Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AGENTS
Institute of Information and Communication Technology
University of Sindh, Jamshoro
BSSW-PIV
Chapter 2
BY: DR. ZEESHAN BHATTI
Total Turing Test: Requires physical interaction and needs perception and
actuation.
http://aimovie.warnerbros.com
http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/infolab/
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti
http://aimovie.warnerbros.com
http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/infolab/
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti
http://aimovie.warnerbros.com
http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/infolab/
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti
http://aimovie.warnerbros.com
http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/infolab/
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti
http://aimovie.warnerbros.com
http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/infolab/
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti
A robotic agent might have cameras and infrared range finders for
sensors and various motors for actuators.
A software agent receives keystrokes, file contents, and network
packets as sensory inputs and acts on the environment by
displaying on the screen, writing files, and sending network
packets.
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effectors
Challenges:
sensors
Distributed decision-making
and control
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Agent Types
We can split agent research into two main strands:
Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI)
Multi-Agent Systems (MAS)
(1980 1990)
(1990s present)
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Rational Agents
Environment
actions
Effectors
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti
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Goals?
Percepts?
Sensors?
Effectors?
Actions?
Environment?
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Goals:
Keep windshields clean & maintain visibility
Percepts:
Raining, Dirty
Sensors:
Camera (moist sensor)
Effectors:
Wipers (left, right, back)
Actions:
Off, Slow, Medium, Fast
Environment: Inner city, freeways, highways, weather
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http://iLab.usc.edu
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti
http://beobots.org
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Interacting Agents
Collision Avoidance Agent (CAA)
Goals:
Avoid running into obstacles
Percepts:
Obstacle distance, velocity, trajectory
Sensors:
Vision, proximity sensing
Effectors:
Steering Wheel, Accelerator, Brakes, Horn, Headlights
Actions:
Steer, speed up, brake, blow horn, signal (headlights)
Environment: Freeway
Lane Keeping Agent (LKA)
Goals:
Stay in current lane
Percepts:
Lane center, lane boundaries
Sensors:
Vision
Effectors:
Steering Wheel, Accelerator, Brakes
Actions:
Steer, speed up, brake
Environment: Freeway
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti
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Arbitrate:
Compromise:
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GOOD BEHAVIOR:
THE CONCEPT OF RATIONALITY
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Rational agents
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Rational agents
Rationality is distinct from omniscience (all-knowing with
infinite knowledge)
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Rationality?
What is rational at any given time depends on four things:
The performance measure that defines the criterion of success.
The agents prior knowledge of the environment.
The actions that the agent can perform.
The agents percept sequence to date.
This leads to a definition of a rational agent:
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One can see easily that the same agent would be irrational under
different circumstances.
For example, once all the dirt is cleaned up, the agent will oscillate
needlessly back and forth;
if the performance measure includes a penalty of one point for each
movement left or right, the agent will fare poorly.
A better agent for this case would do nothing once it is sure that all
the squares are clean.
If clean squares can become dirty again, the agent should
occasionally check and re-clean them if needed.
If the geography of the environment is unknown, the agent will
need to explore it rather than stick to squares A and B.
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Rational =
Rational =
Rational =
Rational =
Rational =
Best ?
Optimal ?
Omniscience ?
Clairvoyant ?
Successful ?
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Rational = Best
Rational = Optimal
Rational Omniscience
Rational Clairvoyant
Rational Successful
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Look up table
Distance
10
Action
obstacle
No action
sensor
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Turn left 30
degrees
Stop
agent
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Closed form
Output (degree of rotation) = F(distance)
E.g., F(d) = 10/d
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Thankyou
Q&A
Referred Book
Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach., 3rd Edition, by
Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Prentice-Hall, 2003
For Course Slides and Handouts
web page:
https://sites.google.com/site/drzeeshanacademy/
Blog:
http://zeeshanacademy.blogspot.com/
Facebook:
https://www.facebook.com/drzeeshanacademy
By: Dr. Zeeshan Bhatti
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