SKILL 1: KNOWLEDGE

TITTLE 2 : FORCES AND MOTION

NO

WHAT MEAN BY

1
2.
3.

Velocity
Accelaration
Momentum

4
4.

Mass
Inertia

Newton's first law

of motion

Balanced Force

EXPLAINATION
As the rate of change of with...
As the rate of change of ..with time
As the of an object multiplied by its .
Momentum= mass x velocity
Tendency of an object to of rest, or if moving, to
in a straight line.

object at rest tends to stay at (rest) and an object in

motion tends to stay in (motion) with the same speed
and in the same direction unless
Since these two forces are of equal magnitude and in
opposite directions, they balance each other
object balance each other or F=0, the object will be at
equilibrium. it will not accelerated or a = 0.
When the forces are unbalanced , the net force is the
difference between the force acting in opposite direction
states that the acceleration of body, a, is directly
proportional to the net force acting o it, F, and inversely
proportional to its mass, m ;
F = ma

Unbalanced Force

Newtons second
law of motion

10.
11.

Impulse
Impulsive force

Change of . i.e Ft = mv -mu

As the of change,
i.e
F = mv mu
t

12

Gravitational field

the region where an object experiences a force due to gravitational

attraction

13

force of gravity

14

free-falling object

force pulls all objects towards the centre of the Earth? This
force is depend on the gravitational field strength :. The
gravitational field strength of Earth is measured as about 9.8
Nkg-1.
an object which is falling under the sole influence of gravity.
Free-falling objects do not encounter air resistance.

15

Acceleration due to
gravity

All free-falling objects (on Earth) accelerate downwards at a

rate of approximately 10 m/s/s (to be exact, 9.8 m/s/s)

16

Weight

The weight of an object is the force of gravity that acts on it.

1

W = mg. (measured in Newtons(N))

17

Work.

18

Energy

19

Potential Energy

20

Gravitational
Potential Energy

21

Kinetic energy,Ek

For any object that moves with a velocity v , it has a kinetic

energy,
Ek =1/2mv2

22

Principle of
Conservation of
energy

States that the total energy in a system is constant

23

Elastic Potential
energy

The elastic potential energy of an object is the energy stored

in the object as the result of it stretching or compressing.
Energy stored = Work done .= Fx

24

Elasticity

Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original

shape when the stretching force or the compressing force it
not longer (acting ) on it.

25

Hooke Law

F = k x : k= Spring constant ( Nm-1 )

26

Power

27

Efficiency of
energy
transformation

Work is done when a force, F causes an object to move.

The work done is defined as the product of the force F and
the distance, s, in the direction of the force.
W = F x s.
Energy is the capacity of a system to do work. A system that
can do worked have an energy .When the work is done by
the system, the amount of energy of the system is reduced /
increase.
The potential energy of an object is the energy stored in the
object because of its ..
The gravitational potential energy of any object is the
energy stored in the object because of it position at certain
height
Ep = W=mgh

Power is the rate at which work is done.

P = work done /time = energy change/ time

% of the efficiency = Power input x 100

Power input

er
TITTLE 3 : FORCES AND PRESSURE

NO

WHAT MEAN BY

EXPLAINATION

1
2.

Pressure
Pascals Principle

As the normal .per unit acting on a surface

States that pressure exerted on an .(liquid) is
to every part of the fluid. Or
transmission of pressure in fluids.

3.

Archimedes
Principle

4.

Principle of Floating

5.

Bernoullis Principle

6.

Aerofoil

States that an object which is partially or wholly immersed

in a fluid is acted upon by an . equals
to the . of the fluid it displaces.
States that a floating body .. of the
liquid in which it floats.
States that the . of a fluid . at the region
where the of fluid flow .
Is a .. used to produce a ..

TITTLE 4 : HEAT
NO
1
2.

WHAT MEAN BY
Temperature
Heat

3.

Thermal
Equilibrium
Heat Capasity

4.
5.
6.

Specific Heat
Capasity
Latent Heat

EXPLAINATION
A degree of .
that can be . from one object to another
object
Is a condition in which there is . between
two object.
As the required to raise its temperature by
10C
As the to raise the of the
substance by 10C
The heat that is required to bring about a change of state
in temperature.

TITTLE 5 : LIGHT
NO

WHAT MEAN BY

1
2.
3.

Virtual Image
Power of a lens
Critical Angle

4.
5.

Refractive index, n
Optical centre

6.

Focal Length, f

EXPLAINATION
The image that is not formed on a screen
As the reciprocal of its focal length in metres
As the angle of incidence in the denser medium for an
incident ray to be refracted at ...in the less dense medium
Speed of light in a vacuum per speed of light in a medium
Is the centre of a lens through which light rays pass without
deviation.
Is the distance between the ,F and the
..,C of the lens

TITTLE 6 : WAVES
NO

WHAT MEAN BY

Waves front

2.

Wavelength

3.

Amplitude

4.

Period

5.
6.

Frequency
Wave speed

EXPLAINATION
Are or .. joining all the .or points
vibrating at the same phase and of equal distances from the
sources of the waves.
Is the distance between . or
.
Is the .. of a medium particles from
its mean position.
Is the . by a particle to make
..
Is the of complete oscillations per second
The traveled by a wave in .. in the
direction of propagation

TITTLE 7 : ELECTRICITY
NO

WHAT MEAN BY

EXPLAINATION

1
2.

Electric current
Potential difference

3.

Ohms Law

4.
5.

Electromotive
Force (e.m.f)
Electrical Energy

6.

Electric Power

..
The .. in moving a unit charge from one point to
the other
States that the across the end of a
metallic conductor is ..to the
flowing through it.
Work done by the cell or the source in .
around a complete circuit.
Is the . when electric charges flow through
any two points in an electric circuit.
As the .. at which electrical .

TITTLE 8 : ELECTROMAGNETISM
NO

WHAT MEAN BY

1
2.
3.

Magnetic field
Solenoid
Catapult field

4.

Electromagnet
induction

5.

Lenzs Law

EXPLAINATION
Magnetic ..region
Is .. cylindrical coil
Is the action of the combination between
and the may
be likened to that of an elastic catapult.
The effect of producing and e. m. f and a current, when
there is a between the conductor and a
magnetic field.
The direction of the induced current in a solenoid is such

6.

that its magnetic effect..........................

State that the size of the induced e. m .f is directly

proportional to the rate at which the conductor cuts through
the magnetic field lines.

Faradays Law

TITTLE 9 : ELECTRONICS
NO
1

WHAT MEAN BY

2.

Thermionic
emission
Cathode rays

3.

Rectification

4.

Doping

5.

P-N Junction

6.

Logic Gate

EXPLAINATION
Is the process of . from the surface of a
..
Are streams of . moving in a
straight line.
Is the process of . alternating current into direct
current
Is a process of . of impurities to
improve the electric conductivity of a semiconductor
Is formed by .. a . semiconductor to an
semiconductor.
Is an . which has . input or
.but only .. for performing certain logical
functions.

TITTLE 10 : RADIOACTIVITY
NO

WHAT MEAN BY

Nuclide

2.

Nuclear Fission

3.

Nuclear Fusion

4.

Radioactive decay

,5.

Isotopes

6.

Half Life

EXPLAINATION
The nucleus of an atom with a particular ........................
..
A process where the nuclear of a . is
.
A process where are .. into a .
nucleus.
The process in which .. emit particles ,
and and -ray in order to .
Atoms of the same element which have the
but with a . of neutrons
Time for activity of a radioisotope element ..
..

SKILL 2 : UNDERSTANDING

Thimble
1. The diagram(i)shows micrometer screw gauge which measures
diameter of glass
(ii)
rod.The micrometer screw gauge has zero error as in Figure 1(a)
FIGURE 1

Thimble

(a) What is the reading of zero error of micrometer screw

gauge?

...............................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) What is the diameter of a glass rod?
.....
[1 mark]
(c) What is the purpose of measuring of the diameter of the glass rod at several
different places ?
...............................................................................................
[1 mark]
(d) Why the micrometer screw gauge is more sensitive device compared to the
vernier Calipers ?
...............................................................................................
[1 mark]

2. A student measured the diameter of a wire using a rule as shown in Figure 2.

20 Complete curls
FIGURE 2
(a) Why is the measurement doesnt start from zero ?

[1 mark]
(b)

State a reason why the measurement is done by 20 curles and not one curl.

[1 mark]

(c) What is the diameter of the wire ?

.
[1 mark]
(d) Suggest a suitable instrument which can be used to measure the diameter of the
wire .
.
[1 mark]
3. Diagram shows an aeroplane in flight at constant height and uniform speed

Figure 3
The force acting on the aeroplane can be classified into lift,
(i)
Name the force represented by X.

weight, thrust and X.

................................................................................................

[1 mark]
(ii)

What causes the force X?

..............................................................................................
[1 mark]

(iii)

Compare the magnitude of X and the thrust for the aeroplane shown in the
diagram above and explain your answer.
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

4. Ahmad cycles to school everyday. The graph below shows a typical velocity-time
graph of Ahmad's journey to school.

(a) During which part of the journey is Ahmad :

(i)Accelerating : ........................................................................
(ii)Decelerating :.........................................................................
[2 marks]
(b) For how long is Ahmad cycling with constant velocity?
.................................................................................................
[1 mark]

5. Figure 5 shows the arrangement of the apparatus which are

atmospheric pressure.

used to measure the

vacuum

75 cm

mercury

20 cm
P

FIGURE 5
(a)

Name the instrument which is used above.

..........
[1 mark]

(b)

Based on the figure above, what is the value of the atmospheric

pressure
.................
[1
mark]

(c)

Why water is not a suitable liquid to replace mercury to measure the

atmospheric pressure?
.........
[1
mark]

6. Figure below shows the apparatus used to determine the density of a liquid.

Figure 6
[Density of water = 1 x 103 kgm-3, atmospheric pressure = 1 x 105 Pa]
(a) In Figure 6(a), what is the pressure, in Pa, at
(i) point S,
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) point T
.............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) In Figure 6(b), the air is sucked out through the tap and the tap is then closed. The
levels of the water and liquid X rise to the heights as shown.
(i) What causes the levels of the water and liquid X to rise?
...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) What causes the difference in the height of the levels of the water and liquid X?
................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

10

7. In an experiment to determine the specific latent heat of fusion of substance K, 1.5kg

of substance K is heated at a rate of 250W. Figure below shows the graph of
temperature against time.

Figure 7
(a) What are the states of matter in regions X, Y and Z?
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(b) State the melting point of K.
...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) What is the time taken to melt substance K completely?
..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
8. Figure 8(a) shows the arrangement of apparatus used to investigate the relationship
between the pressure and the temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant
volume. A graph of pressure, P against temperature, T is shown in Figure 8(b).

Figure 8(a)

Figure 8(b)

11

(a) In Figure 8(b),

(i) what is the relationship between P and T as shown in the graph?
...........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) what is the extrapolated value of temperature, T0, when the pressure, P = 0?
...........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) what is the name given to T0?
..........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Using kinetic theory of gases, explain why the pressure of the gas inside the flask
is smaller when the temperature is decreased.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
9. (a) Figure 3.1 shows an object O placed in front of a concave lens.

_________________________________________________________________
O
2F
F
F
2F

FIGURE 9.1
(i)

Draw ray diagram to show the formation of image on Figure 3.1.

[2 marks]

12

(ii)

State two characteristics of the image formed.

..........................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b) The concave lens is then replaced with a convex mirror.

_____________________________________________________________
O
C
F
F
C

FIGURE 9.2
(i) Draw ray diagram to shows the formation of image on Figure 9.2.
[2 marks]
(ii) State the similar characteristics of the images between Figure 9.1 and 9.2.
.........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

10. Diagram 10.1 shows a submarine equipped with an optical instrument P.

Diagram 10.2 shows the structure of the optical instrument P.

Diagram 10.1

13

Diagram 10.2
(a) Name the optical instrument P.
..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) In Diagram 10.2, two glass prisms must be placed so that the object can be seen
by the observer. The position of one of the glass prisms is as shown.
(i) In box A in Diagram 10.2, draw and shade the second prism.
...........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain why the prism in optical instrument P are placed as in 10(b)(i)
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) (i) In Diagram 10.2, complete the path of the light ray from the object to the
observers eye.
[1 mark]
(ii) State one characteristic of the image observed.
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

14

11. Figure 11(a) shows water dripping from a water tap onto the water in a bathtub. The
drips of water produce circular ripples on the water surface. A water dipper floating
on the water is seen to move up and down.

Figure 11(a)
(a) What type of waves are these ripples?
..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Why is that the water dipper does not move towards the wall of the tub?
..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) Explain what happens to the kinetic energy of the drips of water as they hit the
water surface.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

Figure 11(b)
(d) Figure 11(b) shows waves produced in a ripple tank using a straight vibrating
beam.
(i) In Figure 11(b), draw and label a line to show a wavefront.
[1 mark]

15

(ii) Show with an arrow the propagation of the waves.

[1 mark]
12. Figure 12 shows the refraction of water waves in a ripple tank.

Figure 12
(a) In Figure 12, draw the boundary between the two areas.
[1 mark]
(b) Name the quantity that remains constant as the waves propagate from one to
another.
..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) Do the waves bend towards or away from the normal?
...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(d) State the propagation of the waves in terms of the depth of water.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

16

13. Figure 13 shows a circuit consisting of a cell, three resistors and an ammeter. A
voltmeter is provided with crocodile clip and it can be connected suitably to measure
the potential differences across resistors R1, R2 and R3.

Figure 13
(a) How should the ammeter and the voltmeter be connected to measure current and
potential difference respectively?
(i)

Ammeter: ............................................................................

(ii) Voltmeter: ............................................................................

[2 marks]
(b) It is found that two of the potential differences across resistors R1, R2 and R3 are
the same.
(i) Which are these two resistors?
...........................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain why these two resistors have the same potential difference.
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

17

14. Figure 14 shows a circuit consisting of a dry cell, a bulb, an ammeter, a voltmeter
and a switch.

Figure 14
The voltmeter shows a reading of 1.50 V when the switch is open. When the switch
is closed, the bulbs lights up, the voltmeter reading drops to 1.45 V and the ammeter
reading is 0.5 A.
(a) (i) What is the e.m.f. of the cell?
............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) How much voltage is lost in the cell when the bulbs lights up?
.............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) What is the current that passes through the internal resistance of the cell?
.............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

18

15.

FIGURE 15
Figure 15 shows a circurt and important parts of an electrical bell.
(a) When the switch is on,
(i) what happen to the soft iron core ?
...............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) state the magnetic pole at X ?
...............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) what happen to the hammer ?
...............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Why steel is not used as a core?
...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) If batteries are replaced by alternative current, what is the effect to the hammer ?
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

19

16. Figure 16 shows a method of determining the magnetic field of a solenoid.

Figure 16
(a) What does the direction of the thumb indicate?
..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) What do the curled fingers represent?
....................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) In which part of a solenoid is the magnetic field uniform?
.....................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(d) Name two ways in which the strength of the magnetic field in a solenoid can be
increased.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

20

17.

R
Electrical
source

FIGURE 17.1

FIGURE 17.2

Figure 17.1 shows an electrical source connected to a Cathode Ray Oscilloscope

(C.R.O).When the switch is on, the sketch of the oscilloscope screen as shown in
Figure 17.2.
(a) If the Y gain control is set at 5 V cm-1 and the time base is set at 1 ms cm-1.
(i) which type of electrical source is applied on the C.R.O?
..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) determine the value of the peak voltage (Vp) of the electrical source?
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) determine the root min square voltage (Vrms ) of the electrical source?

[2 marks]
18. Figure 18 shows the symbol of a transistor.

21

Figure 17
(a) (i) Name terminals x, y and z.
x : ...................................
y : ...................................
z : ...................................

[3 marks]

(b) State the type of transistor.

.............................................................................................
[1 mark]
19. Diagram 19 shows a Geiger-Muller.

Figure 19
(a) Why is the mica window curved inwards?
............................................................................................
............................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b)

A radioactive source is first placed at position P and later moved to position

Q. When the radioactive source was at position P, the Geiger-Muller tube
detected a high count rate. However, when it was moved to position Q, the
count rate detected by the Geiger-Muller tube was much lower.
(i) What are the possible types of radiation that entered the tube when the
source was in position P?
......................................................................................
[1 mark]

22

(ii) Why was the count rate detected much lower when the source was at Q?
.......................................................................................
.......................................................................................
.......................................................................................
.......................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) Based on your answer to 19(b)(ii), what type of radioactive particles
contribute to the majority of the count rate detected?
........................................................................................
[1 mark]
20. In a nuclear reactor, radium-226 decays to become radon-222 by releasing one
alpha particle. This reaction experiences a mass defect.
(i) The number 226 for radium is called its __________________number.
[1 mark]
(ii) Complete the equation of the reaction by writing the appropriate number in the
boxes provided.

[2 marks]

df
SKILL 3A ;CONCEPTUALIZE SKILL

23

SECTION A
1. Figure 5.1 shows a boy jumping out from a boat to the
jetty.
Figure 5.2 shows a girl throwing a ball from rest on a skateboard

pictures

FIGURE 5.1

FIGURE 5.2

(i) State the observation that shows the similarity

(a)
Based on the
above,

between the two situations.

[1 mark]
(ii) In Figure 5.1 and Figure 5.2, draw the arrows of
the moving directions F, of the boat and the girl.
[2 marks]

(iii) State the physics principle involves and explain

it.
..
..
..
[2 marks]
2. Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show a student pulling the
elastic string of the arrow in a shooting exercise using
different pulling stretch.

24

DIAGRAM 6.1

DIAGRAM 6.2
(a) Observe Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2.
(i) Compare the stretching force applied to the arrow.

[1m]

25

(ii) Based on the answer in (a)(i), compare the work done

by the student between the two pulling techniques.

[1m]
(iii) If the applied force is 50 N and the distance of x is
20 cm, calculate the work done by the student.

[2m]
(b) Based on both diagrams,
(i) compare the energy gained by the arrow.
...
...
[1m]
(ii) compare the distance of projection.

[1m]
(iii) state the relationship between energy and distance of
projection.

26

[1m]
(c) Make a suggestion to increase the distance of projection.
.......

[1m]
3. Diagram 5.1 shows the situation of a sheet of paper
before and when air is blown.
Diagram 5.2 shows the situation of the canopy before the
lorry moves and when the lorry moves at high speed.

(a) What is meant by speed ?

[ 1 mark ]
(b) Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 :
(i) State two similarities for the situations in Diagram 5.1
and Diagram 5.2.

..

[ 2 marks ]
(ii) Compare the air pressure above and below the paper
when air is blown.
..

27

[ 1 mark ]
(iii) Relate the speed of the air to the pressure of the air.
...

[ 1 mark ]

(c ) Name the principle involved in 5(b)(iii).

..
[ 1 mark ]
(d) Diagram 5.3 shows an instrument used to measure the
speed of air.

In
Diagram 5.3, the levels of coloured water in the
U-tube are the same before air flows .
(i) Compare the speeds of air at P and at Q.
.
.
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Mark the water levels in the U-tube in Diagram 5.3
while air flows.
[ 1 mark ]
SPM 2006 P2 Q5
4. Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 shows a student throwing

28

an iron ball in a shot put event using different throwing

techniques.
The angle of projection and the force used by the student
in both techniques are the same.

(a) Observe Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 .

(i) Compare the distance of the hand movement to throw

the iron ball .

[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Based on the answer in (a)(i), compare the work
done by the student between the two throwing

29

techniques.

[ 1 mark ]
(b) If the force which acts on the iron ball is 20 N and the
distance of hand movement is 0.5 m, calculate the work
done by the student.

[ 2 marks ]
(i) Based on the answer in (a)(i), state the relationship
between the energy gained by the iron ball and the
distance of projection.

[ 1 mark ]
(ii) State the principle involved.

[ 1 mark ]
(c) (i) Using Diagram 6.1 , what happens to the falling time if
an iron ball of a bigger mass is used ?
..
..
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Give one reason for your answer in ( c) (i).

30

..
..
[ 1 mark ]
SPM2006P Q6
(work, energy, power)

5.

(a) Compare the surface area of the feather & the water
droplet.
[ 1 mark ]

FIGURE 5.2
(b) Using the graph in Figure 5.2, compare the changes in

31

velocity of the feather and the water droplet.

..

[ 3 marks ]
(c) Using your answer in (a) and (b), state the relationship
between the surface area and the final velocity.

[ 1 mark]
SPM 2004P2Q5
FORCES AND MOTION

SKILL 3B : CONSEPTUALSECTION B
1. Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 shows the bright and dark bands of the wave
pattern formed on the screen when two coherent waves superposed.
Diagram 9.1 shows the wave pattern produced by
waves with a higher frequency whereas Diagram 9.2
shows the wave pattern produced by waves with a
lower frequency.

32

DIAGRAM 9.1
(i)

DIAGRAM 9.2

Observe Diagram 9.1 and 9.2, compare the wavelength and the
separation of adjacent nodal lines.
Relate the frequency , the wavelength , and the separation of adjacent
nodal lines to deduce a relevant physics concept.
[5 marks]

(ii) Name the wave phenomenon shown in Diagram 9.1

and Diagram 9.2
[1 mark]
P2Q9
ANSWER NO. 1

2. Diagram 9.1 shows two basketballs of the same mass

being projected towards a wall. Ball A is hard while ball B
is soft due to insufficient pressure.
Diagram 9.2 shows the condition of the balls when they hit
the wall. It was noticed that Ball A is rebounced with a
higher velocity than Ball B.

33

B
DIAGRAM 9.1
(a)

B
DIAGRAM 9.2

What is the meaning of momentum?

[ 1 mark ]

(b)

Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2,

compare the shape of the ball when they hit the wall,
the velocity after collision and the time of impact.
State the relationship between the time of impact with
the
(i)
impulsive force
(ii)
velocity after collision
[ 5 marks ]
P2Q10

ANSWER:

3. A fisherman finds that his boat is at different levels in the

sea and in the river although the boat carries the same
load.
The density of sea water is 1025 kg m-3 and the density of
river water is 1000 kg m-3 .

34

Figures 9.1 and 9.2 illustrate the situation of the boat in

the sea and in the river.

Sea Water

River Water

FIGURE 9.1

(a)(i) What is meant by density ?

FIGURE 9.2
[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Using figure 9.1 and 9.2 compare the levels of the
boat and the volumes of water displaced by the
boat.
Relating the mass of the boat with its load, the
volume of the water displaced and the density of the
water, deduce a relevant physics concept.
[ 5 marks ]
(iii)Name the physics principle that explains the above
situation.
[ 1 mark ]
SPM 2005P2Q9
Archimedes Principle
ANSWER NO.3

4. Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show wire coils

35

connected to the ammeters, switches and d.c power

supply.

When the switch is on and iron fillings of the same amount is spread on each of the
cardboard surface, the pattern of the iron fillings is formed as shown in the diagrams.
(a) Using Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 , compare the
number of turn of the coils, the pattern of the iron filings
and angle of deflection of the ammeter indicator.
[ 3 marks]
(b) State the relationship between the strength of the
magnetic field and
(i)
the pattern of iron fillings
(ii)
the number of turn of the coils.

[ 2 marks]
SPM 2006 P2 Q10

ANSWER NO. 4

36

5. Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 shows two vibrating

tuning forks.

DIAGRAM 10.1

DIAGRAM 10.2

When a microphone is used to detect the sound waves of

each tuning fork, the traces displayed on the oscilloscopes
are as shown in the diagrams.
(a) What is meant by amplitude ?

[ 1 mark ]

(b) Using the Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 ,

compare the sizes of the tuning forks, the
amplitudes of the sound waves and the frequency
of the sound waves.
[ 3 marks ]
(c) State the relationship between the amplitude of
sound waves and
(i)
the loudness of the tuning fork,
(ii)
the size of the tuning fork.

[ 2 marks ]
PERC.KEDAH06

Answer no.5

6. Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show two identical bulbs

connected in series to an ammeter and d.c power supplies
of different voltages. The resistance of the bulbs is 2

37

DIAGRAM 10.1

DIAGRAM 10.2

When the switch is on, the bulbs light up and the

brightness of the bulbs is as shown in the Diagrams.
(a) What is meant by electric current ?

[ 1 mark ]

(b) Using Diagram 10.1.and Diagram 10.2 , compare

the voltage supplied, the brightness of the bulbs
and the angle of deflection of the ammeter
pointers.
[ 3 marks ]
(c) State the relationship between the current in the
circuit and
(i) the voltage supplied
(ii) the brightness of the bulbs.
[ 2 marks ]
Answer no. 6

7. Diagram 9.1 show

collision effect
between a car moving
with lower velocity
when it collide with a
tree .

38

DIAGRAM 9.1
Diagram 9.2 show a collision effect between a car moving
with higher velocity when it collide with a tree.

DIAGRAM 9.2
(a) (i) State
force.

one effect of
[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Compare the direction of forces acted on a car and a

tree in Diagram 9.1
Compare the magnitude of forces acted on a car and
a tree between Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 )
Relate the direction and the magnitude of forces
acted on a car and a tree to deduce a relevant
physics concept.
[ 5 marks ]
(Percubaan Kedah 06 P2Q9)
Answer no.7

SKILL 4 : QULITATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING

39

( 1.
(b)

When buying a new car, our priorities have to be right. We want the car
to have style, good performance, high fuel economy and ample room to
carry our stuff.
However, safety is one factor which should come top of them all.
Using appropriate concepts in physics, suggest and explain safety
features which can be incorporated into the design of a car to make it
safer on the road.
( 10 marks )

ANSWER :
:
Safety feature

Explaination

2. Figure 2.4 shows a water pool made from bricks and concrete.

40

Figure2.4
Using the appropriate physics concepts, explain the modifications required to the
above water pool so as to effectively store a large volume of water.
( 10 marks )

ANSWER:
2(a)
Modification

Explanation

41

Figure 4
Figure 4 shows a cruising ship. By using suitable physics concepts, explain any
practical modifications required to be done on the ship to convert it into a submarine
that can move at high speed under water and on the sea surface.
(10 marks )
ANSWER :
Modification

Reason

4.
(c)

Figure 5.4 shows a simple cooking pot Siti uses to cook some simple dishes over

42

a gas stove.

Figure 5.4
Using the appropriate concepts in physics, suggest and explain suitable
modifications to the above pot in order to have the following features:
(i)
food can be cooked faster in it,
(ii)
it can be handle with ease during cooking as well as serving,
(iii)
portable,
(iv)
health and safety is taken into account.
( 10 marks )
ANSWER :
(c)
Modification

Explanation

43

5. Figure 6.1 and 6.2 shows the parallel rays of light directed towards the convex
lenses S and T. O is the optical centre, and F is the focal point of the lenses.

Figure 6.1
(a)

(i)
(ii)

(b)

Figure 6.2

What is meant by focal point ?

( 1mark )

Using figure 6.1 and 6.2, compare the thickness of the lenses S and T and
the effects it has on the refracted rays. State the relationship between the
thickness of the lenses and their focal lengths.
( 5 marks )

A watchmaker is someone who makes or repairs watches. When servicing a

watch, he often uses a loupe fixed with convex lens on one side of his eyes, as
shown in Figure 6.3.

Figure 6.3

44

(c)

(i)

State the function of the convex lens in the loupe.

( 1 mark )

(ii)

Sketch a ray diagram to show how the image is formed by the convex
lens. Mark clearly, the object , the objects, the optical centre, O and focal
point,F of the lens, the focal length and the image formed.
( 3 marks )

You are given two convex lenses U and V of different focal lengths. Lens U has
a longer focal length than lens V.
Using these lenses, describe and explain how you would make a simple
compound microscope.
You may use an appropriate ray diagram to illustrate your answer.

(10 marks )

ANSWER :
(c)
Design feature

Explanation

45

SKILL 5 ; MAKING DECISION

1.

You are asked to study the characteristics of the liquids shown in table
below and determine the suitability of each of them to be used as a cooling
agent,
replacing Freon, in an air-conditioner.
Liquid
K
L
M
N

Density,
/kgm-3
1000
790
820
800

Boiling
Point/ oC
100
65
-33
-30

Specific Heat
Capacity,c/Jkg-1c-1
4185
2500
1640
1800

Specific Latent Heat of

Vaporasation,L/Jkg-1
2.26 X 106
3.52 X 105
2.08 X 105
2.17 X 105

i
What is meant by the specific latent heat of vaporization of a
liquid ?
(1 mark)
The specific latent heat of vaporization of a liquid is the amount of
.
required to . 1kg of the to gaseous state at

temperature.

ii
Explain the suitability of each of the liquids to be used as a cooling
agent in
an air conditioner. Hence determine which liquid is the most suitable to
be
used. Give reasons for your choice.
(10 marks)
-

the density must be., so that the air-conditioner unit is not

too

boiling point must be , so that the cooling agent is

evaporates
easily at low

46

2.

specific heat capacity must be ., so that it can be heated

..

the specific latent heat of vaporization must be , so that it

absorb
more heat from the . air when it evaporises
through the
valve in the tube

Liquid N is most because liquid N has a

density,
boiling point, .. specific heat capacity and
moderate .. ..

The properties of the materials in table below are to be investigated to find

a
material suitable for making a heat-retaining food container which can also
be used as an ice container.
Material Density,
/kgm-3
V
8461
W
2689
X
7714
Y
7953
Z
11050

Rate of
Rusting
Moderate
Low
Moderate
High
low

Specific Heat
Capacity,c/Jkg-1K-1
376
935
508
448
398

Conduction Rate
Poor
Poor
Moderate
Moderate
good

What is meant by specific heat capacity ?

(1 mark)
It is the . required to raise the .. of 1 kg of a
substance bt 1oC or 1K
ii

Which material is most suitable for making a heat-retaining container

for food or a heat insulating container for keeping ice ?
Explain the reasons for the choice based on the properties of the
materials shown in the table.
(10 marks)
-

the . must be low, so it is and easier to be

carried about

it has .. rate of rusting, making a durable material .

47

easily corroded
-

it has a . specific heat capacity, for making a good

it has a . conduction rate for making it difficult for heat

to
pass through it
/
the hot food will not . easily and
the
ice will not . easily.

.. is most suitable material because

3. Table below shows the properties of four lenses

Lens
A
B
C
D
i.

Type
Concave lens of clear glass
Concave lens of frosted glass
Convex lens of clear glass
Convex lens of frosted glass

Power/D
20
5
20
5

Diameter/cm
2.5
12.5
2.5
12.5

What is meant by the power of a lens ?

(1 mark)

The power of a lens is a measure of the ability of the lens to

or
. rays of light.
ii.

Based on the information given, determine which lens is the

most suitable for the watch repairer to observe the finer parts
of a watch.
(10 marks)
-

. lens are suitable, causes light to converge and

produce
a large ..

Lens with .. glass to produce a .. image

48

Power of lens must be to produce a large .

A .. diameter to fit the eye and can be arranged to

produce
a . , and .. image
-

Lens is most suitable because it is lens, a

..
Glass and a diameter to .. the eye

EXPERIMENT
Section B
( 12 marks )
Answer any one question from this section.
The Time suggested to complete this section is 30 minutes
1. Figures show two slides P and Q of different heights in a playground.

Slide P

Slide Q

49

A boy going and sliding down from the top of both slides P and Q found that he reaches the
ground at different speeds.

Using this information ;

(a) make one suitable inference,

[ 1 mark ]

(b) state one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated,

[ 1 mark ]

(c ) describe how you would design an experiment to test your hypothesis using
friction compensated runway trolleys and other apparatus.
In your description, state clearly the following:
(i)
aim of the experiment
(ii)
variables in the experiment
(iii)
list of apparatus and materials
(iv)
arrangement of the apparatus
(v)
the procedure of experiment, which includes the method of controlling the
manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable
(vi)
the way you would tabulate the data
(vii)
the way you would analyse the data
[ 10 marks ]

2.

50

As a diver dives deeper , he experinces increasing pain in his eardrums. When he swims to the
surface, he discovers that the pain disappears.
Using this information ;
(a) make one suitable inference,

[ 1 mark ]

(b) state one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated,

[ 1 mark ]

(c ) describe how you would design an experiment to test your hypothesis using
a spring and other apparatus.
In your description state clearly the following:
(i)
(ii )
(iii)
(iv)
(v )

aim of the experiment

variables in the experiment
list of apparatus and materials
arrangement of the apparatus
the procedure of experiment, which includes the method of controlling
the manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding
variable
(vi) the way you would tabulate the data
(vii) the way you would analyse the data
[ 10 marks ]

51

3. Diagram 3.1 and 3.2 show two pots of different size filled with boiling water. It is observed
that the temperature of the water in Diagram 3.1 drops at a faster rate than in Diagram 3.2.

Diagram 3.1
Based on the information and observation above:
a)
State one suitable inference
b)

State one suitable hypothesis

Diagram 3.2
[1 mark]
[1 mark]

c)
With the use of apparatus such as a beaker, stopwatch and other apparatus, describe an
experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 3(b). In your description, state
clearly the following:
i)
Aim of the experiment
ii)
Variables in the experiment
iii)
List of apparatus and materials
iv)
Arrangement of the apparatus
v)
The procedure of the experiment which include the method of controlling the
manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable.
vi)
The way you would tabulate the data
vii)
The way you would analyze the data
[10marks]
4

Diagram 4.1 and 4.2 shows two roadside stalls selling ABC and PAU. Both stalls are
using the same bulbs and batteries that are new. The bulb at the ABC stall is brighter than
the bulb at the PAU stall.

Battery

Battery

52

Based on the above information and observation:

(a) State one suitable inference.
[1 mark]
(b) State one suitable hypothesis.
[1 mark]
(c) With the use of apparatus such as dry cells, a constantan wire and other apparatus,
describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 3(b).
(i)
Aim of the experiment.
(ii)
Variables in the experiment.
(iii)
List of apparatus and materials.
(iv)
Arrangement of apparatus.
(v)
The procedure of experiment which include the method of controlling the
manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable.
(vi)
The way you would tabulate the data.
(vii)
The way you would analyse the data.
[10 marks]

53