CONCERN NANOINDUSTRY

Polymer nanocomposites:
prospects of application
Dr. Igor Chmutin,
Head of Laboratory of nanocomposites
nanotech@mail.magelan.ru

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Composites and nanocomposites.

What is this?
Advantages and disadvantages of nanofillers.
Peculiarity of nanocomposites properties.
Nanocomposites, developed by Concern
NANOINDUSTRY.
Conclusion.

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Disadvantages of nanofillers:
a price of nanoparticles is higher in comparison with
microparticles.
nanoparticles have very high surface energy and exhibit a
tendency to aggregation. It is very hard to separate
nanoparticles and introduce to polymer uniformly without
aggregation.
nanoparticles have very high surface area to volume ratio in
comparison to microparticles. Some properties of
nanocomposites which depend on position of filler particles
strongly, is not so stable at elevated temperatures as in the
case of conventional composites.

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Advantages of nanofillers
General remark
Introduction of nanoparticles to polymer matrix
ensure significant property improvements with
very loading levels. Traditional microparticle
additives requiring much higher filler
concentration to achieve similar results

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Peculiarities of nanocomposites
Electrical properties
The decreasing of filler particles size from micron
level to nanometer level leads to the change:
of distribution of filler particles in a matrix
d ~ 30 -200 nm;
of charge carriers transport between particles
d ~ 10 50 nm;
of conductivity of filler particles themselves
d ~ 3 10 nm.

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Microcomposites
Irregular 3D Shklovskii
De Genes net

Nanocomposites
Fractal structure

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Nanoparticles in polymer blends

Polymer

Polymer
B

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Nanocomposites possibility to change

electrical properties
t=1

dc

t=2
t=4

t=16

x = 0.57 0.75

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Advantages of nanofillers
Mechanical properties.
High adhesion of nanoparticles to polymer matrix
result in the enhanced strength of nanocomposites
relative to conventional composite.
Small size of nanoparticles ensures small size of
pores in the case of exfoliation of a matrix from filler
particles. It results in the strength increase too.
Introduction of small amount of nanoparticles to
polymer significantly enhance the adhesion of
polymer to different substrates.

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Advantages of nanofillers
Optical properties.
Nanocomposites are optically more transparent
in comparison to conventional composites.
Special optical effects.
Magnetic properties.
In some case composites with magnetic
nanoparticles have the magnetoresistance,
magnetic permeability and losses much higher
than in the case of conventional composites.
It is possible to make composites with magnetic
threshold concentration smaller than electrical
percolation threshold.

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Advantages of nanofillers

Some nanocomposites show the following

useful properties:
decreased permeability to gases, water and
hydrocarbons;
flame resistance and reduced smoke emission;
increased wear-resistance and other tribological
properties;
biodegradability (ability to destruction in soil);
high biological activity, for example biocydal
(antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal) action.

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Industrial reactor CVD (2500-3000 kg/year)

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Carbon nanotubes
TAUNIT
microstructure
(SEM)

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General characteristic of carbon nanotubes

TAUNIT
Characteristic

Value

External diameter

1050 nm

Internal diameter

520 nm

Length
Total amount of impurity
including amorphous carbon
Bulk density

>2 m
1,5 %
0,3 0,5 %
0,40,5 g/cm3

Convertible sorbtion capacity on hydrogen

4,80,6 %

Specific geometrical surface

>140 m2/g

Heat resistance
Average volume of pores
Average size of pores

700
0,22m3/g
69,61

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Direct current conductivity dc, magnetic permeability ' and
magnetic losses " nanotubes at frequency 3.2 GHz
N of sample

dc, Sm/cm

'

"

Graphite

1.01 103
1.32 103
1.13 103
1.10 103
1.08 103
9.3 102
6.5 102
2.8 102
9.7 102
3.1 102
1.5 102
0.9 101

1
1.08
1.10
1.06
1.05
1.04
1.15
1.08
<1.02
<1.02
<1.02
<1.02

0
0.11
0.09
0.07
0.05
0.04
0.12
0.06
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

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The following materials based on carbon

nanotubes are developing by Concern
NANOINDUSTRY:
electroconductive glue and paint;
microwave shields,
warm floor coating with high flame
resistance and wear-resistance;
sensors.

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NANOCOMPOSITE SENSORS:
MULTIWALL CARBON NANOTUBES/POLYMER;
METALL (METAL OXIDE) NANOPARTICLES / POLYMER

Diameter of nanoparticles 1-10 nm

Coating thickness 0.2-1 mcm

Electrode system

Model of nanocomposite structure

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MULTISENSOR SYSTEM:
ELECTRONIC NOSE BASED ON NANOCOMPOSITE SENSORS

Sampling system
Sensors array
Computer
Pattern recognition program

Initial information:
- Signals from sensors array under action
of analyte vapor
- Comparison of signals from analyte with
signals previously obtained
Processed information:
- Detection probability of analytes
included in the data base of the device
- Analyte concentration

Presumed characteristics:
- Detectability threshold: < 1 ppm
- Analysis time:
< 30 sec
- Mass of the device:
< 500 g
AREAS OF APPLICATIONS:
Safety systems; Product testing; Medicine; Ecology; Criminalistics;
Mechanical engineering; Mining

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HOT ADHESIVE AND SELF-ADHESIVE

MATERIALS FOR LIGHT INDUSTRY
PRODUCTS
Advantages

1.7-2 times increase in the strength of joints

Non-toxic
Fire-safe (free from organic solvents)
Low work input is required to form an
adhesive joint

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Size distribution of Ag particles

fraction
0,18
0,16
0,14
0,12
0,10
0,08
0,06
0,04
0,02
0,00

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

diameter, nm

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Applications of Ag-nanoparticles
Paints, varnishes and glue, especially paints for
hospitals, schools, kindergartens;
Different kinds of paper, including long-life Kraftpaper for medicine;
Cardboard and plastic foil for food industry;
Wood chipboard;
Laminated plastic for furniture industry;
Different types of fabrics for underwear, bed
linen, curtains, carpets, bandaging materials.

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Silicon nanoparticles as UV-protecting agent

HEAT

UVA +
UVB RAYS
SILICON
CRYSTALLINE
NANO-PARTICLES

SAFE VIBRATIONS
PROPRIETARY UV-RAY TRAPPING TECHNOLOGY OF
BANDGAP PROTECTIVES SUNSTOPPERS NANO-PARTICLES

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Silicon crystalline nanoparticles

.

Colorless and allow transmittance of visible

light spectrum;
Silicon nanoparticles at concentration about 1%
vol. absorb UV rays over a broad and complete
range (100% absorption in the 200-350 nm range
Over 98% absorption in the 350-425 nm range);

Principle based on quantum physics;

UV rays enter nuclei as quantum dot of energy;
Energy is dissipated as heat and vibrations.

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Applications of UV-protective agent

based on Si-nanoparticles
Paints and varnishes (brick and concrete
paints, boat paints, car paints and
varnishes);
Textiles;
Color plastics;
Sunblock cosmetic.

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Thank you
for your attention