INTRODUCTION AND HANDLING CHEMICALS

PAPER
This paper is made to fulfill Laboratorium Technic assignment
from Mr. I Wayan Sumberartha

OFFERING A
Christine Apriyani

150361400023

Fitria

150341600926

Purwaning Rohmah

150341600847

Siti Nurhalizah

150341607130

Wisnu Tri Pamungkas

150341604200

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MALANG

MATEMATHIC AND SCIENCE FACULTY
BIOLOGY MAJORS

AUGUST 2015

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
Biology concerned with how to find out about life in systematic, so that
biology is not only a mastery of knowledge in the form of a collection of concepts, or
principles but also the discovery process. So that students can prove that the concept
or principle that is in the book is true.
To prove the concept, the students have to conduct experiments. The
experiments can be performed in the laboratory. That's why the laboratory which has
complete equipment and integrated existence in the university is absolutely needed in
order to expedite the process of learning related to proving some the existing
theories.
In the biology lab activities are not only used biological material (material
derived from living things) but also used variety of chemicals. The chemicals is used
as a reagent. Therefore biology students need to have knowledge about chemicals,
especially those that are often used in the laboratory. Knowledge about chemicals
which owned, there are intended that the student is able to handle chemicals
properly. Thus experiment can running smoothly and accidents due to ignorance can
be avoided.

B. Formulation of the problem

Formulation of the problem in these discussion are as follows:
1. How are the introduction and handling chemicals?
C. Objectives?
The purpose of this paper is as follows:
1. To introduce the introduction and handling chemicals

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
Chemicals that exist in a relatively large number in laboratories, beside the amount
which is large, chemicals can also cause quite high varieties of hazard, therefore in lab
management aspects of the introduction of materials, handling, and storage adahal things to
watch.
There are several classifications for chemicals that exist in laboratory chemicals such as
flammable, oxidizing, explosive materials, radioactive materials, corrosive materials, as well
as poisonous or toxic materials.
1. Flammable materials (Flammable)

Flammable materials can be gaseous, volatile liquid, or solid materials in the

form of dust mixed with air.
a. Flammable material has the characteristics :
- Volatile (easy to evaporate)
- Liquid vapor can causing fire in normal condition
- Liquid vapor can spread around the room
- Most vapors are heavier than air so it tends to be on the floor surface.
b. Examples of flammable materials :
- Solvents and reagents such Acetaldehyde, Acetic Acid, Acetone, Benzene,
Carbondisulfide, Ether, Ethyl Acetate, Ethyl Alcohol, etc.
- Organic materials such as Al, Mg, Zn, K, Na, Ethylene gas, methane, butane,
etc.
c. Handling and Storage
- Materials is forbidden to be heated directly or stored on the hot surface.
- Keep it in a place which has good ventilation
- Preparing it in minimum amount. Solvents which are not used anymore, return
it to the original bottle
- Provide fire extinguishers. When small fires happened, use a wet cloth or sand.
- When heating the chemicals, do not exceed of its capacity
- Do not waste flammable liquid into the sink
- Do not store flammable liquids near the oxidizing or corrosive materials.
- Control periodically all ingredients
2. Materials Oxidizer (Oxidizing)

Ingredients and formulations marked with the danger notation "oxidizing"

a. Characteristics
- Easy to react with oxygen
- Non-flammable
- When reacting with flammable substances, it can be burned significantly
- Normally inorganic substances
b. The examples of Materials Oxidizer
Chlorat, Perchlorat, Bromate, Peroxide, Nitric Acid, Potassium Nitrate,
Potassium Petinanganat, bromine, chlorine, fluorine and iodine which reacts
easily with oxygen (under certain conditions) that are grouped into
oxidising agents.
c. Handling and Storage
- Avoid to keep in hot storage
- Prepare this materials in minimum amount
- Keep away from flammable materials
- Keep it safe with good ventilation
- Control the materials regularly
3. Corrosive materials (corrosive)

Corrosive substance is a substance that can causing damage and permanent

disability to the tissues which is hurted by this corrosive materials.
The touch of the skin and corrosive materials commonly easy to realized so that
it is less harmful if compared with inhaled toxins. Many of the ingredients that are not
corrosive but irritating to the skin and can cause inflammation. The materials such as
alkali soap compounds and hygroscopic materials.
a. Characteristics :
- Non-flammable liquids
- Some of them are volatile
- Destroy tissues in the human body
- Damage equipment which used in the experiment
- When the acid pH <2 and when the alkaline pH> 11.5

b. Examples of Corrosive Materials

Nitric Acid, Sulphuric Acid, Hydrochloric Acid, Sodium Hydroxide, Acetic
Acid, Anhydride Acetate, Methanol, Perchlorat, Ammonia, Bromine, Fluorine,
Hydrogen Iodide, Phenol, carbon-intensive, acidic Format, Hydrogen
Peroxide, Red Phosphorus and Yellow Phosphorus, Metal Potassium ,
Potassium Hydroxide, Silver Nitrate and Sodium Metal.
c. Handling and Storage
- Store in a corresponding passage and do the controlling and supervision
- Follow the rules of storage
- Store in a laboratory in a minimum amount
- Always wear safety equipment, such as gloves, lab coats and goggles
- Do not get spilled and when in contact with skin, wash with soap and water
- For every ingredient that can not be washed with water, use emulsion cleanser
then wash with soap and water.
4. Explosive materials (Explosive)

Some chemicals can explode when mixed with air, although there is no air.
Chemicals can also be biodegradable and usually accompanied by an explosion when
heated or mixed with other materials.
a. Things Explosion Triggers
- The presence of flammable solvents
- There is liquid air. Air can explode if mixed with elements reducing or
hydrocarbons
- There was dust. Dense dust from combustible materials mixed with air
- There are gases
- There are peroxides
b. The examples of Explosive Materials
Nitric acid can caused an explosion if it reacts with some solvents such as
acetone, diethyl ether, ethanol, etc.
c. Handling and Storage
- Get used to conduct experiments in the open place or in a fume cupboard
- Use in small amounts
- Use the proper tools, such as thick glasses, which a stable pressure
- Observe from behind a safety screen or wear safety equipment such as mask
- Control othe materials regularly
5. Toxic (Toxic)

This material under normal conditions or accident conditions or under

conditions of both can be dangerous to life around it.
a. Characteristics :
- There are various forms
- Usually enter to the body through the mouth, respiratory and skin
- Harmful to the body
- It is Karsiogenic
b. The examples of Toxic Substances :
Aniline, Benzene, Bromine, Chlorine, Fluorine, formaldehyde, formic acid,
hydrogen chloride, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, hydrogen
Cyanida, Hydrogen Peroxide, Iodine, Nitric Acid, Nitrobenzen, phenol, sulfur
dioxide, metals, Chromium , Mercury (mercury), silver, and tin.
c. Handling and Storage
- Use material while the nose is closed or well ventilated
- Use protection, such as goggles, gloves, and lab coats
- Bottles must always have a table and stored in a locked cabinet
- Wash your hands before leaving the laboratory
- Sprinkle sand or soil if the substance spilled onto the floor until absorbed and
then uapkan soil / sand terrsebut in the oven

CHAPTER III
CLOSING

Laboratory potentially harmful to the health of its users, but the potentials of the
danger can be controlled, with an awareness of and supported by knowledge of the chemical

and its properties, accidents can be avoided, reduced, even eliminated altogether. So that the
laboratory is not a scary and dangerous place.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Imam Khasan, S. 1983. Overview of Safety in the Laboratory. Safety Classes for
Handling Hazardous materials 5 to 9 December 1983. LKN; Bandung.
Djupripadmawinata, et al. (1981). Management Science Laboratory-II (Continued).
Jakarta: P3G