>

>>

EE

(. 1)

(. 2)

(. 3)

(. 4)

(. 5)

(. 6)

(. 7)

(. 8)

(. 9)

(. 10)

(. 11)

(. 12)

(20122013)

, , ,

( , )

(20122013)

, ,

, ,

, ,
( , )

, .

,
.
, ,

.

, .
.. , . To , ,
.
.

,
, . .
, ,
( ) , ( )
.
, , .
"".

.
o , .
, .
.
,
( ).

, .
, , .
, .., .
( ) ,
(= ) .
, , , .
.

, .
, .
,
. .

, .

, ,
.
..,
10 s
2 kg
5 oC .
, , , , .

, ,
: .
.
.., 500 m ,
. 500 m
, .
,
. .
. , .. ,
, . , o,
, .

( , ..) ,
.
, (, , ).

,
.
X :
.. +10 m 10 m
10 m 10 m .

,
.
, ( ) +10 m 10 m,
10 m.

,
.
, :

,
.
.

-3

-3

-2

-1

x = -2 m

x=0m

-2

-1

+1

+2

(m)

x = +3 m

+1

+2

S.I. (m).
+ ,
.
x , ,
.
, 2m
2 m .

(m)

,
, .

.
, .
. , .
.
, , .
, .

, 500 m ,
. 500 m
, .
, . .
, , .

.
, x1 x2,
( x), :
x = x2 x1 ( )
S.I. (m).

x1 = 3 m

x2 = 1 m

-4

-3

-2

-1

(m)

x = 1m (3)m = +2 m

x2 = 2 m

x1 = +1 m

.
, .
x2 > x1 .
, .
x2 < x1 . :
, .

-3

-2

-1

+1

(m)

x = 2m (+1)m = 3 m
,

.

2 m 3 m, .

, .

, .
, .

xo ( ).
(xO = 0 m) , :

, :
x
x
S

, , x = x = S

, , . , x = x = S > 0.
,

.. xo = 2 m
( , , ).

( ),
, . :

100 m
14 !

xo , t = 0.
, x t.
x = x xo, t = t to = t 0 = t.

x = 0 m

x = 100 m

t = 0 s

t = 14 s

t = t t = 14 s

, , :
t
t .
, x1 x2, . t1 t2.
x = x2 x1, t = t2 t1.

, :
,
,

t = t2 t1 .
S.I. (s).

,
.

, .
S.I. (s).
, 1 s, .
.., 1 s 20 m 15 m.
, , .
m
m
20 m 1 s 20 m 20
, 15
.
1s

S.I. s .

m

t = 1 s
t=0s
0

t = 1 s
t=1s

+1

+2

x = +3 m

+3

+4

,
( ).
( , ...).

t = 1 s
t=2s

+5

+6

x = +3 m

t=3s
+7

+8

+9

(m)

x = +3 m

, ,
, .
.

...,
.

,
(1s)
(+3m).
,
.

...: =

:
v=

t=0s
v

m
3m 6m 9m
=
=
=3
1s
2s
3s
s

t=1s
v

, ,

()

t=2s
v

t=3s
v

(
) .

x x

2 1
v x
t
t2 t1

, .
.
H , ,
. , .
( ..., ).

...

... , , ,
xo x, , to t.

... v x x x o
t

t to

(xo = 0 to = 0),
v
... :
v =

x
t

, , .

, ,
t ... v.

v
=
v t = x
to

...:
vt , .
[ x] = [ /// vt ]

v =

x xo
x, :
t to

... x = xo + v (t to)
... :

x = xo + v t

xo (to = 0),
, x = x o + v t
x (xo = 0), ...
, x = v t

x
=

x
t

=v

xo
0

t
t

,
t ... x.

..., x = xo + v t :
xt , xo.
xt = v.

,
.
( ...).
(,
).
...

... .
, .
..., =

( m s ,
. .)
...

... .

( ).
...
... . , , .

... ,
.

t
0

dt

t
0

dt

t
xt
.

dt , .
, dt, . , , dt t
( ), dt
v t. :
.

...

... t
vt, t.
...
... . , , .

v3
v2
v1

E1

E2

dt

dt

E3
dt

... ,
. t.
, t dt.
, , .
, dt, , v1
, dx1 = v1 dt
E1.
dt : v2,
dt. , dx2 = v2 dt E2.

v3
v2
v1

dt.
, x t:

E1 E2 E3
0

dt t, .
,
. dt ...,
(=) .
, dt, t .

dt

x = dx1 + dx2 + dx3 + = E1 + E2 + E3 +

dt dt
t

, dt
( v1 v2 v3 )
, .

dt,
, . ,
W = E1 + E2 + E3 + , .

0


vt.

dt t, W = E1 + E2 + E3 +
.
A dt ,
( ).
T E1 + E2 + E3 +
( , ) x t. , x = E
,
.

, . , x = E

!
1 s 20 m/s
15 m/s

... . ,
. S.I. 1 s.
.., 1 s 20 m/s 15 m/s.
(To km/h, m/s).
, , .
20 m/s 1 s
15

m
s

20

m
s

1s

20

m
s

S.I.

m.
2
s

, .
( ...)
, ...

( , , .... ....)
t = 1 s

t = 1 s

t = 1 s

t=0s t=1s

v=0

v=2

v = 2

m
s

t=2s

m
s

v=4

v = 2

t=3s

m
s

v=6

, ,
, () . 1 s , , .

m
s

v = 2

m
s

m
s

: 1 s 2 m/s.
, .
m
m
m
4
6
s =
s =
s = 2 m
1s
2 s
3 s
s2

...., .

: =

....: =

()

, ,

v v

t t2 t 1
2
1

: .
,
.

v1

v2
(+)

()

()

, ,
. , , :

v1

v2
(+)

: .
,
.

.... ,
, .

: v > v v v > 0 v > 0

t > 0

v
>0
t

.... ,
, .

: v < v v v < 0 v < 0

t > 0

v
<0
t

, .... ( ),

.

,
:
(= )
: 5 m/s2
5 m/s2

,
, ,
.
, ,
.

....

.... , ,
vo v, , to t.

....:
=

( = 0) (to = 0),

=
t = v

to

v
t

, t
.... .

vv

.... t t t o =
o

t
t

....:
t , .
[ v ] = [ /// t ].

v vo
v, :
t to

..E.. v = vo + (t to)
....:
v = vo + t

v
v
vo

= v =
t

(to = 0) (v = 0),
v = t
, t ....
v.

....:
vt , vo

= |x|

( t = 0) v,
v = v + t

= .

[ x] = [ //// vt ]

...., ,
( ).
.... (, x = 0 t = 0)
v. v = v + t
.
, x t x
x = 0. ,
[ x t] = [ x 0 t]
= [ /// ]
= ( ) ()
, , x = x =

....:

x = vo t +

(v + t) + vo
v vo
1
t = o
t = v t + t2
2
2
2

E.O..., ,
vo,
x = v t +

1
t2
2

1
2

( v = 0), ....

x=

1
t2
2

, , t ....
x.
0

.... .

10

....

.... , ,
vo v, , to t.

....

v vo
v

t
t to

[ .... .
....:

vo v
> 0 . ]
t to

(to = 0) vo,

t
to

v vo
t

t = |v|

, , t
.... .

....
t , .
[ v ] = [ //// t ].
( )

v vo
v, :
t to

..E.. v = vo + (t to)
v = vo (t to)
....:
v = vo t

, t ....
v.

vo

....
vt , vo

= v =
t

v
v

(t = 0) v,
v = v t

= .
=|x|

t
0

t .... .
0 = vo t, .... t = vo /

[ x] = [ //// vt ]

( )

...., , (
).
(, x = 0 t = 0)
v, v = v t
.
x t x x = 0.
[ x t] = [ x 0 t]
= //// ()
= ( ) ()
, , x = x =

....:
x = vo t

1
t2
2

(v t) + vo
v vo
1
t = o
t = v t || t2
2
2
2

E.O...,
vo,

x = v t

1
2

x = v t +

1
2

, , t ....
x.
0

.... .

.
, .
, ,
. , ,
, , .
""

(... .... ....)

.

. ;

. , , :
(xo = 0) (to = 0). , . x = x = S t = t.
, .
.

.... ...., .

, ( Merton):
x=

( NA A )

.... .... .
t
, :
x=

....

v + vo
t
2

v2 v2
....
2

x =

v2 v 2
....
2

.... x ,
x =

v 2 v 2
v = 0.
2

x =

....

(NA A )

v 2
2

, .... ....,
. :
H x = vo t + 1 t2 .... v = vo + t
2

[ , (to = 0) vo (xo = 0)].

, , .... v = vo + (t to)
[ to vo xo].
x = vo t + 1 t2
2

....:
v = vo + (t t)

v = vo + (t to).
x to t.
[ x to t] = [ //// ]

v
v

vo

v
t

= ( ) ()
, ,

=|x|

( ).

v vo
2

(t to)

(vo + t) + vo
2

= vo (t to) +
,

(t to)
1
2

(t to)2

x = vo t + 1 t2
2

:
x xo = vo (t to) + 1 (t to)2
2

x = xo + vo (t to) + 1 (t to)2
2

11

' (20122013),
( ) /
(. 6371).

. 8, 34

. 9, 19

. 26 . 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 . . 45

. 10, 25, 12, 13, 30, 33 . 3, 9, 10

. 20, 29, 39

. 21, 11, 14, 31 . 7, 8, 14, 12

. 1 . 57 . 13, 17

. 15, 17, 22, 23, 24, 32, 37, 38, 40 . 2 . 57 . 15, 11, 16, 19, 18

, / .
/
( )

1. () () .

)
)
)
)
)
)
)
2. xt :
)
)
)
)
)
) ,

3. vt :
)
) .
) ,

) T ,

4. (x, t)

t(s)

) (vo = 0)

x(m)

12

27

48

)
) vt.
5. , , 3 m.
+10 m 24 m,
) ,
)
) .
[ : ) 11 m ) 13 m ) 34 m ]

12


6. 0,4 s 20 m/s.
50 m
2
5 m/s . N :
) , :
.
.
. ,
V.
(E )
) ____
( )
) ,
___________________________________________
( )
) ,
, ; (E )
v

I.

II.

III.

IV.

) , , :
( )

I. v = t

II. S = 1 t2
2

2
III. S = v

IV. t = v

V. v = vo t

VI. S = v t

7.
, 4 m/s2.
) 3 s.
) 5 s .
) x = f(t2) 5 s
[ : ) 18 m ) 20 m/s ]

8. , v1 = +8 m/s v2 = +4 m/s .
x1 = 21 m x2 = +7 m.
) ;
) .
[ : ) 7 s ) 35 m ]
2
9. 2 m/s . T 3 s 54 km/h.
N 60%.

[ : 7,5 s ]

10. 20 m/s.
24 m .
) , 5 s.
) .

[ : ) 4 m/s2 ) 120 m ]

2
11. , , = 5 m/s .
10m/s, .
3 s.

) .
) vt xt.
[ : ) 45 m ]

12. ,
1 = 4 m/s2 2 = 5 m/s2. M 10 s
, .
N
.

13