I

i
I

L I Risk

ENTURA
LARGE,
CONTROLLABLE PARACHUTE
AERIAL DROP TEST PLAN
NVR-3964
J a n u a r y 1966

LINDA HALL LIBRARY

Science Engineering Technology

5109 Cherry Street

Kansas City MO 64110 USA

LARGE,
CONTROLLABLE PARACHUTE
AERIAL DROP TEST PLAN
NVR-3964
J a n u a r y 1966

NVR-3964

LARGE, CONTROLLABLE PARACHUTE

AERIAL DROP TEST PLAN

P r e p a r e d by:
C. R . G r a h a m
D. Pettit
E. J. W e l l e r

Contract NAS 9 - 5 0 8 8
NASA Manned S p a c e c r a f t Center
2101 W e b s t e r - S e a b r o o k R o a d
Houston, T e x a s 77058

A p p r o v e d by:

GoJKP.
C . R. G r a h a m
Project Engineer

NORTHROP

Issued:
J a n u a r y 1 966

CORPORATION,
VENTURA
1515 R a n c h o C o n e j o B o u l e v a r d
N e w b u r y P a r k , C a l i f o r n i a 91 320

DIVISION

FOREWORD

T h i s t e s t plan w a s p r e p a r e d b y the N o r t h r o p C o r p o r a t i o n ,

Ventura

D i v i s i o n u n d e r MSC C o n t r a c t NAS 9 - 5 0 8 8 in a c c o r d a n c e with E x h i b i t A ,

paragraph IV. M.

The c o n t r a c t t e c h n i c a l e f f o r t i s a d m i n i s t e r e d u n d e r the

d i r e c t i o n of the MSC P r o j e c t E n g i n e e r ,

Bill Lofland.

Support f o r the a e r i a l

d r o p t e s t p r o g r a m w i l l be p r o v i d e d b y the 6511th T e s t G r o u p ( P a r a c h u t e )
t h r o u g h the P r o j e c t E n g i n e e r J a m e s

Waite.

The t e c h n i c a l e f f o r t has b e e n o r g a n i z e d at N o r t h r o p V e n t u r a u n d e r
p r o j e c t n u m b e r 6036 with C. R . G r a h a m a s the P r o j e c t

Manager/Engineer.

NOTE
T h i s t e s t plan i n c o r p o r a t e s the t e s t e f f o r t p r o p o s e d f o r the 5 0 2 - 5 6 C l o v e r l e a f .

NVR-3964
11

LINDA HALL LIBRARY

K A N S A S CITY, MO

<
1

CONTENTS
PAGE

SECTION
Nomenclature

viii

INTRODUCTION

1-1

1. 1

Scope

1 -Z

1. 2

Contract

1.3

Schedule

1 -Z

Requirements

1-5

TEST SPECIMEN DESCRIPTION AND

CONCEPT
2. 1

Test Specimen

2.2

Test

TESTING
2-1

Description

2-1

2-4

Concept

TEST

DATA-ACQUISITION

3-1

CONDITIONS
SYSTEM

4-1

4. 1

C o n t r a c t NAS 9 - 5 0 8 8 Data R e q u i r e m e n t s

4-1

4. Z

Data-Acquisition

Network

4-1

4. 3

Data R e f e r e n c e

Parameters

4-4

4.4

NV D a t a - R e d u c t i o n

4. 5

D r o p T e s t Data F l o w

4-4

Routine
Requirements

TEST VEHICLES

4-10
5-1

Instrumented Cylindrical Bomb

5. Z

Flight V e h i c l e

Description

5-1

5. 3

Flight V e h i c l e

Precautions

5-4

5.3.1
5.3.2

Description

5-1

5. 1

Flight V e h i c l e Launch
Flight Vehicle E m e r g e n c y

System

5-4
5-4

INSTRUMENTATION

6-1

6. 1

Photographic

6-1

6. Z

Askania

6-1

NVR-3964

SECTION

PAGE
6.3

Contraves

6-1

6.4

Telemetry

6-2

OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE

7-1

7.1

A b o r t Conditions

7-1

7.1.1
7.1.2
7.1.3
7.1.4

7-1
7-1
7-2
7-2

7. 2

7.3

7.4
8

Drop Tests
T e l e m e t r y Conditions
Askania Conditions
M o t i o n - P i c t u r e Conditions

P r e t e s t Functions

7-2

7.2. 1
7.2.2
7.2.3

7-2
7-2
7-2

Test Preparation
Check L i s t s
P r e d r o p Briefing

P o s t - T e s t Functions

7-2

7.3.1
7. 3. 2
7. 3. 3

7-2
7-3
7-3

P o s t - D r o p Briefing
Test Specimen
T e s t Data

Quality Control R e s p o n s i b i l i t y

7-3

N O R T H R O P V E N T U R A FURNISHED S U P P O R T

8-1

8.1

Equipment

8-1

8. 2

Services

8-1

GOVERNMENT-FURNISHED SUPPORT

9-1

9. 1

T e s t Site

9-1

9.2

Aircraft

9-1

9.3

Facilities

9-1

9. 4

Services

9-1

9.5

Equipment

9-1

9.6

Data R e d u c t i o n and P r e s e n t a t i o n

9-2

NVR-3964

SECTION
10

PAGE
DOCUMENTATION AND REPORTS

10-1

10.1

651 1 th P a r a c h u t e T e s t G r o u p

10-1

10. Z

Northrop Ventura

10-2

REFERENCES

R-l

NVR-3964
v

ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE

PAGE
F o r c e and C o o r d i n a t e S y s t e m

xiii

1-1

Drop Test Schedule

1-6

2-1

C l o v e r l e a f P a r a c h u t e in F l i g h t

2-3

2-2

56-Foot D

Cloverleaf Parachute

Constructed

and I n f l a t e d D i m e n s i o n s

2-5

2-3

Flight V e h i c l e Deployment Sequence

2-7

2-4

Ground-Guidance Subsystem

2-8

2-5

Guidance System - A i r b o r n e

2-9

2-6

Telemetry Data-Acquisition System

2-12

4-1

Bomb-Test Data-Flow Diagram

4-2

4-2

Flight-Test Data-Flow Diagram

4-3

4-3
4_4

56-Foot D
Cloverleaf Parachute Nomenclature
W
56-Foot D
Cloverleaf Parachute Nomenclature
W

4-5
4-6

4-5

L / D Indicator Reference P a r a m e t e r s

4-7

4-6

NV D a t a - R e d u c t i o n S e q u e n c e

4-8

4-7

Q u i c k - L o o k Data F o r m a t

4-12

5-1

B o m b and C o m p o n e n t S c h e m a t i c

5-2

5-2

V e h i c l e and C o m p o n e n t A s s e m b l y

5-3

NVR-3964

TABLES
TABLE

PAGE

2-1

Test Specimen Summary

2-2

2-2

Cloverleaf Demonstration Tests - Operational

Time Sequence

2-10

2-3

Cloverleaf Demonstration Tests -

Emergency

Time Sequence

2-11

3-1

Design Verification Test Conditions

3-2

3-2

System Demonstration Test Conditions

3-3

3-3

T e c h n i c a l R e s t r a i n t s on C l o v e r l e a f

Test

Sequence

3-4

4-1

D r o p T e s t Data F l o w R e q u i r e m e n t s

4-11

6-1

Instrumentation Requirements - Design

Verification (Bomb)
Instrumentation Requirements - Demonstration
(Vehicle)

6-2

NVR-3964
vi i

6-3
6-4

NOMENCLATURE

D i a g r a m s that i l l u s t r a t e the s i g n i f i c a n t s y m b o l s u s e d in the f o r c e

and c o o r d i n a t e s y s t e m f o r g l i d i n g p a r a c h u t e s a r e s h o w n in the f i g u r e at the
end of t h i s l i s t i n g .
a

n u m b e r of p a r t i c u l a r

rib

A . C.

aerodynamic

A/ C

aircraft

f a c t o r due to u n e v e n l o a d i n g

f a c t o r due to s u s p e n s i o n l i n e c o n v e r g e n c e

CG

c e n t e r of g r a v i t y

velocity factor

C^

d r a g c o e f f i c i e n t ( a l o n g l i n e of f l i g h t ) b a s e d on S

center

angle

o
C^

d r a g c o e f f i c i e n t ( a l o n g l i n e of f l i g h t ) b a s e d on S
W

C^S

equivalent drag area,

CEP

circular e r r o r probable (impact area

l i f t c o e f f i c i e n t ( n o r m a l to l i n e of f l i g h t ) b a s e d on S

Ji

C
C

ft

LR
,
M

l i f t c o e f f i c i e n t ( n o r m a l to l i n e of f l i g h t ) b a s e d on S
^V
rolling moment coefficient
pitching m o m e n t c o e f f i c i e n t

yawing m o m e n t c o e f f i c i e n t

CP

c e n t e r of p r e s s u r e

total p a r a c h u t e f o r c e

radius)

CT

tangential f o r c e

side f o r c e

coefficient

coefficient

coefficient

NVR-3964
v ii i

d r a g f o r c e p a r a l l e l to f r e e s t r e a m ,

D
D
D

nominal parachute diameter,

o
o

ft

cluster equivalent nominal diameter,

ft

inflated parachute d i a m e t e r ,

s u s p e n s i o n line d i a m e t e r ,

vent d i a m e t e r ,

lb

ft

ft

ft

p a r a c h u t e d i a m e t e r b a s e d on S

, ft

D. F.

design factor

f a c t o r r e l a t e d to s t r e n g t h l o s s b y a b r a s i o n

c o n t r o l l i n e p o s i t i o n f o r tip s t e e r i n g

E
E
E

CG
CGI
CGO

control line extension for i n t e r i o r l i n e s ,

c o n t r o l line e x t e n s i o n f o r inner g r o u p of i n t e r i o r l i n e s ,

ft

c o n t r o l line e x t e n s i o n f o r outer g r o u p of i n t e r i o r l i n e s ,

ft

E^

differential flap setting,

l e n g t h of f l a p c o n t r o l l i n e e x t e n s i o n ,

-L E

F
F
F

leading edge extension,

CGI

f o r c e in flap r i s e r ,

FR

lb
lb

c o n t r o l l i n e f o r c e f o r i n n e r g r o u p s of i n t e r i o r l i n e s ,
con

FL

ft

ft

c o n t r o l line f o r c e f o r i n t e r i o r l i n e s ,

"^CGO

ft

c o n t r o l l i n e f o r c e f o r tip s t e e r i n g ,
CG

ft

t r o l l i n e f o r c e f o r o u t e r g r o u p of i n t e r i o r l i n e s ,
lb

force,

left flap r i s e r ,

force,

right flap r i s e r ,

lb
lb

NVR-3964
i x

lb
lb

MR

o
R
RL
F

RLI

F
F

RL2

RO

RR1

RR2

force,

main riser,

opening f o r c e ,

lb

lb

total o r resultant a e r o d y n a m i c p a r a c h u te f o r c e ,
f o r c e in r e e f i n g l i n e ,

lb

force,

forward left main r i s e r ,

force,

aft l e f t m a i n r i s e r ,

force,

reefed open,

force,

f o r w a r d right main r i s e r ,

force,

aft right m a i n r i s e r ,

lb

lb

lb
lb

lb

t a n g e n t i a l f o r c e ( m e a s u r e d a l o n g g e o m e t r i c a x i s of p a r a c h u t e ) ,
control flap depth,

ft

steering slot depth,

ft

IAS

indicated airspeed,

knots

safety factor

f a c t o r r e l a t e d to s t r e n g t h l o s s b y f a t i g u e

KEAS

equivalent airspeed,

l i f t f o r c e n o r m a l to f r e e s t r e a m ,

LR

rolling moment (ft-lb)

L / D

lift-to-drag

e f f e c t i v e s u s p e n s i o n line length,

l e n g t h of r i s e r ,

lb

knots
lb

ratio
ft

ft

l e n g t h of s u s p e n s i o n l i n e ,

ft

pitching m o m e n t ,

ft-lb

MSL

mean sea level

yawing m o m e n t ; also e m p i r i c a l

constant

NVR-3964
x

lb

n u m b e r of c a n o p i e s

n^

n u m b e r of g o r e s in f l a p

t o t a l n u m b e r of g o r e s in c a n o p y

n u m b e r of r i b s on o n e s i d e of c e n t e r l i n e ,
with z e r o r i b width

f a c t o r r e l a t e d to s t r e n g t h l o s s in m a t e r i a l f r o m w a t e r and w a t e r
vapor absorption

dynamic pressure,

d y n a m i c p r e s s u r e at d i s r e e f ,

radius,

R/D

r a t e of d e s c e n t ,

R/T

turn r a t e ,

nominal parachute area,

i n c l u d i n g the end p o i n t

psf
psf

ft
fps

deg/sec
Z
ft , total c l o t h w e t t e d a r e a d i v i d e d b v two

projected parachute area,

S
V

upper canopy s u r f a c e wetted a r e a ,

f a c t o r r e l a t e d to s t r e n g t h l o s s due to t e m p e r a t u r e

f i l l i n g t i m e of c a n o p y ,

thrust,

u
V
V

ft

ft

sec

lb

c r i t i c a l m a x i m u m unit l o a d ,

lb

f a c t o r i n v o l v i n g the s t r e n g t h l o s s at the c o n n e c t i o n of s u s p e n s i o n
l i n e and d r a g - p r o d u c i n g a r e a o r r i s e r
H
s

horizontal velocity,

fps

v e l o c i t y at s t a r t of f i l l i n g s e q u e n c e ,

V^

free stream velocity,

vertical velocity,

descent weight,

suspended weight,

fps

fps ( r e f e r e n c e velocity for c o e f f i c i e n t s )

fps
lb
lb

NVR-3964
x1

X,

Y,

X
X

Cartesian

coordinates

dimensionless factor,

infinite load shock factor

Xj

shock reduction factor

X , X^

total X f a c t o r

e q u a l to X ^ X ^

side f o r c e , lb; also L e w i s

e f f e c t i v e n u m b e r of s u s p e n s i o n l i n e s

A n g l e o f a t t a c k of p a r a c h u t e c a n o p y ( m e a s u r e d b e t w e e n p l a n e
of c a n o p y s k i r t and f r e e s t r e a m ) , d e g
i n c r e m e n t a l c h a n g e in c a n o p y a n g l e o f a t t a c k , d e g

Ci
r

constant

90 - y ,

deg

glide angle f r o m horizontal,

total p o r o s i t y ,

a n g l e b e t w e e n g e o m e t r i c a x i s of p a r a c h u t e and r e l a t i v e w i n d ,

deg

percent

deg
C

a n g l e b e t w e e n p a r a c h u t e a x i s and C P / C G a x i s ,

a n g l e of y a w ,

m a s s air density,

heading angle

deg
slugs

NVR-3964
x i i

deg

F o r c e and C o o r d i n a t e

NVR-3964
x ii i

System

SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION

C o n t r a c t N A S 9 - 5 0 8 8 a u t h o r i z e s a r e s e a r c h and d e v e l o p m e n t p r o g r a m f o r the d e s i g n ,

fabrication,

and t e s t d e m o n s t r a t i o n of a C l o v e r l e a f

p a r a c h u t e a s s e m b l y c a p a b l e of r e c o v e r i n g a 5, 0 0 0 - p o u n d s u s p e n d e d w e i g h t
at a d y n a m i c p r e s s u r e of 80 p s f and at a l t i t u d e s r a n g i n g f r o m 3, 000 to
18, 000 f e e t .

F o l l o w i n g s u c c e s s f u l d e p l o y m e n t and d e c e l e r a t i o n to a m a x i -

m u m d e s c e n t r a t e of 30 f p s , the a s s e m b l y m u s t be c a p a b l e of t u r n and L / D
m o d u l a t i o n to d e m o n s t r a t e a 25 d e g / s e c m i n i m u m t u r n r a t e and a 15 f p s
m a x i m u m h o r i z o n t a l l a n d i n g v e l o c i t y in w i n d s v a r y i n g f r o m 0 to 30 k n o t s .
The 3 0 - k n o t l a n d i n g c a p a b i l i t y w i l l b e p r o v e d b y e x t r a p o l a t i n g f l i g h t data in
l i e u of l a n d i n g i n 3 0 - k n o t w i n d s .
T h e c o n t r a c t N A S 9 - 5 0 8 8 e f f o r t w a s i n i t i a t e d on 20 S e p t e m b e r
with two p a r a l l e l a p p r o a c h e s ; i . e . , d e s i g n , f a b r i c a t i o n ,
D

1965

and t e s t of a 5 6 - f o o t

C l o v e r l e a f p a r a c h u t e b a s e d s o l i d l y on the d e s i g n c o n c e p t e v o l v e d u n d e r

C o n t r a c t A F 3 3 ( 6 5 7 ) - 1 0646 ( R e f e r e n c e 1); and w i n d - t u n n e l t e s t s to i n v e s t i gate the f e a s i b i l i t y of d e s i g n c h a n g e s that w o u l d a l l o w f a b r i c a t i o n of a

56-foot D

C l o v e r l e a f of l i g h t e r w e i g h t / v o l u m e and l o w e r c o s t .

t e s t s w e r e c o m p l e t e d on 3 D e c e m b e r 1 9 6 5 .

Wind-tunnel

R e f e r e n c e 2 i s the w i n d - t u n n e l

test final r e p o r t .
The w i n d - t u n n e l t e s t s r e s u l t e d in f o u r m a j o r d e t e r m i n a t i o n s that
a r e s i g n i f i c a n t f o r a p p l i c a t i o n in the c o n t r a c t N A S 9 - 5 0 8 8 d e v e l o p m e n t e f f o r t .
These d e t e r m i n a t i o n s are as f o l l o w s :
a.

It i s p r a c t i c a l to r e d u c e C l o v e r l e a f d e p l o y m e n t f o r c e s w i t h o u t

s e r i o u s l y i m p a i r i n g m a x i m u m L / D p e r f o r m a n c e w h i l e e x t e n d i n g the l o w L / D
modulation range.
b.

M i n o r i n c r e a s e s in c a n o p y c l o t h p e r m e a b i l i t y a f f e c t m a j o r l o s s

in L / D p e r f o r m a n c e ,

w h i l e r e l a t i v e l y l a r g e i n c r e a s e s in c a n o p y g e o m e t r i c

p o r o s i t y h a v e m i n o r e f f e c t s on m a x i m u m L / D

NVR-3964
1-1

performance.

c.

C a n o p y g o r e and l i n e g e o m e t r i e s a r e a m e n a b l e to d e s i g n

s i m p l i f i c a t i o n with o n l y m i n o r e f f e c t on m a x i m u m L / D
d.

performance.

A l t e r a t i o n s in the r e l a t i v e l e n g t h s of s u s p e n s i o n l i n e s a t t a c h e d

to the l o b e l e a d i n g e d g e s and t h o s e a t t a c h e d to the r e m a i n i n g l o b e

f e r e n c e i s o f m a j o r s i g n i f i c a n c e in i m p r o v i n g L / D

circum-

performance.

A s a r e s u l t of t h e s e f i n d i n g s , a M o d e l 5 0 2 - 5 6 C l o v e r l e a f i s b e i n g
d e s i g n e d and f a b r i c a t e d f o r t e s t e v a l u a t i o n ; h o w e v e r ,

the M o d e l

301-56

C l o v e r l e a f r e m a i n s the f i r s t o r d e r e f f o r t and c o n f l i c t s that m a y a r i s e in

s c h e d u l i n g the M o d e l 301 - 5 6 and M o d e l 5 0 2 - 5 6 e f f o r t s w i l l b e r e s o l v e d in
f a v o r of the M o d e l 301 - 5 6 .
T h i s d o c u m e n t d e l i n e a t e s the t e s t p l a n f o r d e p l o y m e n t i n t e g r i t y
and f l i g h t p e r f o r m a n c e e v a l u a t i o n of the M o d e l 301 5 6 - f o o t D

Cloverleaf

p a r a c h u t e and the M o d e l 502 5 6 - f o o t D ^ C l o v e r l e a f p a r a c h u t e .

Informa-

t i o n a l data a r e p r o v i d e d in a c c o r d a n c e w i t h the r e q u i r e m e n t s of

Contract

NAS 9 - 5 0 8 8 ,

Exhibit A , p a r a g r a p h IV. M.

A d d i t i o n a l data a r e p r o v i d e d to

a s s u r e a w e l l p l a n n e d and c o o r d i n a t e d e f f o r t f o r a e r i a l d r o p t e s t e v a l u a t i o n
of the t e s t

specimens.

T h e f o l l o w i n g p a r a g r a p h s p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n r e l a t i v e to the s c o p e
of t h i s d o c u m e n t ,

the o b j e c t i v e s of the d r o p t e s t p r o g r a m ,

and the s c h e d u l e

requirements .
1.1

SCOPE
T h i s t e s t p l a n d e l i n e a t e s the t e s t o b j e c t i v e s ,

system description,

test l o g i c ,

data l o g i c ,

d e t a i l e d s e q u e n c e of t e s t a c t i v i t i e s .
operations test support,
1.2

CONTRACT

proposed

schedule,

test vehicle d e s c r i p t i o n ,

and

Requirements for instrumentation,

and d o c u m e n t a t i o n a r e a l s o i n c l u d e d .

REQUIREMENTS

T h e o v e r a l l o b j e c t i v e s of C o n t r a c t NAS 9 - 5 0 8 8 a r e as f o l l o w s :
a.

T o d e v e l o p a s o u n d t e c h n i c a l f o u n d a t i o n on w h i c h to b a s e the

d e s i g n and d e v e l o p m e n t of a l a r g e ,

controllable

NVR-3964

parachute

b.

T o d e m o n s t r a t e the s o u n d n e s s o f the s e l e c t e d b a s i c p a r a c h u t e

d e s i g n b y s u c c e s s f u l l y r e c o v e r i n g a 5, 0 0 0 - p o u n d t e s t v e h i c l e w i t h i n the
c r i t e r i a o f the N A S A / M S C s t a t e m e n t of w o r k (to be f u r t h e r d e f i n e d )
c.

To d e m o n s t r a t e d e s c e n t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s c o m p a t i b l e with a

r o c k e t impact-attenuation s y s t e m or other i m p a c t s y s t e m which is

to v a r i a t i o n s in v e r t i c a l

sensitive

velocity.

The a e r i a l d r o p t e s t e f f o r t p l a n n e d in t h i s d o c u m e n t s u p p o r t s the
c o n t r a c t o b j e c t i v e s w i t h a w e l l o r g a n i z e d e f f o r t that i s o r i e n t e d t o w a r d p r o v i d i n g a d e q u a t e t e c h n i c a l data to s u b s t a n t i a t e that the f o l l o w i n g

contract

technical requirements are met:

a.

Suspended weight (approximate)

b.

Deployment altitudes (main parachute)

c.
deployment

Maximum

1 8 , 0 0 0 ft

Minimum

3, 000 ft

D y n a m i c p r e s s u r e at m a i n p a r a c h u t e
(approximate)
M o d e l 301 - 5 6

Cloverleaf

Normal

80 p s f

Maximum

120 p s f

Minimum

30 p s f

Model 502-56

d.

5, 000 l b

Cloverleaf

Normal

50 p s f

Maximum

7 5 psf

Minimum

30 p s f

M a x i m u m p a r a c h u t e l o a d at n o r m a l d y n a m i c

pressure

1 6 , 0 0 0 1b
e.

M a x i m u m v e r t i c a l d e s c e n t r a t e at s e a

level

30 f p s

NVR-3964
2-3

f.

Pendulum stability

(oscillation)

At m i n i m u m L / D

10 deg

During glide
g.

R a t e of t u r n

h.

System volume

5 deg
25 d e g / s e c

M o d e l 301 - 5 6 H e a v y w e i g h t C l o v e r l e a f
'
M o d e l 301 - 5 6 L i g h t w e i g h t C l o v e r l e a f
(0. 0 1 7 5 l b / i n . 3 d e n s i t y )
Model 502-56 Cloverleaf
(0. 01 75 l b / i n .
i.

Not applicable
3
4 . 2 ft
minimum

density)

Surface wind conditions

Normal

0 to 17. 5 k n o t s

Emergency
j.

min

Landing

17. 5 to 30. 0 k n o t s

condition

M o d u l a t i o n of l i f t - t o - d r a g ( L / D ) s h a l l be r e q u i r e d to the e x t e n t
that u n d e r the w i n d c o n d i t i o n s s p e c i f i e d , the t e s t v e h i c l e s h a l l n e v e r
w i t h a h o r i z o n t a l v e l o c i t y g r e a t e r than 15 f e e t p e r
k.

L/D

second,

modulation

T h e v a r i a t i o n in v e r t i c a l v e l o c i t y a s L / D i s m o d u l a t e d
be d e f i n e d .

impact

shall

E v e r y e f f o r t s h a l l be m a d e to r e s t r i c t the total v a r i a t i o n to a

minimum.
1.

S y s t e m weight
M o d e l 301 - 5 6 H e a v y w e i g h t C l o v e r l e a f
M o d e l 301 - 5 6 L i g h t w e i g h t

Cloverleaf

T o t a l w e i g h t f o r the C l o v e r l e a f p a r a c h u t e ,
riser(s),

Not applicable

suspension lines,

c o n n e c t o r l i n k s , and d e p l o y m e n t b a g s h a l l not e x c e e d 125 p o u n d s

w i t h a p a c k e d v o l u m e not to e x c e e d 4 . 2 c u b i c f e e t at a p a c k i n g d e n s i t y of
0. 01 75 p s f .
Model 502-56

Cloverleaf

T o t a l w e i g h t f o r the C l o v e r l e a f p a r a c h u t e ,
riser(s),

suspension lines,

c o n n e c t o r l i n k s , and d e p l o y m e n t b a g s h a l l be m i n i m a l .

p a r a c h u t e w i l l be p a c k e d to a d e n s i t y of 0. 01 75 p s f .
NVR-3964
1 -4

The

m.

Specifications
P a r a c h u t e s s h a l l be f a b r i c a t e d in a c c o r d a n c e w i t h M i l i t a r y

Specifications M I L - P - 7 6 2 0 ,

MIL-C-9401,

MIL-P-6635A,

MIL-P-9056,

and

MIL - P - 2 5062.
1.3

SCHEDULE
C o n t r a c t NAS 9 - 5 0 8 8 r e q u i r e s c o m p l e t i o n of the total t e c h n i c a l

e f f o r t and s u b m i s s i o n of a f i n a l r e p o r t in a 1 0 - 1 / 2 - m o n t h t i m e
s t a r t i n g with 20 S e p t e m b e r 1 9 6 5 .

period

Since NASA must make m a j o r

technical

d e c i s i o n s in June 1 966 c o n c e r n i n g the p o t e n t i a l f o r s t e e r a b l e p a r a c h u t e s in

manned space p r o g r a m s ,

N o r t h r o p V e n t u r a h a s e l e c t e d to a t t e m p t c o m p l e t i o n

of the p r o g r a m in a 9 - 1 / 2 - m o n t h t i m e s p a n .

The l a t e r t i m e span in l i e u of

the c o n t r a c t e d t i m e span i s r e f l e c t e d in the F i g u r e 1 - 1 S c h e d u l e .

Timely

p r o v i s i o n o f t e s t s u p p o r t d e t a i l e d in S e c t i o n s 8 and 9 i s r e q u i r e d to m a i n t a i n
the

schedule.

NVR-3964
2-5

SECTION Z
TEST SPECIMEN DESCRIPTION AND TESTING

CONCEPT

T h i s s e c t i o n d e l i n e a t e s the t e s t s p e c i m e n s and t e s t e q u i p m e n t f r o m
a c o n c e p t and u s e v i e w p o i n t to p r o v i d e a f i r m b a s i s f o r u n d e r s t a n d i n g and
e v a l u a t i n g the s u i t a b i l i t y of the t e s t p r o g r a m f o r m e e t i n g c o n t r a c t N A S
9-5088 objectives.
2. 1

Subsequent r e p o r t sections provide additional details.

TEST SPECIMEN

DESCRIPTION

T w o b a s i c d e s i g n c o n c e p t s w i t h a total of f o u r v e r s i o n s of the 5 6 foot D

C l o v e r l e a f parachute a r e planned f o r a l o g i c a l test s e q u e n c e .

t w o d e s i g n c o n c e p t s w i t h v e r s i o n s a r e s u m m a r i z e d in T a b l e 2 - 1 .

The

Figure

2 - 1 s h o w s a C l o v e r l e a f p a r a c h u t e ( M o d e l 3 0 1 - 1 6 ) in f l i g h t .
The b a s i c C l o v e r l e a f d e s i g n h a s t h r e e l o b e s i n t e g r a t e d into a
s i n g l e s t r u c t u r a l a s s e m b l y and p o s i t i o n e d to o b t a i n m a x i m u m a e r o d y n a m i c
l i f t by i n c r e a s i n g the a s p e c t r a t i o b e y o n d that of c o n v e n t i o n a l c a n o p y

shapes.

D r a g r e d u c t i o n has b e e n o b t a i n e d b y s h a p i n g the l e a d i n g e d g e s of all t h r e e

lobes; i . e . ,

r o l l i n g u n d e r the f o r w a r d c a n o p y s k i r t s to f o r m a r o u n d e d

leading-edge profile.

The f o r w a r d l o b e h a s b e e n f u r t h e r s h a p e d b y r e m o v i n g

m a t e r i a l n e a r the c e n t e r to a c h i e v e a l o w e r p r o f i l e and t h e r e b y f u r t h e r
reduce drag.

G u s s e t s b e t w e e n the s u s p e n s i o n l i n e s and the c a n o p y l e a d i n g

e d g e p e r m i t the i n f l a t e d l o b e s to a c h i e v e the d e s i r e d s h a p e .

An i n t e r i o r

w e b i s u s e d to r e t a i n a h i g h i n t e r n a l p r e s s u r e in the f o r w a r d l o b e and t h e r e b y d e l a y c a n o p y c o l l a p s e at high l i f t - t o - d r a g

ratios.

T w o e x t e n d a b l e f l a p s in the r e a r of the p a r a c h u t e add a d d i t i o n a l

t h r u s t and p r o v i d e d i r e c t i o n a l c o n t r o l .

T h e s e f l a p s m a y be r e t r a c t e d to

r e d u c e g l i d e o r e x t e n d e d to i n c r e a s e g l i d e .
modulation.

Tip control is used for

L/D

G u s s e t t y p e s e a l s a r e p r o v i d e d at e a c h end of the f l a p s to

m a i n t a i n i n t e r n a l c a n o p y p r e s s u r e w h i l e the f l a p s a r e e x t e n d e d and t h e r e b y
prevent canopy collapse.

T u r n c o n t r o l i s a f f o r d e d by tip c o n t r o l l i n e s at

the o u t b o a r d l e a d i n g e d g e of the f o r w a r d l o b e .

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F i g u r e 2 - 2 p r o v i d e s a p p r o x i m a t e d i m e n s i o n a l data f o r the 5 6 - f o o t
D

C l o v e r l e a f p a r a c h u t e in i n f l a t e d g l i d e d e s c e n t .

The

approximations

a r e g e n e r a l l y a c c u r a t e f o r b o t h the M o d e l 301 - 5 6 and the M o d e l

and a r e d e r i v e d f r o m d r o p t e s t r e c o r d s w i t h the M o d e l 301 - 4 0

502-56,
Cloverleaf.

F u r t h e r d e t a i l s on the t e s t s p e c i m e n s c a n be o b t a i n e d t h r o u g h r e v i e w of
the d r a w i n g s l i s t e d in T a b l e 2 - 1 .
D u r i n g the t e s t p r o g r a m ,

r e e f i n g p a r a m e t e r s m a y be a l t e r e d f o r

the t e s t s p e c i m e n s as data a r e o b t a i n e d and a n a l y z e d ; h o w e v e r ,

tests,

the r e e f i n g p a r a m e t e r s h a v e b e e n s e l e c t e d .

f o r initial

A four-stage

reefing

s y s t e m w i t h t h r e e s t a g e s of r e e f i n g w i l l be i n i t i a l l y e m p l o y e d a s f o l l o w s :
Reefing
Stage

% Lobe
Front
7 to 10

Reefing
Rear

C l o v e r l e af L o b e 80 q L o a d s - l b
Front
Ea. Rear
Total

ft2

7 to 10

280

5, 200

5, 200

15,600

35

7 to 10

620

9, 760

1 , 670

13,100

Open

7 to 10

1 , 340

9, 760

1 , 670

13,100

Open

Open

3, 450

1 , 670

5, 160

11,990

Full O p e n

R e e f i n g c u t t e r s w i t h 6 - , 8 - , and 1 0 - s e c o n d t i m e d e l a y s w i l l be u s e d to
a c h i e v e the d e s i r e d
2.2

TEST

staging.

CONCEPT

T h i s p a r a g r a p h f i r s t e x a m i n e s the g e n e r a l t e s t c o n c e p t ,

then

d e l i n e a t e s the o p e r a t i o n a l s e q u e n c e p l a n n e d f o r b o m b and f l i g h t t e s t s ,
then d e s c r i b e s the t e s t e q u i p m e n t f r o m a c o n c e p t u a l v i e w p o i n t .

and

Subsequent

s e c t i o n s of the r e p o r t p r o v i d e a d d i t i o n a l d e t a i l s .
T h e F i g u r e 1 - 1 s c h e d u l e r e v e a l s that a s e r i e s of 1 3 b o m b t e s t s and
14 f l i g h t t e s t s h a v e b e e n p l a n n e d f o r e v a l u a t i o n o f the M o d e l 301 - 5 6 and
Model 502-56 Cloverleaf parachutes.

The t e s t s h a v e b e e n p l a n n e d to

a c c o m m o d a t e t e s t s p e c i m e n and e q u i p m e n t a v a i l a b i l i t y s c h e d u l e s ;

however,

the a v a i l a b i l i t y s c h e d u l e s w e r e p r o g r a m m e d w i t h the t e s t l o g i c that i s

p r e s e n t e d u n d e r the T a b l e 2 - 1 r e m a r k s

column.

NVR-3964
2-4

F L A P A R E A FOR
GLIDE MODULATION

90.
3

F T

TIP A R E A
FOR

TURN

MODULATION

RIBBED LEADING EDGE

TOP VIEW LAYOUT

DIMENSIONS

16

FT D

CLOVERLEAF
W
= CANOPY UPPER
WETTED AREA
CANOPY DIAMETER
J_

INFLATED DESCENT
Figure 2-2.

DIMENSIONS

56-Foot D
Cloverleaf Parachute
and I n f l a t e d D i m e n s i o n s

NVR-3964
2-5

Constructed

B o m b D e s i g n V e r i f i c a t i o n T e s t s have b e e n p r o g r a m m e d with each

t e s t m o d e l p r i o r to r i s k i n g the f l i g h t v e h i c l e on S y s t e m
Tests.

Demonstration

The e q u i p m e n t f o r b o m b D e s i g n V e r i f i c a t i o n T e s t s i s

standard,

relatively

and n o t d i s c u s s e d in d e t a i l in the f o l l o w i n g p a r a g r a p h s .

c i e n t d e t a i l f o r u n d e r s t a n d i n g a r e p r o v i d e d in s u b s e q u e n t

Suffi-

sections.

The e q u i p m e n t f o r S y s t e m s D e m o n s t r a t i o n T e s t s , h o w e v e r ,
w o r t h y of c o n c e p t r e v i e w .
ment sequence.

F i g u r e 2 - 3 i l l u s t r a t e s the f l i g h t v e h i c l e

F o l l o w i n g this s e q u e n c e ,

a ground operator

r a t i o c o n t r o l of the v e h i c l e t h r o u g h the g r o u n d g u i d a n c e

deploy-

establishes

subsystem

i l l u s t r a t e d in F i g u r e 2 - 4 that i s l i n k e d v i a r a d i o to the a i r b o r n e
s u b s y s t e m i l l u s t r a t e d in F i g u r e 2 - 5 .

is

guidance

The g r o u n d c o n t r o l l e r w i l l g u i d e the

f l i g h t v e h i c l e t h r o u g h a p r e p l a n n e d s e r i e s of t u r n m o d u l a t i o n and L / D
m o d u l a t i o n m a n e u v e r s to o b t a i n the t e s t data r e q u i r e d to s u b s t a n t i a t e that
the M o d e l 301 - 5 6 and M o d e l 5 0 2 - 5 6 C l o v e r l e a f s y s t e m s m e e t the
m e n t s of C o n t r a c t NAS 9 - 5 0 8 8 .

require-

The d e t a i l e d f l i g h t p l a n s w i l l b e p r e p a r e d

and m a d e a v a i l a b l e to MSC at l e a s t o n e w e e k b e f o r e e a c h s y s t e m s

demon-

station test.
With the r e e f i n g p a r a m e t e r s d e s c r i b e d in p a r a g r a p h 2. 1 and the
f l i g h t v e h i c l e d e p l o y m e n t s e q u e n c e i l l u s t r a t e d in F i g u r e 2 - 3 , the t i m i n g
s e q u e n c e f o r a n o r m a l s y s t e m s d e m o n s t r a t i o n t e s t w i l l be as t a b u l a t e d in
Table 2 - 2 .
S h o u l d an e m e r g e n c y a r i s e that m a k e s it i m p o s s i b l e f o r the
C l o v e r l e a f p a r a c h u t e to p r o v i d e a n o r m a l d e s c e n t r a t e , a b a c k u p
u t i l i z i n g the G E M I N I 8 4 - f o o t D
Figure 2-3.

system

R i n g s a i l w i l l be e m p l o y e d as i l l u s t r a t e d in

The t i m i n g s e q u e n c e f o r the b a c k u p s y s t e m i s t a b u l a t e d in

Table 2 - 3 .
F i g u r e 2 - 6 p r o v i d e s a b l o c k d i a g r a m of the f l i g h t v e h i c l e
telemetry

system.

NVR-3964
1

-6

onboard


NORMAL SEQUENCE

VEHICLE EGRESS FROM A I R C R A F T .

EVENTS SWITCH A C T U A T E D BY PILOT STATIC LINE.
BACKUP SYSTEM ARMED BY S E P A R A T E STATIC LINE.
PILOT STATIC LINE SEVERS C L O V E R L E A F BAG TIEDOWNS.

2 )

PILOT CHUTE D E P L O Y E D .

3 )

C L O V E R L E A F LINE STRETCH. SEQUENCER A C T U A T E D .

REEFING CUTTERS A C T U A T E D .

(T)

R E E F E D DESCENT

(jT)

FRONT LOBE DISREEFS TO INTERMEDIATE STAGE.

(IT)

FRONT LOBE DISREEFS F U L L Y .

(jT)

REAR LOBES DISREEF F U L L Y .

(jP)

L / D INDICATOR PROBE EXTENDS.

EMERGENCY SEQUENCE
(j^)

C L O V E R L E A F DISCONNECTED BY GROUND COMMAND.

DROGUE CHUTE D E P L O Y E D

(TT)

EMERGENCY RECOVERY CHUTE E X T R A C T E D

(l2 )

VEHICLE DESCENDS ON R E C O V E R Y CHUTE

E M E R G E N C Y SEQUENCE

Figure 2 - 3
Flight Vehicle Deployment Sequence
NVR-3964
4-7

Pi

w
w
H Q a
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NVR-3964
2-8

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NVR-3964
2-9

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TABLE Z-Z.
C L O V E R L E A F DEMONSTRATION TESTS
OPERATIONAL TIME SEQUENCE
Figure Z-3 Reference
and E v e n t

Time

R e m a rk s

- 5 minute s

G u i d a n c e and I n s t r u m e n t a tion a c t u a t i o n .

Hand a r m e d in the a i r c r a f t
in a c c o r d a n c e with c h e c k
l i s t p r o v i d e d to the NV
flight e n g i n e e r .

- 5 to - 1

Calibration.
Check pilot
chute static line hookup.
Check e m e r g e n c y s y s t e m
static line hookup.

Two separate static l i n e s .

minute s

1.Z

seconds

Z seconds

(7)

Vehicle egress from

aircraft.
Events switch actuated
by pilot static line.
Backup system armed
by separate static line.
P i l o t static line s e v e r s
C l o v e r l e a f bag t i e downs.

(2)

P i l o t chute d e p l o y e d .

C l o v e r l e a f line
stretch.

^^

Sequencer actuated.
Reefing cutters
actuated.
Reefed
descent - 6 seconds.

Front lobe disreefed

to 55 p e r c e n t .

8 seconds
10 s e c o n d s

Q)

Front lobe disreefed

fully.

1Z s e c o n d s

(7)

Rear lobes disreefed

fully.

17 s e c o n d s

19 s e c o n d s

Flap r i s e r disconnects
fire. Probe timer
actuated.
(8)

Probe

extended

NVR-3964
2-10

Gravity drop.

D e f i n e d as c a n o p y s k i r t

Initial r e e f i n g 7 to 1 0 p e r cent.

Initial r e e f i n g
7 to 1 0 p e r c e n t .
15 s e c o n d s a f t e r
actuation.

sequencer

Z seconds after disconnects

on f l a p f i r e .

TABLE 2-3.

C L O V E R L E A F DEMONSTRATION TESTS
E M E R G E N C Y TIME SEQUENCE

Emergency
Time
0

seconds

second

1 1 seconds

Cloverleaf
ted

discon-

10 s e c o n d s a f t e r l a u n c h if
C l o v e r l e a f not d e p l o y e d . 20
s e c o n d s if s t r e a m i n g

D r o g u e chute d e p l o y e d

M o r t a r f i r e s.

R e c o v e r y chute
extracted

D r o g u e r e l e a s e d to a c t a s
pilot chute

NVR-3964
2-11

oh-H
H
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20.

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NVR-3964

2-12

LJ

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ao

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SECTION 3
TEST

CONDITIONS

T h i s s e c t i o n d e l i n e a t e s the t e s t c o n d i t i o n s p l a n n e d f o r the D e s i g n
V e r i f i c a t i o n and S y s t e m D e m o n s t r a t i o n a e r i a l d r o p s and d e s i g n a t e s the
t e c h n i c a l r e s t r a i n t s r e l a t i v e to d r o p t e s t s e q u e n c e .
T a b l e s 3 - 1 and 3 - 2 t a b u l a t e the s a l i e n t t e s t c o n d i t i o n s f o r D e s i g n
V e r i f i c a t i o n ( b o m b ) and S y s t e m D e m o n s t r a t i o n ( f l i g h t ) t e s t s

respectively.

The t a b l e s a r e s e l f e x p l a n a t o r y and d e t a i l e d d i s c u s s i o n i s n o t c o n s i d e r e d
necessary.

It i s p o s s i b l e ,

however,

that t h e s e p r e t e s t p l a n s m a y a l t e r

a s the p r o g r a m p r o g r e s s e s ; e . g. , a i r c r a f t a v a i l a b i l i t y o r t e s t
d a m a g e m a y n e c e s s i t a t e a c h a n g e of p l a n s .

specimen

S u c h c h a n g e s w i l l be

accom-

m o d a t e d in i n d i v i d u a l t e s t p l a n s in l i e u of r e v i s i o n s to t h i s d o c u m e n t .
T a b l e 3 - 3 p r e s e n t s a f l o w d i a g r a m that i l l u s t r a t e s the t e s t
sequence selected for technical considerations.
w i l l not be m a d e w i t h o u t full M S C / N V

coordination.

NVR-3964
3-1

C h a n g e s to t h i s t e s t f l o w

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NVR-3964

2-2
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301-56

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PDS- 51 76

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3964DV- 1 1

W
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5, 000
All
Tests

5, 000
5, 000
18,000
3, 000
18,000
18,000
18,000
5, 000
18,000
18,000
5, 000
18,000
18,000

Altitude
(ft)

o
X
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301-56

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301-56

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PDS-

w
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PDS51 76

301-56

ii

301-56

U
ii

<
DynamicPressure
(psf)

B-66 may be used for a l l

tests if necessary; however,
the B-66 must p e r f o r m
the t e s t a f t e r t a k e o f f s i n c e
i t cannot land w i t h t h e load.

Desired that all tests

e x c e p t the 120Q t e s t s be
made w i t h C - 1 30 a i r c r a f t .
B- 66 d e s i r e d for t h e l 2 0 Q
tests.

u
OS

3964DV - 1

O
ii
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Assembly
Wt. - (lb)

Cloverleaf
S e r i a l No.

W
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Assembly
Drawing No.

cn

D e s i r e d Conditions
C l o v e r l e a f Line S t r e t c h

O
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Suspended
Bomb
Weight
(lb)

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NVR-3964

2-3

a
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Q
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NVR-3964
3-4

SECTION 4
DATA-ACQUISITION

SYSTEM

T h i s s e c t i o n d e l i n e a t e s the d a t a - a c q u i s i t i o n and d a t a - m o n i t o r i n g
s y s t e m with a v i e w t o w a r d a s s u r i n g that c o m p l e t e and a d e q u a t e data a r e
p l a n n e d and e v a l u a t e d to d e m o n s t r a t e that the 5 6 - f o o t D i i r C l o v e r l e a f
W
all c o n t r a c t r e q u i r e m e n t s .
cussion,

F o r b r i e f n e s s and c l a r i t y in the f o l l o w i n g d i s -

b o m b t e s t and f l i g h t t e s t d a t a - f l o w d i a g r a m s a r e p r e s e n t e d in

F i g u r e s 4 - 1 and 4 - 2
4. 1

meets

respectively.

C O N T R A C T NAS 9 - 5 0 8 8 D A T A

REQUIREMENTS

T h e r i g h t - h a n d c o l u m n s in F i g u r e s 4 - 1 and 4 - 2 l i s t the c o n t r a c t
data r e q u i r e m e n t s as p r e s e n t l y c o o r d i n a t e d .

In a d d i t i o n to t h o s e data p l o t s ,

NV w i l l p r o v i d e MSC w i t h s i n g l e - p o i n t data f o r W /
and V
4.2

vs.

i_i

, C

L/D,

.
DATA-ACQUISITION

NETWORK

T h e l e f t - h a n d c o l u m n s in F i g u r e s 4 - 1 and 4 - 2 l i s t the data

a c q u i s i t i o n n e t w o r k s f o r the b o m b t e s t s and f l i g h t t e s t s r e s p e c t i v e l y .

This

l i s t i n g i n c l u d e s the d e t a i l e d data r e c o r d r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r e a c h p r i m a r y
acquisition method, i . e . ,
motion picutres,

telemetry,

and v i s u a l o b s e r v a t i o n .

f o l l o w i n g data r e c o r d s that a r e a l s o
a.

phototheodolite,

Visual Observation
t

Rawin,

The l i s t s do not i n c l u d e the

required:
Stop-watch

r e e f e d - f i l l time

f r o n t l o b e d i s r e e f e d to s e c o n d s t a g e

f r o n t l o b e d i s r e e f to f u l l o p e n

s i d e l o b e s d i s r e e f to f u l l o p e n

total d o w n t i m e ,

t
2
t
3
t
4
t.
d

NVR-3964
4-1

Contraves,

T E L E M E T R Y ( VS.
1.

TIME

R I S E R L O A D (Z)

P H O T O T H E O D O L I T E (VS.
1.

SPACE

TIME)
> j

POSITION

>

TRAJECTORY PARAMETERS (VS.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

RAWIN ( VS. A L T I T U D E )
1.

AMBIENT

PRESSURE

2.

AMBIENT

TEMPERATURE

3.

AMBIENT

DENSITY

4.

WIND D I R E C T I O N

5.

WIND V E L O C I T Y

C O N T R A V E S AND M O T I O N - P I C T U R E C A M E R A
1.

TIME OF

2.

TIMES O F LINE AND C A N O P Y

3.

TIMES OF R E E F E D AND D I S R E E F OPENING

4.

IMPACT TIME

5.

R E L A T I V E S T A B I L I T Y AND G E N E R A L

TIME )

TOTAL VELOCITY
VERTICAL VELOCITY
HORIZONTAL VELOCITY*
GROUND TRACK*
DYNAMIC PRESSURE
L/D*

COVERAGE

LAUNCH

>

DEPLOYMENT

TIMES

STRETCH
EVENTS

R E E F E D AND DISREEF
T O T A L FLIGHT TIME

PERFORMANCE

VISUAL OBSERVATION
1.

R E L A T I V E STABILITY AND G E N E R A L

2.

E F F E C T O F WIND

PERFORMANCE

>

>

P A R A C H U T E F O R C E - TIME HISTORY

SYSTEM DRAG AREA

VS. T I M E

T O T A L V E L O C I T Y VS.
>

TIME

R A T E O F D E S C E N T VS.

TIME

D Y N A M I C P R E S S U R E VS.
PARACHUTE DRAG
A R E A VS. T I M E

TIME

P A R A C H U T E OPENING F O R C E X F A C T O ]
^

T E M P E R A T U R E VS.
A I R D E N S I T Y VS.

ALTITUDE

ALTITUDE

ES

CEF O P E N I N G
EE
>

^ACADEMIC INTEREST ONLY

STABILITY

C O N T R A C T NAS 9 - 5 0 8 8
LARGE CONTROLLABLE

PARACHUTE

BOMB TEST DATA-FLOW

PREP.

BY:

APPV.

BY:

DIAGRAM

C.

C HI/FC' </JU- L

Figure 4-1
B o m b - T e s t Data - F l o w D i a g r a m
NVR-3964
A

T E L E M E T R Y (VS. TIME)
1.

RISER FORCE (2 EA)

2.

PITCH ANGLE

3.

VERTICAL ANGLE

4.

YAW ANGLE

5.

TIP-CONTROL LINE LENGTH

6.

FLAP-CONTROL LINE LENGTH

7.

TIP-CONTROL LINE FORCE (2 EA)

8.

FLAP-CONTROL LINE FORCE (2 EA)

9.

RATE OF TURN

10.

GLIDE PATH
ANGLE V S . TIME

L / D VS. TIME
T O T A L VELOCITY
VS. TIME

MAGNETIC HEADING

PHOTOTHEODOLITE (VS.TIME)
1.

-^.TRAJECTORY PARAMETERS (VS. TIME)

SPACE POSITION

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

RAWIN (VS. ALTITUDE)

1.

AMBIENT PRESSURE

2.

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

3.

AMBIENT DENSITY

4.

WIND VELOCITY

5.

WIND DIRECTION

t
t t !

SYSTEM DRAG
AREA VS. TIME

T O T A L VELOCITY
VERTICAL VELOCITY
HORIZONTAL VELOCITY
GROUND TRACK*
DYNAMIC PRESSURE
L/D*
OSCILLATION

CONTRAVES & MOTION-PICTURE CAMERA COVERAGE:

1.

TIME OF LAUNCH

2.

TIMES OF LINE AND CANOPY STRETCH

3.

TIMES OF REEFED AND DISREEF OPENING EVENTS

4.

IMPACT TIME

5.

RELATIVE STABILITY AND GENERAL PERFORMANCE

DEPLOYMENT TIMES
REEFED & DISREEFED OPENING TIMES
T O T A L FLIGHT TIMES

VISUAL OBSERVATION
1.

RELATIVE STABILITY AND GENERAL PERFORMANCE

2.

E F F E C T OF WIND

ACADEMIC INTEREST ONLY

** REQUIRED BY CONTRACT

DYN.

PARACHUTE FORCE - TIME HISTORY**

L / D VS. TIME * *
L / D VS. CONTROL SURFACE DEF.

**

VALIDITY OF L / D DATA
RATE OF TURN VS. CONTROL SURFACE DEF. **
RATE OF DESCENT VS. TIME **
STEERING CONTROL FORCE VS. CONTROL LENGTH
RATE OF TURN VS.TIME **
RATE OF TURN VS.CONTROL LINE LOAD **
TURN RESPONSE
T O T A L VELOCITY VS. TIME **
E F F E C T OF TURN RATE ON L / D **
DYNAMIC PRESSURE VS.TIME **
C L 0 & C D Q VS. F L A P SETTING

c L o VS. C D q * *
V E R T I C A L VELOCITY AND HORIZONTAL
VELOCITY VS. F L A P DEFLECTION
VERTICAL VELOCITY VS. HORIZONTAL V E L O C I T Y **
PENDULUM STABILITY VS. TIME **
E F F E C T OF TURN RATE ON VY
T E M P E R A T U R E VS.ALTITUDE * *
C

LW

& C

DW

VS-

F L A P SETTING

AIR DENSITY VS. ALTITUDE **

V E R T I C A L VELOCITY VS. L / D * *
PARACHUTE OPENING FORCE X FACTORS

d-w vs. c D w
F L A P CONTROL FORCE V S . F L A P SETTING
" C L O VS. L / D **
C D O VS. L / D **
C L W VS. L / D
_ C D W VS. L / D
STABILITY
E F F E C T OF TURN RATE ON CD Q * *
E F F E C T OF TURN RATE ON CLq

**

E F F E C T OF MANEUVERS ON
FLIGHT PERFORMANCE
E F F E C T OF TURN RATE ON C D

W
E F F E C T OF TURN RATE ON C L W
CONTRACT NAS 9 - 5 0 8 8
L A R G E , C O N T R O L L A B L E PARACHUTE
FLIGHT-TEST DATA-FLOW DIAGRAM

Figure 4-2
F l i g h t - T e s t Data - F l o w D i a g r a m
NVR-3964

b.

Damage

Chart

T h e t e c h n i c a l f l o w s b e t w e e n data a c q u i s i t i o n and data r e d u c t i o n f o r a n a l y s i s

a r e i n c l u d e d in F i g u r e s 4 - 1 and 4 - 2 .

The v i s u a l o b s e r v a t i o n

stopwatch

t i m e s w i l l be u s e d f o r q u i c k data r e p o r t s and p r e l i m i n a r y e v a l u a t i o n s

only.

T h e s e data w i l l be d i s c a r d e d w h e n the C o n t r a v e s a n d / o r m o t i o n p i c t u r e
times become

available.

It i s r e q u i r e d that the t e l e m e t r y ,

phototheodolite,

Contraves,

and

w h e r e p o s s i b l e the m o t i o n p i c t u r e c o v e r a g e b e r e c o r d e d with a b i n a r y t i m e
system reference.

M o t i o n p i c t u r e c o v e r a g e that c a n n o t be tied to b i n a r y

t i m e s h o u l d be p r o v i d e d w i t h t i m i n g l i g h t s .
4.3

DATA REFERENCE

PARAMETERS

T h i s p a r a g r a p h d e l i n e a t e s the r e f e r e n c e p a r a m e t e r s to be u s e d
t h r o u g h o u t the t e s t p r o g r a m f o r r e p o r t d e s c r i p t i v e p u r p o s e s ,
and r e p o r t i n g p u r p o s e s ,

data

recording

and data a n a l y s i s .

S y m b o l s to be u s e d a r e l i s t e d in the n o m e n c l a t u r e that f o l l o w s the

t a b l e of c o n t e n t s and i l l u s t r a t i o n s .

F i g u r e s 4 - 3 and 4 - 4 p r e s e n t

f o r p r o p e r o r i e n t a t i o n and d e s i g n a t i o n s in r e p o r t i n g .
r e f e r e n c e p a r a m e t e r s f o r the L / D

sketches

Figure 4 - 5 provides

indicator.

C a r d i n a l d e s i g n a t i o n s f o r s p e c i f i c p a r a c h u t e p a r a m e t e r s a r e as
follows:
D

(C^S),.
D W
4.4

to b e e s t i m a t e d f r o m p h o t o t h e o d o l i t e .

NV D A T A - R E D U C T I O N

ROUTINE

The d a t a - r e d u c t i o n s e q u e n c e to be i m p l e m e n t e d at NV f o r the
a e r i a l d r o p t e s t s i s p r e s e n t e d in F i g u r e 4 - 6 .
the f l o w d i a g r a m i s d e f i n e d as f o l l o w s :

NVR-3964
2-4

The n o m e n c l a t u r e u s e d in

W
J h

CM
X

u
H
W
oa
CO iH
rd
-t->

M
.H
<+H
a
o
U
+a;
->
1

o
aJ
nJ

OH

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nl
0)

ii

JH

(I)
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0
II
U

Q
1
sD
m
rO
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<1)
d
Ml

r-l

NVR-3964

2-5

FLAP
LINES

4 INCH S L A C K
TIP JUMPER
L I N E S IN
NEUTRAL
POSITION

CONNECTOR
RIGHT RISER
FLAP CABLES
TIP CABLES

VEHICLE
HARNESS

FWD-

NOTE:

Figure 4 - 4 .

AFT

D I M E N S I O N S IN I N C H E S
UNLESS OTHERWISE S P E C I F I E D

56-Ft D

Cloverleaf Parachute

NVR-3964
1

-6

Configuration

FLAP

T I P L I N E A N D F L A P POSITION Z E R O R E F E R E N C E IS W I T H A L L
SUSPENSION LINE A T T A C H POINTS E Q U I - D I S T A N T F R O M TEST
VEHICLE.

2.

H E A D I N G R E F E R E N C E IS T H A T O F L A U N C H A I R C R A F T ,
MINUTE BEFORE

ONE

LAUNCH.

. A
^

YAW
VANE

\
\

YAW
ANGLE

(TOP VIEW)

VERTICAL

L / D INDICATOR

( T ) A N D ( D A N G L E S SHOWN IN P O S I T I V E D I R E C T I O N
G L I D E A N G L E B = (J) +
1 ) + INSTRUMENT CORRECTION

Figure 4 - 5 .

L / D Indicator Reference

NVR-3964
4-7

Parameters

Q
<
O
J
W

z
J

J
o
H
O
o
o.

Bi

w
o
H h

o|
U1 (J
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Z
co z< <
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>ou

wu
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m

in sO

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cr

0)
cn

+->
iH

u
TJ
<D
1
nj
4->
nJ

Q
>

Z
vO
i
<u

05
H
W
2
w
H

<}
Z
<
X

10
<

Z W
H
2

H
a.

NVR-3964

2-8

P Y T Routine

Plot vs.

time

subroutine

S T A T Routine

A s u b r o u t i n e to d e t e r m i n e

statistical

v a r i a t i o n s of the m e a s u r e d L / D

from

the A s k a n i a L / S ( e . g . , d e v i a t i o n f r o m
the m e a n ,
PVA

Routine

A C C U M 1 Routine

etc. )

P l o t s v s . altitude

subroutine

A subroutine which accumulates

w h i c h m e e t s the f o l l o w i n g
a.

data

restrictions:

A specified m a x i m u m allowable
turn rate

b.

F l a p p o s i t i o n n u m b e r m u s t be
constant.

( T h e data to be p l o t t e d

w i l l be a v e r a g e d f o r e a c h t i m e
p e r i o d that m e e t s the

restrictions

of A C C U M 1 . )
P L O T 1 Routine

A s u b r o u t i n e w h i c h p l o t s the data
obtained f r o m A C C U M 1

A C C U M 2 Routine

A s u b r o u t i n e w h i c h a c c u m u l a t e s data
w h i c h m e e t s the f o l l o w i n g
a.

restrictions:

A s t e a d y - s t a t e t u r n r a t e m u s t be
in e f f e c t

b.

F l a p p o s i t i o n and tip c o n t r o l - l i n e
p o s i t i o n m u s t be c o n s t a n t .

(The

data to be p l o t t e d w i l l be a v e r a g e d
f o r e a c h t i m e p e r i o d that m e e t s the
r e s t r i c t i o n s of A C C U M
P L O T 2 Routine

2. )

A s u b r o u t i n e w h i c h p l o t s the data o b tained f r o m A C C U M 2.

NVR-3964
2-9

4. 5

DROP TEST DATA FLOW

REQUIREMENTS

T h i s p a r a g r a p h d e l i n e a t e s the d a t a - f l o w r e q u i r e m e n t s
M S G / 6 5 1 1 t h / N V to a s s u r e p r o p e r c o o r d i n a t i o n and t e c h n i c a l

between

responsiveness

to the f i n d i n g s that e v o l v e f r o m e a c h d r o p .
T a b l e 4 - 1 t a b u l a t e s the d a t a - f l o w r e q u i r e m e n t s .

Figure 4-7

p r o v i d e s a s e t o f f o r m a t s to be u s e d b y M S C / 6 5 1 1 t h / N V f o r e a s e of t e l e c o n
data t r a n s m i s s i o n .

The F i g u r e 4 - 7 f o r m a t s w i l l be i n c l u d e d and m a i n t a i n e d

i n the m o n t h l y p r o g r e s s r e p o r t s to M S G .

R e d u c e d data w i l l a l s o be p r o -

v i d e d in the p r o g r e s s r e p o r t s as it b e c o m e s

NVR-3964
2-10

available.

0
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NVR-3964

uu
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f :
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4-11

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C O N T R A C T NAS 9 - 5 0 8 0 NASA
QUICK LOOK

Test
No.

Test
Date

El Centro
Drop No.

Test
Specimen

Test
Vehicle

Gross

Descent

lb

lb

FIRST STAGE

LAUNCH DATA

WEIGHT
Suspended

lb

D/SW
psf

Vehicle

Altitude Velocity

psf

KEAS

ft

Reefing

tfi

sec

QUICK L O O

WEIGHT
Test
No.

Test
Date

El Centro
Drop No.

Test
Specimen

Test
Vehicle

Gross

Descent

Suspended

lb

lb

lb

/s
D' W
psf

LAUNC1
Vehicle

Altitude Velo
ft

KE

LARGE C O N T R O L L A B L E
DEPLOYMENT DATA
DEPLOYMENT

PARACHUTE

DATA

Reefing

lb

Fdx

tf2

R e e fi n g

tf3

lb

sec

F O U R T H S T /^GE

THIRD S T A G E

SECOND S T A G E

F d

Reefing

lb

sec

tf4

sec

Fd3
lb

DAMAGE

REMARKS

IK FLIGHT D A T A

FLIGHT DATA
L/O

H DATA
>city
:AS

Dynamic P r e s s u r e
psf

max

min

@ Max L / D

@ Min L / D

Turn
Rate

Vy @
Turn Rate

fps

fps

deg/sec

fps

REMARKS

Figure 4-7
Q u i c k - L o o k Data F o r m a t
NVR-3964
4-12

SECTION 5
TEST VEHICLES

T h i s s e c t i o n d e s c r i b e s the t e s t v e h i c l e s and p r o v i d e s data r e l e v a n t

to f l i g h t v e h i c l e
5. 1

safety.

INSTRUMENTED CYLINDRICAL BOMB

DESCRIPTION

The d e s i g n v e r i f i c a t i o n t e s t s w i l l be c o n d u c t e d u s i n g a g o v e r n m e n t furnished,

5, 0 0 0 - p o u n d ,

long (Figure 5 - 1 ) .
camera,

c y l i n d r i c a l b o m b 36 i n c h e s in d i a m e t e r and 10 f e e t

The b o m b i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n w i l l i n c l u d e an o n b o a r d

two strain l i n k s ,

a three-axis accelerometer,

and f i v e t e l e m e t r y

channels.
5. 2

FLIGHT VEHICLE

DESCRIPTION

The s y s t e m d e m o n s t r a t i o n t e s t s w i l l b e c o n d u c t e d u s i n g a s l e d - t y p e
v e h i c l e b a l l a s t e d to 5, 000 p o u n d s ( F i g u r e 5 - 2 ) .

The v e h i c l e w i l l be e q u i p p e d

to p r o v i d e d i r e c t i o n a l and g l i d e c o n t r o l to the p a r a c h u t e v i a r a d i o
f r o m a ground station.

Two o n b o a r d c a m e r a s will be e m p l o y e d :

b e d i r e c t e d t o w a r d the c a n o p y and one t o w a r d the h o r i z o n .

signals
one will

The v e h i c l e

i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n w i l l i n c l u d e 14 c h a n n e l s of t e l e m e t r y and an e m e r g e n c y
system receiver.

( I n s t r u m e n t a t i o n i s d e s c r i b e d in S e c t i o n 6. 0. )

The v e h i c l e w i l l be p r o v i d e d with an e m e r g e n c y p a r a c h u t e

system

c o n s i s t i n g o f a d r o g u e p a r a c h u t e that i s m o r t a r d e p l o y e d b y a c o m m a n d
s i g n a l f r o m the g r o u n d c o m m a n d c o n t r o l .

The d r o g u e chute w i l l

the v e h i c l e and d e p l o y a m a i n p a r a c h u t e f o r v e h i c l e

NVR-3964
5-1

recovery.

stabilize

Figure 5-1.

B o m b and C o m p o n e n t S c h e m a t i c

NVR-3964
1
-2

PDS 52 3 4 - 1 DECODER

PDS 5 2 3 2 - 1 S E Q U E N C E C O N T R O L ASSY
M S 2 7 0 3 9 - 1 - 0 9 SCREW - 4 R E Q ' D

MODEL 2620 C RECEIVER

CA-12 I B A T T E R Y - 2 REQ'D

6042H24 R E L A Y - 4 R E Q ' D
4 1 6 4 MOUNTING B L O C K - 2 R E Q ' D
A N L 275 BUSS L I M I T E R - 2 R E Q ' D

PDS 5 2 4 0 - 1 I N T E R C O N N E C T I N G C A B L E ASSY

PDS 5 2 2 0 - 1 C O N T R O L I N S T A L L A T I O N

BATTERY

COVER

20-2H120 B A T T E R Y - 4 REQ'D ^5^

C A M E R A B A T T E R Y - 2 R E Q ' D (GFE;

mm PHOTO-SONICS
IF C A M E R A ( G F E )

COVER - 4 REQ'D

62C1248 T L M TRANSMITTER - 2 REQ'D (GFE)

Figure 5-2
V e h i c l e and C o m p o n e n t
PDS 52 36 - 1 SIGNAL CONDITIONING ASSY

NVR-3964
4-3

Assembly

5. 3

FLIGHT VEHICLE

5. 3. 1

Flight V e h i c l e

PRECAUTIONS

Launch

T o a s s u r e o p t i m u m c o n d i t i o n s f o r the s y s t e m d e m o n s t r a t i o n

(vehicle)

t e s t s the i t e m s n o t e d b e l o w w i l l r e c e i v e s p e c i f i c a t t e n t i o n d u r i n g i n f l i g h t
( C - 1 3 0 ) launch preparation:
a.

P r o v i s i o n s w i l l be m a d e to a s s u r e that the a i r b o r n e

guidance

s y s t e m o n the f l i g h t v e h i c l e d o e s not r e a c h a t e m p e r a t u r e b e l o w 0 F .
b.

c.

S e p a r a t e s t a t i c l i n e s w i l l be u s e d f o r :
1)

P i l o t chute s t a t i c l i n e , o v e r h e a d a t t a c h e d ( s e q u e n c e r
arming, starts c a m e r a s , s e v e r s C l o v e r l e a f - b a g tiedowns, deploys pilot chute).

2)

E m e r g e n c y s y s t e m static line, f l o o r attached

switch).

(arming

T e l e m e t r y and g u i d a n c e s y s t e m s w i l l be a r m e d m a n u a l l y at

l e a s t 5 m i n u t e s p r i o r to l a u n c h .
d.

S y s t e m s f u n c t i o n a l c h e c k and c a l i b r a t e w i l l be c o m p l e t e d

one minute b e f o r e launch.

e.
5. 3. 2

S t a t i c l i n e s and l a n y a r d s w i l l r e c e i v e f i n a l c h e c k .

The v e h i c l e w i l l be l a u n c h e d a f t - e n d f i r s t .

Flight Vehicle E m e r g e n c y S y s t e m
If the t e s t s p e c i m e n p a r a c h u t e d o e s n o t o p e n c o m p l e t e l y ,

d e s c e n t r a t e e x c e e d s a s a f e v a l u e f o r the t e s t v e h i c l e ,
r e c o v e r y s y s t e m w i l l be i n i t i a t e d .

and the

the e m e r g e n c y

T h i s s y s t e m w i l l c o n s i s t of a m o r t a r -

d e p l o y e d d r o g u e c h u t e that s t a b i l i z e s the v e h i c l e and then d e p l o y s an 8 4 foot D

main parachute.

The i m p o r t a n t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of this s y s t e m and

its u s e a r e as f o l l o w s :
a.

The d r o g u e - c h u t e m o r t a r w i l l be p o i n t e d in the v e h i c l e - a f t

direction.
b.

T h e s t a t i c l i n e f o r e m e r g e n c y s y s t e m a r m i n g w i l l be l o n g

e n o u g h to a l l o w the v e h i c l e to c l e a r the r a m p b e f o r e c l o s i n g the s w i t c h .

c.

The e m e r g e n c y e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m w i l l be c o m p l e t e l y

f r o m other electrical

systems.

NVR-3964
5-4

separate

d.

T h e s y s t e m w i l l p r o v i d e f o r r e l e a s i n g the C l o v e r l e a f p a r a c h u t - ;

f r o m the v e h i c l e p r i o r to d e p l o y i n g the e m e r g e n c y s y s t e m (0. 5 to 1 s e c o n d ) .

e.

The d r o g u e chute w i l l r e m a i n a t t a c h e d to the v e h i c l e f o r 10

f.

C o n d i t i o n s w h i c h w i l l be c a u s e f o r e m e r g e n c y s y s t e m a c t u a t i o n

seconds.

( g r o u n d c o n t r o l ) w i l l b e as f o l l o w s :

g.

1)

A s t r e a m i n g , but s t i l l a t t a c h e d , C l o v e r l e a f w i l l d i c t a t e
a c t u a t i o n 20 s e c o n d s a f t e r l a u n c h .

2)

A C l o v e r l e a f not d e p l o y e d f r o m i t s bag w i l l d i c t a t e
a c t u a t i o n 10 s e c o n d s a f t e r l a u n c h .

The e m e r g e n c y s y s t e m w i l l be a c t u a t e d a f t e r n o r m a l g r o u n d

i m p a c t w h e n w i n d c o n d i t i o n s m i g h t c a u s e d a m a g e to the C l o v e r l e a f if it
r e m a i n s a t t a c h e d to the v e h i c l e .

NVR-3964
2-5

SECTION 6
INSTRUMENTATION

I n s t r u m e n t a t i o n f o r the a e r i a l d r o p t e s t s w i l l c o n s i s t of t e l e m e t r y ,
cinetheodolite,

Contraves,

R a w i n , and p h o t o g r a p h i c c o v e r a g e as t a b u l a t e d

in T a b l e 6 - 1 f o r d e s i g n v e r i f i c a t i o n t e s t s and T a b l e 6 - 2 f o r s y s t e m d e m o n s t r a t i o n te s t s .
6. 1

PHOTOGRAPHIC
The p h o t o g r a p h i c c o v e r a g e d e t a i l e d in T a b l e s 6 - 1 and 6 - 2 i s

r e q u i r e d to:
a.
Cloverleaf
b.

A s s e s s the d e p l o y m e n t and o p e n i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the

parachute.
A s s e s s C l o v e r l e a f p e r f o r m a n c e and r e s p o n s e to g l i d e - a n d -

turn c o m m a n d s .
c.

P r o v i d e d o c u m e n t a r y e v i d e n c e of d a m a g e ,

packaging,

rigging,

and o t h e r p e r t i n e n t e v e n t s .
A l l p h o t o g r a p h i c c o v e r a g e w i l l be p r o v i d e d b y the 6511th T e s t
Group.

C a r e s h o u l d b e e x e r c i s e d b y the p h o t o g r a p h i c p e r s o n n e l to a s s u r e

that d e t a i l e d y e t c o m p l e t e c o v e r a g e i s o b t a i n e d .

B i n a r y t i m i n g w i l l be

i n c o r p o r a t e d on all data e x c e p t the v e h i c l e and a i r c r a f t p h o t o g r a p h y .

6.2

ASKANIA
A m i n i m u m of t h r e e s a t i s f a c t o r y c i n e t h e o d o l i t e r e c o r d s

r e q u i r e d on a l l d r o p s .

are

The data a r e to b e w e a t h e r c o r r e c t e d f o r wind

v e l o c i t y and a t m o s p h e r i c c o n d i t i o n s .

W e a t h e r p r o f i l e ( R a w i n ) data a r e to

be o b t a i n e d as c l o s e to the d r o p t i m e and d r o p site a s p o s s i b l e .

6. 3

CONTRAVES
T h i r t y f r a m e s - p e r - s e c o n d C o n t r a v e s r e c o r d s w i l l be o b t a i n e d on

e a c h t e s t to a n n o t a t e the A s k a n i a and t e l e m e t r y d a t a .

NVR-3964
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6.4

TELEMETRY
F o u r t e e n c h a n n e l s o f t e l e m e t r y data w i l l be r e c o r d e d f o r e a c h

vehicle drop test.

T h e 6511th T e s t G r o u p w i l l a s s i s t in c h e c k o u t of the G F E

t e l e m e t r y t r a n s m i t t e r s on the f l i g h t v e h i c l e .

NVR-3964
2-2

TABLE 6-1.

INSTRUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN V E R I F I C A T I O N (BOMB)

TELEMETRY
F i v e C h a n n e l s w i t h t r a n s m i t t e r , b a t t e r i e s and a n t e n n a .
ASKANIA
Five

C i n e t h e o d o l i t e c a m e r a s t a t i o n s (5 f r a m e s p e r

second)

RAWIN
A t m o s p h e r i c c o n d i t i o n s at a l t i t u d e ( p r e s s u r e , t e m p e r a t u r e ,
d e n s i t y ) ; w i n d data at a l t i t u d e ( d i r e c t i o n and v e l o c i t y . )

and

OBSERVATION
Turning rate (stop watch) relative stability,
general performance

wind e f f e c t ,

and

PHOTOGRAPHIC

Type
Onboard

L e n s Dia
inche s
13. 7

F i l m Size
(mm)

Color

Speed
(frame s
per sec)

16

Yes

128

Period

Launch A / C

16

Yes

200

40 s e c o n d s

Air-to-Air

70

No

1 0-20

Deployment

Air-to-Air

16

Yes

200

Flight

Ground-to-Air

1Z

16

Yes

24

Flight

Ground-to-Air

24

16

Yes

100

Deployment

Ground-to-Air

100

70

Yes

1 0-50

Flight

Contrave s

1 ZO

35

No

Stills

8 - 1 / 2 X 11 G l o s s of p a c k i n g ,

NVR-3964
1

-3

30

Flight

r i g g ing and d a m a g e

TABLE

TELEMETRY

6-2.

INSTRUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS
DEMONSTRATION (VEHICLE)

- GFE

T w o e i g h t - c h a n n e l s e t s w i t h t r a n s m i t t e r s and b a t t e r i e s p l u s a n t e n n a .
F o u r t e e n channels will be u s e d .
ASKANIA - GFE
Five Cinetheodolite c a m e r a

stations

RAWIN - G F E
A m b i e n t (at altituc e) c o n d i t i o n data on p r e s s u r e ,
density.

t e m p e r a t u r e and

W i n d d a t a (at a l t i t u d e on d i r e c t i o n and v e l o c i t y . )
OBSERVATION

- NORTHROP

VENTURA

T u r n i n g r a t e ( s t o p w a t c h ) r e l a t i v e s t a b i l i t y , w i n d e f f e c t and g e n e r a l
performance.
PHOTOGRAPHIC

Type

- G F E ( i n c l u d e s c a m e r a s and b a t t e r i e s f o r o n - b o a r d )

Lens Dia
inche s

F i l m Size
(mm)

Color

Speed
(frame s
per sec)

Onboard
(canopy)

13. 7

16

Yes

128

(Horizon)

1 3. 7

16

Yes

24
200

Pe riod

3 minutes

Launch A / C
to A i r

16

Yes

Air-to-Air

70

No

16

Yes

70

No

12

16

Yes

24

24

16

Yes

100

100

70

Yes

1 0-50

Flight

120

35

No

30

Flight

(Helicopter)
Ground-to-Air

Contrave s

10-20
200
1 0-20

40 s e c
Deployment
Flight
Turning
Flight
Deployment

S t i l l s - 8 - 1 / 2 X 11 G l o s s of P a c k i n g and R i g g i n g - D e s c e n t s e q u e n c e
P r o f i l e s (true and i n f l a t i o n and d i s r e e f ) d a m a g e .

NVR-3964
1

-4

(70mm)

SECTION 7
OPERATIONAL

PROCEDURE

This test p r o g r a m is authorized by A F F T C

AFSC- p r i o r i t y of 6 A .

L I C 9 0 6 9 , w i t h an

The e f f o r t is b e i n g a c c o m p l i s h e d under

NASA/MSC

C o n t r a c t N u m b e r N A S 9 - 5 0 8 8 and N o r t h r o p V e n t u r a P r o j e c t N u m b e r

6036.

N o r t h r o p V e n t u r a i s the r e s p o n s i b l e t e s t i n g a g e n c y f o r the p r o g r a m
and w i l l p r o v i d e d i r e c t i o n f o r a l l f u n c t i o n s a s s o c i a t e d with the d r o p t e s t s .
N A S A / M S C r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s w i l l be in a t t e n d a n c e d u r i n g d r o p t e s t p r e p a r a tion, test p e r f o r m a n c e ,

and p o s t - t e s t f u n c t i o n s .

g i v e n t h e s e p e r s o n n e l w i t h r e s p e c t to p r o c e d u r e s ,

F u l l c o o p e r a t i o n i s to be
test vehicles,

records,

and d a t a .
7. 1

ABORT

CONDITIONS

F o r any r e a s o n o t h e r than a i r c r a f t s a f e t y , the d e c i s i o n to a b o r t an

a e r i a l d r o p w i l l be m a d e b y the N o r t h r o p V e n t u r a T e s t D i r e c t o r .
i s not f e a s i b l e to d e f i n e a l l p o s s i b l e a b o r t r u l e s ,

S i n c e it

the f o l l o w i n g a r e i n t e n d e d

as g u i d e l i n e s f o r the t e s t d i r e c t o r .
7.1.1

Drop Tests
No d r o p t e s t w i l l b e m a d e w i t h o u t p r o p e r l y c o m p l e t e d r i g g i n g and

checkout
7.1.2

sheets.
Telemetry

Conditions

A t e s t w i l l be a b o r t e d w h e n it i s not p o s s i b l e to t r a n s m i t data o r
to c a l i b r a t e e i t h e r t e l e m e t r y

transmitter.

The m a l f u n c t i o n i n g of the f o l l o w i n g - c h a n n e l s w i l l not r e q u i r e t e s t

abort:
a.

Events

b.

Magnetic heading

c.

One of two f l a p - r i s e r

d.

O n e of two t i p - l i n e

forces

forces.

NVR-3964
7-1

7.1.3

Askania

Conditions

A t e s t w i l l be a b o r t e d w h e n t h e r e i s a l o s s of c o v e r a g e of m o r e
than two of the f i v e A s k a n i a c i n e t h e o d o l i t e c a m e r a
7.1.4

Motion-Picture

stations.

Conditions

A t e s t w i l l be a b o r t e d w h e n t h e r e i s a l o s s o f m o r e than o n e g r o u n d to-air or a i r - t o - a i r coverage

7.2

PRETEST

7. 2 . 1

Test

camera.

FUNCTIONS

Preparation

It i s the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of the 6511th P r o j e c t E n g i n e e r to a s s u r e

that the g o v e r n m e n t - f u r n i s h e d e q u i p m e n t and s e r v i c e s r e q u i r e d a r e
v i d e d in a d e q u a t e t i m e to m e e t d r o p t e s t s c h e d u l e s .

pro-

L a c k of e q u i p m e n t o r a

b r e a k d o w n of t e s t f a c i l i t y s e r v i c e f u n c t i o n s s h o u l d be r e p o r t e d to the N o r t h r o
V e n t u r a T e s t D i r e c t o r as s o o n as p o s s i b l e .
7. 2. 2

Check Lists
Northrop Ventura will supply check lists c o v e r i n g d r o p preparation,

vehicle buildup, packing,

and data f o l l o w u p .

rigging,

system checkout,

drop-zone

procedure,

The c h e c k l i s t s w i l l be p r e p a r e d f o r s i g n o f f c o n c u r r e n t l y

w i t h t e s t p r e p a r a t i o n and a e r i a l d r o p .
7. 2. 3

Predrop

Briefing

T h e 6511th P r o j e c t E n g i n e e r i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r b r i e f i n g a l l f a c i l i t y
s u p p o r t p e r s o n n e l to a s s u r e p r o p e r c o o r d i n a t i o n o f the t e s t e f f o r t .
7.3

POST-TEST

7. 3. 1

Post-Drop

FUNCTIONS

Briefing

The 6 5 1 1 t h P r o j e c t E n g i n e e r i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r c o n d u c t i n g a p o s t d r o p b r i e f i n g in c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h N o r t h r o p V e n t u r a T e s t D i r e c t o r .
to a s s u r e s a t i s f a c t o r y d i s p o s i t i o n of data r e c o r d e d ,
support equipment.

NVR-3964
2-2

test v e h i c l e s ,

This is
and

7. 3. 2

Test Specimen
The t e s t s p e c i m e n p a r a c h u t e w i l l be d a m a g e - c h a r t e d

subsequent

to e a c h t e s t and w i l l be i d e n t i f i e d a s to d r o p t e s t u s a g e .
7. 3. 3

T e s t Data
T h e N o r t h r o p V e n t u r a T e s t D i r e c t o r w i l l be r e s p o n s i b l e f o r c o l l e c t -

ing the t e s t d a t a .
data f a c i l i t i e s ,

T h i s w i l l i n c l u d e r e c e i v i n g data f r o m the El C e n t r o

c u r s o r y a n a l y s i s o f data p r e s e n t e d ,

and f o r w a r d i n g t e s t

r e s u l t s and data to the N o r t h r o p V e n t u r a P r o j e c t O f f i c e .

7.4

QUALITY CONTROL

RESPONSIBILITY

Q u a l i t y C o n t r o l w i l l w i t n e s s and v e r i f y :
a.

Parachute

packing

b.

C o m p o n e n t and s u b s y s t e m c h e c k o u t t e s t s

c.

D a m a g e c h a r t i n g of t e s t s p e c i m e n

parachutes.

A p p l i c a b l e p r o v i s i o n s of Q u a l i t y C o n t r o l I n s t r u c t i o n K - 6 w i l l
d i c t a t e El C e n t r o

authorization.

NVR-3964
2-7

SECTION 8
N O R T H R O P V E N T U R A FURNISHED

8.1

SUPPORT

EQUIPMENT
N o r t h r o p V e n t u r a w i l l f u r n i s h the f o l l o w i n g i t e m s of e q u i p m e n t

(including test

specimens):

a.

T e s t v e h i c l e - P / N P D S 5201

b.

S t r a i n link a s s y (4) - P / N P D S 5230

c.

G r o u n d t e l e m e t r y s t a t i o n - P / N P D S 5243

d.

G r o u n d c o n t r o l s t a t i o n - P / N P D S 5241

e.

5 6 - f o o t ( D ^ ) h e a v y w e i g h t p a c k a s s e m b l y (2) - P / N P D S 5176

f.

5 6 - f o o t (D

g-

5 6 - f o o t ( D ^ ) l i g h t w e i g h t p a c k a s s e m b l y (3) - P / N P D S 5332

h.

Vehicle f o r ground control equipment.

) l i g h t w e i g h t p a c k a s s e m b l y (3) - P / N P D S 5181

(It i s a n t i c i p a t e d that

t h i s e q u i p m e n t w i l l r e m a i n in the v e h i c l e f o r the d u r a t i o n of the p r o g r a m ,

s i n c e it i s r e q u i r e d b o t h at the d r o p z o n e and in the v e h i c l e r i g g i n g and
checkout area.
power
8.2

G r o u n d - c o n t r o l s u p p o r t e q u i p m e n t w i l l i n c l u d e a c and d c

supplies.)
SERVICES
N o r t h r o p V e n t u r a w i l l f u r n i s h the f o l l o w i n g
a.

Test director or conductor.

services:

(In a d d i t i o n to t a s k s d e s c r i b e d in

S e c t i o n 7, the c o g n i z a n t N o r t h r o p V e n t u r a T e s t D i r e c t o r w i l l a s s i s t the
6511th in s u p p o r t of the p r o g r a m and m o n i t o r A i r F o r c e c h e c k o u t of t e l e m etry, aircraft loading,
b.

retrieval,

and r e l a t e d s e r v i c e s . )

Test technicians for electrical equipment installation,

watch turn-rate m e a s u r e m e n t ,

packing,

stop-

and r i g g i n g t a s k s

c.

T e s t e n g i n e e r to o p e r a t e g r o u n d c o n t r o l

d.

F a c t o r y m o d i f i c a t i o n of o n e h e a v y w e i g h t p a r a c h u t e to i n -

corporate a Ringslot crown.

NVR-3964
8-1

station

SECTION 9
GOVERNMENT-FURNISHED

9. 1

SUPPORT

TEST SITE
The g o v e r n m e n t d r o p - t e s t z o n e and A s k a n i a r a n g e o p e r a t e d b y

the N A F ,
9.2

El C e n t r o , w i l l be p r o v i d e d f o r the a e r i a l d r o p t e s t s .
AIRCRAFT
C-130,

B - 6 6 , h e l i c o p t e r and p h o t o g r a p h i c a i r c r a f t ,

radio equipment for aircraft control,

including

w i l l be p r o v i d e d f o r t e s t l a u n c h and

data a c q u i s i t i o n .
9. 3

FACILITIES
Government-furnished facilities will include:

9.4

a.

P a r a c h u t e p a c k i n g and r i g g i n g a r e a

b.

Fabrication area

c.

Photographic-processing

d.

Data-reduction

e.

Calibration station

f.

Telemetry receiving

g-

V e h i c l e m a i n t e n a n c e and s t o r a g e

h.

Vehicle checkout area.

area

area

station
area

SERVICES
T e s t s u p p o r t s e r v i c e s to be p r o v i d e d b y the g o v e r n m e n t w i l l

i n c l u d e 6511th P r o j e c t E n g i n e e r ,
graphic, Askania,
aircraft loading,
9. 5

p i l o t s , and p e r s o n n e l to o p e r a t e p h o t o -

and t e l e m e t r y equipment,^ p l u s p e r s o n n e l to p e r f o r m
r e t r i e v a l , and data r e d u c t i o n .

EQUIPMENT
G F E w i l l i n c l u d e the f o l l o w i n g :
a.

power supply,

Two eight-channel,

s o l i d - s t a t e t e l e m e t r y units with a n t e n n a s ,

subcarrier oscillators,

and t r a n s m i t t e r s

NVR-3964
9-1

b.

A 7 . 2 - f o o t p i l o t chute a s s e m b l y w i t h d e p l o y m e n t b a g and

risers (from Apollo

c.

program)

A 5, 0 0 0 - p o u n d c y l i n d r i c a l t e s t b o m b w i t h two s t r a i n l i n k s ,

three-axis accelerometer,
d.

five-channel telemetry,

and o n b o a r d

camera

A D r o g u e chute that w i l l p r o v i d e 1 3 - s q u a r e f e e t C ^ S ,

drogue

chute r e l e a s e and a 1 2 - s e c o n d t i m e r
e.
(from Gemini

9. 6

C o m p o n e n t s f r o m P D S 5185 e m e r g e n c y p a r a c h u t e

system

program)

f.

F o r k lift f o r ground handling

g.

A s k a n i a and p h o t o g r a p h i c

DATA REDUCTION AND

equipment.

PRESENTATION

D a t a - p r o c e s s i n g s u p p o r t to b e f u r n i s h e d b y the g o v e r n m e n t
facilities will include:
a.

C i n e t h e o d o l i t e c o v e r a g e r e d u c e d to p r o v i d e t a b u l a r ,

and p u n c h e d - c a r d data f o r r e q u i r e m e n t s d e t a i l e d in S e c t i o n 4 .

plotted,

Two copies

o f t a b u l a r data with o n e r e p r o d u c i b l e and two c o p i e s of p l o t t e d data a r e to

be p r o v i d e d ( P l o t t e d data to be f u r n i s h e d on 1 1 - b y 1 7 - i n c h g r a p h p a p e r with
t i m e - o r i e n t e d a n n o t a t i o n s at e v e n t s t i m e s o b t a i n e d f r o m the C o n t r a v e s d a t a .
G r a p h s a r e to be in f o r m a t a d e q u a t e f o r i n c l u s i o n in the f i n a l r e p o r t . )
b.

T e l e m e t r y data in the f o r m of the r e c o r d i n g o s c i l l o g r a p h

roll

with d i r e c t - r e a d i n g s c a l e a n n o t a t i o n s
c.

P h o t o g r a p h i c c o v e r a g e as d e t a i l e d in S e c t i o n 6

d.

Data r e d u c t i o n r e q u i r e d in 3 d a y s o r l e s s i s to be a s s p e c i f i e d

in S e c t i o n 4 .

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S E C T I O N 10
DOCUMENTATION AND

REPORTS

T h i s s e c t i o n p r o v i d e s a s u m m a r y of the d o c u m e n t a t i o n

required

and d e l i n e a t e s the N o r t h r o p V e n t u r a and N A S A / M S C plan f o r t e s t r e p o r t i n g ,

10.1

6511TH P A R A C H U T E TEST GROUP

The d i s t r i b u t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r data a c c u m u l a t e d by the 6511th

Test Group are summarized below:

Document

C o p i e s to
NASA/MSG

C o p i e s to
NV

Work Days
After Test

Motion
Pictures

Still
Photos
Tabular
Askania

Askania
Plots

Trace

D er p
op
R
ort

Telemetry

T h e 6511th T e s t G r o u p w i l l a n n o t a t e the t e l e m e t r y t r a c e s with

d e p l o y m e n t t i m e s a s n o t e d f r o m C o n t r a v e s and a d i r e c t r e a d i n g s c a l e f o r
e a c h t r a c e p r i o r to d i s t r i b u t i o n .
The f o l l o w i n g A s k a n i a data w i l l be p l o t t e d and a n n o t a t e d with
C o n t r a v e s t i m e b y the 6511th T e s t G r o u p p r i o r to d i s t r i b u t i o n :
a.

Total v e l o c i t y

b.

Vertical velocity

c.

Horizontal

velocity

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d.

Flight-path angle

e.

Altitude

f.

L/D

g.

Dynamic

h.

Oscillation

i.

Ground track

pressure

(XY).

C o p i e s of the C o n t r a v e s f i l m a r e not r e q u i r e d ; o n l y the t i m e data

on t e l e m e t r y t r a c e s and A s k a n i a data a r e n e c e s s a r y .
10.2

NORTHROP

VENTURA

The c o n t r a c t u a l d o c u m e n t a t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s p r o v i d e f o r m o n t h l y
p r o g r e s s r e p o r t s , w h i c h w i l l d e s c r i b e d r o p t e s t s c o n d u c t e d d u r i n g the
reporting period,

and a f i n a l r e p o r t c o n t a i n i n g r e s u l t s of the a e r i a l d r o p

t e s t p r o g r a m w i l l be s u b m i t t e d on o r b e f o r e 15 J u l y 1966.
In a d d i t i o n to the c o n t r a c t u a l r e q u i r e m e n t s ,

Northrop Ventura

w i l l s u b m i t the f o l l o w i n g :
A p r e l i m i n a r y T W X r e p o r t within 1 w o r k i n g day a f t e r e a c h test
c o n t a i n i n g o b s e r v e d and q u i c k - l o o k data r e l a t i v e to that t e s t .

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REFERENCES

Author

Title

Dated

C. G r a h a m
V. Riley
E. Linhart
D. Coe

Large, Controllable Parachute

Structural Analysis Report

23 D e c e m b e r
1965

E. Linhart
D. Coe

L a r g e , Controllable Parachute
Wind-Tunnel Test P r o g r a m
Final R e p o r t

J a n u a r y 1 966

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