pure
water - your best liquid a$set.
IV. USE OF ENGLIS H
A. Read the followin g text and d_e cide which word best fits each
blank.
I don't want to alarm you. There is still enough sand left in the world
to satisfy most holidaym akers but i;.1 mariy parts of the world beaches are
literally being ( 1). ...... .... .. ......... ...... away and have to be regularly (2)
First much of the sand for beaches (3) ....... .......... ......... .. from cliffs
which crumble away as they are pounded by the waves. To (4)
.. ..... ..... .. .. .. ... ... .... them, sea walls are often erected. With cliffs no
(5) ............. .. .... ..... .... , crumbling , the beaches are robbed of the material
which would (6 )...... ...... ...... ..... .... feed them.
Beaches are also (7).......... ...... ..... .... ... witl: sand and gravel by rivers
which bring it down from the moun tains and hills. In some places rivers
are being dammed and (8)....... .. .- ... ... .. ... .. ..... built to retain water. They
trap more of the sediment so the rivers (9) ... ...... .. ....... ..... ... .. less sand and
gravel to the sea. This is ~appenin g in 9alifornia , for . example, and in
Scotland. In Egypt the (10) ......... ...... ... .... ... .. . of the Aswan Dam has
(11 )... ..... ... .. ..... .... .. .... the Nile silt, so much less silt is being fed towards
coastal (12) .. .... ....... ..... .. ........ . That has meant the delta is now eroding
instead of (13) .... .. ......... .. ...... ..... as befor e.
Thirdly, to improve access to the beach ma ny holiday resorts build a
promenad e along the sea front . Like some of the fortificati ons of cliff
(14) .... ..... .. ..... : ... .. .... .. . this usually has a flat vertic.al surface off which the

192

BDA12

'{, ve'.-0 (i.J5) ..1U1:F:~l~.~....1. .. )J:Hf.t. Thi.. . hd.ps ..w.a,sh titi

is arld sawa y ,d.rn.V"fr' th e
'tfelit h ~ ncti nif of ftti lv~dostl! i"8B n9rfj .. .. ......... .....
.... ..... WL ,gni jumm o:J
- . 1l).t?',tn 1~ n.sni lnhb ..t~~ dll!W 9[qoi(';{ ''we.~a-ed,d
", ... . D. .cle.ane.d...... (8I)
2:A:rem oved (!il) ~ teJ1lia>t&1"grri2u 9\iE_~:d::iw:lom
9.cJJ dJ .11redf8(fOO! fa jaut
yJ/E .Otoffe efsb 9JIJ $J. forms .. .. .. ..... ... .. C. faJll.s jJ
.OI11 fl Bl.1 qfne sb1.nJ a.ao:J
-4: A. -r:woted(c}I) B f{pi~pai;Ntf-guorU C. S1,1,tO'o
u1idt 10D . C!ID'Iet 9fovh q
(ff_.[ 1AIFg1Jbn~f, il 1 ,22ll}.I ~N~e isrH .ai
g,@.of urtjlun.10:J ,o?.m lateo iJq1rn sfai
16.,'Vi . AJl>\:!nMiyub ;h~ 1oft'etf.t9W 9 1 0t U ( ~.r~alr leti:pr
~s:nm D...o.ccas i.onal ly. ... .
27~I J\,ffpWs<ffllJd 'HniJ BJ1gilld.n.. ....... ... .. C..filled 8I) astto:ijrCSl.lpy;>!i:.efu
9Vd
({fs.) A9 es~o i-i,S .aa1}J <tatt1t ls ......... .......C ..wells ((:/I)
gniD ojpc'k s v._sw x:m
9. "A\!3ffitc!lf )U1 s 1qrfJ0 , tttlUs 2'lm b1rg9 {; .l polll.n:t sdi
uox:D....push ... ....... .... .

10 . . ,l ,. sirrni rr
,C , build in
n:rn
1~ ,1)0<):.. ,'clh\'\? . 'R"~ nf!'in
'fr9neering
',w .'"Y~
n ~S!;n~
p
1< int J
R traDn ed .
r. . !ie~le<l

.in
ng_ '--l ' )
9~,Y , ofor.mi
.s\~~ ,0,1. "
~l,5 : ;ti,JJ h~ .. , ,'l~n~!"S'rn?. 1nns ~n.o snf' :: , ~tunn
D. solidi fied
9"'' .su 91<.Hi.?.oq_
w
1.?i A hnach es ~
B.
rnsor
ts
.
ii"(\
C.
areas
.
.rt:.r ,i)9i"\ llil:l ':)0 ~on 'l?.ll.m :o"'ow ?..\ h 1. .~'l<)\-1 9.\ inhq_n~ D . parts 1...
.i-u .t\"'3Ul 'a '" O\l.l
13. A grow ing
B . s hrink ing
C. swell ing
D. reduc ing
. '{_l) f}l '11\.0
14. A tops .
B . faces
.
C.fea ture.s
,
hang ifl!'Ys
~:turo.s gnuII.
Ri 91 uov ::i.srtw wo!!;n
f) nob 71 n'?n I .I
':)?.

'f~~.I'f'. ff.~~ .............~)~.~?. .................?.: . ~~~~~.~ ...... ;.....?:. ~.i~-~.~~

l

R Fill each of th~m wrnb .m:edrlbl.arokiKr iJ1, 9lhe o1pQS.

,'4Bge; j W!ith J Q.ri
~$uJilliibl-l!. w.ord. .. . ................... .. ........... ... ...... .... .. ........ ; . :..
............ ........ .

.2w~1rne9j offlE ~ ~ -d:(i)tfllii~:E>fl0M1D..1 8LJ:)(J]

nii;;n sdT .f.
a:~LfSi'"T y1~ t h.ink .you .h nv.e.. 01,e .of. the.. rn os.t .ev.il . comm uting
..jou.r neys .kn own
2t ()Yfflfinill':i11d? Y!0l'P tva:v ilJrf'(Jr nlih0 ~~a'. _y5~ ad
~ ;1laa alultf\Hto, or.It
You chang e train s , you fi ght ( 1) .......... ...... ..... .......
crowd s, down rltrunels
. 'il'd 1pT~ falato rs ..and. y-G U. (,'.2.), , . .. " ,, .... .... . . ..... ... ::,.::: .. at. .w od" .. crum
pled .. and
swea ty and wrun g ouf , ,, .fa .,Y.$.W.. .m.'.l. .;:1Li.rlvJe.'eili
i!rtlaf ;it1,w uoi: b!uoC). .a
3Y f~,/. ell ,..it . (4) ... , ", . ,. ,,,::.,= " .,.,. be..a, w-hole- .lot. -wor,s
e, ..(.5J ........ ,................................... .. .
a passi ng thougifu1b f"1illJ .t t1~1 1vbrsu .2Q\.. '{6)~~
?>Jnll$..Y,.l..1fmJ.~!Wgi1H!.~ 1-fu
:aoe -B'{')'"' partio1:1l a rl y . .p.)....... .............::... ::....... 01:J.t fr1 ,th,e.,
crnwds flf -blue-- suited
office work ers wli o swc1f.n,Slmt &.J c'ei~tr-tl lB flt' ll)L
"lll! ~UCth~f; u'b1fiii> (. )
n-r';F
'IT1A SI'" "I
.
'.. ~.1.. . .c.l... (. .... ... ;'/,.( :/'l11e rn1. ng,
. that
Not; that JS, ~9 ), ,:: .... ,,. '"'''', ,,," ,,.,, :YOU leaHl
not only !(l].,;@Jl$.~J."1 t:.!~-!=i..?.z:t.9.F~.i.?'.:'!P Wer ra,~l.Bfi:frOtb-fee
') ~ffl aI'.qffifrte,~ ~ h ..
"11--" P''
'g-oo
1to - Wor-k, . h ut ..h e -then - spend & ,rnoth er -three - a
n<l ,a .. quart efho urs
trav:e'l1J.fi1~JhxH -.Miaglf,if-i:!j-gfllrfaEW ')fIJ ob b[unw 21J 1o
rbB~. j.13r{j b9>1-g.s 9W .e
8i15FJT ........ :.. ..... ........ , ... .. .......... ....... ........-................
........................... .

hour

"Well, I can't (11 ) .. .................. ..... .. . that I actually enjoy my

commuting1 (1 2) ..... ....... ......... .... ... then again i'" don't feel it is time
( 13) .. ........ ...... ...... ...... ," he says . "People who go out drinking after work or
just sleep later in the morning are using their time (14) .. ...... ......... .......... .
constructiv ely -than me. It (15) ............... ......... .... me the chance to have
private time for my own thoughts, with ( 16) ........... ...... ......... ..
interruptio ns. Also, coming home in the evenings , I find that (17 )
........ ................. ... many problems there were at work during the day, 1
have always forgotten (18) .... .... .. .. .. . ,.. .... .... .. by the time I get home. It's
my way of getting (19) .............. .............. of stress. In fact, to (20)
: you .the truth, J- r.e gard myself as rather a lucky man."

C. For each of the sentences beh,,,, write a new sentence as similar

as possible in meaning to the original sentence, but using the
word given in capital letters. This word must not be altered in
any way.
1. I really d~n't know what you're talking about .
.. .... .... ~ ... ........ ..... ..,.... ..... ..... .. ..... ... ... .... .... ... ......... ...... .... .. .. .. ... .. . FAINTEST
2. Les is to blame for _the problems that he's facing .
. ......... .......... ... ..... .. .... . ...... ... ...... ... .......... ... ... .:... .. ... ............. .......... MAKING
3. The main focus of the plot is the adventures of two teenagers .
........ .......... ...... ... ....... .. ...... .... ... ....... .. ... ... .... ..... .......... .... ... ...... .. CENTRED
4. He makes sure that he isn't a,s sociated with policies he disagrees
with .
....... .... ........ ........ .... .. ... ........ .. .. ............ ........... ... ... .... ..... .. ..... ... DISTANCE S
5. Could you watch my bag whilE: 'I'm away, please?
..... .... .. ............. .... ... ... .......... .... .. ....... ... ............ - ..... .. ...... :... ...... .. ... .... . EYE
6. I am constantly amused by Rosemary's ridiculous ideas .
....... ... .... .. .. ... .... .. ..... ... .. ...... .. ..... ......... .................. ..... ... ... .. ...... ... , .. SOURCE
7. There was loud applause as he left t he stage .
..... ........................ ..... :................ ... ......... .. ..... ..... ... . ACCOMPA NIMENT
8. Mike is never reluctant to make tough decisions as a manager .
.. ... ..... .. .. ..... .. .... ... .. . . ..... .. . ..... ..... .. .. . ...... ....... ..... .... ........ .. ... .. .. ... ...SHRINKS
9. We agreed that each of us would do the washing-up on alternate days .
......... .... ...... ......... ......... ..... .. ... .. .... .. .. .. .. ...... .... ..... .. ...... ........... ....... ... TUR:t'IS
194

BiJA12

10. Don't t ell the boss anythin g about this .

.. .. .... ........ ... .. .. .. ... ........ ...... ... ........ ... ........ ... ..... ..... .. .... ........ ..... .... BREAT HE
D. Finish ea.eh of the followi ng sentenc es in such a way that it is
as similar as possibl e in meanin g to the sentenc e printed before

it.
1. Their dog ~as so fierce that nobod}' would visit tl.em .

They had ... ..... .......... ..... .. .... ............. .. ..... ....... ... ...... ... ......... ...... .... .
2. That dress has only the slightes t mark on it.
I can barely .... ...... ... .., .. ... ..... .... .... ......... : ... ..... .
,. 3. He insisted on a full apology .

Nothing but ... ... ... ...... .. .... ........ ... ... .......... ........ .. ... ..... ... ....... ... .. ....... .... .. .. .
4 . He rememb er ed, and so did she.
.
He didn't ... ... ..... ....... :..... ..... ..... ... ..... .. .. ... .:: ..... ..... ... .. .. ........ .... .... ....... .... .. .
5. My decision to get up and dance coincided with the ba nd's decision to
stop playing.
The moment ... ... .. .......... ....... ... ..... .. ... ...... ..... ...... ............. ..... ..... .. .. ...... .... .
6. The doctor advised me to rest.
The doctor suggest ed .. ..... ... .... ..... ... .. ...... .. ... ... .. ..... ..... ... ... ........... . ...... .... .
7. They had to wait for .t welve hours before their flight left.
Only after a ..... ... ..... ...... .... ... .... ...... ...... .. .. ..... .... ...... ... ... ... .. ... ... .. .... ... .. .... .
8. '.fheir teacher is making t hem study h ard .
They a re .... ...... ...... ......, ... .. ... ... ... ..... ..... ....... .......... ....... .-. ......... ... .... .......... .
9. They were just as good as we had expected.
They certa in ly lived ..., ......... ......... .... ....... ....... .. ... ...... ......... ... .... .......... .'. .. .
10. Even t hough I admire his courage , I think he is foolish .
Much ...... .. .. .. ..... .. ........ .. ... ..... ........ ...... .... ..... .... .... ... ... ...... ... .. .............. ...... .

V. COMPO SITION
Write a compos ition (from 300 to 320 words) about t h e followi ng
t opic:
S ome people believe that univer sity students should be require d
to atten d c lasses. Others believe that going to classes should be
optiona l for st udents. Which point of view do you agree w ith?
Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer.
BDA12

195

31-ITA:i.U-IH ....
. ;,,'1

:i

'.\.m\'1

.. ... . . . .

..... . ... ...... A

. . . . . .. .

..

N""""" .... -. .... .......... .

?.'i'.,}t><\~ ',e?.~ u,,m'3<:il

:h"a~r,~
.in ,nhmli. in
.~i

,Q,

-. .m,,.ft .ti2i r 1iXvl .Mc,IJXi~JH9:)19i'i ,n aBN goh , inrlT

..t

'rntU O

r.hm. S\$

S11\ -~, , 1l >p r

s,o'\"tci bi,i\ nht\ ~'.)t\'\htsi ':}111 ~1 ~i11~m9m .ni ~~16,.>.?,{H\

, PHAN Ii
1

. ............... . . . . . .... cB11

~.!~i~~i\~~f~:n~~l!t .............:. ,. ...J251~
if
-.. ~s~c . . . ~E{c ........~~:f . --i~'. t . . -~~:-.-~. . ... Jt%:A! . . ._. _)128!'0"nr JH1
1 .. D

2. D .

3. B .ji n04?1~ m

9f6/.

sriT
*..{rro ?.r.rl 7~ch b iHdT .&'
1

oloq-27.1

26. ~
25 . C
24. B
23 .D
22 . A
... . 29 , B .. ... . 30, D ...... 3.t..B .... .. 32.. C .. .. . 33 . A .. .....34 .. 0. . .

36. B

37. C
44

38. D

39. D

~ ~ H B'.)

13 .tJ

[:

J35. ~ 1i.nt0'!,1

A,q2'. !},ih 0~1:-r!} ,hs ~fiitfu~n sH

r...

.1'

- .. ~~ :_D ..... . ........ . .. .. . .'............. ............. ............. ..... :t'nb1h 91{

(8. Bakt~plvi ett,i"dau-J J rJJi N D9bb uro:., ~'.)fiBb f.::11; fll.l J:ig n.! :10i::i'.)9b '{.M .G
1. S~e was so beautiful that I coul.d.n 't take my eyes off her. '2!r.i vr:;L, auJc:

' ,
:
2. Winning that prize has gone to n1s head .
1t6f.el tfcf+I they
2
pieces

to
things
taking
loved
he
child
a
was
he
.... 3. Whan
;p,crt OJ :)f:! h:1?1--.tf;;; 1\')Jt h t.::1rr;"' _;--)
WOrked .
4 . I do wish you 'd stop biting your nails, Brian! It rep,ljy ge,t;:;1 9,n.,r;n.Y.q~rve:;;,.
1
. "" 5: .English pe9pl~ i~; ~e'n'eraraoi,'f like mal<ing):i fusif (n pub fic. : '' .. '.
li~ri'B~agfbrme,-whlfe!l gd to 't11ie, fbilet? f . 1
6 . Could y6ifkeep: an
7.. S_he's..not.r~ally _upse.t she.~ only putti ng on i3n .ac.t. ...... -~ ,.,,ji,; v!:r,J
8. We 're moving to Bristol f'\e~_t, f e,ek,~.ut. IA'..~ .pr8W! . ~Jp ~~f;~ ,[r.!Qyct.,...- , ;;,
9 You put your foot in it w n'en you asked hi'm wh ere' his 'wife\vas. Dian t you
s1:- ,;sriT
. .. .. . .. ... .. .
-realise she-was dead? ...
,., v:,r{T .r
',T,
;.;,,L
?.
f:,u03
c.s
J:T:\ef-QPW9w
g~tS.
10. I hate the winter - it real[~
T .
"
r
,
s)rg:
tp
staf1~.9.
she
when
face
straight
a
11. It was ~ard to keep
" ',2. Many huSbahdS often take ttiei rWives fonfrant.d ~ah'd vice':versa .' ,rL .
13. I happen ti:f know . hei m~ti~~e ri ofJ:tt,e,,ffrrn ,yt!5L >:vei fa~l]>liedfw .f0ri a:jo~,b can
rh.JJ .'
.
. . .
. . p~t .i.n a gq~d WOfd for you : if y~u .P.k~:. .. .... . .
4. "All t:iis took place a long , long time ago ," said the history teacher to the
.
class .
(l!lo(h),._endS
~
ake.
t'n;'i
difficulMb
ly
increasing
it
5. Many people 'lowadays find
t
.

\
'
,v,~
.
.......
. '
, rn_eet.
.
y'o'i.i1~J1'1ifa\Jo1hg' g~t to ?~' mJ51' bn'tftlJy'ne~{0~~k'.' ''

eyelonm~-

~"L [ 'GY~e'-r~t arin~\~

. ';q,,.'

17 . That wasn 't what I rneant at all ! You 've got hold of the wrong end of the

\:,s"'l:t'"\\t stick {~SUsl!l aft1-

,.~l,

,/i,

, q -~

,,,1\~-~q_1--1~J., ,\!{

'~i~''";\.

c",lZ' '-~l"J/1"~~ <;tt;t ~.

Q,:; ~, !; L, < ,t.a ,:. ,

\l?,1 ~ ~:\ Cf.31);,tgk~,,Ol/~ t(~~;J~e1p_lc! d,oeq0:J.9t?.'r.L.l,!{}1ti ~17} didn
't G.orne to light until
,19 . The fact that t~e P'resident had been ~ .qn,ig add ict
,
.,\!, 'iL: _, l~(\11
'.
.i,,;,<:,.,,~tl
\~,l'IN
lH'.)l
d~~t
atterl,is
rif
Ye'a
's'evlM~I
'~\su,
0(Jrp.e<l~~t 3't'.U
hte
20 . I may motw~~J1~sj l:fi)-. t ~ J j=JOO, b.utmh/J..o\EQ,~~t

~"<.'

I.._

21. My husband ha3 fodtl!iatl:::cl!Vtne:: brai~ ; it's the only th ing he-,thi11~~1ilo t1t,
22 . We're organising a goir1~ay.'.p arty for Sue on Saturday bBuM~ee:p itquiet
as it's supposed to t.,er-:lnmqJlG'se.
9il sitirl.w S .n
23 . If things g(5)Wt.oogi clriM.eS)AO.ilia tever you do. don 't ios6(y!dt.l.li ~Gu!d .i3
24 . More than 1,000 ruhf;jer:s rwt l<f.Jart in this yearl':!Y':Maq:Jie:stenmam!borm
25. The way he took e~e!"Jt-hif,!gl sfie did for granted really p ~thes:d!la~ 1;1p'.i 1
26 . The personnel officat':l gii>Jec(h1m) her _wo rd tliat she weuJgnit-teJi i aoy_or8l that
he had been in prison.18:sw .81:'.
rnGi B n1 .er
27 . We 'd get the job finished much qui~if im'~(y-OtieJ ~l[erH!=ais'hf.i1A'ketigt}t r-J J!
28 . If you don 't like the idea then just say ~0 . I believe you should call a spade
a spade .
.r10 r,:,tso 1ev0 ll1v,; b10:.ie1 ziiit in:11/ J nob I . i'
~9. My father's going to go up thebwa1J c.w:ljl.em~e1!firneisl ou that !ti~e:,l~s't the car
keys .
-~Jnirn,;;w r; ri;i.,.v tto Jo,J r,mr,.;,.J .f:
30 . Don't take any notice of what he says ; he's ibmly,)riyieg tm,;rn-ns;hy(UJ..: -~
C. Cac tll' lay (Alliterative Expressio:rm)Jo s rHiw IE>sb o! flo s,;-J,:r;d rr t.." ii~10 i~
1. rat r$Ceaqqonlq ~ ei2tcbric~~ 1ir!tsmoz &1!llttit?.chet.;9 uv,;:)i 4lS sh-i,p---sihap-e
5. mish-mash
6. wishy-washy Juo ~r.p.i\,t_e r~p,l:11tl3r;it l ne 43-.JZi~aa.g,
9. sob-sto ry
10. creepy-craw.h,11er1 tJ1siag-, 3 mg, J1 ; :c- : 1--2; :flip:.:flop~
13. weight-watc her
14 . hot-tie:ad. wsri .ut&,. 1titt1er~ttteci r~ urJy 16 riff2raff .e
17 . tell-tale
18 ..tops~-tUJVYc'NQ U b 0)bW:i I .8l6! eBvVti t32'UGJG8 :Jf
D. Cac thanh ngfr SU' dl!ng cac t tf'lrchi~Gmg.; v~ tr.gu~:nd zsw 2isnlii 2'bs T . r r
1. bookworm
1.3:zcat's eyes: 18ri grnUsg -; due; ;J zsrl :01s0 .:: i'
2. dog-collar
14. guiqemptg., nx-:.1bod 9rl1 !?,ni,sn e1!'; n'../v .F:r
3. puppy fat
1'5ufJdg i:m my, traoat:1a 2;:il bib { '!:;,1m w0H .- i'
4 . wolf in sheep's clotibm-g)qq1Sl ;piigeotUtiolesri10d 2.sw r1oir::;ic91q ~' >hBL .~ r
5. wolf-whistle s
.qu !i v-,d lZ:i1 nacrod2 U0\:' o.::: 9u!;:; il',frv s ed bh,o:J ?.1r:T .at
6. dog 's life
18 . monkey
.a2:;n1?-ud ot riwor; b[? ?'teJ \ r
7. stag party
Ji 1J;J t:1atJ-gBt~el erl11ud .)!.:mi elqrn12 ...; zr.;vv tl .81
8. underdog
20 . IT0umdaetU .to i2c:rr. ,o~ r:i smr:;.:i tm1c,r21sM C'.
9 . wild -goose bln:asem erH i82 :h, dtmk~.xt [tiJ qu gniwm0 fl~s 21-9yv,-s1 ,uc, .(L
10. dog-eared
22 . wormb~ow 1UO\' no ;.b;;d.0r10~ 9vr~ri uoY .1:;;
11. fly on the wall
c2-.i-.1 ,fd~ rno::, JnGJ~riO'.) 11,v'l r;J,w C,'1 luu t':1sJ i .SS
12. bird 's-eye view
24 . doggeilHo l:0rr12 JniGl .-, no ;;1sg ~:oJ , liT ..SS:
,l9Wcnt3 eJirnteb 6 ':'i 11W0b o3ili d , f\iQ ;'n h!i.;QO i Ji.;
E. 'Cac than ng[I' c6 SU' d1pig cac tll' chi ITTa!tli
th'liPc~an~. \lff1 >!rNiJ :
1. in black and white
~noi st.JsqAe JOo rrea11.Utsi ii frtbki \'.cbii cd
.ds;
2 . to catch someone red-h ande.dib en, t521u(aiv.e,getab:iebe21rno~q n1rn,:.M .'\S
3. red tape
..~19crn;ro gn:z2m1 erij 1@ s qorpit:n101 1uc oiori f no,1 eW
4. to have green fingers .9vsr!2 19rlt:Jorr03:: t'lt.re :er,eam msc, rns::in1;;:ssf1 .8 s;
5. a black sheep
24 . the salho:f Ure @arth ri m '1.10Y 0
6 . green with envy
tto t1 be!!uq cSV8 \lQ .!:-f il'll1otl". eadso, y.>lail s e.sw 1i r
7 . once in a blue moon
tun ~6:;~b.urlgt:ra.p,esJi:; yr11 t'ne en! nl $f.
8. in the red
.20~7x'.mffl11J ll..10 1i b rl i yils:1!n3,;:3 [
9. out of tie blue
% 280u ie of ~ 1.il rlguonn 9113riJ al .M:
10. red-carpet treafrt1etit srimoo 1e!aoq s ~B'l~ pie-:@Ctlftrr~ eb u::1'{ ovsH .cE
11 . a white-collar job
sno'303 ooc~rno w I .\11cw rnoO .oE

sa'crva

.,rn

c~

as:

12. a green belt

13. to see red

31 . beetroot
32. toast

14. a white lie

33. pancake

15. blue-eyed boy

16. rose-coloured spectacles
17. a red herring
18. a butter-fingers
19. in a jam
II. PHRASAL VERBS (NGU' OQNG TU')

34 . two peas in a pod

35 . hot potato
36 . hotcakes
37. sardines
38 . water

a.
1. I don 't think this record will ever. catch on .
2. A police ca r has just drawn up outside .
3. Karen got off with a warning .
. 4. What are you getting at?
5. Graham broke off to deal with a customer.
6. I have to leave early because something has come up/cropped up .
7. John doesn't feel up to going out.
8~ .You can count on f 1san for help.
9. How are you getting on in your new Job?
10. Because it was late, I ended up walking home .
11 . Ted 's illness was brought on by overwork.
12. Carol has trouble getting her ideas across.
13. We are having the bedroom done up.
14. How exactly did this situation come about?
15. Jack's predicti on was borne out by what happened.
16. This could be a vital clue so you should follow it up.
17. Let's get down to business.
18. It was a simple trick, but the te~cher fell fo.r it.
19. Margaret came in for most of the blame.
20 . Our lawyers are drawing up the agreement at the moment
21 .Youhavegonebackonyou rwo~ .
22 . I can 't put up with your constant complaining .
23 . The box gave off a faint smell of fish .
24 . I couldn 't pin Julie down to a _definite answer.
25 . : th ink my boss has it in for me.
26 . The holiday didn't live up to our expectations.
27. Martin promised to babysit but let me down .
28 . We don't hold out much hope for the missing climbers.
29. Razacream foam makes for a smoother shave.
30 . You're having me or:i!
31 . It was a risky robbery but the th ieves pulled it off
32 . In the end my ~trength just gave out.
33 . Eventu ally I had it out with my boss .
34. Is there en ough juice to go round?
35 . Have you decided to go in for the poster competition?
36. Don't wo rry . I won 't let on to anyone.

198

BDA12

37. The smell of drains put me off my breakfast

38. Ahm is a strange person . ! can 't make him out.
39 . I have to win the race if I am to live up to my reputation .
40 . Pauline hasn 't been let in on the secret.

b.
1. carried
2. down
6 . comes
7. asking
10. follow
11. playing
14. picking
15. put
18. go
19. make
21 . upon a solution
22 . across her point of
24 . through with it 25 . make up for
26 . pack it
27 . hit it
30 . puts herself out 31 . worked out
32 . set in
33 . Stick up
35 . deal w ith
36. take it out
39. stand
40 . turn

3. come
8. dropping
12. grow
16 '.)ave
20. look

-4 . add

5. get

9. bring
13. laid
17. made

23 . upon as
28 . owned up

29 . let him in

34. stand up
37 . tried it

38 . see off

c.
1. We've come up against a rather nasty problem .
2.
3.
4.

I didn 't expect to be doing so much work .

Let's get this job ovei wit11 as soon as possible.
Brenda has fallen out with her next- door neighbour.
5. I broke down when I heard the bad news.
b . Jean brought the otners round to her point of view.
7. I'll get mund to the ironing in the end.
8. Our holiday fell through .
9. Sally came up with the best solution .
10. Soon it will be lunch time.
11 . Gerry has put in for the job of financial director.
12. Our teacher held Sophia up as an example of a good student.
13. I don 't really go in for sports .
14. Anne paid Terry back for being rude to her.
15. We can put you up for a week.
16. Sally was let off with a warning because it was her first offence.
17. Sue pointed out the flaw in the plan .
18. The plain clothes policeman was given away by his boots.
19. Jiil's success can be put down to hard work .
20 . Brenda never puts her self out for anyone .
21 . Brian dces a very good imitation of the French teacher.
22 . Tina realised at once what Peter was planning to do.
23. The effect bf these pills only lasts three hours.
24 . She had a strange expression on her face .
25 . Harry swore that he would not go back on his premise.
26. This document gives details of the terms of the agreement.
27. I am only jList beginning to reali5e the full truth .

BDA12

199

28 . Sally didn 't accept Philip'.satEt:aa-mgetpr<Jlrosa1Juq anis1b to llema erfT .'iT .

29 Sue persuaded me to at:tcimttTIS3~1ay,. t'nB:) ! no,m,q egns,Ja s c-: m;IA .8:
30 . Tony took myrpt:seai~~ ~irl1,.vil et ms I li e.Jr:;1 ertH1iw ot evsrl I .er

d.
Je1::iea erH no r.i lei need j mrnfi snilusCJ .Ot
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. A
5. C
6. 8
7. D
8. A
9. D
10. Bd
Ill. INV~SiONSf~EtAO NGU') emo::i .
nwob .~
bsi"ns::i . r
a.
gni1d .e
gniqqo,b .8
gnii'l2~ .\
esmoo .a
1. Hardly/Sca~lye t 2 Und6Jl'Jt1~c1'd:umstance ni'(siq . "t
3. Littlewfu!l oT OI
4. Never/ ra1et~otna"i:t
5. Werreys(!, at
tuq .et 6 do gni,'::iiq .M
9. UnderlamdMum stances og .8 t
12 . the plane to ITED.mJ\!;r.asnooq u . f' S:
15. she seen rodoi:ttqn :=irl 2ao1os .S:~
1~ 9.0L0felfhha6\gry n1:w rlguo1rU .~S:
taken
ii tiri .\S:
20 . herha~.ecgmtS:
b.
1uo bs>l,ow . ~ .luo 1le21sd atuq Of,
1. Not until the office pti.obeatme\ilid I find GJ:.t a~t.Ofe meeting . ni tea S:
2. O rh11y Jg;ter Were all thetf.mlstm'ooe publ r:~1.0 :i o;,ist .ae
r1'.,1.11J lseb .cf,
3. Had I realise d w ha! would hc:ppen , I wouldn 'tilavel~ccepted therjeti .ec:
4 . Such was the response to our appeal that we had to take on more staff. .o
5. l'Jot only did Harry breiaRitllrtsqe(jr, E>atlaetalise ieij'ti~
smm1der'.sVV . t
6. Little did the po lice suspect ~trtlllMHeLjmlge was~ 6deqre t'nbib f .S:
7. Should you see Heler1J,i({f<lJOmQy.mJ ,as:kehm tbret11 rn1l o[ a1d1 1912 a'leJ .
8. In no way can thwbds~atter.Jbe t:il:aMed>fb:rlnkf.etaootd'~f7!t esrl sbne18 .t>
9. So heavy was the snowtall.~ratl>~ a ~ M d tui t:le1 11:rrm:~ltettnd I .c.
1o .were the governmeaM<b':r~nMe:stt.tate.s tt1e~~cru1W~thl~~lectioril
11 . No sooner had I got into the bat'brtbci'f.fito~l:il'Jlle1k1:1ot~t)b ro11)t,t1ei~d:lor . .,
12 . Such was the uncertainty that the finan cial m~9(e.1Sitelm1e~.df{fo"Sect .8
13. Seldom is the re so much rain in.Ma~d~.a 1asd erll riliw qu :~mRo '(lis2 8
14. Only when your identity has been checked .W.ltl iydorbe aUdW.~dti i1111008 .0 r
15. Hardly had th e play stmt~w~~~~lil~tl3h.\'asi~...reriiaUute .srl '{1198 t I"
16. Rarely.:ttmbt.tia ~~i~fimnts~ ads=:~~ia<$"pieenti r 1erloseJ 1uO ; r
17 . Scarcely had we arrived home when the cpol~ "cf811~d:ig y!!s91 rnob i .f. r
18. On no account are pre's'Si photngr;p~soattow:e~1~ r f ~l ~(b{'o~aphs .
backstage .
.}ieew s 1o'i qu l.!O'( h.Jq m,::, eW c r
19. Nevor., t:ieal~~aiswlrt1e-ehlin:,er:1e9$"eQn is~m ofs01fltue(p~~~1s2 .ar
20 . aarely had the trial proceecings .o~~rwlTi~ftfJttl~~dt:lge'l~$11ake.nqre. ., r
c.
.atood airl '{d '{SWS nflvig asw nsrns;:i11oq aerl1olo nislq erlT .81
1. inapprc.priate ~ too forma ~ml'eVE1;,1~aiy M'~ 'r-s<atR:5hnso ?.BeoJuz a'liiL .er
4 . inappropriate ~ too formal wfile'r(ftll<'1fig!..f8 l:ot11~1atuq 1even sbne-18 .OS:
5.inappropriate ~ 1R56)ff&rfilarwhiR1~.KlngitWWWi@RBta~om fhfs9Rfo le'Si18 . t
8. inappropriate ~ tot9f2,h~1<ai(1(8f1
QJ'tWd?}~p~~~1 s::ino ls be2ilss1 sniT .S:S
d.
.a 1uorl ee1rlf 2t2sl \flno elliq e2eri1 lo t::>:;;tle BrlT f,S:
1. had the plane taken. off, wh.e n'3::>sl ,eri n~ 1cffi~~~A~Ekn~ 112 s bsr1 erl2 .~~
3. had the train left .:3Wno,q eirl no )bsd oa.1WetrlJrR1fd9r1 !sr1t 9 '!0Wc y11sH .CS:
5. d id I know .tnemes1gs srll to am,st.e ~ J<ttte!i~l'Hp~rf rW.~ u::iob ai.iT
7. had he begun
.rltu,t 111..iT SrlJ e~ lfj 'bCB~a, Wa%"8!2'Jl xlno n1s I . , S
7 . Never had/have
8. Not otli~cdlidl S
10. No sooner had
11. you need
13. I .3tudied
14 ym.irbe:jin CS:
16. you to ask me to m arry
18. we toi ~ffer ih'er '5ie 19qthe~o,vernm ent

~ia

s:

~s:

e.

9. a pupi l at I a stud ent from

'(i0Gtr;eq9, -~ ?,n.;.1J:ti,rnsrits rn .t:

1:i. do<:ls the com pan y

.8
cdta u[ S
\'.li1ciu:Js1 r
1. lf3$ 'Fffi ffi~re3to re'&1tj)ii 1cmtgfft
s'tand?.~:an'o~((l"f1/ilef-1ing his job'f
1
3vsrnu .c
2 . The dem and for ticke ts was so
grea t that pe o~ leilleu ed nigtrtira'
IQ.\'.t'~ ~l. .e
3. Und er no circu msta nces is the
mon ey to be paid .
.0
4 . Not until tnr.ee day s had pa~~
e"d did w~ i~l:rf v:ei~ l t~ first oasi
sf>ll f, t(ia i not
.fllf.i'fi',lct,fWee'.oays late r fhl:WWe> arrrv
ed at tf.l(NirsfJo asis9
6 :, Gt.)O b G
5.'<S5cif:l~t1!"r !)ad the ~ip, 'lfelr pbrt
.i"a viole nt stor m d"e.f ~!op ed . srl
tm1f9 , .e
6. If they had carr ied 1aJ001*1~ s -tl1e
y wou ld have dls cove red lancf1SG
~er~ 1
7. Bren da had no idea wha t she
was lettin g hers elf in for.
u;n1
mi;1v .II
8. Only whe n I stop ped did I real
ise that som ethi ng was wron g .
.A
no Si t'A t nc5l ti~E: diQi tt,.~ acrn.i s~d
exP ,es re~~ tcfor v.1'10tllhe t'fa'~ Gion
e .lo .S:
yd 1
10 . The runn ers we re too exha uste
d to finish the race .
IV. PRE PG" S~IO NS (Gla telltiJ',j J
.8
bsri .t
sna g bsri .S
2FN . 1
A. Pre pos itiof fs"'a ffer

adjectit<~si~Gi6i tll' saL! tinh tul)9l

.a
gr, w.~ &~ . r- r
3. ii:ls~rr@!:l .fly

1. cap atile !of -~t

?.EN,

4.1 fa?l~ ~~a le!lo r

7. di~ l.lali f~tl from 8. ~lf>~rtiaP
11 . dism 4tt~ ~ by bsvfQ 0ru~ltijf ., t

5. addictecif;ffo cl i

6 . jea ~s {f1
bsr(!):;e:1\fiare Bt
13. noto riou s for
14. ang ry with
15. sym path etic to 16. e~i tlle! fot
.!!l
17 . clev er with
18. sens itive to
19. envi ous of
20 . quic k at
.A
21 . acco mpa nied by 22 . de~ -i~
,) . 23 . fam ous f.Gr
/}24. peculTar ,,o
25 . aller gic to
26 : surp rised at
27 . ahe ad of
28 . face d with .8
29 . fortu n1t~ in
f.
dest eiild ed fr8rrf31 . exem p't ffum
:)Jt wort tl~ dl
B. Pre pos ition s afte r vt :bs (Gi6'i
tll' sau d{>ng tll')
rtailen:'..: lo eeU .VI
1. hea r abo ut
2. vote aga inst
3. arriv ed at
.A
A4 .edis ting 6 ish betw ee rf:l 5. pr?y
-fbr
G P.
60d ~d from \ ~
8 . i'
7 . suffeFe ~ from A .H 8 . e~p~~ime
ntl 0111with
8
8 .01
0
9 . losin g at
10. com plain ed to
11
.
corr
espo
nds
to
J:J
12. belo ngs to
13. Fl'l ~~ with
1gdrnt:41_~oc king at b1sW101 ~
15 . apologisecNfbf i!;:is' no~;qle a"l.f
e/~r ~lea vlfij!fdtJe ~m
blu Jo\1r1gim\'(Grr1 J ..
C. Prep.osit iortsi l!ffo r nou ns (Gi6'ilttl,1
Cs~'tt\cllintlifij,)?. f10~J ~
!~lFVitiu:)\WO'l(l . \
1. choi ce 19&twe'en 2 . oppuSrfePofjOd
\b'3!J ::Jgaffi~91~\Ji -aga inst
i!Wq e Ot
4. obje cfiWJtd3 t
5. trou ble IJ).]ffi Gu!ic:., L
'@.Y~G-s~<lir. 1> ~
1ot .Si
7 . know ledg e of
8. free ~6rt tifr& ii
9. cdfitroP.over 1'
TO i3 t
10. crue ltl to
11. strai n on
12. fall in
.
.0
13. gen'ilfsQ:!lld ot !h~~r1~'slff~ f391J
rli ti (1 6!::'g~ud~' ag~rnsf iH,l;)\&@ws3
fcf

mrih'lmHtetJ'+n os:

.cso.

.e

xes rl::l H ! ni6 .! ~no! ,e[i r11:h gn:xssq2

e.cw eii2
.22r ;', ls rniri y1:,iq UO'( Ti 9201
ot bnuGd 8,S UOY
.sa~::,,b bri,,, .>ili-,rb reewtsd ~02hGqm
o::i on a, "nsr!T
PHAN2n :..10'( 02 bsib l'nos rl sna rl2.iw
I

PR AC T1~ ~91 "H 10l

1. Voc abu lary

A.

[l~bd f

B
l...1 l:_C 1~

1W&

3. c IT A
13. B

PRACTICEJTE'&JiS:! 1egn it s bellii ybod

o~ o. inerric,m EHH k 11Jq 8 ed1 no beb iJeb o~1
,NV
.si s uoy 2s lsoi~os!q oa\a s isen ei eriw
on rn 'I
.eonsemq i{rn ni rifu11 eri/ beHirnbG eh

~-~5~ ~ @.ttl1q :iprttr09

.r

S
.
t'

.c
,
.8

~~~~-1 ~_ap,; 1q[ EJ

J3 !1@'EL0j 5~~ ,~~ TIJ ~A9/1i1~~~ :;

II~. >

.e

2~

B.

6. breakthroughs

5. unravel
9. awes ome

10. discl ose

1. Mark
5. docto r, a
9. retired , he
13. "Roget's

2 . Thes auru s'

6. edito r, who
10. '1
14 . '1

c.

"

3. math emat ician s 4 . repea tedly

2 . justic e

1. regul arity

7. meteorology

B. spectacular

3. its
7. Lond on 's

4.

8. ches sboa rd .
12. 'thes auru s'

11 . (the word
15. and witho ut

II. Gram mar

'

A.
2. of

1. by

3.for

B.
1. was
5. was
9.' had heard
13. turne d
17. had snow ed

4 . to

5. by

6. on

8. to

7. for

3. had clear ed
7. starte d
11 . was movi ng
15. was
19. had walke d

2 . had gone
6. feil
10. looke d
14. could
18. was

9. of

100 on

4 . were looking
8. was
12 . raced
16 . saw
20 . was looki ng

l!I. Reading

A.
- 1. D

2. A

3. A

4. C

5. B

1. E

2. C

3. H

4. B

5. G

6. A

7. D

3. D
11 . C

4. D
12. A

5. A

6. C
14. A

7. B
15. C

B.
IV. Use of Engl ish

A.
1. B
9. D

2.A
10. B

B.
1. forwa rd
4 . may/ migh t/cou ld
7. grow /culti vate
10. spen t
13 . for
16. of

C.

13. D

8. A

3. have
occu patio n/act ivity
6.
tisfy
lfil/sa
5 meet /fu
9. that
nt
ccou
tion/a
idera
8. cons
12 . so
11 . likely /expe cted/ boun d/sur e
15. best
14. built/ locat ed/situated18. in/ by
17. prese nt

2. numb er

a singly diffic ult to brea the.

1. The accid ent victim was findin g it incre

chee k .
her
in
e
2. She was spea king with her tongu
s.
c:,1-.,"ls
at
him
3. You are boun d to lose if you play
and chee se .
4 . Ther e is nc comp ariso n betw een chalk
.
g
youn
so
5. I wish she hadn 't died
6 . Nobo dy lifted a finge r to help me .
to go away for the week end .
7. We decid ed on the spur of the mom ent

are.
8. I'm nowh ere near as/so pract ical as you
.
9. He admi tted the truth in my prese nce
ice.
p'ract
into
plan
the
put
to
ely
unlik
is
10. He
pract ice .
into
It is unlik ely that he will put the plan

202

BDA 12

D.

1. The president is said to have wanted to be a fi!m star.

2. Should there be a fire , please do not use the lift.
3. He can 't have been found in that jungle .
4 . What I am very much looking forward to is seeing my great
grandson tor the
first time .
5. Only by operating immediately can we save your eyesight.
6. If he hadn't been late for work every morning , he wouldn 't have
lost his job.
7. The exhibition has not been so well attended this year.
8. It's not the job I'm interested in ; it's the people .
9. The excuse for the declaration of war was the defence of their territoria
l rights.
10. Johnny Brax is a careful driver on public road but a terror on
the racetrack .
V. Compo sition
Bai vi~t gQ'i y:
Whatever one does, one should do it with ccnfidence .
If one had no
confidence , there is little possibility that one would ever achieve
anything . This truth
seems to be self-evident, espc.Gially for those who are faced
with drawba cks or
hardsh ips . For those people , confidence keeps their spirits up
whene ver times or
things are hard for them .
However, in reality we do see a lot of people who complain that
their difficulties
are too great to overcome . For some, this might be true , but
for many oth~rs , this
only shows that they lack confidence . There are two main
reasons why those
people often feel frtJstrated ~veri tl1ough they are capable of doing
someth ing . First,
tr.ey do not have a correct estim ate of themselves , and second
, they overestimate
the difficulties.
It 'is possible to build up confi dence in oneself by having
the right attitude
toward one 's own abilities . We sh ould never undere stimate our
abilities but .should
believe in the proverb : "Where there is a will, there is a way
." Confidence is the
premise for fulfilling a task successfully .
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ z:c,,. _ _ _ _ _ __

PRACT ICE TEST 2

I. Vocab ulary

A.

u~1=E2~ ~3 c
8

B.

c.

~4DA

~5

8
D

1. in tensifies
5. comfortab ly
9. rivalry
13. admiration

2. ensure
6. toughness
10. painful
14. recognition

3. strength
7. in te rruption
11 . unresolved
15. assertive

4. injury/injuries
8. childi sh
12. competition

1. collecting
5. case
9. v1 0. more
13. Later

2. v
6. had
11 . collectors
14. sent

3. purposes
7. made
12. promisi ng
15. botanist

4. '1
8. seeing

BDA1 2

16.'1

203

II. Gra mmar

A.

1. about

.a
.,6!8 ,11!i't s $d c,J be1nS\N svsrl oJ b1E2 2i tn9bie91q eriT . 1

2. withf1ii G:'IJ' G8!J !Onl '.Lfro~ 1JQ ,mir G9(4~

i O! i~OO'ut

3i( 1t:[$ ~ ;.iitfi1 b'.;uol nJsd ~.\'t!llri J'ns~O:!}tb

7. at
6. from
t>
B rtt 1ot no2bns1g tsc:1g l(m Qrn9(h?. ~:i C'i b1sw1r.;t l:;ni~1ool rburn ,1K;v rns I 1sri\/\/
e:nilrlg11r
en
4.
3. hardenin g
2. hardened
1. vanished
1
5. to be flawed .trl~i~ 1amazW1@V;;.:. '::v'I nFr; a'.rtlele'tfl "t~ gni!B <WiH ~~ ~el5]'eted
i''lbs ri ~;rt 1! .J
gT:J~)(j
fd~
~oo'raAfe
.c'g~:. at alWays3fre'1Ng!tffse'cwerea 1mu;t'1 '(ISIIQJ.
. e sriT .)
noi!idin
,,i
Jon~
n0'-7Cl
cia
!;,,:;,i,
bs-bnf.1lis
;),11
.1S9'{
ill. Reading
tr , <!'tl .8
sru
dot
m'i
i
uslz9191n
:rn
:di
edt
s:qosq
A.
eriT .G!
1
02l;:))(3
.101
eril
b
OoiJ<,1sbG
1SW50
@W
eriif.
O}\'.,,:!:l18b
O
1ier/3f.
.i
'
1l,
)i
1.:?0 IQii 8liQ
.0 i'
\r1nrloL
xs18
21
G
lu',~Y1s::i
19v;,b
n~,
::>ilduq
bso1
l"id
t.;
1sl
10:
no
ant
1JeoG1
s ):,s
i101ti3oqmc1:J .
6. A
5. B
4. C
3. E
2. G
1. D
:~ ivg 12 111 is8
IV. Use of English
1,;vsleriW
sno
,2801)
0no
~ f1 bzri eno 11 .e::insb;tn o:, rii,w ti ob biuor!,;
::nn8bAYJ::fiJ,:7\iJ
2.
W'i
B
q
Qtilid:?.?6
H,5)
rlhn1.~:srr. r~1112N!1B e,.._ .' :& 91'e b: 4 ,.1A:'rio
of zrnEi9c
@id
-1*&1.4':1GJiV0
f:3,KJ2.9
t~1
10 ,9/.J@d .vs:b1dtiG be.:lt,'1. ;LX :;; e:dw $29d 10t
1
2L115n
.2q1r
,o:i
92cirit
,A!qoeq
.w
0::.n,1bilr
2qee>i
;1srl1
BI 2ernit 1sveneri1.iv q.J ,c:i,~2
?.i;,niri,
mys!3lfi
.
0
.Y,8
ntly
1. can/usua lly/often/ sometim es/freque
ze1J 3J.:Js~P 1srt 1Gn1 nisl41n:test-itifrti0r.q osq b S.oA!tli!:lttgb ~ '2w yti6Ka ,i .1e'J::1woH
:3b
2!rlJ 7~g-mfl:'er-ed7gsih~dfgcc;:fi.!ii(~d'/aa<t'Wlil!Jla'fed 8rT10?. 10=1 ,m10::nSi.vapp1y se1Q O.Ji
\'.!:'10
worle
w.lll~m
v:.1r2.
.>bs!
l
nifi.'1.G:fl!J:a
.$:t
e1::Hff
e1E::
h-ad
n:E1r(i).
e.r:o,!t,s1
tJecel rij1m:I
sJ(~osq
!.e-11 ~3 ~ ritn'i~r.tadJ!(da;IP1ted/frtO~:J :i:s 1(-:l rit r1~ ~ ~rfl~,ve bel61t2u~1 l991 ;-;ei'to
yeH
soo
Neec!Jes
S.
~1s1'1115?~mvrding1sufppt1JH'1~ l::ir1;; 2svlew1-31H 10 r1!sr.1 i:,:!s !~e,,c:::t
erlt
:.e.vijn1
.cQ-Oj
19. deserves /merits
17. evidence /proof 18. Anyone
ii
ei
!:iiclie2Dq
01
bliud
qu
~i
;.;:)n9hi1no
n\
e t'l uiilif ;rlt)il sn1 P.n ivon \d t:s2'.:1no
t.:J!Uv1'i.:A'fr~nl pr,M"efa1M~.self3mflh-~ab+lfty t6l'Sl~'E~c3l<i-~lailigu age~do ;;WO 2 enn b1i:i'NC',1
G't:3:lsd
sri1 2;,i r-terP3~0 ri~ lf tef'..aVdf~rfk whir~ 1:l'\itv'gettifig31t~'d~ 1sriVV d1f>-1010 era ri:
9<'irncy:q
1'.)1
il!i'riu't
gn
F-:
>l28J
t'J:,i;~
.~~~J'E!i:le
what
for
3. You shouldn 't blame yourself
4. She wants to dis.tan~ah.er.sellfrnmJhe' sc;;ao.da.l~1.ts.e.dJ:>y__ber husband's remark.
5. Danielle Steel 's latest novel lends itself to being ma9e into a film .
6. He has dedicate d himself to raising the standard of living Mllfe:lr:foij tT;:">AHC!
'(H.i!.ldE.:>rN .I
7. He resigned himself to spending the evening en his own.
1

-m,

bp~t w_hetb~r_91.nQtY..9..!J__suQPort_the.
.11~~-<;LtQ.~Qmrnityourself D..OYI ~_
, _____ _,__,X_r;,__u_gQ_TlL
" ~
8 - ' C l 1 8 ~ 1 :l ~
J
' 8 1 ' ,
<] (\' m ..c.. ' '
1

;~tih~~~,Y~i
r

~r

~~~~)ge;w;sfhet~g_t ~-- ~r -:

~ il.~j ~~
L~.i ~~i;;~ it'~cr~ b~Q~
.8
10. She couldn 't trust herself not to eat the bar of chocolat e .
t'
.
n
2~iti2rislr
~
s1u2ne
,
rlJQi'lmlc: .[
D. 2.eilu[nt\'(lULill .~
1. She dertgr.atu lated rrre)~ t.passing my drivirag ,t e~1.s.a:i cjilickly .y1dn11otrno:.) .c
y1!svh c:
2.rNwe b-efora have bsee-an:tectipse of the sum;sq .or
s .E: 1
noi1.,:rnb
;.r
.
,sitgatier.i
ng
cfti'pressi
st
is!.ik:Je1am
yed
3. Being unemplo
.
prison
to
go
would
you
,
this
doing
caught
get
4 . Were you to
5. However clever he may-:.ee ~1t::ct~rtt think he'll solve 't his problell['.niJ::iello::i . r
6 . He is tti0uhtlf o have been t:targefed to succeed th~:pf.esident. . eas::i .c
of
7. It was fa ulty building~ olikrttl'at cii'used thetJ:~rr.rgi t0 collapse ttlte cfolfapge
.d
,ets_!
.ii-I
inaa
fe1nslod 2 t
the build ing iH

.o

B. By the time.Jttf.ey reach an agre"ement.

it will be toodate.
rn .(3
9. It wass rtha !'lack of medical r facil
ities that !'Dau ~d the dec:1th ob ro
any
people ./ma ny peop le to die,iJl .~ ~
', ~'
rhua .U
10. Despite his failing eyesight, he man
aged to com plete the scul pt~ nm1>,0
.II
V. Composition
.A
Bai vi(;t g"i;>'i y ~ rli f\
8!1) [
I:,
8(!J 1
AR.fM port arit .oal of educatic.\n.t:i s to learri abou S:
t
your
s~lf.
Onc
en~t
ll.il are
sepa rgte1:f fromJyO'tJ r pare nts , youi ~r~
i'on your own . Y@h ~re forced to dea1
with
all
differhtC~md s f >f 'ifeople and issu~~
fy OU make an qrfvesfment in your
self
and
in
you /:?fUtu''r~.
$ . f:.S
s .t:~
eli! .S:.S
s
.
t
S:
I can unde rstan d why some people
.would thirntdtha ~ a colle ge or t'.ihiv
ersity
educ ation shou [d be avai lable .only
good students .. High er educ ation is
veij
expe nsive. ff1ffli~h tsee m like%f1Wa
%} of money ti\Wse!A~ Som eone to !'l361f
e'ge~who
rnight not be V81 ef' to handle 1th1?<
cotir se work . Hi~Het ~duc ation is'i"a
lse big
inve stme nt 6'ffim ~.i'M aybe it wt:!Eilli' ma'k
e more senseCf~r a rmed iocre?stl ,a e'f-i't
t8 use
.that time getting a job and sffi'ft,ng!t
& earn mon ey.ii"~ . ther e a?-e::tfade
'sclilo'ol s for
students .who are not acad emic ally inclin
ed . Here they can learn a trade?l~~l:f,~>
~ay
to earn living . Why should they go
to college or university? Besides, if
th~ go ,tf,
college and fa il. this will d iscourag'e l
hem an'd rn ake thertl f~el infe'ilio~.
l_, r
I don 't ag ree w ith this pos ition . I th ink
a college or un ivers ity educ ation shou
~
be available to all stud~ nfs . I thi~k ver
y sfo dent should1 h-fuve th e! ot,po rtur
ittlto
at
least try his hand at college classes.
Yes, highar education is ~ perH~~1W,
MP it Ys
worth it. Yes , high er educ ation is
a big inve stme nt of time , but it is
a val uabfe
inv~stm ent. lf' a' student fif.l ds ou fh
or sh ~ cSn't hand1&1ttfo wor~~ tMer e's
p~e ~ty of
time after th'ef- io go fo trfude s'ch6ol
or ffri d':::a job . Faili ng: at c6't1ige ; or
uriiv@rsity
migh t be hard on a stud ent' s self- im3g
e , but learn ing how to handle failure
the lfu.Ya 1i sso11-s'.~of'l ife
is one~
f1S'7JiiH .(:
!:I s.
;E;.) '\ , T t
I thirff (li~~ w stud ent sholffd bJ give
n a chan ce t5i s~ e how far sh e 1'caR
go.
Stude~'t's\vh8 'we ~ at med iocre gFacf~s
in se con darf ~cho ol migh t do verfw~li
in a
different envi ronme ri'i '-l eoi1ege fa.''fncfri
than j6sfg dirig ~td}t lass. ltfs'ai ffrflel
,nee t
different peop le, sepa rate from parer
i=t$,
begin to def1neryouPs~lf1Hi'cl'cp
:
el%o
h
.'Fth

ini-:
that 's an expe rienc
..'r,f'"S1,0,au
,- Id h
e every stud e'n
~.~,-,c,,q
ave
"""''"
., "he"
""""''
,,, ' Ot
~

to

to'

.0

1. out

2. with

3. do

.~

5. in
9. or

13. such

8. of
12 . the

6. but
10. are

7. ,J

14. ~

15. kind

2. a
7. a
12 . 0
17. the
22 . the
27. the

3. the
13. the
18 . the
23 . a

1'4. 0

2. listens
6 . fails
10. do
14. takes

3. finishes
7. occur
11 . arises
15 . speaks

4. starts
8. have
12. usei;

11 . ,J

II. Gram mar

A.
1. the
6 . the
11 . the
16. the
21 . a
26 . 0

B.
1. meets
5. cause
9. identifies
13. prono unces
Ill. Reading

A.
1. D

2. B

B.

2. D
1. E
IV. Use of English

A.
1. A
9. D

2. B
10. A

8. a

19. 0
24 . a

3. B

4. A

5. D

3. F

4.A

5. G

6. C

3. D
11. C

4. C
12 . C

5. A
13. D

6. B
14 . B

B.
2. In
1. may/ can
7. to
6 . are
11 . like
10 . such
15. Exam ples
14. memb ers
17 . mann er/w ay/fa shion
19. hande d/pas sed

c.

4. the
9. 0

5. 0
10.0
15. 0
20 . the
25 . the

7. A
15. C

8. B

5. best
4. as
3. written
9. breaking
8. found
13. code/ mode
12 . a
16. one/y ou/pe ople
18 . part
20 . one

on her for not having a

1 Ann was afra id the neigh bours would look down
washi ng mach ine .
at her for not having a
Ann was afraid the neigh bours look down their noses
washi ng mach ine .
passed the exam .
2. 1f only you had made an effort, you might have
have passe d the exam.
might
you
,
effort
r
greate
If only you had made a
might have passe d the
If only you had put more effort into your work . you
exam .
3. Would /Do you mind opening -the door for me?
4. Why not tell him the truth and get it ove r with?
with?
Why not tell hirn the truth and get it over and done
chest?
your
off
Why not tell him the truth and get it
5. The chi ldren kept (on) asking (us) for sweets .

206

BDA 12

6. It is out of the question (for me) to have/ get supper ready by eight o'clock.
There is no question of supper being ready by eight o'clock.
7. I do not/ cannot see any advantage/point/sense in further discussion .
I (can) see no advantage/point/sense in further discussion .
As far as I can see, thee is no advantage/point/sense in further discussion .
As I see it, there is no advantage/point/sense in further discussion .
8. Please make allowances for Jane's poor typing : she 's only been learning for
a month .
9. Contrary to the appearance/its harmless appearance, the dog was. in fact ,
quite dangerous.:
Although the dog appeared quite harmless, it was, on the contrary , quite
dangerous .
10. If Smith hadn 't broken his leg , he would have represented England to play
football .

D.
1. Despite the fad that it rained torrentially all day , we all enjoyed the excursion .
D~spite the tor~ential rain all day, we all enjoyed the excursion .
2. On no account is the manager to be disturbed .
On no account must/shoJld the manager be disturbed.
3_Unless we hear from you in seven days, the order will be cancelled.
4. Friendly as/though he may seem , he's not to be trusted .
5. But for your generous Gontribution , we couldn 't continue our work .
6. He apologised for not ringing (having rung) to say he'd be late.
7. Tired though/as he was, he agreed to play tennis,
8. I didn 't realise the extend to which he was influenced by his brother.
9. He denied telling (having told) anyone about my/our scheme .
10. You oughtn 't to have scared your mother like that.
V. Composition

Bai vi~t gQ'i y:

Throughout my life , I have been l ucky enough to have a very good relationship
with my parents They have supported me, given me necessary criticism , and
. taught me a great deal about how to live my life . Parents can . be very important
teachers in our lives; however, they are not always the best teachers .
Parents may be too close to their ch1id ren emotionally . Sometimes they can
only see their children through the eyes of a protector. For example , they may limit
a child 's freedom in the name of safety . A teacher might see a trip to a big :::ity as a
valuable new experience. However, it might seem too dangerous to a parent.
Another problem is that parents may expect their children 's interests to be
simi lar to their own . They can 't seem to separate from their children in th_eir mind . If
they love science , they may try to force their child to love science too. But what if
their child' s true love ;s art. or writing , or car repai r?
Parents are usually eager to pass on their valu es to their :::hildren. But sh ould
chi ld ren always believe what their parents do? Maybe different generations need
different ways of thinking . When children are young , they believe that their parents
are always right. But when they get older, they realize there are 6ther views.
Sometimes parents, especially older ones. can 't keep up with rapid social or

BDA12

207

rl h_-as efriem'dlpnot2al.l, p<titt,~el1t.1 ~ lls .&i nd

tec~g:idatgich?ilgess1Aei s ~ ~
backgrounds at satw-J'~if:inft.J tflat:hi ~rpadmt~cfmv'I~: natr~Ep" cr1~~n~ rs-t1.;dent

who !ovggm0mpmtmum'aLt tiriJ(!J11hs tiellfY,~Rtsiidm]tt~eellY~rnle.~s.taruborci.alueithe

dig ital revolution . So~imeB:) ~idsliii.ave <to rfin<'lttheq\~rwa~ le>."Wt~ ~ ) l;)elieve
in ,noi2au.Jaib 1srlr1ur ni s2ne2\Jri1c,q\eQE1nsvbs on 2i e9rlt ,Gs2 ns::i l as 1st 2A
The mO'Sli,rinpnrlarnirthir;ig:t@.Jeaaze.;<l:5'.;1Mr@ttw.iv ett bav:-e ~mlY,it~cilet~ in our
1We~n(i)W:par.-ernis;,:1eactifilS:; oynct;eaobetpPleam UiSl ~ou1c:Pee.1s eaGbEUS~ Bcy,'Oks
and newspapers and television also teach us . All of them are valuabl.e!Jnorn s
)Dsl ni .2sw gob erlt ,e'.'>:1s1ssqqs c;:?el e.ns rl ,Jl\s'.'>n:-31s,Jqgs srH o! yi<>,ino0 8
zumsgnsb s.tiup
!P.RJ.liCT1Cfi1lESll1!4 no .er,w ti ,a2s!m1srl &1iup be,s::-qqs gcb srlt rtguori!IA
.aumegnsb
I. Vocabulary
'A-'itQ oj bnE:IRn.=3 beine2:;;1qs1 m1i:::rl b!uow ed . ei 2ir1 ne>lmd t r.bsrl ,tim2 ti Ot

J
Biac M2~- J~3AjJ~~realdls11b -.Jlol-~a?sHtj~o.' ~~c~
.r
EJ'! 01c1uoxs s J 5,!otne It ew ,ys 1s ylls1rmrnot bsnis1 Ji lsiit List erH stiqzeO
1. retired .nOiB1U'.JXe'z .9ttti i\:tt!loijf\!fally 9W 3'..'2lif<Y'Yel'ylSiln,:l~ i~ .ani)ai~t
6. presid~iJy;t2.ib ati ; ;ta~slITT!Ht!'.#12i 16.u~IW@ on no .S:
5. marriages
.t@l.'..bb~1Jiail:1tt)t;snsrr~ 9.h~!ery12\Jcu111 Jffi.irs1~csn nO
9. subconscious
13. imp~~ ~:i ed ii.iv ilf]@~~j ,c\'.Sb r1:&~f<!!etstaffdalbi~B)i3~1f.it?mll($ri.v .
:,sl?.ui! 'cld et ton ,:;'9,-: .rnssz ysm \:ri .-1guo1~J\2;, ,1t,neh1 .~
c.
1. -.j -~ IOW 1UO S.i.Q]ife . !'nb!UGJ 3'i/ ,rgii~r~<i:"e!/?CJ 2i.:01en 9P. \Lio' iOf tlJ8 .c
5. airlines . .:3!Gi Bd i6f> 96ffi'<Seff?Qi1Ul gniVp lf gnigrii1 Jon 10t igt;,~is{Jl~cfeS~ .e
10. livin'!:11 1 8k.1 ol b~'.lf'fl.,::'t erl .es\/lJ erl c\1'210 tt:e1r-i .bsniT .\
9. rewarding :
13. all.l9fi1md ?.HI yc.l1 ~?3ft5ui'}ri' es 1N fJ1i rtr&.i \sa'Wt ~ ')xs eil e2i!se1 /'rib1b 1 8
erneri.Jc 1uo\yrr'. lu0d1:, "1'10'{:IS (biol gn:vsri) gnillst bein9b eH e
II. Grammar
.tf,1IJ ~)~d 1:;.;rHom n:o'{ bsis::iz evBri oi f'nJriguo uo ( C~
A.
4. act'@ciJffl(fbl'!OJ .'I
3. accused of
2. speci alise s in
1. insists on
8. gn.i~bl~a6tYJtS8
7. tastes of
6 . translated into
5. abide by
qi ~-~99 te1;.idet;1caJ) a~g,q t Wvgl~~l v.r~thore i'h~) r;~J4f.EJlde(iJ ,leYi! \~n GQ~!RkQ01rlT
vrll:. 1i3,,~fYiilil~ OY,e.fz9~9 i\4s /:lOl1frne@t0,,rn bslQ>lf~:fJ:iirJv[Qmynri1f 6.J},(j)l~ .nt9m rlJW
:13~noqrni x1ev sd ns'.) elnsisCJ .e'i! '(l' ':W:i uJ won Juods iss Jsff,g r- ;;rn Jrigue;!
1. have YQ\:!1Qa~0sGGlt19J Hdt ,i.'\'. 1:,w1is J'.";fi g, 'l}f.l)~ S;8ptjo.9m -~ ,bi:q~~g~ 21eri:)set
~ - , , ,-,
-. 1~'!\'.es~l11Q.Viq9. ~; ._,5. 'r,~Jo~ip g,,,,t'>') f?,~ f~ il~,d '"'Cl. "''"'' r- , ,
In ,,, 1 ,I/ . cr:.,,..,,. ,j:;fJ1r "''.Jtu! .. ,, .,-..ll,, 1, 1~:TI" ,_,, tk, J J ,, .. , :-.1 ,, ... ,,, G.,fl::tdS'-i
frn,I

Qn~'fJ1;ltP~f2.rn~,Xa~9.S ~~IJi,~0sio1q

s_'- 25\'.9

srii riguo1rH n,,} n:j..) 1:;i't Gee

1lno

. ve v.or;ie . , ri
.,,
~ M ~') e"' -n
!IPl(e .1,.111pc:1c ed,
"' <,1 1, 1 H~-' "' ~r < __ - .,wJ

,,1::, 8-llJ 11 rnJ[1;""1~11 C 011 J b

~.,'d.oc. ~
" ;-. vJI,., t": ..J i,;,:, !..) ;11J ~' :1".:.G -J i/i.]i.11 :~ :~)~~l.
11
,-,,.:,,, .J ,,_ d '
o,nc,:~c,-v~
/p,<10,L''-'
1;
\c;n'Lf'->
.-:,1,-:,
-y,
.,-J
r
:0,1r1~.,,ir,b
'-: "(
'M:eaii1IJ.!:ln
...,~-...::1:r.:.. .. 1.....,',,.J 1, .. .,,.t.,e, , t-; 1,.1,1....,1,,. ,-v r, ~ .. ,. , ... ,,'""'\..!a,~v1r~1:5t0?.:.....,.SJ
____
~lTI::; 1...,\.;,_,

A
_. : et

"'1c019Jni ~,:s;tii 'ri ~ i'311: ;:laq;r, '{GIT ,::in~ Gq 1s1J z,. r,eldc;q 1s"tor./\
:~. bl 1~ ~,.ri! n~r-S10h;t'.) r's 1,1 rr1,)1t _eic b,t~k! oJ ~rs'ae Jnn::, '{9tlT .nwo 1isn: 01 i.s'?rn1~
1
e;:;.:,:{t!,O/ ~!m: 1 f 't $i;i1C'. Q.} '(1J '{t'l ld 8rit .~::ine1::;G '9VCI \/9r1J
1 .L~'l C~c
4
11

.v'i .if

~ J''" , _:>. .~_, . ~- .1orjf

~.-, ()I :;,
\il."V'
'"'
., t...,, .;.,,
..., c
.. , 1"
"'- .,,, ..~.11,.,
1,9.~J 1-.0 2:.0:Gq or 1a12sc, y.lt~ue., e1s 2.'.n"::1Bc:j
it lf1'\ 3' ct3i_~,cJ -f 'rY,lib n1\1b!,rj:;
,j~\91 j 2~ .:,,ts;,~!? J tl. ;n~_1,:i j ibd ';O{S.,l '
,dn:nt 1'ci vF.~ ;r:i;l'.'b
21rnct3'i5~1'7r11 11'ti1 t e113 i {c' 1 ;_.J1;101 'i n .::nt.11 ~-: rl erlV\i
1
l ~;,Azysw,.; ::ns
1 ne, w
.. P -e'f'J :s'l!o f,, J:; s1e:H .;:1::;?i.,i:n ','.ErlJ , ,~c!o J,:," -~ ii;1::io~ b1qs i rHiw qu Q8s~' rns:i .2c1no 1sb10 y!I B10:;iq,]9 ,2ine1sq 2smitnrno2

~v u

tE

A' ) ~e:i'!CJ

, 1.:::r:
'~

JJ9,~~.i:; . s!!

')1 :;

-,i.JIS\i

t i J:'8'e,57:.
2,

~m

Yu8

c.

1. at
6 . anotht;r
11. infancy
16. form

2. far
7. these
12. birth
17. other

3. able
-8. :ts
13. fed
18. only

4 . unless
9. fact
14. to
19. control

:.. close
10. develop
15 . kind/sorti t:;pe
20. themselves/it

1. As long as you obey the regulations , you will not be permitted to fish in th is
rive;,
2. Provided you take the necessa ry precautions, you shou ldn 't have any health
problems.
..

3. Don 't be late for the meeting , otherwis8 he' ll give you the sack I
4. Were we to take effective action now , w& could still save the rainforests .
5. Should you refuse to co-operate , they would expel you immed iately from the
country .
6. But fo r the minister's insistence, the ban on hunting would not have bee r.
imposed .
7. Abrams w ill stand trial murder at the High Court next week .
8. Their marriage hac; stood the test of time .
9. How do our sa les stand in relation to those of other firms?
10 . He stands little cha nce of winning the compe t1t1on

D.
1. This is the first time that my brother has flown so!o in a glider.
2. This w ill be the la st time we see each other befor2 I go.
3. By the ti r,1e he got to the station , the train had leit.
4 . It is ten >ears since th!3 school was founde d
5. Tha house !ooks better now that it has been repa inted.
6 . It was six months since she had had a relap se
7. The less money we spend , the better
8. As a result of bad teaching I made slow prog ress
9. ~ 1eetfoot is the fastest runner in the world .
10 But for Jim 's greater speed John would have wo1 the gold medal.
V. Composition
Bai vi~t gQ'i y:
New factories often bring many goorl things to a commu nity , such as jobs are
increased prosperity . However. in my opinion . the be nefits. of having a factory are
outweighed by the risks . That is why I oppose the plan to build a factory nea r my
community .
I believe that th is city would be harmed by a large factory . In particular, a
factory w ould destroy the quality of the ai r and water in town . Factorie s bring smog
and pollution . In the long run , the er,vironment will be hurt and people 's health w ill
be affected . Having a factory is not worth that risk .
Of cou rse . more Jot;,s will be created by the factory. Our population win grow.
To accommodate mo re wo rkers , more homes and stores wil l be needed . Do we
really want tl'l is much growth , so fast? Your to~n is going to grow. i would prefer
slow growth with good planning . I don 't w,:rnt to s.ee rows of cheaply con structed
townhouses Ou r quality of life must be ccnsidered .

BD,112

209

I believe that this growth will change our city too much. I love my hometown
because it is a safe, small town . It is also easy to -travel here . If we must expand to
hold new citizens, the small-town feel will be gone . I wouid miss that greatly .
A factory-would be nelpful in some ways. However, I feel that the dangers are
greater than the benefits. I canciot support a plan to build a factory here , and hope
that others feel the same way.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ .16~

PRACTICE TEST 5
I. Vocabulary

A.
1. 8
11 . B

2. 0
12. A

3. A
13. C

4. 0
14. A

5. C
15. 0

6. 8
16.A

7. A
17. D

8. C

9. 0
10. 0
18. A- - '19.
A
20
.C
- ----'- - - - - '

B.

1. invariably
5. retailers
9. criticism(s)

2. pressure
6. centrally
10. efficiency

3: excessive
7. illogical

4. essential
8. unavoidable

c.
1. to~ for
3. a same ~ the same
5. many a ~ sjch a
7. requires _; requ iring
9. the one~ the ones
II. Grammar

2. does ~ is
4. in that~ in which
6. expressing ~ epressed
8. interpreting that ~ interpreting what
10. another ~ other
l

A.
2. up on
7. in

1. at/on
6. on

3. after

5. on

4. on
9. through

8. up with

10. up/to

B.

1.was cycling
2.had decided
3. had been
5._had managed
6. were wondering 7. had made
9. had forgotten
10. had rained:'~ad been raining
11 . ended up
12. were riding
13. skidded
16. had broken _
17. caught
15) realised _
18. were not expecting
19. had gone
IILReading

A.
1. B

2. 8

3. 0

1. 8

2. E

4. knew
8. i1ad planned
14. fell off
20. spent

4. 8

5. C

6. C

7. A

3. D

4. H

5. A

6. G

1. C

3. 8
11 . C

4. rJ
12. 8

5. 0
13. B

6. 8
14. C

B.
IV. Use of English
A.
1. C
9. 8

2. C
10. 0

7. C
15. D

8. A .

B.
1. are

210

2. it

3. between

4. there

BDA12

5. attempt/effort

6 . this

7. make

8. which/what

9. like/wish/want

c.

10. most
11. because/as/sin ce 12. and
14. to
15. matter
16. put
18. thought/spoken
19. include

13. due/according
17. referred
20 . them

1. We decid.ed to put off looking for another flat f.Jr a couple of months.
She encouraged me to start training more seriously because she said I had
a good chance of getting on the team .
3. She threatened to send the photographs to the , .ewspaper if he didn 't pay
up.
4 . I regret sayingihaving said I'd help Manuel move house this weekend .
5. She didn't deserve to be treated iike that.
6. I hope he didn't mind me/my telling him I thought he was putting on weight.
7. The heavy traffic made me miss my train .
8. Silvia proposed staying/that we stay in Madrid overnight.
9. The organising comm ittee are pleased to invite you to give the opening
lecture at the conference .
10. You neglected to tell me you were going to be away for a whole month .

2.

D.

The students regretted not attending/havin g attended/going to/havin.g gone

to the lecture .

2. Unless you saw/heard/liste ned/watched/ha ve seen the programme you

can 't really judge.
3. It was not so much a discussion as an argument.
4 . Hardly a day passes/goes by without r'ne/my writing to him .
5. I never had any intention of going to the meeting .
6 . Not until he came into the light did I recognise him .
7. There is absolutely no truth in the rumour about the politician and the
constFuction contract . .
8. One runner was so exhausted that he couldn 't complete the last lap of the
race .
e. We were never made/forced/obliged to do anything we didn't want to .
10. There 's no point/sense in complaining .

V. Composition
1.

Bai vi~t 9Q'i

y:

Do movies and television affect our behavior? A special concern is whethe r

movies and television make children and society more violent. I believe that movies
:.3nd television do influence our behavio r, both for the better and for the worse.
Movies do make people more violent. The more we see violent acts on
television , the less sensitive we become to them . Eventually violence doesn t seem
wrong . We may even commit violent acts ourselves. This is especially true because
we don 't always real ize that violence has conseqt - :;es. Actors can be killed and
come back for c:111 othe r movie. Someti mes we confuse that with reality . We forget
that killing someone is permanent.

BDA12

211

Movies and television also influence our behavior because thAV make us less
active. Looking at films is a passive activity. If we watch too much , we become
unhealthy , both mental:y and physically. We stop using our owri imagination when

we ~ee things acted outfor us. Mental laziness becomes physical laziness:ws'd
rather watch sports or. TV than play sports ourselves. We'd ra th er visit with the
ch aracters on "Seinfeld'' or "Friends " than go chat with our own ne ighbors.
Imaginary people have exc.iting lives . Is it any wonder that some people would
rather live a fantasy life than their own ?
Of course , wRtching movies and television ca'n also be good for us. It can give
us a broader window on the world . For example , seeing movies can expose us to
people of different races and cultures. We can then overcome some prejudices
more easily. Recently there have been more handi:;apped people in films, an d this
also helps reduce preJudice.
The best influence on our behavior is that movies and television reduce stress .
Watching films, we can escape our own problems for a little while . Also , sometime
movies sho~v positive ways to resolve problems we all face . While TV and movies
shouldn't be a way to hide from life , sometimes they can he lp us cope .
It is true that movies and television can influence our behavior negatively .
However, I nlso believe that they influence our behavior ;n positive ways . How they
affect you depends on t,- ,1: much you watch , what you watch , and how you
respond to what you watch .

- - - -- --

/~

- -.--- - - -

PRACTICE TEST 6

I. Vocabulary
A.

1. watered
3. representatives
9. agility
13. lightness

2 excitement
6 . awareness
10. basically
14. permissible

1. museum

2. ,J
6 . to,'.)
10. immediate
14. bewilderingly

c.
5. off

9. trial
13. lite:-ai
II. Grammar
A.
1. on
2 . off
6. on
7. at
B.
- 1. was walking
2. started
5. had remembered 6 . had left
8. Are you going
9. do you want

2i2

3. celebration
11 . traditional
15 . effectiveness

4. disastrous
8. appallingl y
12 . eq uivalents
16. p,otection

3. symbol
7. urged
11 . whole
15. \I

4. engineering
8. gr~dgingiy :
12 . '16. their 17. ~

3. at
8. after

4. in
9. at

T disregara(s)

5. after
10 . in

3. will get
4. reach
7. am alway5 getting
10. took

BDA12

Ill. Reading

A.
1. D

2. 8

3. A

B.
1. 82 . E
IV. Use of English

4. c

3. A

5. A

6. D

7. C

5. A
-13. D

6. 8
14. A

7 D
15. C

4. did.
9. no
14. ran
19. will

5. That/1 nis
.10. anything/everything
15. set/broke
20 : Within/In/After

4. D

A.
1. D
9. A

2. A
10. D

3. C
11 . C

4. 0
12. C

8. 8 '

B.

c.

1. when
6. to
11 . among
16. came

2. sale
7. After
12. took
17. further

3. try
8. the
13. far
18. bit

1. That is the man whose opinion means more to me than any other person's.
2. Since the start of the rain the protesters had melted away.
3. My little tent was dwarfed by the mountains.
4. I'm afraid you may have overlooked something in your report.
5. Surely the rran was seen taking the-picture.
6. The students demanded (that) the regulations (should) be abolished . ~
7. Your shirt needs washing right now before that stain dries.
8. Th_e new one-way system has been only a partial success.
9. There has been a steady decline in the number of accidents since the speed
limit was imposed .

10. The spy 11ade his I her way into the building by a secret passage .

D.
1. Nobody did anything about 1t.
<
2. He is hardly likely to have taken poison .
3. The machine couldn 't be made to work.
.
4. These pictu re s are the most beautiful I have ever seen .
5. There is no difference in weight between these two boxers .
6. The last time I forwent a meal was two years ago .
7. Hers is a difficu lt question to answer adequately.
8. As far as I know . Mr Green 's a vegetar.ian .
9. He is not so much a teache r as a lecturer.
10. Some of the stories he had to tell were hair-raising .
V. Composition
Bai vi~t gQ'i y:
Some people like to eat out at food stands and restaurants ,
others like to
prepare food at home . Often it depends on the kind of lifestyle r ;eople have. Those
with very busy jobs outside the house don't always have time lo cook. They like the
convenience of eating out. Overall , though , it is cheaper and healthier to eat at
home.
While eating in restaurants is fast , the money you spend can add up '
have dinner at a restau rant with a friend , the bill is usually over. twentv

wn::,e

BDA12

buy a lot of groceries with- that much money . Even lunch at a fast food stand
usually costs five or six dollars for one person . That's enough to feed the whole

familV at Mma.
Eating at home is better for you , too . Meals at restaurants are often high in fat
and calories , and they serve big plates of food - much more food than you need to
eat at one meal. If you cook food at home, you have more control over the
h gredients. You can use margarir<:i instead of butter or your potatoes, or not put so
much cheese on top of your pizza. At home you can control your poi:tion size : You
can serve yourself as little as you .want. In a restaurant, you may eat a full plate of
food "because you ~aid for it".
It's true that eating out is convenient. You don't have to shop , or cook, or clean
up. But real home cooking doesn't have to take up a lot of time . There are lots of
simple meals that don't take long to make. In fact, they're faster than eating out,
especially if you think of the time you spend driving tc a restaurant, parking , waiting
for a table , wa iting for service, and driving home.
Both eating at re staurants and cooking at home can be satisfying . Both can
ta ste good and be enjoy~d with family an ... friends . I prefer cooking at home
because of the money and health issues, but people will make th eir ch0ice that fits
their lifestyle best.

PRACTICE TEST 7

I. Vocabulary

A.
1. C
11.C

2. D
12.D

3-. D

4. B
14. B

13. D

5. A
15.- B

6. D
16. B

7. D
17. C

8. C
18. D

9. A
19.C

10. C
20 . C

B.
. abnormalities
2. solar, tidal
4. land scape
5. deform ity
?. non-ren ewable 8: malpractices
10. non-appearance

3. pseudo-intellectua l
6. counter~productive
9. preconceived

1. off

3. to
8. of
13. in/almost

4 . ...J

c.
3.

...J

11 . ...J
II. Grammar

2.

.
...J

i. ...J

. 12 . ...J

9 . ...J
14 . ...J

5. more
10. may

A.
1. of
6. on
11 . of
16. after
19. to

2. on
7.
on
12 . out
17 . about/arou nd
20 . In

3. in
8. at
13. to/from
18. under

4 . at
9. in
14.on

1. get through
5. let him down
9. turn down

2. hung up
6. walk out on
10. call fat'

3. hold on
7. get her down
11 . feel up to .

4. counted on
8: look up to
12. take me on

...

'

au

B.

5. w ith
10. in
15. in

,\..

2 14
- <,

lJ&;L

BDA-12

13. cropped up
Ill. Reading

14. push. in

15. Jell for

A.
1. C

2. D

B.

3. C

4. B

5. A

3. D

4. G

5. C

6. F

3. A
11. B

4. 8
12. C

5. B
13. D

6. D
14 . A

1~,

1. E
2. A
IV. Use of Eng lish

A.
1. B
9. A

2. C
10. C

B.

c.

1. back
2 .- part
<
5. aga i11.st
6 . little
9. that
10. to
12. would/cou ld/migh t 13. means

...

7. C

8. D

15. A

4 .. there
3. it
- 7. brought
8. until/till
11. went
14 . hardly/scarc ely 15'. so/as/that

1. I speak German with great ea~e.

2. He made a very quick recovery from his operation .
3. What ~ffect has the strike had on student attendance?
, 4. She fell prey to irratio_nalfearsc:...
. _ _....,,,
. 5. All the students smiled except Mr Misery .
6. I take it for granted you're hu ngry.
7. The book fa ils to come up to his expectations .
8. A change would do yo'u good .
9. He works when ~e feel s like it.
10 . It makes no difference to me w hethar you come or not.
D.
1. This is the first time (that) his authority ha s been challenged (that) anyone/
someone has challenged his authority
2. The rr.anager threatened not to select Brian for the team/(that) he wouldn 't
select Brian/(that) Brian would not be se lected unless he trained harder /if
he did not train harder.

3. The house had its/the roof blown off by/fn/during/as a result of /because of
the hurricane .
4. You are certain/bou nd/sure to meet lots of/(certainly) going to meet lots of
people in your new job.

5. Rather than disturb the meeting I left wit~out saying goodbye.

6. In few other book:, is/would one see this problem so well explained OR is.
th ere/would one find etc. such a good/so good an explanation of this
problem .
7. I object to people criticising me unfairly/(my) being unfairly criticised/(to it)
when people criticise me unfairly.

8. Robert now wishes (that) he had accepted/taken the job.

JL An i,1 creased number of travellers are bei ng stopped by customs officials this
week .

BDA12

~-:---- ------- -:----- -_:_215

----

--

10. She is a more sympathetic listener than anyone else./ She is a person who
listens more sympathetically than anyone P.lse .

V. eomposlt,on
Bai vi~t QQ'i

y:

People attend colleges or universities for a !ot of different reasons . I believe

that the three most conimo'n reasons are to prepare for a career. to have new
experiences . and to increase their knowledge of themselves and the world around
th em.
Career preparation is becoming mor.:. and more important to young people . For
many , preparing for a career in a competitive job mar~et 1s the primary reason to go
to college . At college . it's possjble to learn new -ski!I fo~ careers with
lot of
opportunities. This means careers , such as information tecimoloqy , that are
expected to need a large workforce in the ~oming yea rs .
-

Aiso stuaenis go to eoileges and l

~rsities to have new experiences. This
often means having the 0pportunity to meet people different from lose in their home
towns. For most students, going to college is the first tirne th ey're been away fr:)m
home by themselves . Being independent tike this means ha vin g to make decisions
that they 've never had to make before Making th.ese deci sions increases their
knowledge of themsel'ves .
BesiJe.s lGok\ng for Seif-knowledge, people also attend n university or college
to expand their knowledge in subjects they find interesting . h:,r many . this w ill be
the ir last chance for a long time to learn about something lhac doesn 't have to do

with their career.

I would recommend that people not be so focused on a ca ree r. They should go

to college- to have new experiences and learn as much as they can about
themselves and the world they live in .

PRACTICE TEST 8

I. Vocabulary

A.
1

--r~

f4:

-;-1 7.A =r 8. c-]T 8 - . 10-:-6]

1.D- 1~
2 .- A
8_--.J_
5. D
_ __,_,_6. _8
11. B 12. C .J 13. A [f4. ~ 15. C 16. D

B.

1. themselves
4. difficulty/d ifficulties
6 . embarrassmen t
9. inadequate
12. psychologists 13. self-conscicus

17. D=1 18.~

2. conference
5. persistent
7. failure
10 . conditioning
14. thought

A _;J O:__g]

3. loneliness
8. outside
11 . pre -dispc ,;:.t:on
15. partly

C.
~. german -) German
2. launtch -) launch 3. fl iht - > flig ht
4. wedding the airline-; weddir:;i . the airline
5. beseaged -) besie ged
6.
7. no)
9. no ; after married
10. traditional! -; traditional

216

BDA12

11 . ,j
13. newlyweds' --> newlyweds
15. espesially - , espesial'y
II. Grammar

12 Wedding --> wedding

14. ,J
16.v

A.
1. on
6. After

2'. After
7. in

3. at
8. at

2. learnt
6. hadn't pass,ed
10. haq established
13. are having
17. operates
20. looking

3. included
4. had been working
7. was studying
8. to support
11 . has been practising
14. has been
15. got
18. had been taking

4. on
9. on

5. in
10. in.

B.
1. had thought
5. came
9. had passed
12. has gained
16. owns
19. got
Ill. Reading

A.
1. B

2. A

3. C

4. D

5. D

3. A

4. C

3. A

4 A
12 B

5.
13. 8

6. C

B.
1. E
2. F
IV. Use of English,
1. B
9. C

2. D
10. C

11 . C

- ....
o. u

14. D

15. B

B.
1. be/seem/appear/sound
4. if/Once/When/Provided/Assum ing
6. relies/depends/hinges
10. what
11 . Nor/Neither
14. to
15. covered
18. without
19. first

c.

2. story/details
5. how
7. a
12. for
16. minimum
20 . un less

3. the
8. them 9. cannot
13. such
17. should/must

1. Siolkovs!{y is/ has b3en credited with im'8r1t1ng/having invented the space
rockeUthe inventio n of th e/ bei ng th e inventor of tl1e space rocket.
2. I daren 't turn on the televisio n for fear of wak1 :1g up the baby .

3. Some people will go to any/gre atiab surd leng th s to loose we ight.

4. The two theories (appear toj have nothing in co, r m n/no col'Y'~
d
.
..,
_.,1111on groun .
5. S evera I mem bers Of th e comm, 11 ee expresser
b U ti
th
chai rman 's proposal s.
1..,0ncern a ou a over e
6 . Our company :,as/h olrl c , .
_J n
importation r,f,
_ e a, monopoly of/on/over the import/importing/
~ lnese chemicais.
7. Tf--
. , ,t: team 's defeat was :he /a direct consequence of the co ch's tactics./ The
direct consequence of the coach's tactics was the d fe at./Th e team lost as a
direct consequence of the coach 's tactks.
8. We have no idea of/a s to his whereabc u s.i We don t know his
whereabouts./ His whereabouts are/is unkn own :o us.
9. The polic~man's prom pt action adverted an accident.
r

_ J

[J)i\ 12

217

10. There is no doubt that this record will sell a lot of copies./ Without doubt this
record will sell a lot of copies.

D.
1. My purpose in calling this meeting :s to present the latest sales figures .
2. The average skyscraper in the USA is taller/higher/bigger than anywhere
else in the world./ The average heighUsize of skyscrapers in the USA is
greater than anywhere else in the world .
3. I hadn't expected (that) he would be/him to be so easy/that easyisuch an
easy person to talk to. OR it to be/(that) it would be ( 1) so/that easy to talk
to him . OR (that) talking to him wouid be so/that:easy.
4. All dogs are . thoughUbelieved/sa id to have evolved/ . descended from
wolves. OR All dogs are descended from wolves ac.;cording to experts.
5. At no time did the two sides look likely to reach an agreement. OR was
there any likelihood of the two sides reaching an agreement.
6. Busy as/though he was , M.elissa 's father still 'played with her.
7. Mrs Wilson sends her apologies for not having attended/not attending th e
meeting yesterday morning.
8. I cancelled my subscription to that magazine nine months aei:.
9. Further information can be obta ined by sending a SE;\~-addressed envelope
to the above address.
10. But for his father's early retirement Rir.h<>,
er the
family business .

V. Co"'""-'' ion .
Bai vi~t gQ'i y:
"Experie nce is the best teacrer" is an old cliche , but I agree with it. The most
important, and sometimes the hardest, lessons we learn i:o life coma from our
participation in situations. You can 't learn everything from a book.
Of course, learning from 'books in a formal e.ducational setting is also valu able.
It's in school that we learn the inform2tion we need to function in our society . We
learn how to speak and write and understand ma~hematical eq uations . This is all
information ti, at we need to live in our com_munities and earn a livin_
Nevertheless, I think that the most important lessons can 't be taught; they have
to be experienced . No one can teach us how to get along w ith others or how to
have self-respect. As we grow from ch ildren into teena gers, no one can teach us
how to deal with peer pressure. As we leave adolescence behind and enter adult
life, no one can teach us ho'IN to fall in love and get married .
This shouidn-'t stop us from _looking fo r guidelines along the way . Teachers and
parents are valuable sources of advice when we 're yo11ng As we enter into new
stages in our lives, the advice we receive from Lh em is very helpf~i because they
have already had sim ilar experiences. Bu t experienci ng our own triumphs and
disasters is really the only way to learn how to deal with life .

____ __ z;~- - - - - -

218

BDA12

PRACTICE TEST 9

I. Vocabulary
A.
1. A
2. B

3. 8
4. C
5. C
11.8
128 13_A
14. 8
15. 8
B.
1. oversim pl ification
3. pro-strike; outvoted
5. subtitles
7 . self-explanatory
9. counter-attack; pre-arranged

c.

1. to
6. did
1 1. quite
16. the
II. Grammar

2. so

6. A
16. D.

7. A
17. C

8. 8
18. C

12 . ..J

10. A
20 . C

2. overestimating
4. counter-productive; over-react
6. super-rich; superstars; outsell
8. half-expected; ex-wife
10. r~~ppeared ;' half-frozen
3. that
8. themse lves
13. because

7 . ..J

9. D
19. C

4. of
9. they

14 . -J

5. -J
10. -J
15. which

A.
_1_._w_it_h_t-_
2_. t_o_ _3_._o_f _ _
4_.in _J 5. of
6. about 7. on- I 8. of ~
10. of
11.of
12.on
13. oft
15. of
14.in
16. in
17. to~
B.
1. convincin g; had seen
2. to discover; had lied
3. to be introduced
4. coming ; wakes
5. shouldn 't have told
6, having been told
7. ieft; had collected
8. retires , wil l have saved
9. came ; didn' t know ; to turn ; had had , wouldn 't have been drowned.
10. have been telephoning , haven 't you finished
Ill. Reading

A.
1. 8

2. A

3. D

1. F

2. H

3. G

6. C

c.

IV. Use of English

5. 8

6. E-

7. C

5. 8
13.C

6. 8
14. A

7. C
15. D

A.
1. C
9. A

- 2. 8
10. 8

3. A
11 . D

4. D
12. D

B.
1. more
2. the
6. under
7. this
9. although/tho ugh/while/ho wever
11 . mirror
12.in
14. without
15. should/must
l,,,1,7, .especially/particular
19. to .

c.

~
8. D

3. In
4. thei r 5. set
8. called/termed/considered
10. of
13. if/whether
16. th~m
18. something/the
20 . make

1. A quiet holiday would do you good .

BDA12

219

2. With six children on her hands. she is extremely busy. OR With six children
(to look after) 1 she 1 has c:i 19 9n h~r h~ni.l~/h"1~ h~r h,rn~~ full,
3. It would be/is a waste of time phoning/to phone Caroline - she's away .
OR Don't waste your time phoning Caroline - she's away.
4. It is none of/not my business what Rachei does in her spare time. OR It is
not any/no business of mine what Rachel does in her spare time.
5. (The use of) the main colleye car park is restricted to final -year students.
6. The final version of the plan bore/had no/little/not much resemblance to the
initial draft. OR There was no/little/not much resembianca betwee.n the final
version and the initial draft.
7. There is no question of (me/my) changing my mind about resigning . OR My
changing my mind about resigning is out of the question . .
8. He made no/he didn't make (any) referer.ce to our previous conversation .
9. We run the business as a joint V811ture OR We run a joint business .
10. Digging always gives me an appetite/a good/big appetite .
D.

1. He is said to have escaped to a neutral country.

2. Only when the general's personal diaries were published did the truth come
out.
On!y when they published the general's personal diaries did the truth come
out.
_
:3. The edge of the shore was becoming coated with oil.
4. Although rain was forecast .it ~tayed fine .
5. We 'd rather you didn't smoke/you stopped smoking.
6. !t's high time you were able to qress yourself.
7. So long 8S the examiner can read your i1andwriting he will accept your
answer.
8. No matter how long you use it, it-..won
.
't wear out.
9. Get the work finished by lunch time a ~d you can go home.
10. Despite her severe disab.ility Judy participated many spo s.
Despite being ~evaely disabled ludy partiGipaced in many sports.
V. Composit;- n

~~; vi~t gQ'i y:

When people succeed, it is because of hard work , but luck has a lot to do with
it, too . Success without sonie tuck, is almost impossible . The French emperor
Napoleon said of one of his generals, 1 know he's good . But is he lucky?"
Napoleo'l knew that all the hard work and talent in the world can't make up for bad
luck . However. hard work can invite good luck
When it comes to success . luck can mean being in th e right place to meet
someone. or having the right skills to get a job done .. It might mean turning down an
offer and then having a better offer come along . Nothing can re pl ace hard work , but
work ing hard also means you 're preparing yourself for opportunity. Opportunity
very often depends on luck.
"
How many of the great inventions and discoveries came about through a lucky
mistake or a lucky chance? One of the biggest lucky mistakes in history is
Columbus' so-called discovery of America . He enriched his sponsors an d changed

-"

220

BDA12

history, but he was really looking for India. However, Columbu s' chance discover
y
wasri't pure luck .
It was backed up by years of studying and calculating. He worked hard to prove
his theory that the world was round .
Success that comes from pure luck and r10 hard work can be a real problem.
For example , consider a teenage girl who becomes a movie star. imagine
she's
been picked from nowhere because of her looks. She is going to fee.I very in-:ecure.
because she knows she didn 't do anything to earn her stardom . On the other
hand.
think about an actress who's spent years learning and working ;:it her craft.
When
she finally ha s good luck and becomes a su cce ss, she will handle stardom
better.
She know s she earned it.

People who work hard help make their ow n luck by being ready when
opportunity knocks . When it ccmes to success . I think that hard work and luck
go
hand in ha nd.

____ ___ ___ ____

/'.:

PRACTIC E TEST 10
I. Vocabulary
A.

:}--/-c~,-~-2. A-s~l-~3-8s I ~!if ~s 8A I ~6~of-~

1~d_~aAs i-~gAAfi~;=_J
B.

c.

1. quickly 2 begun
6 . metal . "/ . thought
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20 .

BDA12

3. diplomat ic
8. fiber

4. exorcists
9. sank

5. company
10. telescop e

some informati ons ~ some information

This strategy worked very effective ~ This strategy worked very effectively
keen and committal ~ keen and committed
in the spot ~ on the spot
very delighted ~ absolute ly delighted
worked totally hard ~ worked very/extremely hard
the same grade of commitm ent .-; the same level of commitm ent
every and each one of us ~ each and every one of us
deeply unreason ab:e ~ totally/completely unreason able
not 111aking their fair share - > not doing their fair share
to put up to the situation ~ to put up with the situation
but lastiy ~ but finally/ in the end
had large potential ~ had great potential
to have an effort~ to make an effort
he thorough ly refused -.-> he totally/ absolutely refused
to hand out my resignation ~ to hand in my resignation
another job in ~ another job with
I'm earning t\'lice as high as~ !'m earning twice as much as
eYactly as long hours~ equally !ong.hours
I'm far on the way! ~ I'm well on the way!

221

~I. Grammar

A.

1. beside/next to; with

2. at; in; over; below

4. by ; on/in ; on
3. in ; in ; over
6. on ; in ; ir.
5. oppo si te: from ; from ; io ; on
8. Besides ; at
7. in ; in fror1t of; in ; in ; during ; about
10. on ; for: in/during
9. after; i:, ; before
11 . in ; under; in ; behind/in/on top of/under/next to
1'2. into ; in ; in ; by/beside/next to/under; with ; on
B.

1. ask; lend ; lifting

3. c,rncel ; placed ; changed
5. offered ; resist; accept; los~
7. throw; drawing ; bear
Ill. Reading
A.
3. D
2. A
1. C
B.
3. D
2. E
1. B
IV. Use of English
A.
1. C
3. D
2. 8
8. A
7. D
6. A
13. A
11 . B 12. C
B.
1. through/ag ainst 2. arrive
7. stand
6. first
12. but
11 . say
17. however
16. no

2. open ; supply
4. pay ; raise ; collect
"6. ieads; running ; strike
8. raised ; reached ; hold

4. B

5. C

6. D

4. C

5. G

6. A

4. A
9, B
14. B

5. B
10.C
15. A

3. to
8. every/each
13. wasted
18. them

4. could
9. until
14. less
19. rid

5. Spare
10. does
15. gives
20 . tell

c.
1. I haven 't(got)/don 't have the faintest idea what you're talking about.
2. Hie problems (t,,at) Les is facing are I Les's problems are of his own
making .
3. The plot is centred on the a<;Jventures of two teenagers.
4. He (makes sure (that) he) distances himself from policies he disagrees with .
5. Cou ld you .keep an/your eye on my bag while I'm away, please?
6. Rosemary's ridiculous ideas are a constant source of amusement to me.
OR Rosemary's ridict..lous ideas are the source of constant amusement to me.
7. He lef~ the stage to the accompaniment of loud applause .
8. Mike never shrink~ from making tough decisions as a manager ..
9. We agreed that we would take it in turns to do the wash ing up. OR We
agreed that we would take turns at doing the washing up.
10. Don't breathe a word of this to the boss. OR Don 't breathe a word to the

boss about this . .

D. 1. They had such a fierce dog that nobody would visit them .
They had so fierce a dog that nobody woulc1 visit them .

222

BDA12

2.

I can barely see any mark(s) on that dress .

I can barely make out the mark(s) o,-, tnat dress .
I can barely distinguish a mark on that dress.
3. Nothing but a full apology would satisfy him .
Nothing but a full apology was good enough for him .
Nothing but a full apology would do for him.
Nothing but a full apology was acceptable to him .
4. He didn 't forget and neither did she .
;,e didn 't forget and nor did she.
5. The momen t I got up to dance the band stopped playing .
I decided to get up and dance the band decided to stop playing .
6. The doctor suggested (that) I should rest/I rest.
7. Only after a twelve-hour wait did their flight leave.
Only after a delay of twelve hours did their flight leave .
8. They are being made to study hard by their teacher .
They are (being) forced to study hard by their teacher .
9. They certainly lived (fully) up to our expectations .
10. Much as I admire his courage I think he is foolish .
V. Composition
Bai vi~t QQ'i y:
Some people may believe that going to classes should .be optiona
l, but
disagree . I don 't understand how university students can expect to learn
anything if
they don't attend classes . Personal experience can help people
learn about
themselves and the world outside the classroom, but when it comes
to learning
about academic subjects students need to be in class.
In class they receive ,he benefit of the teacher 's kilowledge . The bast
teachers
do more than just go over the material in the class textbook. They
draw their
students into discussion of the material. They present opposing points
of view.
They sct1edule guest speakers to come, give the students additional ir:iforma
ticn . or
show documentary films on the subject.
Also , attending classes on any subject teaches more than just facts .
It teaches
students how to learn , how to absorb information and then apply
what they've
learned to other situations. Their teacher is !he best one to help them
with these
skills. They can 't learn them Just by reading the textbook .
Going to class also teaches students how to work with the other membe
rs of .
the class. Many times students will be given group assignments. This
is different
from what they did in secondary school. Here they are with people
from different
backgrounds and experiences . In this situation , they 1-sarn how to handle
working
with peopl.e different from themselves to achieve a common goal.
Going to class also teaches students responsibility and discipline Having
to be
at a particular place at a particular time prepares them for getting a
job. Being at
that place on time with an assignment completed prepare~ them for a
career.
In short, by going to class students learn more than just information
from the
teacher . They also learn how to learn , how to work with others, and
how to work
responsibly . These are not optional skills in life, so attending classes
should 11ot be
optional in college.
--THE END --

BDA12

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