SPANISH

COLONIZATION OF
THE PHILIPPINES
Prepared by: Mr. Eduard R. Chua

The age of exploration

Before the age of
exploration people
believed:
Earth is flat;
Sea monsters exists
(e.g., Kraken);
Europe is the center of
the world;
Boiling sea exists in the
south;
The world is small.

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New Sea Routes

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Wealth for country

Wealth for explorer
To avoid Arab controlled trade routes
Spread Christianity
Inspired by the spirit of Renaissance and
The Travels of Marco Polo

What made voyages possible:

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Portuguese caravels (clinkerbuilt, square and lateen sails,

rudders)
New navigational instruments
such as:
Astrolabe (north star), Quadrant
(sun), cross-staff (horizon) all
found latitude.
Compass for direction.
Log and line for speed.
Lead and line for depth.
Portolan charts and newer maps.

Life on board a ship.

Lots of jobs to do.

Difficult and dangerous.
Strict discipline is necessary.
Food dry and salted.
Scurvy (a disease caused by a
deficiency of vitamin C,
characterized by swollen bleeding
gums and the opening of
previously healed wounds)
Hammock (developed by native
inhabitants of Central and South
America) made available after
America was discovered. Used
aboard ships by sailors to enable
comfort and maximize available
space

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DISCOVERY OF THE PHILIPPINES

FERDINAND
MAGELLAN
A Portuguese explorer who
organised the Spanish
expedition to the East
Indies from 1519 to 1522,
resulting in the first
circumnavigation of the
Earth.

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DISCOVERY OF THE PHILIPPINES

He was selected by King Charles I of Spain to

search for a westward route to the Maluku
Islands (the "Spice Islands").
He would be made governor of all new lands
discovered and 5% of the profits.

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DISCOVERY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Commanded a fleet of 5 vessels Trinity,
Conception, San Antonio, Santiago and
Victoria)
He headed south through the Atlantic Ocean to
Patagonia, passing through the Strait of
Magellan into a body of water he named the
"peaceful sea" (the modern Pacific Ocean).

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DISCOVERY OF THE PHILIPPINES

March 16, 1521

Ferdinand Magellan landed in the uninhabited
island of Homonhon
Proceeded to Limasawa and met with the ruler
Rajah Kolambu

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DISCOVERY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Celebrated the first mass (Fr. Pedro de Valderrama) on
March 31, 1521
Planted the wooden cross atop a hill Magellans Cross
in Cebu.
Met with Rajah Humabon
On April 14, 1521, converted the first ( 800) Christian
Filipinos.
All chieftains welcomed Magellan except Lapu-lapu of
Mactan.

The Battle of Mactan

(1491-1542)
Ruler of Mactan in the
Visayas.
Lapu-Lapu was the
first warrior-chief in
Asia to defy and defeat
an imperial European
power.

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The Battle of Mactan

As the dusts in the 1521
historical Battle of Mactan
settled down, Lapu-Lapu
proved to be an able combat
strategist successfully leading
his band of warriors against
the battle-hardened
conquistadors (soldiers and
explorers of the Spanish
Empire).

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The Battle of Mactan

From Cebu, Magellan set out

for the nearby island of Mactan
upon hearing that its chief was
adamant in not paying tribute
to the invaders and refusing to
pledge allegiance to the King of
Spain.

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The Battle of Mactan

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The white men had the superiority of arms and military

preparedness, but these did not intimidate Lapu-Lapu
and his people.
When Magellan sent word for Lapu-Lapus surrender,
the Mactan chief stood firm and prepared for war.

The Battle of Mactan

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Magellan attacked by dawn.

Upon learning that the locals only have
makeshift bamboo cannons, the invaders
disembarked and began their advance.
But as they wade ashore, they fell into deep pits
dug along the sandy shores full of pointed
bamboos.
At this time, the natives then rushed into the
clearing, throwing arrows on the trapped
Spaniards and engaging the survivors into a
fierce sword fight.

The Battle of Mactan

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The natives were good in the art of fighting with bladed

weapons, which they called pangamut, a system of
fighting using the arnis movement.
They were also proficient in hand-to-hand combat which
they referred to as dumog, a native style of unarmed
fighting characterized by locking and pinning
techniques.

The Battle of Mactan

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Lapu-Lapus men were aware that the armor and steel

shields of the enemy did not protect their legs.
The natives, then, directed their pointed arrows to this
Achilles heel.
A poisoned arrow struck Magellans thigh, prompting
him to order a retreat. The legendary navigator fell with
Lapu-Lapus final blow.

The Battle of Mactan

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Many of Magellans forces were killed during the battle

and the death of Magellan further disorganized the
beleaguered conquistadores who retreated for their
longboats while being pursued by the natives.

The Battle of Mactan

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The gallant stand of Lapu-Lapu against the

military superiority of the Spanish conquerors
was the first triumph of an Asian people against
a European power.
Lapu-Lapu and his men are still viewed
today as a strong symbol of native
defiance against the white colonizers.

Conquest of Manila
The Philippines was not
formally organized as a
Spanish colony until 1565
when Philip II appointed
Miguel Lopez de
Legazpi the first
Governor General.
Legazpi tried every effort
to win the trust of the
natives.
Polytheism was still
practiced by Filipinos
although some had
converted to Islam.

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Conquest of Manila

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Legazpi sent an expedition under the leadership

of Martin de Goiti to Manila.
The Spaniards arrived in Luzon on May 8, 1570.
Manila is ruled by Rajah Suliman, whose
friendship is won by Martin de Goiti.
Rajah Suliman wages war against the Spaniards
due to a move by de Goiti which he mistakes for
an assault.

Conquest of Manila

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PANDAY PIRA
First Filipino metallurgist.
He devised the cannon using a mold of clay and
wax which was used by Rajah Suliman to protect
Manila against the invading Spanish troops.
Rajah Suliman (Muslim), Rajah Matanda
(Hindu), and Lakan Dula (Taoist) were
unsuccessful in defending Tondo and other
settlements in Manila against the Spanish troops
headed by Martin de Goiti.

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Manila as Capital
Legazpi establishes his government in
Manila.
He proclaimed it the capital of the
Philippines.
He named it,
Insigne y Siempre Leal Ciudad which
means distinguished and ever loyal
city.