SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT
Introduction

WHAT IS WASTE???
WASTE is everything people dont value
Value is what people are wiling to buy.

Waste
left-over
redundant product
material of no or
marginal value for
the owner and
which the owner
wants to discard

the purpose of waste

management is not to clean
the waste bins but to handle
the waste in the bins

Solid Waste
from human and animal
activities, heterogenous
mass throw away
(agricultural, industrial
and mineral waste)
A waste in a solid state;
not water nor airborne.
not must be clean
*1976 US $3 billion$4 billion / yr waste
mng.

Hazardous Waste
-Solid waste or
combination of solid
waste
solid waste- garbage,
refuse and sludge,
air pollution control
taility,SOLID, LIQUID,
SEMI SOLID and GAS
-from new published
books, Hazardous is
considered as more
complex and
dangerous

Material Flow and

Waste Generation
Packing (Days to weeks)
Daily Consumer like
telephones, Clothing
(years)
Large consumer like
furniture, vehicles (years
to decades)
Building and Civic
Constructions (decades
and counting)

Waste generation is not directly

linked to production and use

Sustainable Development

- World Business for Sustainable Development

Issues
Volume / space
take up space and does not disappear by itself
(goal: removing waste from premise and public areas)
Nuisances
odors, flies, blowing litter and aesthetic problem
Public Health Issue
Pathogenic risks like sewers
Economic
annual cost in metropolitan areas (100Euro / person)

Issues
General Waste
Flies, Cockroaches
are carriers of
disease organisms
Garbage- Breeding
place of flies
Leachate
dissolved
chemicals, heavy
metals, poisonous

 Scavengers have lacerations and

puncture wounds and infections if they
dont wear their protective gear

Hazardous Waste
Eye irritation
Mucus membrane irritation
Dermatitis
Nausea
Headache
Choking or coughing
Dizziness

Issues
Contamination of the environment
Waste to air , water and soil

Ex. Ground water pollution at land fills, air quality affected by air
emissions
Resource Issue
Scavengers or recyclers

Waste contains resources that should be used in order to save on

other resources
Recovering resources from the waste for a LIVING = avoiding
environmental impacts from production of virgin resources

Organizations
LCA (Life Cycle Analysis)
-Offer benign option for waste management
MSW (Municipal Solid Waste)
-indicated waste administration
-source separation : reuse and reycle on non-organic, Fertilizer production
of organic, waste via anaerobic digestion
Talloires declaration
-waste disposal management
-renewable power generation
US Environmental Protection Agency
-Plasma gasification** TEMPERATURE, reconstitute

Talloires Declaration
declaration for
sustainability and speed
of environment pollution,
degradation and
depletion of national
resources.

Natl resources forest,

soil, water and ozone

Ex. Reverse Vending

Machine (Envipco,Tomra)

Countries Promoting
Waste Mangement
Australia
Curbside collection
Reduced or no land filling
Recycle of waste
Europe
ENVAC underground conduit
using vacuum system
Canada
Curbside collection (urban)
Hauling (rural)

Taipei
Used rubbish bags given by
city council
Israel
ARROW ECOLOGY COMPANY
(Arrow Bio)
Separate organic and
inorganic by Gravitational
settling screening and by
Hyro-mechanical shredding
*California, Australia,
Greece, Mexico and UK

Waste Management
System
In house waste handling (bins)
Littering and dumped waste
Return sytem (glass bottles= deposits)
Municipal waste management (public is the
government authority)
Industrial
Hazardous (special treatment, regulation, higher
cost)

Waste Hierarchy
1. Waste prevention and
cleaner technology
-hard because they do not have
the mandate and power to
address this

Reduc
e
Reuse
Recyc
le

VS

2. Reuse
3.recycling of Materials
4. Recovery in terms of material
utilization and evergy recovery
5.disposal including landfilling
mass burning without recovery

History Development
1906
as early as 1906 there is a book published disposal of municipal refuse by
H de B Parson
horse drawn cart solid waste collection
method: dumping on land (urban), water , plowing into the soil food waste,
reduction and incineration
1933
prohibited dumping in water (coney island beach, New York)
1940
Sanitary land fillings
1970
plowing into soil food waste

Functional Elements
-to identify the fundamental aspects and relationships
involve in each element
-to develop:
1. Waste generation
2.onsite storage
3.collection (transport)
4.disposal
*house waste storage should be stored less than 8 dayss

Soutions
Recycling
* Britain - used Dust and Ash as base material in
brick making
*Benjamin Law Rags reused as shoddy mungo in
Barley, Yorkshire
*railroad made by old solid scrap
*strong magnet used to separate famous iron,
steel and tin plate

BEST WAY:
To reduce the amount of solid waste that must be
disposed of its limit the consumption of raw
material s and to increase the rate of recovery and
reuse of materials
WASTE MINIMIZATION = ZERO WASTE (no land fills)
DISCIPLINE

The real problem, however lies in

the fact that because of the poor
disposal practices exists for adverse
effects upon the individual as well
as the countrys health
-Silva(1989)