3rd Year (Production)

Sheet No. 1 Turbines

2015-2016

Faculty of Eng. Shoubra

Mechanical Dept.
Hydraulic-machines

Pelton wheel
1- A Pelton wheel with a needle controlled nozzle develops 950 hp when
the total head is 200m and the jet diameter is 10 cm. the nozzle discharge
coefficient Cv = 0.98. Assume that the total head and wheel efficiency
remain constant. determine the percentage reduction in Q when the
horsepower is reduced to 500 hp by (a)needle regulation , (b) partial closure
of throttle valve on pipeline, also obtain the loss of head across the valve in
case (b).
2-A four jet Pelton turbine is supplied by a reservoir whose surface is at an
elevation of 500m above the nozzles of the turbine. The water flows through
a pipe 600m long,0.75 m diameter, with a friction coefficient =0.075.Each
nozzle provides a jet 75mm diameter and the nozzle velocity coefficient
Cv=0.98. The jets impinge on buckets of the wheel at a radius of 0.65 m and
are deflected (relative to the wheel) through an angle of 160. Fluid friction
within the buckets reduces the relative velocity by 15%. The blade speed to
jet speed ratio=0.48 and the mechanical efficiency of the turbine is 98%
Calculate the loss of head in the pipeline and hence, determine for the
turbine:
a-the speed of the turbine
b-the overall efficiency (based on the effective head)
c-the power output
3-A generator is driven by a small ,single Pelton turbine designed to have a
power specific speed of 20 .the effective head at nozzle inlet is 120 m and the
nozzle velocity coefficient is 0.985. The runner rotates at 880 rev/min ,the
turbine overall efficiency is 88 % and mechanical efficiency is 96 %.if the
blade speed to jet ratio=0.47 .determine:
a- The shaft power output of the turbine.
b- The volume flow rate.
b- The ratio of the wheel diameter to jet diameter.
4- The water available for a Pelton wheel is 4 m 3/s and the head from
reservoir to nozzle is 250 m. the turbine has two runners with two jets per
runner. All the four jets have same diameters. The pipe line is 3000m long.
The efficiency of power transmission through pipe line and nozzle is 91%
and efficiency of each runner is 90%.the velocity coefficient of each nozzle
is 0.975 and the coefficient of friction for the pipe is 0.045 determine:
a-the HP developed by the turbine
b-the diameter of the jet
c-the diameter of pipe line
-1-

5- The following data refer to a Pelton wheel: the bucket angle = 165, the
coefficient of discharge for the nozzle Cv = 0.98, the friction coefficient k =
0.2. Assume that the optimum speed ratio differs from 0.5 as a result of
losses due to windage and bearing friction, which are proportional to the
square of the rotational speed (take the proportionality constant equal to
0.2), obtain a formula for the optimum speed ratio, hence calculate it for the
above given data and also calculate the maximum overall efficiency.
6- For the following two-nozzle Pelton wheel, calculate its maximum
efficiency and output. Pitch circle diameter of runner is 2.5 m, nozzle
diameter is 0.15 m, head on the nozzle is 1600 m, Cv for nozzle is 0.98,
bucket angle at exit is 173, horsepower lost in disk friction is 6.6 x 10-6 N3,
horsepower lost in bearing friction is 2.1 x 10-3 N2, where N is the speed of
wheel in rpm, speed ratio is 0.45, the relative velocity is reduced by 10 % of
its magnitude before leaving the buckets due to friction in buckets.
7-A Pleton wheel is supplied with water in the nozzle box at a pressure head
of 50 m. the velocity coefficient for the nozzle is 0.96. The relative velocity of
water while in contact with the buckets is turned through 150 and is also
reduced by 15% owing to friction losses .the required ratio of bucket to jet
ratio speed is 0.47, and 0.8 of energy imparted to the wheel, as determined
by the velocity diagrams, is converted to mechanical energy. Wheel
diameter is 10 times the jet diameter. Find the jet and wheel diameters and
the speed of rotation to develop 200 HP under these conditions.
8- A multi jet Pelton turbine with a wheel 1.47 m diameter, operate under
effective head of 200m at nozzle inlet and uses 4 m3/s of water. Tests have
proved that the wheel efficiency is 88 %and velocity coefficient of each
nozzle is 0.99, Assuming that the turbine operates at a blade speed to jet
speed ratio 0.47. Determine:
a-the wheel rotational speed
b-the power output and the power specific speed
c-the bucket friction coefficient given that the relative flow is deflected
165
d-the required number of nozzles if the ratio of the jet diameter to mean
diameter of the wheel is limited to a maximum value of 0.113

Prof. Dr Mohamed Moawed

-2-