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10

aniltakalikar@gmail.com

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mmUo nwT>Mr 2 df
JmS>rgmR>r ngo dmM{dZ.

4. Vwhr Vw_`m c`mZm H$go m H$amc ?

{Z{Ic - AmVm Vwcm Am{WH$ {Z`moOZmMo {d{dY ncw H$ico AmhoV. Va Mc, AmVm nU Vw`m H$mhr c`mMm
{dMma H$$ Am{U Vy Vr H$emH$mao m H$aerc Vo nmh. _cm gmJ VwPr ^{d`m_Yrc H$moUVr c`o AmhoV ?
eVZw - {ZpMVM. _cm _m`m {ejUmgmR>r gdW_ ngo O_dm`Mo AmhoV Am{U ZVa EH$ XwMmH$s {dH$V
`md`mMr Amho.
{Z{Ic - gdW_, Vy VwPr c`o {chmd`mg hdr d VgoM Vwcm Vr H$Yr n`V m H$am`Mr AmhoV Vo nU {chr.
OoUo H$Z Vy `mMr `mo`H$mao {d^mJUr H$$ eH$erc.

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11

V$m 1 - eVZwMr c`o

c`o
c`mMo H$ma
{ejU
AnmdYr
XwMmH$s dmhZ
_`_ AdYr
g\$a
_`_ AdYr
{ddmh
XrKmdYr
Ka
XrKmdYr

Zmd
dVMo
dVMo
nmcH$mgmR>rMo
dVMo
dVMo

c` {XZmH$
2011
2014
2016
2018
2020

d` - 21 df
a$_ (cmImV)
05.00
00.50
1.00
10.00
70.00

EH$Xm H$m Vwhr ho Ho$co, H$s _J `mZwgma Vw_`m JwVdUwH$ H$am`cm gwdmV H$am.
c`
{ejU

XwMmH$s dmhZ

g\$a
{ddmh

Ka

c`mMm H$ma c` {XZmH$

Amd`H$ H$Vr
AnmdYrMo
2012
{ejU ewH$mgmR>r H$mhr ngo nmcH$mH$Sy>Z d H$mhr
H$O KoD$Z C^o H$am.
_`_ AdYrMo 2015
2013 n`V Aer Amem Amho H$s Vy H$_{d`mg
gwdmV H$aerc. _J `oH$ dfu ` 10 hOma
dmMd. VrZ dfmV dmhZ Ko`m cm`H$ a$_ V`ma
hmoBc.
_`_ AdYrMo 2018
c` {dMmamV R>odyZ eoAa qH$dm `wMwAc \$S> `mV
JwVdUwH$ H$Z MmJco naVmdo m H$a. naVw `mgmR>r
nwH$i AmYrM `moOZm ~Z{dUo JaOoMo Amho.
XrKmdYrMo
2020
eoAa, F$U~Y Am{U `wMwAc \$S> `mV JwVdUwH$
H$Z VwPo IM nyU H$a`mg a$_ C^r hmoBc.
XrKmdYrMo
2022
Vy gmdYr `moOZoV JwVdUwH$ H$a. `m_wio Vwcm _moR>r
a$_ V`ma H$a`mg _XV hmoBc.

5. OmoIr_ {d naVmdo
`oH$ `{$Mr OmoIr_ Ko`mMr EH$ j_Vm AgVo. Vw_`m OmoIr_-naVmdo `m`m ~m~VrVrc {ZU`mdaM
OmoIr_H$S>o Xwcj H$$ eH$`mMr j_Vm R>aV AgVo. Oa Vwhr EImm ZwH$`mM gw$ hmoUm`m H$nZrV A{Ve`
OmoIr_ KoD$Z JwVdUwH$ H$aV Agmc, Va Vw_Mr OmoIr_ Ko`mMr j_Vm OmV Amho. VrZ H$maMo OmoI_rZwgma
naVmdo m H$a`mMo d^md AgVmV, Vw_`mOdi CncY \$S> Am{U Vwhr H$moU`m H$maMr JwVdUwH$ {ZdS>Vm
`mda ho gd Adc~yZ AgVmV. Vo Ago.
1. gmdYnUm hUOo `mV Vw_Mr nwOr gwa{jV am{hc `mMr OmVrV OmV H$miOr KoD$Z Vwhr A{Ve` H$_r
OmoIr_ Agco`m {R>H$mUr JwVdUwH$ H$aVm. Ogo H$s S>mH$ {d^mJmVrc `moOZm, ~Ho$Vrc gmdYr `moOZm,
emgH$s` amoIo B`mXr.
2. _`_ dnmMr OmoIr_ hUOo Vwhr WmoS>r OmoIr_ Ko`mMr BN>m R>odVm d _J `w`wAc \$S> B`mXr
`moOZm_Yo JwVdUwH$ H$aVm.
3. CgmhnyU OmoIr_ hUOo Vwhr A{Ve` OmV OmoIr_ nH$Z eoAa, dm`Xm ~mOma AWdm OmVrV OmV
naVmdo m hmoUm`m {R>H$mUr JwVdUwH$ H$aVm.
JwVdUwH$sMo EH$ _wI Vd Amho H$s, Vwhmcm m hmoUmao naVmdo Zoh_r Vw_`m OmoI_r`m Vamda Adc~yZ
AgVmV. Oa Vwhr EImm OmV OmoI_r`m {R>H$mUr JwVdUwH$ H$Z R>odcr, Va _J Vwhmcm Vw_`m OmoI_rMo
~YZ H$a`mgmR>r Amd`H$ nmdco CMcmdr cmJVmV. EH$Xm H$m Vwhr Hw$R>`mhr H$ma`m gnmrV JwVdUwH$
Ho$cr H$s _J Vwhmcm `m JwVdUwH$sda gVV cj R>odmdo cmJVoM {edm` ~mOmamV KS>Um`m {d{dY KQ>Zmda gwm
ZOa R>odmdr cmJVo. OoUo H$Z AMmZH$ Hw$R>`m dmBQ> n[apWVrMm n[aUm_ JwVdUwH$sda Z hmdm. Oohm naVmdo
Iyn OmV Xe{dcoco AgVmV Vohm Zoh_r `m`m _mJMr OmoIr_ {H$Vr OmV Amho. ho nS>VmiyZ nmhmdo.
12

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6. MH$dmT>VoMo gm_`
Oohm JwVdUwH$ H$amd`mMr AgVo, Vohm doi gdmV _moR>r ^y{_H$m {Z^dVmo. Vw_Mo naVmdo Zoh_rM Vwhr Hw$R>`m
doicm JwVdco d H$Yr ~mhoa nS>coV. `mda Adc~yZ AgVmV. MH$dmT>Vm hr Aer gH$nZm H$s, OrMm Oa Vwhr
`dpWV nmR>nwamdm Ho$cm Va Iyn OmV \$m`Xm m H$Z XoVo. Vw_Mr ~MV Oa Iyn XrKH$mcmdYrgmR>r MH$dmT>
nVrV Agoc Va `mMo naVmdo IynM MmJco AgVmV. WmoS>`mV `m H$mamV `mOmda `mO m hmoVo. AmnU
ho CXmhaUmZoM g_OyZ KoD$.

Oa g_Om Vwhr, ` 5000, d`m`m 25 `m dfmnmgyZ `oH$ _{h`mcm ~mOwcm H$mTy>Z R>odco d `mda
10% `mO XamZo naVmdm Vwhmcm {_imcm. Va d`m`m 60 `m dfmn`V Vw_Mr nwOr OdiOdi ` 1 H$moQ>r`m
KamV qH$dm `mhrnojm OmV OmBc. hoM Oa H$m Vwhr d`m`m 40 `m dfu gw$ Ho$co BVHo$M ngo d hmM `mO
Xa, Va _J Vw_`m {Zdmr n`V hr a$_ \$$ ` 33 cmI hmoUma.
Ago J{hV Yam H$s ` 100 Vwhr 5 dfmgmR>r JwV{dco.
df
1
2
3
4
5

a$_
(10% {ZpMV `mO Xa)
110
121
133.1
146.41
161.05

A{ZpMV `mO Xa
10%
9%
12%
10%
9%

a$_
110
119.9
133.50
146.8508
160.06

`oWo ho cjmV Ko`mgmaIo Amho H$s, Oo ` 100 Vwhr nmM dfmgmR>r {ZpMV `mO Xamda JwV{dco `mMo Vwhmcm
` 161.05 m hmoUma Am{U hrM a$_ Odinmg Vwhmcm A{ZpMV `mO Xam_Yo XoIrc {_iV Amho. hUOoM
5 dfm_Yo Vw_`m aH$_oda 60% naVmdo m H$a`mMr gYr Vwhmcm {_iVo Amho.

hUyZM MH$dmT> ho Ago EH$ _m`_ Amho H$s, `mV Vw_Mr JwVdUwH$ EH$m XrKH$mcmdYrV A{Ve`
AmM`H$maH$ar`m dmT>Vo. hUyZM {OVH$m doi OmV {VVH$m OmV ngm Vwhr ~Z{dUma Am{U hUyZM `oWo
Am{WH$ {Z`moOZ A`V Amd`H$ R>aVo.

Amd{V R>od `moOZm qH$dm nVera JwVdUwH$ `moOZm (SIP) `m Vwhmcm `mgmR>r Cn`moJr R>$ eH$VmV. `mV
Vwhr MoH$Zo AWdm gai Im`mVyZ ngo JwVdUwH$ `moOZoV Q>mHy$ eH$Vm d Amncr MH$dmT> `moOZm `dpWVar`m
H$m`mpdV R>ody eH$Vm.

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13

7. _hmJmBMo JwVdUwH$sda hmoUma n[aUm_

_hmJmB hUOo dVw`m {H$_Vr Am{U godm_Yo dmT> hmoUo. Oer qH$_V dmT>Vo Vgo H$_r cmoH$ dVwMr IaoXr H$$
eH$VmV. AmnU Ago hUy `m H$s, noQ>moc`m {H$_Vr ` 40 dZ ` 45 da Jo`mV d noQ>mocMm XOm VmoM. Aem
doir {H$_Vr_Ycm \$aH$ AmnUmg _hmJmB Xe{dVmo.
Oa Vwhr Vw_`m ` 5000 `m JwVdUwH$sda 10% `mO XamZo dfm`m eodQ>r ` 500 naVmdm m H$aV Agmc
Am{U _hmJmB Xa Oa 11% Agoc, Va _J Vwhmcm m hmoUmam naVmdm XoIrc mdm cmJoc H$maU _hmJmB Xa
OmV Amho. `m_wio EH$m Jmo>rMr Zoh_r Imr H$Z `m H$s, Vwhmcm m hmoUmao naVmdo _hmJmB Xamnojm OmV
AmhoV. VgoM Vwhr nemMr doi{Zhm` qH$_V gwm g_OyZ `m.

doi{Zhm` nemMr qH$_V

eVZw - hmo, _cm _m{hVr Amho doioZwgma nem`m {H$_Vr~m~V _cm AmR>dV H$s Am_Mo JwVdUwH$sMo m`mnH$
`m~c gmJm`MoV. `mZr Amhmcm EH$ CnH$_ gwm {Xcm hmoVm `mmao ho g_O`mg _XV hmoBc. `mZr
Amhmcm Kam_Yo OmV dmna`m OmUm`m dVw`m {H$_Vr OmUyZ Ko`mg gm{JVco hmoVo Am{U `m`m g`m`m
{H$_VtMr `mXr Am{U 5 dfmnydu Agco`m `m`m {H$_VrMr `mXr ~Z{d`mg gm{JVcr hmoVr. Amhmcm `mVyZ
ho H$ico H$s nmM dfm`m VwcZoV `mM dVwMr g`mMr qH$_V IynM OmV Amho.
{Z{Ic - mMo H$maU hUOo doi{Zhm` nemMr qH$_V. Ogm doi {ZKyZ OmVmo Vwcm OmUrd hmoBc H$s, `m
Xwnma`m OodUmg 10 dfmnydu Vwcm \$$ ` 10 cmJV AgVrc. VodT>m nemV g`m`m H$mimV Vwcm ^m`mMo
H$mhr VwH$S>o {_iVrc. `mMmM AW hm H$s, g`m`m hOma n`mMr qH$_V hr nmM dfmZVa `m VwcZoV AmVm
OmV Amho. Oa Vy AmO ` 1000 JwV{dco 5% dm{fH$ `mO XamZo. dfm`m eodQ>r Vwcm ` 1050 m hmoVrc.
hUOoM AmO m Pmco`m ` 1000 Mr qH$_V df^amZVa m hmoUm`m ` 1050 `m ~amo~arMr Amho. nemMo
Ad_w`Z hmoV Ag`m_wio nem`m {H$_VrMo ajU H$a`mgmR>r cmoH$ ngm gwa{jV {R>H$mUr JwV{dVmV. AmVm _cm
Ago dmQ>Vo H$s, amoIo ~mOmamV JwV{d`m_mJMr ^y{_H$m H$m` AgVo Vo Vwcm H$ico Agoc. `mVyZ {_iUmao naVmdo
ho _hmJmB Xamnojm OmV AgVmV. Vwcm hohr _m{hVr H$Z KoUo Amd`H$ Amho H$s H$O H$mT>Uo Am{U IM H$aUo
ho {VVHo$ gmono Zmhr. Oohm Vwhr H$O H$mT>Vm hUOoM Vr a$_ naV\o$S> H$a`mMr O~m~Xmar Va CMcVmM {edm`
`mV _yi a$_ naV H$Z `mdarc `mO gwm naV H$a`mMr O~m~Xmar AmnU CMcVmo.
H$Vr-2-Vw_`m Zoh_r`m dmnamVrc dVwMr `mXr ~Zdm Am{U `m`m g`m`m {H$_Vr {chm Am{U `mMr 10
dfmnyduMr qH$_V gwm {chm. Xmohr {H$_VtMr VwcZm H$am Am{U nemMr qH$_V doioZwgma H$er ~Xccr Vo nhm.
doi {Zhm nemMr qH$V
dVw
gmIa (1{H$cmo)
JmoS>oVoc (5{cQ>a)
gmoZo(10 J)
MmXr(1 {H$cmo)
VmXi (1 {H$cmo)
Jh (1 {H$cmo)
noQ>moc (1 {cQ>a)
{S>Poc (1 {cQ>a)

qH$Vr (2001-02)
16.00
290.00
4474.00
7868.00
14.00
10.00
33.46
19.88

qH$Vr (2009-10)
40.00
500.00
17138.00
28345.00
35.00
30.00
48.83
36.74

% hmJmB dmT>
150.00%
72.41%
283.06%
260.26%
150.00%
200.00%
45.94%
84.81%

moV gmoZo Xa Ama. ~r. Am.Zwgma d A dVwm qH$Vr do~ gHo$VWimdZ KoVm AmhoV.

CXm. 2 Oa Vwhr 20 dfmZVa Ka {dH$V KoD$ BpN>Vm. Va _J `mgmR>r cmJUmar nwOr V`ma H$a`mgmR>r ~MV
Am{U JwVdUwH$ {d{dY `mOXamZwgma `oH$ _{h`mV {H$Vr am{hc Vo nmh`m.

14

aniltakalikar@gmail.com

AmdH$ nwOr/
mOXa
6%
8%
10%
12%
15%

50,00,000
10,973.44
8,731.18
6,906.20
5,435.63
3,767.69

60,00,000

70,00,000

80,00,000

90,00,000

10,00,000

13,168.12
10,477.42
8,287.44
6,522.75
4,521.23

15,362.81
12,223.66
9,668.69
7,609.88
5,274.76

17,557.50
13,969.89
11,049.93
8,697.00
6,028.30

19,752.19
15,716.13
12,431.17
9,784.13
6,781.84

21,946.87
17,462.37
13,812.41
10,871.25
7,535.38

CXmhaU 2 - g_Om Vw_Mo nmcH$ {Zdm hmoVmhoV Am{U Vwhmcm `m`mgmR>r {Zdmr nwOr V`ma H$a`mMr BN>m
Amho. Va _J `m`m _{h`m`m IMmgmR>r {H$Vr {Zdmr a$_ O_dmdr cmJoc, Oa 7% `mOXa Amho Am{U
_hmJmB Xa 5% Agoc Va ?
{hmMo IM
{Zdmrg cmJUmar
df

10,000

12,000

15,000

18,000

20,000

25,000

5,73,081.76

6,87,698.12

8,59,622.64

10,31,547.17

11,46,163.53

14,32,704.41

10

10,94,691.47

13,13,629

16,42,037.21

19,70,444.65

21,89,382.95

27,36,728.68

15

15,69,452.16

18,83,342.59

23,54,178.24

28,25,013.89

31,38,904.32

39,23,630.40

20

20,01,571.62

24,01,885.95

30,02,357.43

36,02,828.92

40,03,143.24

50,03,929.05

25

23,94,879.74

28,73,855.68

35,92,319.61

43,10,783.53

47,89,759.47

59,87,199.34

CXmhaU-3
Vw_Mr nwOr V`ma H$a`mgmR>r _{h`mMr JwVdUwH$ cmJoc.....
`oWo J{UVr` AmH$S>o_moS>rgmR>r Amhr ` 10,00,000 `m nwOrgmR>r {H$Vr JwVdUwH$
H$amdr cmJoc, ho XmI{dcoco Amho. Oa Vw_Mr JaO ` 20 cmI Agoc, Va `m aH$_og
XmoZ Zo JwUm.

mO Xa / df
gm
5
10
15
20
25
30

6%
14,321.72
6,125.04
3,468.51
2,194.69
1,471.50
1,021.18

8%
13,621.38
5,516.23
2,943.09
1,746.24
1,093.09
705.41

10%

12%

12,958.11
4,963.82
2,489.91
1,381.24
804.40
480.93

J{hVYam- H$s
Vwhr `mOXa
Vw_`m OmoIr_
j_VoZwgma KoUma
AmhmV.
15%

12,329.91
4,463.57
2,101.14
1,087.13
587.47
324.57

11,449.24
3,802.02
1,622.41
753.54
362.77
177.56

_r _mPr OmoIr_ H$_r H$a`mgmR>r Hw$R>co Cnm` H$$ eH$Vmo ?

{dH|$rH$aU.
eVZw - _cm {d{dY gnmr H$mamV JwV{d`mMr H$m` JaO Amho ? Oa _r \$$ EH$mM H$mamV JwV{dco Va _cm
_moR>m gnmrJQ> gm^iV ~g`mMr JaO amhUma Zmhr.
Vgohr \$$ EH$ gnmr H$ma gm^miUo OmV gmo`rMo
AmdVu R>do
amoIo
G$U amoIo

aniltakalikar@gmail.com

wwAc $S>

15

hmoVo. _r gnmrJQ> ~YZmMo ewH$ gwm dmMdy eH$Vmo.

{Z{Ic - hmo, nU Oohm AmnU JwVdUwH$ H$aVmo, Vohm EH$ Jmo> cjmV R>odUo
Amd`H$ Amho H$s, Oa AmnU {d{dY H$mamV JwVdUwH$ Ho$cr Va `mMm
\$m`Xm Amn`mcmM hmoUma Amho. Oohm Vwhr {d{dY gnmr H$mamV JwVdUwH$
{d^m{OV H$aVm. Vohm `mVrc OmoIr_ gwm gnmrJQ>m_Yo g_Vmoc ar`m
{d^m{OV hmoVo. _r Vwcm EH$ CXmhaU XoVmo.
({Z{IcZo {dH|$rH$aU AWdm {d^mOZ H$go g_O{dco Vo nmh`m)

gnmr {d^mJrH$aU
$S>
JwVdUwH$-eoAa
amoIo~Y
gmoZo

` 10,000
` 3,500
` 3,500
` 3,000

{Z{Ic - Oa Vw`mnmer JwVdUwH$ H$a`mgmR>r ` 10,000 CncY AmhoV. Va _J Vy {d{dY gnmr H$mamV
JwVdUwH$ H$$ eH$Vmo. Vy ` 3,500 eoAa (`mg H$s H$n`mMo g_^mJ hUVmV) Am{U ` 3500 emgH$s`
amo`m_Yo JwVd. Cacocr a$_ gmoZo qH$dm MmXr `m_Yo JwVd. AmVm Oa g_Om Vy JwV{dco`m H$nZr`m eoAaMr
JVr MmJcr Zgoc qH$dm `mV JwV{dco`m _yi ^mS>dcm`m ~m~VrV gnyU VmoQ>m gwm Vwcm hmo`mMr e`Vm
am{hc. Var Vy A` {d{dY gnmr H$mamV JwVdUwH$ Ho$`m_wio EH$m gnmr H$mamV hmoUmao ZwH$gmZ ho Xwg`m gnmr
H$mamV hmoUm`m \$m`m_wio gVw{cV hmoBc. hm {d^mOrH$aUmMm \$m`Xm Amho. {d^mOrH$aU ho gnmrJQ>mVrc
OmoIr_ H$_r H$a`mg _XV H$aVo. Oa XmoZ gnmr {d^mJ EH$_oH$mda Adc~yZ AgVrc, Va _J Oa EImm _Yo
ZwH$gmZ hmoV Agoc Va `mM doir Xwg`m_Yo XoIrc ZwH$gmZ hmoUma d ho ZwH$gmZ Vo EH$_oH$mda {H$Vr Adc~yZ
AmhoV. `mda R>aoc. Xmohr gnmr {d^mJ \$m`m`m AZwnmVmV AgVrc Va \$aH$ nS>Uma Zmhr. nU `mMm
AZwnmV X{jUoH$S>o OmUmam Agoc Va _J _m ZwH$gmZ hmoUma ho Z$s. JwVdUwH$Xma {d{dY gnmr {d^mJm_Yo
EdT>m H$aVm JwV{dVmV, OoUo H$Z EH$m {d^mJmV Pmcoco ZwH$gmZ Xwg`m gnmr {d^mJmV ^Z `oD$Z g_Vmoc
gmY`m OmBc. eoAa_Yo JwVdUwH$ H$aVmZm Va `m H$nZr~c gImoc kmZ KoD$Z {dcofU H$aUo Amd`H$
AgVo. Oa EImm `{$g eoAa ~mOmamV ngm JwVdm`Mm AgocM, Va `mZo Vmo `w {Mn H$n`m_Yo JwVdmdm.
`mMo dn `m H$n`mnojm {ddmghm` AgVo `mMo `dgm` Vwhmcm ghOmghOr g_OV ZmhrV.

gnmr {d^mJrH$aU

`oH$ gnmr H$mamV OmoIr_ Am{U naVmdm hm AgVmo. eoAa ~mOmamV Ho$cocr JwVdUwH$ hr OmoIr_nyU
AgVo. {edm` `mV _yi ^mS>dc gw gnyUnUo OmD$ eH$Vo. `mCcQ> emgH$s` amo`m_Yo Ho$cocr JwVdUwH$ OmoIr_
a{hV AgVo d Vwhr {ZXmZ Aer Anojm H$$ eH$Vm H$s, emgZ `mOXa gwairVnUo XoBc. Oohm JwVdUwH$ {dH$n
{ZdS>m`Mr doi `oVo Vohm Vwhr dV`m d^mdmcm AZwn VgoM Vw_Mr Am{WH$ c`o OmoIr_ Am{U naVmdo
`mZm cjmV KoD$Z Hw$R>`m {dH$nmH$S>o `mo` H$mao nyU hmoVmhoV ho nS>VmiyZ nmhmdo. Vwhr Vw_Mr nwOr darc
{dcofUm`m AmYmamda {d^m{OV H$$ eH$Vm. `mg AmnU gnmr {d^mOZ hUy. Xwg`m eXmV AmVm Vw_Mo
Am{WH$ {Z`moOZ `jmV gw Pmco. gnmr {d^mOZ ho Ago V Amho `m_wio Vw_Mr nwOr {d{dY gnmr H$mamV
JwV{d`m OmVo. Vw_`m Cn d OmoIr_ Ko`m`m j_Vocm Oo AZwn Agoc AemM `moOZm d gnmr H$mamV
{d^mOZ H$Z JwVdUwH$ H$amd`mg hdr. Oa Vw_Mr OmoIr_ Ko`mMr j_Vm OmV Agoc, Va OmV OmoI_r`m
{dH$nmMm Vwhr {dMma H$$ eH$Vm, nU Oa OmoIr_ j_Vm H$_r Agoc Va H$_r OmoIr_ H$mam_Yo ngo Q>mH$Uo
`mo` Amho. Aem {d{dY gnmr H$mamV nwOrMo {d^mOZ H$aVmZm hohr nmhUo Amd`H$ Amho H$s, `m {d^mOZmVyZ
`mo` \$m`Xm hmoVmo Amho AWdm Zmhr.

16

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8. ~MV {d JwVdUwH$
~MV hUOo Aer a$_ Or H$s, Vwhr A{Ve` gwa{jV _m`_m_Yo Ogo H$s ~H$ ~MV ImVo B`mXrV ~mOycm
R>odcr. Va JwVdUwH$ hUOo Vwhr Ago Am{WH$ {dH$n {dH$V KoVm, `mV ^{d`m_Yrc EH$m {ZpMV {V{Wda
`mVyZ Vwhmcm naVmdo m hmoVmV. ~MV Am{U JwVdUwH$ `mVrc _w` \$aH$ hUOo ~MVrV Agcocm ngm
dmT>V Zmhr. Va JwVdUwH$sV EH$m {ZpMV H$mimV Vw_`m ^mS>dcmV dmT> hmo`mg _XV hmoVo. ~MVrZo AmnU
Amn`m AnmdYr`m JaOm nyU H$$ eH$Vmo. naVw Amnco XrKmdYrVrc Am{WH$ c`o nyU H$a`mg JwVdUwH$
H$aUoM Amd`H$ Amho. ~MVr_wio AmnU Amnco ^mS>dc gwa{jV R>ody eH$Vmo. naVw JwVdUwH$s_wio AmnUmg _yi
^mS>dcmda naVmdo m H$a`mg _XV hmoVo.

9. H$O {d JwVdUwH$
gm_m`V Am{WH$ c` m H$a`mgmR>r H$O H$mT>mdo H$s JwVdUwH$ H$amdr `m~m~VrV cmoH$ Zoh_rM g^_mdWoV
AgVmV. ho Xmohr {dH$n doJio AmhoV. Am{U `mMm `mo` Cn`moJ XoIrc hmoD$ eH$Vmo. Imcr {Xcoco _wo cjmV
R>od`mOmoJo AmhoV.
1. ho gd m_w`mZo Vw_`m Am{WH$ gm_`mda Am{U A` KQ>H$mda Adc~yZ Amho.
2. Ho${S>Q> H$mS> Am{U d`{$H$ H$O A{Ve` _hmJ AmhoV.
3. Oa Vwhr H$_r `mOXamMo H$O KoVco Agmc Am{U H$a gdcV XoIrc Agoc Oer {H$ Jh H$OmV AgVo, Va
_J H$O KoUoM \$m`mMo Amho. Oa Vw_`mnmer MmJcr JwVdUwH$ `moOZm Agoc Am{U `mVyZ Vwhr MmJco
naVmdo m H$$ eH$V Agmc, Va _J Vwhr JwVdUwH$sMm _mJ {ZdS>m.
4. Vwhmcm JwVdUwH$ H$aVmZm `mMr Imr hdr H$s `mV OmoIr_ Zmhr Am{U `mMm n[aUm_ Vw_`m n[admamda
hmoUma Zmhr. Oa Vwhmcm nyUnUo ZwH$gmZ Pmco Va. CXm. Vwhr Iyn _moR>r a$_ eoAa ~mOmamV JwV{dcr d Vr
gwm Mmcy H$OmZm nyUnUo Z \o$S>Vm. _J hr Iyn _moR>r OmoIr_ Vw_`mgmR>r R>aoc.
Ho${S>Q> H$mS>m`m gm_m` ~m~r d YmoHo$
eVZw - _r Ho${S>Q> H$mS> Ko`m{df`r {dMma H$aVmo Amho ? _r `m`cm hdo ?
{Z{Ic - Vw`m d`m`m cmoH$m_Yo Ho${S>Q> H$mS>m{df`r A{Ve` AmH$fU AgVo. `m`m H$arVm Vr EH$ g_mZmMr
~m~M AgVo. H$maU `m_wio Vo Ho$hmhr A{Ve` ghOar`m {~c ^$ eH$VmV. nU Vo ho {dgaVmV H$s, `mM {~c
ZVa `mZmM \o$S>m`Mo Amho.
YmoHo$
1. Ho${S>Q> H$mS>mV OmVrMo ewH$ {d{dY H$mao cmJVmV Ogo H$s, `mOXa ewH$, godm ewH$ B`mXr. Ho${S>Q> H$mS>
naV H$aVo doir AWdm dmnaVmZm ho gd ewH$ ^amdo cmJVrc `mMr OmUrd amhmV Zmhr. VgoM cmoH$ {dH$V
KoVmZm `m gd Jmo>r H$miOrnUo dmMV ZmhrV.
2. Ho${S>Q> H$mS> cmoH$mZm OmVr IMmH$S>o mogm{hV H$aVmV. Oa `m`mnmer AmO ngm Zgoc Va Vmo AmnU ZVa
^$. `m dmrg MmcZm {_iVo.
3. Og Ogo cmoH$mMo Cn dmT>Vo, Vo OmV Ho${S>Q> H$mS> R>odm`cm cmJVmV Am{U `m gJ`mMm eodQ> _moR>m
H$OmMm S>m|Ja V`ma H$a`mV hmoVmo.
\$m`Xo
1. Ho${S>Q> H$mS>mda {d{dY H$ma`m ^oQ>r XoIrc {_iVmV. Ogo H$s ngo naV `moOZm, gwQ>Q>mMo Hw$nZ qH$dm A`
IaoXt_Yo H$mS> dmnZ gdcV mV hmoUo B`mXr.
2. Ho${S>Q> H$mS>m_wio AmnU ngm Z ~miJVm dmg H$ eH$Vmo.
3. Ho${S>Q> H$mS> AmYrM ngm nwa{dV Ag`mZo dmnamd`mg gmo`rMo hmoVo.
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17

hm gm Va Zoh_rM AgVmo H$s, `oH$mZo ~MVrMo V {eH$md`mg hdo Am{U `mMr nwOr `mo`H$mao gm^mim`cm
nm{hOo. `oH$ doiocm dV`m IMmda {Z`U R>odm Am{U H$mhrhr {dH$V Ko`mnydu {dMmanydH$ {ZU` KoD$Z
Amd`H$ Jmo>rM IaoXr H$am. Vw`m d`mVrc cmoH$mZm BcoQ>m{ZH$ dVwMo Iyn AmH$fU AgVo Am{U Zd-ZdrZ
dVw Ko`mH$S>o `mMm H$c AgVmo. naVw `mZm ho H$iV Zmhr `m dVw`m {H$_Vr Vw_`m {I`mH$aVm ^mar
R>aVmV. VgoM Vw_`m ~H$ Im`mVrc aH$_ocm H$_r H$aVmV. doi Amcr Va _J Vwhr {ejUmMo ewH$ XoIrc
^$ eH$V Zmhr.
eVZw - _r ho cjmV R>odrZ H$s, _mPo {ejU nyU Pm`mda _cm _mPo ej{UH$ H$O XoIrc \o$S>md`mMo Amho. _r
`m~c gnyUnUo {dgacmoM hmoVmo.
{Z{Ic - _cm AmZX Amho H$s, Vy H$O Ko`mnyduM _cm gm{JVco Vw`m Ho${S>Q> H$mS>m`m `moOZo{df`r. Oa
Vw`mda AmVmM H$O Amho, Va _J Vy AOyZ H$O H$go \o$S>Uma ? _r Vw`m Am{WH$ pWVrV Vwcm _XV H$aUma Zmhr
Amho. `m nojm VwM Aer JwVdUwH$ H$a OoUo H$Z VwPo H$O VyM \o$Sy> eH$erc Am{U Vw`m ^{d`mVrc JaOmgmR>r
XoIrc VOdrO H$Z R>oderc.

10. ~MV d JwVdUwH$sMo {dH$n / gmYZo

~H$ (BANK)
~H$ _Yrb R>odr hm gJi`mV gwa{jV JwVdUwH$ H$ma Amho. `oH$ ~Ho$V ` 1,00,00 n`V`m R>odr. `m R>odr
{d_m d ^maVr` h_r `moOZm `m`m AVJV `oVmV. `m ~H$ [aPd ~Ho$H$Sy>Z {Z`{V d {ZX}{eV Ho$`m OmVmV. `m
JmhH$mZm {d{dY H$maMo JwVdUwH$ {dH$n `m`m JaOoZwgma nwa{dVmV. ~H$ R>odr amoI d gwa{jVVm `m H$maUm_wio
OmV ngX Ho$`m OmVmV. Oohm H$s `mda {_iUm`m `mOXambm JmUd {X`m OmVo. _wXV R>odrda 75-90%
n`V H$O XoIrb m hmoD$ eH$Vo.
R>odtMo H$ma d `mMr d{eQ>|
~H$ ~MV ImVo (SAVING ACCOUNT)
Agm H$ma Omo gdgm_m`nUo gJioM dmnaVmV.
H$_r `mOXa d amoI Vdmda AgUmao.
JmhH$m_Yo ~MVrMr gd` $O{d`mg mYm` XoVo.
~H$ {ZpMV _wXV R>odr (BANK FDs)
~Ho$Vrb _wXV R>odrV EH$m {ZpMV H$mbmgmR>r R>abo`m `mOXamda ngm R>odbm OmVmo. (hm H$mbmdYr 30
{Xdgmnojm H$_r ZgVmo)
6 Vo 12 _{h`m`m _wXV R>odr ghgm H$aVmV. ghm _{h`mnojm H$_r _wXV R>odrda `mOXa H$_r m hmoVmo.
`mV H$mimMo ~YZ AgVo. n[an$Vonydu ngo H$mT>bo Va XS> XoIrb ^amdm bmJVmo.
AmdVu R>od `moOZm (RECURRING DEPOSIT ACCOUNT)
H$mhr R>am{dH$ a$_ hr _{h`m`m AVamZo {ZpMV H$mbmdYrgmR>r O_m Ho$br OmVo.
~MV Im`mnojm OmV Xa m hmoVmo.
`oH$ _{h`mV EH$ {ZpMV a$_ ~MV H$a`mg _XV hmoVo.
{d{e> H$mi{Zhm` ~H$ R>od `moOZm (SPECIAL BANK TERM DEPOSIT SCHEME)
hr H$agdbV XoUmar `moOZm ~H$m_Yo CnbY AgVo.
`mV H$a{Z`_ 80 H$ Zwgma H$amV gdbV XmZ Ho$br OmVo.
`mV nmM dfmgmR>r emgH$s` ~H$mZm Aer `moOZm nwa{dUo ~YZH$maH$ Amho.
18

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emgH$s moOZm

(GOVERNMENT SCHEMES)

H$a ~MV `moOZm*

^maV gaH$maZo H$a ~MV `moOZm gw$ Ho$`m AmhoV.
yy am>r` ~MV n (NSC)
yy ^{d` {Zdmh {ZYr (PPF)
yy S>mH$ {d^mJmoVrb `moOZm (POS)
JwVdUwHsVwZ m hmoUmao Cn HamVwZ dJi`m OmVo d `mV JwVdUwH Hobom `moOZm_o Hmhr Cn
EHm _`mXrV HaCnmVwZ dJi`mV `oVo.
am>r` ~MV n (NSC)
yy A{Ve` bmoH${` H$agdbV `moOZm, df^a CnbY AgVo.
yy `mOXa 8.8%
yy H$_rV H$_r JwVdUwH$ ` 100 d `m`m daVr {H$Vrhr. _`mXm Zmhr.
yy narn$Vm AdYr 6 df.
yy Zm_mVarV / hVmVarV H$aVm `oVo d `m `moOZoda H$Omr hmoD$ eH$Vo.
^{d` {Zdmh {ZYr (PPF)
yy `mOXa 8.8% {Vdf
yy H$_r_H$_r ` 500 JwVdmdo bmJVmV d OmVrV OmV ` 100,000.
yy n[an$VoMm AdYr 15 df.
yy ngo JwVd`mg gw$dmV Ho$`mnmgyZ {Vg`m Am{WH$ dfmV H$O KoVm `oVo. qH$dm n{h`m dfm`m eodQ>r
JwVdbo`m aH$_o`m 25% H$O. OmVrV OmV 36 h`m_Yo naV H$a`mMr gw{dYm.
yy EImXm `{$ `oH$ dfu ngo H$mTy> eH$Vmo ({ebHo$`m 50% nojm OmV Zmhr) gmV`m dfmnmgyZ `oH$
dfu ngo H$mT>Vm oVm.
S>mH$ {d^mJmVrb `moOZm (POS)
yy hr H$a~MVrgmR>r gJi`mV MmJbr `moOZm Amho.
yy df^a CnbY AgVo.
yy S>mH${d^mJmVrb `moOZm, JwVdUwH$ H$ma d n[an$Vm AdYr `mda Adb~yZ AgVmV. `m H$s, Imbrb
H$mao {d^m{OV Ho$`m OmD$ eH$VmV.
yy _m{gH$ R>od
yy ~MV R>od
yy H$mbmdYr R>od
yy Amd{VV R>od
eoAaer g~{YV ~MV `moOZm (ELSS)
yy {d^m{OV eoAa \$S> `m H$mamMrM hr `moOZm, \$$ `mV U/S 80 C$ `m AVJV H$a gdbV m hmoVo.
yy 3 df ngm JwVdwZ R>odmdm bmJVmo.
yy bm^me hm H$a_w$ AgVmo.
yy Oa `mMo `w{ZQ> {dH$bo Va XrKH$mbmdYrV ^mS>dbmda CnmMm \$m`Xm m H$aVm `oVmo. `mda \$m`mMm
H$a ^amdm bmJV Zmhr.
yy H$_rV H$_r ` 500 JwVdmdo bmJVmV d daVr `m`m JwUmH$mamm d$nmV {H$Vrhr.
yy JwVdUwH$Xma nVera JwVdUwH$ `moOZoMm {dH$n gwm KoD$ eH$Vmo.
* JwVdUwHaXmamZm ZdrZ Ha ~MV `moOZm dmMmMr gbm XoVmoo.

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19

amoIo~Y (BONDS)
amoIo hUOo {dH$V KoUm`mZo Omar H$`mg {Xbobo H$O d `m ~X`mV OmarH$Vm `mO XoUma. amoIo~Y H$n`m
{d{m` gWm qH$dm gaH$maH$Sy>Z gwm Omar Ho$`m OmVmV. {dH$V KoUm`mbm {dH$Um`mH$Sy>Z `mO m hmoVo.
amoIo~YmMo H$ma
H$a ~MV amoIo~Y
EH$m {ZpMV JwVdUwH$s n`V H$a~MV amoIo~Y H$amV \$m`Xm XmZ H$aVmV. ho gd `m `moOZoV gaH$maZo `mH$mao
gyMZm {X`m AgVrb `mdaM AmYm[aV AgVo. CXmhaUmW yy H$a {Z`_ H$m`Xm 1961, A`m` 88 `m AVJV Ammo{JH$ {dH$mg amoIo~YmV H$agdbV.
yy H$a {Z`_ H$m`Xm 1961, A`m` 54 B H$ `m`m AVJV Zm~mS> / Zm` / Ama B gr amo`m_Yo H$agdbV.
yy [aPd ~Ho$Mo H$agdbV amoIo~Y.
{Z`{_V Cn amoIo~Y
{Z`{_V Cn ho pWa Cn {Z`{_VnUo AWdm R>am{dH$ H$mbIS>mZo X>oVmV. CXm.
yy ngo XnQ> H$aUmao amoIo~Y
yy `mO dmT>[dUmao amoIo~Y
yy amoI amoIo~Y
yy ej{UH$ amoIo~Y
yy ngm dpXJV H$aUmao amoIo~Y
yy A{V[a$ gdbV XmZ H$aUmao amoIo~Y
R>iH$ d{eQ>o
yy `m amoIo~YmMm XOm H$sgrb, BH$m, Ho$Aa, {\$M B`mXr gWmH$Sy>Z R>a{d`m OmVmo. `m amoIo~Ymda hmoUmao
Cn ho `m amoIo~Ym`m F$UXOm`m (gwa{jVVo`m) `V _mUmV AgVo.
yy {Z`{_V CnmgmR>r `mo` `mO ghm_mhr, {_mhr qH$dm {V_mhr _mUo amoIo~Ym`m H$mamZwgma m hmoVo.
yy ho amoIo~Y gm_m` ~mOmamV d eoAa ~mOmamV XoIrb CnbY AgVmV.
yy ~mOma_w` n[an$Vog {_iUm`m Cnmda, VgoM n{hbo {_imbo`m `mOXa Am{U XOm `mda Adb~yZ
AgVo.
yy amoIo~Ym`m ~X`mV ~H$mH$Sy>Z H$OXoIrb {_iy eH$Vo.
yy H$_rV H$_r JwVdUwH$ a$_ hr ` 5000 Vo ` 10,000 `m _Yo AgVo.
yy 5 Am{U 7 dfm`m Amgnmg H$mi Agy eH$Vmo.
yy S>r_Q> d$nmV XoIrb AmnU `mg R>ody eH$Vmo.

F$U~Y (DEBENTURES)

F$U~YmMr R>iH$ d{eQ>o

yy {ZpMV `mO XmZ H$aUmao gmYZ, n[an$Vm H$mi ~XbV OmVmo.
yy amoIo~Ym gmaIoM, naVw ho H$n`m Omar H$aVmV.
yy m`hoQ> H$n`mH$Sy>Z AmUbo OmVmV. qH$dm R>am{dH$ H$mimV AO H$amdm bmJVmo.
yy eoAa ~mOmamV Zm|XUr Pmbobo AWdm Z Pmbobohr Agy eH$VmV. Oa Vo eoAa~mOmamV nOr~ Pmbo AgVrb,
Va _J `mMm XOm go~r gWo _Yo Zm|XUr Agbo`m EImm XOm R>a{dUm`m gWoH$Sy>ZM XOm {X`m OmVmo.
yy n[an$Vm AdYr gmYmaUV 3 Vo 10 dfmMm Agy eH$Vmo.

20

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F$U~YmMo H$ma
yy {d{dY H$mamMo F$U~Y `oWo Imbr gm{JVbo AmhoV.
yy An[adVZr` F$U~Y - gnyU aH$_oMo {d_moMZ Omar H$`mH$Sy>Z Ho$`m OmVo.
yy Am{eH$ n[adVZr` F$U~Y - EH$ ^mJmMo {d_moMZ Am{U EH$ ^mJmMo n[adVZ eoAa _Yo `mV JwVdUwH$XmamZm
{dH$n Agy {H$dm Zgw eH$Vmo.
yy gnyU n[adV{Z` F$U~Y - gnyU qH$_V eoAa _Yo n[adVuV hmoVo. hr n[adVZr` qH$_V Omar H$aVmZmM
gm{JV`m OmVo.

H$n`m`m {ZpM_ _wXV R>odr

(COMPANY FIXED DEPOSIT)

R>iH$ d{eQ>o
yy H$n`mH$Sy>Z ~H$ R>odrgmaIrM {ZpMV _wXV R>odtMr `moOZm XmZ Ho$`m OmVo.
yy ghgm N>moQ>m JwVdUwH$XmamH$Sy>Z H$n`m ngo KoVmV.
yy JwVdUwH$ H$mi {H$Vr, ho nmhUo _hdmMo AgVo. H$maU H$s Aem _wXV R>odr n[an$Vonydu m hmoV ZmhrV.
yy ~Ho$`m _wXV R>odr BVm m H$n`m`m R>odr gwa{jV ZmhrV.
yy OmV OmoIr_ Ag`m_wio ~H$m`m _wXV R>odtnojm OmV `mOXa `mV {_iVmo.
yy gwa{jVVo`mZwgma `mMm XOm R>a{dbobm AgVmo.

wwAc $S>

(MUTUAL FUND)

wwAc $S> nwH$i JwVdUyH$XmamH$Sy>Z ngo Jmoim H$aVmV d Vmo ngm ZVa eoAa ~mOma, amoIo~Y, AnmdYrMo
~mOmamVrc {dH$n, A H$mam mcmm AWdm m gd JwVdUwH$ gmYZmm EH${V dnmV cmdVmV.
gwVarm wwAc $S>mH$Sy>Z Omo ngm gm^mim OmVmo mg ghgm ImVo (nmoQ>$mo{cAmo) Ago g~moYVmV.
oH$ w{ZQ>Yo JwVdUwH$XmamMr gmZ mcH$s AgVoM, {edm Oo Cn hr gnyU a$ Vma H$aVo mVhr AgVo.
wwAc $S>mMr R>iH$ d{eR>o
yy VkmH$Sy>Z dWmnZ - ngm hm Zohr m $S>mm ~YH$mH$Sy>Z JwV{dm OmVmo.
yy {dH|$rH$aU - {dH|$rH$aU hr EH$ JwVdUwH$sMr Aer wVr Amho. mwio gnyU ngm EH$mM Q>moncrV R>odm
OmV Zmhr. Vgohr hQ>coM Amho H$s, gd AS>r EH$mM Q>moncrV Agmcm ZH$moV.
yy wwAc $S>mm mmVyZ eoAaMr mcH$s KoVmwio dVMo eoAa qH$dm amoIon mmVrc Or
OmoIr AgVo Vr {d^mJm OmVo.
yy dV m - ho $S> EH$mM doiog Iyn eoAa {dH$V AWdm IaoXr H$aV Agmwio Or H$mhr dhma
qH$V AgVo, Vr EImm EH$Q>m VrZo Ho$com dhmamm VwcZoV A{Ve H$r oUma.
yy amoI CncYVm -Ogo eoAa, VgoM wwAc $S>mMo w{ZQ> {dHy$Z cmJcrM amoI a$ mV hmoD$ eH$Vo.
yy gmonrnUm - wwAc $S>mMo w{ZQ> KoUo gmono Amho. nwH$i ~H$m mMo dVMo wwAc $S> CncY
H$Z XoVmV d H$rV H$r ngm JwV{dmMr a$ XoIrc chmZ AgVo.
yy JwVdUwH$XmamZr ngm JwV{dmnydu m gd ~m~tMm ZrQ> Amg H$ZM ngo JwVdmcm hdoV.
wwAc $S>mMo H$ma
oH$ $S>mMo JwVdUwH$sMo EH$ nyd{ZpMV Ago C{> AgVo. mV m $S>mMo ngo, Hw$R>m H$mam H$mamV d
H$em moOZmZr JwV{dco OmUma ho R>aco AgVo. wwAc $S>mMo Vgo VrZ H$ma AmhoV.
yy amoIo / eoAa $S>
yy {ZpMV Cn $S>
yy [dmr ~mOma $S>

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21

gJio wwAc $S,> ho m VrZ H$mam mcmm H$mamMrM dno AmhoV. CXm. Ogo amoIo $S> A{Ve
doJmZo dmT>V OmUmm H$nmYo JwVdUyH$ H$aVmV. hUOo dpXJV $S>, hoM $S> Oohm EH$mM jomVrc
H$nmYo JwV{dVmV, Vohm mg {d{e>> $S> Ago hUVmV.
wwAc $S> ho mm n[andVm VrWrZwgma Iyco AWdm ~X m XmoZ H$mamV {d^mJm OmVmV.
Iyco $S>
yy Aem $S>mMr Hw$R>crhr n[andVm VmarI ZgVo.
yy JwVdUwH$Xma Iym $S>mMo w{ZQ> IaoXr AWdm {dH$s gnmr ~YZ H$aUmm H$nmm H$mmcmVyZ
qH$dm mm JwVdUwH$ godm H|$mdZ qH$dm eoAa ~mOmamm mmmVyZ H$ eH$VmV.
yy IaoXr qH$dm {dH$s y ho Zohr wwAc $S>mm EHy$U mcmm qH$Vrda AYmarV AgVo.
R>mam{dH$ H$mimV ~X hmoUmam $S>
yy ho $S> {d{e> H$mcmdYrgmR>rM MmcVmV.
yy EH$m n[andVm {VWrcm gd w{ZQ>Mo ngo naV {iVmV d moOZm ~X hmoVo.
yy mMo w{ZQ> eoAa ~mOmamV Zm|XUr hmoVmV. OoUo H$Z amoI a$ nwa{dVm oUo gmono hmoVo.
yy JwVdUwH$Xma, mMo w{ZQ> eoAa ~mOmamVrc MT>md-CVmaZwgma {dH$V KoD$ eH$VmV qH$dm {dHy$ eH$VmV.
{dmr ~mOma $S>
yy AVre H$r H$mcmdYrV {ZpMV Cn XomV oUmm gmYZmYo JwVdUwH$ Ho$cr OmVo.
yy Oar $mXm Iyn OmV Zgcm, Var wc gwa{jV amhVo.
yy ho ~MV Immnojm MmJcm cm^ XoVmV. naVw wXV R>odrnojm hm cm^ H$r AgVmo.
amoIo~Y $S>
yy EH$ pWa CnZ XomMm Z m H$mamV hmoVmo.
yy JwVdUwH$ {h ghgm emgH$s d {dmr F$U nmV AgVo.
yy Oar $S>mMr qH$V dmT>cr Var, mMo w Co hUOo JwVdUwH$XmamZm pWa ngm nwa{dUo hoM Amho.
gVmoc $S>
yy gwajm, Cn d ^mS>dcmV dmT> Agm gVmoc m VrKmmhr gw$mZo mV gm^mimV oVmo.
yy moOZm hrM AgVo, H$s {ZpMV Cn XoUmao {dH$n d eoAa mV gw$nUo JwVdUwH$ H$aUo.
eoAa $S>
yy JwVdUwH$ hr eoAa d amomYo AgVo.
yy wwAc $S>mm moR>m ^mJmMo {V{Z{Yd H$aVmo.
yy JwVdUwH$sMo w Co XrKmdYrV ^mS>dcmMr dmT> d mM ~amo~a CnmV XoIrc dmT> H$aUo.
yy {d{dY H$maMo eoAa $S> AgVmV H$maU H$s, {d{dY H$maMo JwVdUwH$ {dH$n CncY AgVmV.
naam>r / AmVaam>r $S>
yy ho $S> ~mhoa XoemVrc H$nmm eoAaYo JwVdUwH$ H$aVmV
jor $S>
yy ho $S> AWH$maUmVrc Ho$di EImm jomcmM c ~ZdyZ mV JwVdUwH$ H$aVmV. Ogo H$s Am{WH$
jomer g~{YV, VkmZ jo, Amamo jo BmXr.

22

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gdoXr gyMH$mH$ $S>

yy Aem H$mam wwAc $S>mV gnyU ~mOmamm H$mmMm AmT>mdm Amnmcm KoVm oVmo. ho goZgog
AWdm {ZpQ>Yo JwVdUwH$ H$aVmV.
yy gyMH$mH$ $S> ~mOmamVyZ {imm $mmcm Xe{dVmV d mVyZ JwVdUwH$XmamZm A{Ve H$r nemV
$s XoD$Z $mXm ho $S> mV H$Z XoVmV.

amoIo
H$nmm mcH$s hH$mV, hUOo gmYmaU d A{YmZ ^mJ nmMo YmaH$ hmomV ag XmI[dVmV. eoAa
~mOmamV H$nZrMo eoAa gdm {H$VrV IaoXr d {dH$s dhma H$amg nm AgVmV. Ago eoAa (g^mJ)
{d{Z gWoV Iyco AgVmV.
ho eoAa nOr~ Agmwio mMo dhma hUOo, IaoXr-{dH$s BmXr H$amMr w^m g^mJ {d{Z gWm
XoVo. ^maVmVrc hdmm g^mJ {d{Z gWmYo w~B (BSE) Am{U am>r g^mJ {d{Z gWm ^maV
{c{Q>oS> mcm (NSE) Ago AmnU OmUVmo. m gWmMm w Co hUOo g^mJmm IaoXr {dH$sgmR>r
~mOmaWmZ nwa{dUo. g^mJmYo JwVdUwH$ H$aUo. ho $maM OmoIrMo Amho d mda cj nwa{dmg A
JwVdUwH$snojm {ZpMVM OmV doi hdm.
XmoZ H$mao g^mJmYo /amo`m`o JwVdUwH$ H$aVm `oUo e` Amho yy EH$Va mW{H$ dnm`m ~mOma m`mVyZ (OZVogmR>r Oohm g^mJ Iyco H$a`mV `oVmV VohmM
AmdoXZ H$aUo)
yy ZmhrVa Xw ~mOma mmVyZ (hUOoM g^mJ {d{Z gWoV nOr~ PmmZVa)
gdW ~mOmamg gOyZ `m. H$nZr H$em H$mao AmoiImdr qH$dm [VMm eoAa `mo` qH$VrV Amho ho OmUUo
Amd`H$ Amho. $V WmoS>m A`mg, WmoSo {dH|${XH$aU d `mo` cj XoUo. `m H$mao JwVdUwH$XmamZm MmJcm
$m`Xm hmoD$ eH$Vmo.

O_m gWoMr {H$m

Oohm AmnU eoAa _Yo JwVdUwH$ H$aVmo, Vohm AmnUmg gdW_ eoAaMo S>r_Q> d$n g_OUo JaOoMo Amho.
H$maU H$s AmOH$mb gdH$mamMo eoAa S>r_Q> d$nmV AgVmV. `m nydu`m H$mamV eoAa ^m{VH$ d$nmV
hUOoM _mUnm`m n$nmV {Xbo Om`Mo. Oo H$s AmVm BboQ>m{ZH$ d$nmV {X`m OmVmV. `m H$aVm
AmnUmg `m O_m gWoMr {H$`m g_OUo JaOoMo Amho.
O_m gWo_Yo JwVdUwH$XmamMo eoAa, F$Un, amoIo~Y, emgH$s amoIo, wMwAb \$S>mMo w{ZQ> BmXr gd
BboQ>m{ZH$ d$nmV JwVdUwH$Xmamm AmdoXZm ZVaM nOr~ O_m emIm_Yo R>odVm oVmV. m emIm {d{dY
H$mam dhmam_Yo XoIrb Amnm godm nwa{dVmV. mZm AmnU EImm ~Ho$g_mZM _mZy eH$Vmo. Oo H$s
O_mH$mMo ngo gm^miVmV.
gm ^maVmV XmoZ O_m gWm H$m_ H$aVmV. m H$s go~r gWoV nOr~ AmhoV. EH$ hUOo am>r amoIo O_m
gWm (NSDL) Am{U Xgar _dVu amoIo O_m gWm (CDSL).
m O_m gWom dVrZo Oo bmoH$ H$m_ H$aVmV. mZm O_m {V{ZYr Ago hQ>bo OmVo. mm _m_mVyZM
JwVdUwH$XmamZm godm VgoM mmer g~Y Wm{nV Ho$bo OmVmV. O_m {V{ZYr hUyZ OZVm Am{WH$ gWm,
_mVm mV mdgm{H$ ~H$m, [aPd ~Ho$Zo _mVm {Xbom AmVam>r ~H$m, eoAa Xbmb, amoIo ajH$
gWm, eoAa hVmVarV H$aUmao _Vr gWm mZm H$s go~rZo _mVm {Xbr Amho. ho H$m_ H$$ eH$VmV.
AmVm Va JwVdUwH$ XmamH$arVm eoAa _mH}$Q> _Yo qH$dm OZVogmR>r CnbY hmoUmm eoAa_Yo JwVdUwH$ H$amMr
Agmg oH$mbm h$XmamgmR>r \$mXoera Ago Zmd Agbobo ImVo CKS>Uo AmdH$ Pmbo Amho. m_wio
Amhr XoIrb hoM gyMdw H$s, ImVo AgUo H$Yrhr dhmamm X>rZo moM Amho.

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23

^m{VH$ arm eoAaMr IaoXr {dH$s H$amgmR>r N>moQ> m JwVdUwH$XmamgmR>r (OmVrV OmV 500 eoAa mMr
qH$_V bjmV KoD$Z) EH$ doJir {IS>H$s eoAa gWm nwa{dVo. mV Ago ^m{VH$ eoAa {dH$mMr EH$XmM
gYr m gWo H$Sy>Z {Xbr OmVo d eoAa S>r_Q> AgUo AmdH$ Amho. {dH$V KoUmmbm XoIrb nwhm
{dH$mnydu ho eoAa S>r_Q> H$$Z KoUo AmdH$ Amho.
O_m gWoMo \$mXo
yy g_^mJ gm^mimgmR>r.A{Ve gwa{jV d ghO nV Amho.
yy VmH$mi g_^mJmMo hVmVa e.
yy hVmVa Z hmoUo, ImoQ>o g_^mJ, Cera, Mmoar, BmXr Jmo>tMr OmoIr_ Zmhrer hmoVo.
yy H$mJXmonr dhmamMo H$m_H$mO H$_r hmoVo.
yy dhmamgmR>r bmJUmm {H$_Vr H$_r hmoVmV.
yy EH$m eoAaMm XoIrb dhma H$aUo e hmoVo.
yy dmagXma {ZdS>mMr _w^m {_iVo.
yy nmm ~Xbbm Var \$$ O_m gWog gy{MV Ho$bo Var, BVa gd {R>H$mUr nmm ~Xbbm Amho ho gy{MV
H$amMr JaO amhmV Zmhr.
yy O_m gWmM g_^mJmMo AWdm amomMo hVmVa H$arV Agm_wio nj m H$nmer H$mhrM g~Y
oV Zmhr.
yy S>r_Q> ImmV eoAa O_m hmoUo, bm^me, {dJh / {dbr{ZH$aU BmXr Jmo>r dMbrV hmoV Agm_wio
bj KmbUo AmdH$ Zmhr.
yy eoAa d emgH$s amoIo~Y ho EH$mM ImmV R>ody eH$Vm.
bjmV R>odmMo _wo
yy H$moR>ohr Agbobo N>moQ>o JwVdUwH$Xma qH$dm _moR>m \$S>mMo dhma H$aUmao XoIrb EH$mM doir gh^mJ KoD$
eH$VmV.
yy H$nmZm ngm C^mamgmR>r EH$ _hdmMm moV.
yy OZVoer gai dhma H$amMr _w^m {_iVo qH$dm ~mOmamV OmD$Z OZVog H$nZrMo ^mS>db {dHy$Z ZdrZ
OmVrMo ^mS>db C^o H$aVm oVo.
yy eoAa ~mOmamg ghgm EH$ _hdmMm gyMH$mH$ Xoemm AWdWom g~brH$aUmV d {dH$mgmgmR>r
_mZbo OmVo.
yy ~H$ R>odr qH$dm amoIo~Y mm VwbZoV eoAam {H$_Vr OmV MT>-CVma Xe{dVmV.
yy g_^mJm_Yo Agbobr JwVdUwH$ hr H$mbmVamZo VnmgUo JaOoMo Amho. OoUo H$$Z Vo ~mOmamV {dH$mg dY
AmhoV H$s Zmhr ho g_OyZ oVo.
yy H$Yr H$Yr AWdWm d {dmr ~mVm_wio ~mOma A{ddgZr dhma H$aVmo. Oohm H$s, m
~mV_rMm eoAa qH$_Vtda j H$mhrM n[aUm_ hmoUma ZgVmo.
yy EH$m H$_r H$mbmdYrV eoAa, amoIo mV ~mOmamV KS>Umm A{Ve ObX KQ>Zm_wio H$gmhr MT>-CVma
oD$ eH$Vmo. m_wio ~mOmamMo dVZ g_OUo A{Ve H$R>rU hmoD$Z ~gVo.

JwVdUwH$sMo VdkmZ.
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy

24

oH$ JwVdUwH$sVrb OmoIr_ AmoiIm.

Hw$Qw>~mm AnmdYrVrc d XrKmdYrVrc JaOm AmoiIm.
JaOmda AmYmarV JwVdUwH$ H$am.
Vwhmbm Z g_Obom moOZoV JwVdUwH$ H$$ ZH$m.
Ho$di {ddmgmda JwVdUwH$ Z H$aVm, gd g~{YV H$mJXn Vnmgm.
oH$ Cnmda H$amMm nS>Umam \$aH$ bjmV m.
~mOmamVrb A\$dm qH$dm {_iUmm gyMZmda AmYim {ddmg R>ody ZH$m.
H$mhrnU A{Ve dam qH$dm Imbm Vamda Agob Va, mMo H$maU AgUmaM. Vo emoYm.
Aem moOZmMo ~ir nSy> ZH$m, mV mOXa {_iob naVy _wb J_dmdo bmJob.
moOZm qH$dm Vo gmYZ dpWV AmoiIyZ _JM JwVdUwH$ H$am.

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11. gwa{jVVo {dfrMr gmYZo / {dH$n

OrdZ[d_m moOZm* (INSURANCE POLICIES)*

hm eXM ^{dmV hmoUmm ZwH$gmZrMo ajU hmoUma ho gwM{dVmo. VarnU OrdZajH$ {d_m gd bmoH${
Amho. AOwZhr {d{dY H$mamm moOZm AmhoV. m H$s gmVnyU Cn XoVmV qH$dm AH$mam
ZwH$gmZrMr O~m~Xmar XoIrb KoVmV.
OrdZ[d_m
OrdZ[d_m hUOo EH$ Aem H$maMm AZw~Y, mV H$mhr ngo XoD$Z m {$Mo OrdZ gwa{jV H$amV oVo.
qH$dm H$mhr AZw{MV gJ KS>bmM, Va mm dmagXmamZm Vr a$_ XomV oVo. Oa H$m Vw_Mm _w KS>bmM
Va Hw$Qw>~mbm Am{WH$ XQ>m gwajm XmZ H$amMr hr A{Ve MmJbr nV Amho. H$maU H$s m_wio Vw_m
ZVa Vw_m CnmMo ZwH$gmZ Hw$Qw>~mH$[aVm ^$Z {ZKVo.
_wXV OrdZ[d_m
yy hm H$ma ^maVmV bmoH${ hmoVmo Amho.
yy _w ZVa EH$ _moR>r a$_ dmagXmamZm EH$X_ XomV oVo.
yy m moOZm 5, 10 ,15, 20, qH$dm 30 dfmgmR>r AgVmV.
yy BVa moOZonojm hmMr a$_ XoIrb H$_r AgVo.
yy moOZog amoI qH$_V ZgVo.
gmdYr {d_m moOZm
yy mV R>am{dH$ H$mbmVamZo hmMo ngo ^amdo bmJVmV Am{U eodQ>r hm O_m Pmbobm EH${V ngm _wZVa
dmagXmamZm AWdm moOZom n[an$Vm {VWrZVa m $rg m hmoVmo. Oo nU n{hbo KS>ob, Vgo ngo
{_iUma.
dfmgZ /{ZdmrmoOZm / \$S>
yy mV OrdZ gwa{jV Zmhr hmoV. naVw R>abom H$mimgmR>r {ZpMV Cn OrdZmgmR>r XomV oVo.
yy {ZdmrZVam CnmgmR>r ghgm H$mT>m OmVo.
yy hmMr a$_ EH$X_ AWdm R>am{dH$ dfm_Yo hm-hmZo ^abr OmVo.
yy moOZm KoVbom {$g, EH$ {ZpMV a$_ H$mbmVamZo R>am {V{WnmgyZ {_img ma^ hmoVmo.
({V_m{gH$, ghm_mhr qH$dm dm{fH$ BmXr H$mao )
yy _wm ZVa dmagXmamZm XoIrb A{Ve MmJbm bm^ m moOZm H$$Z XoVmV.
w{ZQ> qbH$ OrdZdr_m moOZm
yy m H$mam moOZoV OmoIr_ d JwVdUwH$ mMo {_lU nhmdmg {_iVo. hr moOZm OrdZ[d_m XmZ H$aVo.
yy eoAa ~mOmamV oUmao MT>-CVmamMm n[aUm_ gai m moOZoda hmoV AgVmo.
yy JwVdUwH$sm OmoI_rMm ^ma nyUnUo JwVdUwH$XmamdaM AgVmo.
yy mV nwH$i gmm H$nm JwVdUwH$Xmamm JaOmZwgma moOZm CnbY H$$Z XoVmV. mV OmoIr_ d H$mi
mMm XoIrb {dMma Ho$bobm AgVmo. {d{dY \$S>mm OmoIr_ XoIrb {d{dY H$mam AgVmV.
yy ^{d {Zdmh {ZYr ImmgmaIo mV {_iUmam naVmdm {ZpMV ZgVmo. Vwhr ~ZdV Agbobm ngm, hm
Vwhr {H$Vr MmJbm \$S> ~YZ H$aUmam {$ {ZdS>Vm mda Adb~yZ AgVmo.
ZdrZ {Zdmr moOZm, 2009.
yy hr moOZm 18 Vo 55 dfm dmoJQ>mVrb ^maVm_Ycr H$moUVrhr {$ CKSy> eH$Vo.
yy mV EImXm {$ {Zdmr KoV nV R>am{dH$ ngo Q>mHy$ eH$Vmo.
yy {Zdmrm doiog, O_m Pmbobr gnyU a$_ H$mT>Vm oVo qH$dm OrdZdr_m H$nZr H$Sy>Z dfmgZ KoD$
eH$Vmo. OoUo H$$Z mg {Z{_V Cn m hmoV am{hb. qH$dm Xmohr H$$ eH$Vmo. 40% a$_oMo dfmgZ
bmJbrM KoD$ eH$Vmo d OmVrV OmV 60% O_m ^$Z a$_ moOZoVyZ AmharV H$$Z KoD$ eH$Vmo.
aniltakalikar@gmail.com

25

yy bmJbrM dfmgZ KoVbo AgVm, OrdZdr_m H$nZr H$Sy>Z {Z{_V Cn m hmoVo. ho Cn _m{gH$,
gh_m{gH$, _m{gH$, qH$dm dfmVyZ EH$XmM m hmoUmao AgVo.
yy H$_rV H$_r ` 500 JwVdUo AmdH$ AgVo. VgoM oH$ dfu {H$_mZ Mma hVo ^aUo AmdH$ AgVo.
m{edm oH$ dfu H$_rV H$_r ` 6000 JwVdUo AmdH$ Amho.
yy OmVrV OmV a$_ JwVd{dmMr _mXm Zmhr. VgoM OmVrV OmV {H$Vrhr ho ^aVm oD$ eH$VmV.
yy mV JwV{dbobm ngm Vk ~YZ A{YH$mmH$Sy>Z gm^mibm OmVmo.
yy Vwhr Vw_Mm Vk ~YZ A{YH$mar ~Xbdy gwX>Ym eH$Vm, Oa Vwhr mm H$mnVrZo g_mYmZr Zgmb
Va.
yy m ImmVyZ Vwhr ngm H$mTy> eH$V Zmhr Am{U hr JwVdUwH$ dmm 60 m dfmnV dmT>VM OmVo.
_w nMmVM ngm H$mT>Vm oUo e Amho. AWdm Vwhr IynM AmOmar qH$dm Oa Vwhr dVMo Ka ~mYV
/ {dH$V KoV Agmb Vohm, mVyZ ngo H$mTy> eH$Vm.
yy OmVrV OmV 1 bmImnV mVrb JwVdUwH$sg AmH$a {Z_mm 80 CCD m AVJV gyQ> m hmoVo.
EH$ bjmV R>odm EH$ bmImMr _mXm nma hmbm ZH$mo Am{U EH$ bmImm daVr {Z_ 80 C m
AVJV gyQ> m hmoBb.

Amamo [d_m
Amamo [d_m Vwhmcm EImm qH$dm AZoH$ AmOmamnmgyZ gwa{jV H$aVmV Am{U Aem AmOmamV bmJUmm
Am{WH$ ~mOyMr gnyUnUo h_r KoVmV. Ago [d_m Vw_m gd qMVm Xya H$aVmV. IMmMr H$miOr KoVmV, m_wio
WmoS>o emV amhmg _XV hmoD$Z {$ A _hdmm Jmo>tda bj Ho${V H$$ eH$Vmo.
^maVmV {d{dY H$maMo Amamo qH$dm dH$s [d_m moOZm CnbY AmhoV. m moOZm m H$m XoVmV mZwgma
Imbr dJuH$V Ho$m AmhoV.
n[anyU Amamo [d_m h_r moOZm - m moOZo AVJV Vwhmcm Amamo{dfr BpnVimm _m_mVyZ
gnyU gwajm XmZ Ho$br OmVo. VgoM EH$ doJim Amamo{dfH$ \$S> Vma H$Z A Amamomer {ZJ{S>V
IMmMr H$miOr KoVm OmVo.
BpnVi moOZm -m moOZoV Oa Vwhmbm BpnVimV ^aVr H$amdo bmJbo Va, gd IMmMr ^anmB H$$Z
{_iVo. m H$mamV, oH$ {dH$nm_Yo ngm XomMm H$ma doJdoJim Agy eH$Vmo. VgoM H$mhr IMmda _mXm
XoIrb AgVo. BpnVi moOZm H$mamV, moOZm nwZmr AWdm R>am{dH$ \$mXm Aem H$mamV gwm Agw
eH$Vo. m gd {d{dY {dH$nmMm Coe hmM AgVmo H$s, Vo dmadma hmoUmm AmfYr IMmMm ^ma CMbVmV.
J^ra AmOma moOZm - m moOZm Vwhmbm J^ra AmOmamMm _mo~Xbm XoVmV. Ogo H$s X{dH$ma, Add
~XbUo, {H$S>Zr {ZH$m_r hmoUo BmXr. m dr_m moOZmMo _w b hUOo A{Ve _hmJ BpnVi IMmMm
^ma ghZ H$aUo.
{d{e> n[apWVr _mo~Xbm - m H$mam Amamodr_m moOZoV \$$ _Yw_oh qH$dm H$H$amoJ BmXrnmgyZ
CdUmm Amamo {dfH$ n[apWVtMmM {dMma Ho$bm OmVmo. mV Vo, AmOma {ZU moOZm gwm OmVrMr
Q>mHy$ eH$VmV. Or H$s {d{e> H$mimgmR>r AQ>tg{hV _mo~Xbm XoUmar Agw eH$Vo.
oWo {Xcom m{hVrV ~Xc Agy eH$Vmo. mwio ZdrZ H$m{eV Pmcocr m{hVr dmMm.

26

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12. H$O {dfH$ gmYZo#

gmm A{Ve dmT>m OrdZ_mZ nVrV H$O hUOo EH$ gm_m ~m~ Pmbr Amho. nwH$i bmoH$ d{$H$
H$O, H$ma H$O, VmaU H$O qH$dm A Xgm Hw$R>m H$OmgmR>r AO H$arVM AgVmV. oH$mgmR>r ~mOmamV
H$O CnbY Amho. ghgm Am{WH$ AS>MUtMr gw$dmV hr _moR>m H$Omm S>moJam_wioM Cn hmoVo.
{d{dY H$maMo H$O CnbY AmhoV.

d{$H$ H$O
d{$H$ H$O ghgm VohmM KoVm OmVo, Oohm _Zw EImXr AZno{jV JaO nyU H$amg Am{WH$ XQ>m
g~b ZgVmo. nwH$i doim Ho$di OmVrMm ngm {_i{dmm ZmXmV d{$H$ H$O H$mTy>Z Am{WH$ AS>MUrV
oVmV. qH$dm EImXr Iyn _moR>r dVw KoUo hohr H$maU AgVo. naVw ZVa mZm H$iVo H$s, Vo mMo _m{gH$ ho
\o$Sy> eH$V ZmhrV.
R>iH$ d{eQ>o
yy 14-18% mOXamgmR>r Vma ahm qH$dm OmV \$s Am{U _m{gH$ ho XoIrb _moR>m aH$_oMoM AgUma.
yy AmdoXZ {dYr doi ImUmar VgoM H$YrH$Yr nwH$i AmR>dS>o \$$ _Owa H$amgmR>rM KoUmar Amho. doioda
ngo Z m hmom_wio AZno{jV JaOmnyU H$aUo e hmoV ZmhrV.
yy Xa Am{U eVu Aem H$mamV gVV ~XbV AgVmV. m_wio m XmoKmMrhr gmdYarVrZo VwbZm H$aUo
AmdH$ Amho. ZmhrVa Aem VmH$mi JaOm ^mJ{dVmZm JmhH$mZm nwH$i OmV ngo _moOmdo bmJVmV.
yy Hw$R>mhr H$mamMo d{$H$ H$O KomAJmoXa doi H$mTy>Z dpWV Amg H$am.
yy A{Ve AmdH$ JaO Agm{edm ho H$O H$mT>mMm gm H$moUrhr XoUma Zmhr.

JhH$O
JhH$O hUOo EH$ AOyZ H$O, Oo H$s Vw_m Kamm VmaUmV {Xbo OmVo. Oa Vwhr Vw_Mo n{hboM Ka {dH$V
KoUma Agmb, Va JhH$Omm ~m~mVrVrb gd ImM-IiJo OmUyZ KoUo mo R>aob. AWdWm d ~mOma
mmVrb ~Xbmd Vw_m JhH$Ombm bmJy hmoVmV.
R>iH$ d{eQ>o
yy 75 Vo 80 % nV Jhmm {H$_Vrda ~H$m H$O XoVmV.
yy ~H$mZr AmVm EH$ doJioM Xa Mmby Ho$bo AmhoV. Oo H$s H$_r AdYr nV ImbVr AgVmV. mZVa _m
Vo dmT>VmV d doJdoJio gwm R>$ eH$VmV. m_wio AmdoXZ n A{Ve H$miOrnydH$ dmMUo JaOoMo Amho.
yy nwH$i JhH$OmMm H$mbmdYr H$_rV H$_r 3 df qH$dm mnojm OmV Agw eH$Vmo.
yy n{hboM ngo ^amg nwH$i OmV XS> ^amdm bmJVmo.
yy Aem H$Om_Yo Nw>m \$s qH$dm A H$mamMo IM AgVmV.
yy Oa Vwhmbm Ka {dH$mMo Amho. Va _J H$O bmJbrM ^amdo bmJVo.

{VVmaU

{VVmaU hUOo gm_m VmaU {H$om AJXr CbQ> nV. m_Yo VmaU gnmr H$arVm ~H$M ngo XoVo. hr
nV npM_r Xoem_Yo bmoH${ Amho.

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27

R>iH$ d{eQ>o
yy EImXr {$ Orm Odi _mb_mm hUOo Ka BmXr Amho. naVw {Z{_V CnZmMm moV Zmhr. Aem
doiog Amnbo Ka ~Ho$nmer qH$dm JhH$O XoUmm H$nmnmer JhmU R>odVo. m ~XmV Vr ~H$ qH$dm
H$nZr m {$g {Z{_V Cn XoVo.
yy EH$ Jmo> A{Ve MmJbr Amho H$s, Omo {$ AemH$mao Amnbr gnmr (Ka) {VVmaU R>odVmo. Vmo m
KamV gnyU OrdZ^a amh Va eH$VmoM, {edm Vo KaM mmgmR>r {Z{_V Cn XomMo gmYZ ~ZVo.
hUOo m H$mamV KaM _mbH$mg {Z{_V Cn nwadVo.
yy naVw m H$mamV EH$Xm H$m m Ka_mbH$mMm _w Pmbm AWdm Vmo Ka gmoSy>Z Jobm, H$s _J gnmr
{dH$mMm A{YH$ma ~Ho$nmer AgVmo. OoUo H$$Z {Xbobo H$O Vo naV m H$$ eH$Vrb. Oa qH$_V
H$Omnojm OmV Ambr. Va ngo dmagXmamZm {Xbo OmVmV.
{VVmaUmMo nona ~Z{dmgmR>r ^maVmV [aPd ~Ho$Zo H$mhr {ZX}e Omar Ho$bo AmhoV.
R>iH$ d{eQ>o
yy Hw$R>bmhr Ka_mbH$ Omo 60 dfmnojm OmV Amho Vmo ho H$O m H$$ eH$Vmo.
yy {Zdmgr gnmrMr Or qH$_V Agob, mm \$$ 60% nVM H$O mr hmoD$ eH$Vo.
yy OmVrV OmV H$mbmdYr hm 15 dfmMm Amho.
yy H$O KoUmar {$ mm BN>oZwgma EH$X_, {V_m{gH$, _m{gH$, dm{fH$ H$emhr H$mao a$_ m
H$$ eH$Vo.
yy ~Ho$H$Sy>Z Xa nmM dfmZr EH$Xm gnmrMr \o$aqH$_V R>a{dbr OmVo.
yy {VVmaUmVyZ Or a$_ m hmoV AgVo. Vo H$O hQ>m OmVo. mg Cn hUVm oV Zmhr.
yy {VVmaUmMo Xa {ZpMV qH$dm A{ZpMV H$mamMo AgVmV. hUyZM ho mOXa ~mOmamm n[apWVrda
{dg~yZ ~XbV AgVmV. mH$S>o H$O KoUmmZo bj R>odUo JaOoMo Amho.

amomm ~XmV H$O

g_^mJmm ~XmV H$O KoUo, hUOo dVm JwVdUwH$sMo gajU H$aUoM hmo. VgoM dVm JaOmMr
H$miOr gwm KoUo hmo. Aem H$maMo bmoH$ Hw$R>mhr H$mao AmH$p_H$ KQ>ZmZm Va Vm|S> XoVmVM {edm eoAa
Z {dH$VmM amoI a$_ XoIrb C^r H$aVmV. Aem H$maMo H$O KoUo VohmM ehmUnUmMo R>aVo, Oohm Vwhmbm
H$mhr _{hZo AJmoXaM {ZpMV {H$Vr a$_ bmJUma Amho, mMm AXmO oVmo Am{U Vwhmbm AJXrM Vmnwam
H$mimgmR>rM \$S> hdo AgVrb VohmM H$mT>mdo.
R>iH$ d{eQ>o
yy S>r_Q> eoAa qH$_Vrm \$$ 75% Q>o$M [aPd ~H$ ~H$mZm H$O XomMr _w^m XoVo. Am{U ^m{VH$
eoAam ~m~VrV mm qH$_Vrm 50% Q>o$. Var gwm ~H$m mm dVm A{YH$mamV amhZ
H$_r-A{YH$ _mUmV H$O XoD$ eH$VmV.
yy ~H$mnmer _Owa Ho$m Jobobr amomMr mXrM AgVo. mm ~XmV Vo H$O XoD$ eH$VmV d hr mXr
oH$ ~Ho$Zwgma doJdoJir Agy eH$Vo. hr mXr doimo-doir ~XbV gwm AgVo.
yy wwAb \$S>mm EHy$U _mb_mm qH$_Vrm AmYmamdaM w{ZQ>Mr qH$_V Agm_wio mm ~XmV
~H$m H$O XoVmV.
yy mOmMm Xa 14%-18% _Yo AgVmo.
yy oH$ ~Ho$Zwgma {H$m \$s d nona IM 1 Vo 1.5% nV Agy eH$VmV.
yy H$nm, Zm~m{bH$, gWm, qhX EH${V Hw$Qw>~ qH$dm naam>r bmoH$mm Zmdmda Agbobo g_^mJ H$O
mrm AhVoV oV ZmhrV.
# ZdrZ

H$O{dfH$ {Z nhm

Ho${S>Q> H$mS> H$O

Oohm d{$H$ H$O qH$dm A H$OmMo _mJ ~X Pmbo AgVrb, VohmM ghgm hm _mJ nH$amdm. Ho${S>Q>
H$mS>mV {_iUmao H$O Agwa{jV Va AgVoM {edm mda mOXa XoIrb Iyn OmV AgVmo. Ho${S>Q> H$mS>
Amnmnmer \$S> ZgVmZmhr ngo IM H$amMr VmH$X XoVmo. nwH$i V$UdJ AZmdH$ Jmo>tgmR>r mMm
dmna H$aVmV d m_wio mMm X$nmoJ OmV hmoVmo.
28

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Ho${S>Q> H$mS> H$OmnmgyZ Xa ahm - nwH$i bmoH$mZm Ho${S>Q> H$mS> H$OmnmgyZ AS>MUr Cn hmoD$ eH$VmV. \$$
H$_rV H$_r ngo XoUo _hmJmV nSy> eH$Vo d mZVa Vwhmbm XrKH$minV H$O\o$S> H$amdr bmJy eH$Vo. gVV
Vw_Mo H$O \o$S>mMm Zoh_r gmVnyU Z H$am. OoUo H$$Z VwhmbmM ZVa H$iob H$s, Amnbm {ZU {H$Vr
mo Amho.
R>iH$ d{eQ>o
yy Ho${S>Q> H$mS>mda AmH$mabm OmUmam mOXa hm gd H$mam H$O H$mamV OmV AgVmo. hm mOXa
18%-36% dm{fH$ Agy eH$Vmo.
yy H$O ho gVV mOXa qH$dm XS> m _m_mVyZ dgyb hmoVM AgVo. Oa H$m Vwhr Vw_Mr XoUr mO_w$
H$mbmdYrm gnm nydu Zmhr ^abr, Va _J _m Vwhmbm IynM OmV mOXa ^amdm bmJUma. ho
Vw_m Ho${S>Q> H$mS> H$Omg H$_r H$ambm IynM mgXmH$ R>aob.
yy nwH$i Ho${S>Q> H$mS>mm _mXm A{Ve H$_r AgVmV. m_wio H$O dmnaUmam {$ dmV{dH$VoH$S>o
S>moioPmH$ H$aVmo H$s, _{hmm _{hmbm ~gUmam mOXa H$_r Amho d hoM _J ZVa AmJmer oVo. hr
a$_ eodQ>r Vw_m _yi H$Omnojm OmV hmoVo.
yy EH$Va Ho${S>Q> H$mS> EH$mnojm OmV KoVmZm A{Ve gmdY amhm. VgoM ho {dH$Umao bmoH$ Vw_Mr H$O _mXm
dmT>dyZ XomMm Zoh_r Z H$arV AgVmV. Oar hm Ho${S>Q> H$mS> MmamMm ^mJ Agbm, Var mnmgyZ
gmdY Agm.

A{V[aV H$OmnmgyZ dmMmm nmm

H$OmMr `mXm gw{ZpMV H$am.
yy EH$Va gdW {H$Vr H$O Vwhmcm nadSy> eHo$c. Vo R>adm. `mZVa Vw`m yi H$OmMr aH$ `m
aH$onojm Imcr Agm`cm hdr.
yy Vwhr dV:M `mXm V`ma H$ eH$Vm, H$s `oH$ YZmXoemmao {H$Vr aH$ H$OmgmR>r OmBc. `mwio
Vwhmcm H$Omda A{Ve` `mo` H$mao {Z`U R>odVm `oBc d VwMo H$O XoIrc dmT>Uma Zmhr.
H$Ommao hmoUmar IaoXr gmdYmZnydH$ H$am.
yy Oa Vwhmcm H$OmMr JaO Agoc, Va J gdW `mo` H$mao A`mg H$am. Zohr ho gOyZ `m H$s
Vwhmcm H$OmgmR>r {H$Vr `mOXa mdm cmJUma Amho d hm `mOXa Zohr H$r Ag`mH$So> H$c R>odm.
{edm` hohr nmhUo JaOoMo Amho H$s Vwhmcm {H$Vr H$O KoUo nadS>Vo Amho. `mwio EH$M {ZpMV hmoBc H$s
Vwhr `mOXamda A{V[aV ngo IM H$aUma ZmhrV.
yy dfmVyZ ho EH$Xm nhm H$s, Vwhmcm mo mOXa {imco AmhoV H$s Zmhr.
mohmV nSy> ZH$m
yy EH$Xm H$m H$nmm cjmV Amco H$s, Vwhr WmoSo> H$O dpWV hmVmiy eH$mc Va Vo cmJcrM Vwhmcm
AmH${fV moOZmMo n nmR>{dmg gwadmV H$aVrc Am{U Oa Vwhr AmYrM H$moUmH$Sy>Z H$O KoVco Agoc,
Va Vo Vwhmcm A {d{dY H$maMo H$O gmYZ nwa{dmMo Z H$aVrc.
yy Ago gd H$OmMo H$ma A{Ve mohrV H$aUmao R> eH$VmV. naVw Vwhr m XcXcrV Z $gVm, VohmM
H$O m, Oohm IamoIaM Vwhmcm mMr JaO Amho.
gai ngo Vw`m ~rcmV dmT>V OmVmV
yy nwH$i ~H$m qH$dm H$O XoUmao dM{cV[am Vwm ImmVyZ H$mhr ngm Xomg w^m XoVmV.
yy m H$mamwio VwMo ~rc Va A{Ve doioda ^am OmVrc. naVw Vwhmcm ho H$YrM {XgUma Zmhr OmV
ngo Joco H$s, Vwhmcm H$r ^amdmMo hmoVo.

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29

13. JwVdUwH$sMo V
nVera JwVdUwH$ `moOZm
Am{WH$ {Z`moOZmMr cdH$a gwdmV H$aUo hrM Iar Jw{H$r Amho. AmOH$mc lr_V hmo`mgmR>r
Vwhmcm Vw_`m n[admamH$Sy>ZM gnmr {_imcr nm{hOo Ago H$mhr Amd`H$ Zmhr. nVera JwVdUwH$ `moOZm
ho EH$ Ago Cm_ _m`_ Amho. `m`mmao Vwhr N>moQ>m JwVdUwH$sg gwdmV H$$ eH$Vm, EImXr {ZpMV
a$_ `oH$ _{h`mV AWdm R>am{dH$ AVamZo JwV{dUo `mmao e` Amho. nwH$i`m `mVrc `moOZm Va Ho$di
` 500 _{hZm JwVdUwH$ H$Z gw$ H$aVm `oVrc, Oo H$s Vw`mgma`m `q$Zm ghO gwdmVrcm e` Amho.

oH$ {hmV JwV dUwH$

H$Z
OmV naVmdo {XKmdYrV
mV H$am.

nVera JVw dUwH$ moOZm

Vwhmcm JwV dUwH$sMm
{dH$n XoV.o oH$
{hmV ` 500 nmgyZ
gwdmV H$aVm oV.o

nadS>mOmoJo

nVera d
ghO dmnaVm
omOmoJr

JwV dUwH$Xma cm^me

mV H$ eH$VmV AWdm
cm^me dqJV H$amMm
{dH$n KoD$ eH$VmV.

nVera JwV dUwH$

moOZoMo $mXo

gmonr d
{eV~[am
ImmVyZ ng diVo
H$aVm oVmV.

ngo nmoQ> S>Qo >So > MoH$Zo

AWdm S>~o rQ> nVrZo XoVm
oVmV.

cm^me dqJV
{dH$n

`oH$ _{h`mV {H$_mZ ` 500 nmgyZ gwm ma^ H$aVm `oVmo.

nem`m {H$_VrMr gamgar gmY`mMr gH$nZm
nVera `moOZoV nemMr qH$_VrMr gamgarMm Cn`moJ H$aVmV. ho _r CXmhaUm`m _m`_mVyZ n> H$aVmo.
{hZm
A. oH$ {hmV JwV{dcocr aH$
~. gnmrMr EHy$U yi qH$V (EZ E hr)
H$. w{ZQ> gm (A~)

OmZodmar
500
8
62.50

o$~wdmar
500
10
50

mM
500
12
38.46

E{c
500
12
41.67

OmZodmar _{h`mV JwV{dco`m ` 500 V 62.50 `w{ZQ> Vwcm m hmoVmV. Oohm H$s E{c _{h`mV \$$ 41
`w{ZQ>. `mMmM AW hm Amho H$s, `oH$ _{h`mV ` 500 JwVdUwH$ Oa Vy H$aV Agerc, Va ~mOma Oohm
Imc`m Vamda Agoc, Vohm Vwcm OmV `w{ZQ> {_iUma Am{U Oohm Vmo da`m Vamda Agoc Vohm Vwcm
H$_r `w{ZQ> {_iUma. `m_wio Vw`m {V `w{ZQ>Mo gamgar ~mOma _w` ImcVr AmU`mgmR>r nVera JwVdUwH$
`moOZm ho CH$> _m`_ Amho. `m_wio Vy doi Va dmMdyM eH$Vmo {edm` ~mOmam`m hmcMmctda ZOa R>odm`Mo
H$> XoIrc dmMVrc.
Vwcm _m{hVr Amho H$m ?
nVera JwVdUwH$sV Ho$cocr JwVdUwH$ hr EH$mM doiog Ho$co`m JwVdUwH$snojm H$_r OmoI_rMr AgVo.
30

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14. H$emH$mao ngo J_dmdo ZmhrV?

{dmr` ~mOmamV KS>Um`m {d{dY H$ma`m KQ>Zm, `oUm`m `moOZm `m gdm`m ~m~VrV `oH$ JwVdUwH$XmamZo
gOJ amhUo JaOoMo Amho. `m{edm` A` AZoH$ H$ma`m KQ>Zm AgVmV. `mgmR>r Vw_`m gnmrg_whmda
ZOa AgUo Amd`H$ R>aVo. Oa Vwhr Ago Zmhr Ho$co Va _J Vwhr naVmdo J_d`mMr g^mdZm AgVo.
Vwhr Vw_`m JwVdUwH$sMo {dcofU H$amd`mg hdo, `mMr Mmcy qH$_V nhmd`mg hdr Am{U Vw_`m gnmr
g_whm_`o g_Vmoc gmYmd`mg hdm. Oa H$m Vwhr \$$ `w`wAc \$S>m_`o JwVdUwH$ H$aV Agmc, Va
`mmUo AmnU XamoamoO eoAa qH$_Vrda ZOa R>odVmo. Ver ZOa \$S>m`m _yi gnmr _y`mda AgUo JaOoMo
Amho. Vwhmcm {d{dY Am{WH$ KmV _m{hVr Agmd`mg hdo. Ogo H$s Z`mMm Xa, H$O \o$S>rMr j_Vm Am{U
CncY Agcocr amoI B`mXr. OoUoH$Z EImXr H$nZr {V`m CnH$_m_Yo H$em H$maMm Z\$m H$_doc,
eoAaMr qH$_V Am{U A` g~{YV Jmo>r `m gdmMr H$nZm Vwhmcm `oBc. Oa Vwhr amoIo~YmV JwVdUwH$
H$aV Agmc, Va _J Vwhmcm amo`mMr n[an$Vm {VWr, `mO Xa Am{U amo`mer g~{YV A` Jmo>tMo kmZ
AgUo Amd`H$ Amho. Oa H$m Vwhmcm n{hcoM nmm cmJcm H$s, EImXr H$nZr KoVco`m nemda `mo`H$mao
`mO XoV Zmhr, Va _J Aem H$nZr`m amo`m_`o Z JwVdUwH$ H$aUoM `mo`. gwa{jVVo`m >rZo ho Zoh_rM
Amd`H$ Amho H$s, _y` {ZYm[aV H$aUmar V Ogo H$s JwUmoma _mU {dcofU Am{U JwVdUwH$sMo dmQ>n ho
gd _m{hVr Agmd`mg hdo.
Vwhr Zoh_r Vw_`m JwVdUwH$s_Yo `oUm`m ~Xcmdmda ZOa R>odmd`mg hdr. ho ~Xcmd ~mOmamVrc MT>-CVma,
Am{WH$ _wo Am{U A` KQ>H$m_wio `oV AgVmV.
Vwhr Vw_`m JwVdUwH$ H$nZrMo Am{WH$ Vmio~X nmhZ {dco{fV H$ eH$Vm. `mV Vwhr H$nZrZo ^yVH$mimV
H$em H$mao JVr Ho$cr Amho ho Va nmhM eH$Vm. {edm` Vr ^{d`mV MmJcm JVr AmcoI R>odoc H$s
Zmhr `m ~chr {dMma H$Z `m H$nZrV ngo JwVdm`Mr `moOZm ~Zdy eH$Vm. Vwhmcm H$nZr`m Vmio~Xmg
`dpWV g_OyZ KoUo Amd`H$ Amho. `m_wio ho H$i`mg _XV hmoVo H$s, H$nZr nemMm Cn`moJ Zo_H$m
Hw$R>`m {R>H$mUr, H$em H$mao H$aVo Amho. `m_wio ho hr H$iVo H$s, {Zdi cmoH$mda ^md Q>mH$`mgmR>r Am{WH$
n[anH$ ~Z{dco Joco Amho H$s g` n[apWVr g_moa R>od`mV Amcr Amho. H$nZr `mdoir Amnco {ZH$mc
Omhra H$aVo `mdoir Vo H$em H$mao cjmV `m`cm hdo, dmMm`cm hdo `mMo V Vwhmg AdJV Agmd`mg
hdo. Vw_`mH$Sy>Z Ho$`m Jococr `oH$ JwVdUwH$ _hdnyU Amho. `m_wio Omo n`V Vwhmcm `mVyZ Z\$m m
hmoV Zmhr Vmo n`V doimodoir `m JwVdUwH$sda ZOa R>odUo ho Vw_Mo H$m_ Amho. `m doiog Vwhr JwVdUwH$ H$aVm
`m doionmgyZ Va `m gnmrVyZ m hmoUm`m naVm`mn`V hm _Ycm Omo H$mhr H$mi AgVmo `mg JwVdUwH$sMo
OrdZMH$ g~moY`m OmVo. `oH$M JwVdUwH$XmamZo JwVdUwH$ Ho$`mnmgyZ VoWyZ {ZKon`V doimodoir cj XoUo
JaOoMo Amho. AmVm hm JwVdUwH$ H$mi `{$nado {^ AgVmo. H$mhr cmoH$ H$mhr {_{ZQ>mV doe H$Z `mVyZ
{ZKVmV gwm, Va H$mhr {Xdg^am_Yo AWdm dfmZwdf} JwVdUwH$ H$Z R>odVmV. nU `oWo Zoh_rM hm gm am{hc
H$s, OmV naVmdo m H$amd`mMo AgVrc Va JwVdUwH$ XrKmdYrMr Agmd`mg hdr. {OVHo$ OmV df Vwhr
JwVdUwH$ R>odmc {VVH$m H$_r H$a XoIrc cmJoc. naVw cmJcrM Z\$m {_i{d`m`m Ameo_Yo nwH$i cmoH$
AemH$mao dmJV ZmhrV.

H$a ~MVrMo {Z`moOZ

`oH$ `{$g `m`m JwVdUwH$sda cmJUm`m H$am`m ^ma ~c _m{hVr Agmd`mg hdr. `oH$ `{$
Am`H$am`m _`mXoV `oVo naVw `oH$mMr _`mXm {^ AgVo d `mZwgma `mg H$a^aUm H$amdm cmJVmo.
ho Oohm JwVdUwH$s`m gX^mV `oVo Vohm Vwhmcm `m H$am_Yo gdcV m hmoD$ eH$Vo.
Am`H$am`m {Z`_ 80 H$ Zwgma ` 1,00,000 _`mXo n`V`m JwVdUwH$sda Vwhmcm H$a gdcV m hmoD$
eH$Vo. naVw `mV Vwhr Hw$R>`m H$a _`mXoV `oVm Vo XoIrc nmhmdo cmJVo. `mV m_w`mZo `m JwVdUwH$sMm
g_mdoe hmoVmo. `mV
yy ^{d`{Zdmh {ZYr
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31

yy OZgm_m`mH$arVm AgUmam {Zdmh {ZYr

yy OrdZ{d`mMo ho
yy {Zdmr `moOZm
yy eoAa g~{YV `w`wAc \$S>m`m ~MV `moOZm
yy Ammo{JH$ {dH$mg amoIo
yy am>r` ~MV n
Am`H$am`m {Z`_ 80 S> Zwgma Vw_`m Amamo` OrdZ{d_m `moOZo`m h`mda XoIrc gdcV m hmoVo.
hr {Z`_ 80 H$ Mr ` 1,00,000 _`mXm nma Ho$`mZVa XoIrc {_iVo. `mV 80 S> Zwgma OmVrV OmV
` 30,000 n`V _`mXm Amho. Va Oo> ZmJ[aH$mgmR>r ` 20,000 n`V _`mXm Amho. `mV Vwhr dV H$aVm,
_wcmH$[aVm, nmcH$mgmR>r Am{U Zdam-~m`H$mo `m`mgmR>r ^a`mV `oUm`m _o{S>H$c {d`m`m h`mda ho
cmJy hmoVo. `m {edm` EImm monam`Q>a gWoZo Oa YZmXoe {Xco AgVrc Va `mg XoIrc cmJw Amho. Jh
H$OmV XoIrc `m {Z`_m_wio gdcV m hmoVo. dV {dH$V KoVcocr gnmr, qH$dm JhH$Omda `oH$ dfu
` 1,50,000 n`VMo `mO `mda `mV Hw$R>`m H$maMm H$a cmJV Zmhr.
ho \$$ VohmM cmJy Amho Oa Ka ho VrZ Am{WH$ dfmV ~mYco Agoc Am{U H$O gwm 1 E{c 1999 ZVa
KoVco Agoc Va.
dmMH$mZm {dZVr Amho H$s, mZr gwYmarV H$aYmoaU dmMmdo

15. JwVdUwH$sg gwdmV H$er H$amdr ?

Imcr {Xco`m nm``m`m AmYmao Vwhr JwVdUwH$sg gwdmV H$$ eH$Vm.
1. JwVdUwH$Xmamnmer Imcrc H$mJXn AgUo Amd`H$ Amho.

l Wm`r coIm g`m (nZ H$mS>) nmgnmoQ>, dmhZ nadmZm n.

l nmm {ZYmaUogmR>r - drO Xo`H$, XyadZr Xo`H$.
2. JwVdUwH$Xma _`WmH$S>oM hUOo Xcmc qH$dm ~YZ A{YH$mar `m`mH$S>o XoIrc OmD$ eH$VmV.
3. JwVdUwH$XmamZm `mZVa KYC(JmhH$ _m{hVr) \$m_ ^amdm cmJVmo. Am{U `mV dVMr gnyU _m{hVr
mdr cmJVo. `mg Xcmc-JmhH$ `m`mV Pmcocm H$amaZm_m XoIrc mdm cmJVmo.
4. JwVdUwH$Xmamg _J S>r_Q> ImVo d ~H$ ImVo CKS>mdo cmJVo. `mgmR>r `mcm dV`m ~H$ Im`mMr
_m{hVr mdr cmJVo.
EH$Xm H$m `m nm``m nyU Pm`m H$s, _J {dmr` ~mOmamV Vmo JwVdUwH$Xma `dhma H$$ eH$Vmo. VH$mar`m
gJr JwVdUwH$Xma Imcrc {R>H$mUr Ymd KoD$ eH$Vmo.
H$
1

gnmr
eoAa / amoIo

Ammo{JH$ H$O

3
4
5

~mOma
naH$s McZ
{dm

6
7
8

wwAc $S>
EZ ~r E$ gr
nOr~/AnOr/hVmVaU/
nwZ IaoXr
{dcrZrH$aU
emgH$s H$Omm g~YmV

9
10
32

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n{hco gnH$ EgM|O

H$nZr/Q>mH$ EgM|O (Oa
EgM|O AmYmarV dhma
AgVrc Va)
H$nZr/Q>mH$ EgM|O (Oa
EgM|O AmYmarV dhma
AgVrc Va)
Q>mH$ EgMoO
Q>mH$ EgMoO
H$nZr
Egr/Q>mH$ EgM|O
g~YrV EZ ~r E$ gr
H$nZr
H$nZr

Oa VH$ma {ZdmaU Zmhr Pmco Va

go~r/{{ZQ>r Am$ H$manmaoQ>
$mZmg
[aOd ~H$ /{ZrQ>r Am$
$mZmg
$madS> mH}$Q> H${eZ$
[aOd ~H
{dm {ZZ Am{U ~YZ
A{YH$mar (Am Ama S>r E)
go~r
[aOd ~H$
go~r
E gr E
[aOd ~H

go~r
^maVr amoIo Am{U {d{Z gWm
E gr E
{{ZQ>r Am$ H$mnmoaoQ> Ao$Ag
Ama ~r Am [aOd ~H$ Am$ B{S>m
E Amo E$ {{ZQ>r Am$ $mZmg
E$ E gr $madS> mH}$Q> H${eZ
Am Ama S>r E OrdZ {dm {ZZ d {dH$mg m{YH$aU

16. Am{WH$ {ejUmMo \$m`Xo.

Am{WH$ {ejUmMr JaO _w`do XmoZ Jmo>t_wio Amcr.
EH$Va d`{$H$ Am{WH$ pWVr `mo` ZgUo. AmO H$mcMo VU `m`m JaOmda OmV IM H$aVmV {edm`
Ho${S>Q> H$mS>Mm Xwn`moJ Am{U OmoIr_nyU JwVdUwH$s.
Xygao hUOo ZdrZ Am{U JwVmJwVrnyU Aem Am{WH$ {dH$nmMm hmoUmam gma, Aem Am{WH$ {dH$nmZm g_OyZ
Ko`mgmR>r Am{WH$ Vk cmoH$mMr dmT>Vr OmUmar _mJUr. ApWa ~mOma n[apWVr Am{U ~XcV OmUmar H$a
Umcr `m gd Jmo>t_wio Am{WH$ {ejUmMr JaO ^mgy cmJcr Amho.
AmVm Va emgH$s` ZmoH$Xma dJ XoIrc nydmnma MmcV Amco`m `moOZmMm `mJ H$Z {Zdmr`m doiog MmJco
Am{WH$ \$m`Xo XoUm`m `moOZmH$S>o dicoco AmhoV. `m_wio godm{ZdmrMr `moOZm ~Z{dUo ho hr A`V _hdnyU
~Zco Amho.
Am{WH$ {ejUmMo H$mhr \$m`Xo `oWo {Xcoco AmhoV.
yy EH$ gwa{jV Am{WH$ ^{d` ~Z{d`mg _XV {_iVo. Am{WH$ {ejU ZgUo hUOo EImm `{$Mo qH$dm
Hw$Qw>~mMo ~MVrMo c` Ymo`mV `oD$Z nwT>o `mZm Am{WH$ MUMUrcm gm_moamo Omdo cmJy eH$Vo.
yy AMmZH$ CX^dUm`m Am{WH$ JaOmgmR>r AmYrM V`ma amhmVm `oVo. Vw_`m Am{WH$ {Z`moOZmV AmH$pH$
IMmgmR>r mdYmZ H$Z Vwhr Z {XgUm`m IMmgmR>r V`ma amh eH$Vm.
yy Oo cmoH$ Am{WH$ {ejUmZo gkmZ Pmco AmhoV. Ago cmoH$ Am{WH$ CnmXZo Ko`mV AmKmS>rda AgVmV.
Oohm H$s `mZm `m CnmXZm~c ~aoM doiocm `mo` _m{hVr ZgVo. hUyZ Hw$R>`mhr `mdgm{`H$
Mmam`m _mohmV nSy> ZH$m.
yy H$m` m H$amd`mMo Amho `mMr OmUrd R>odm. Am{WH$ ~m~tMo {ejU `q$Zm `m`m c`m`m Odi
Zo`mg ghm`H$maH$ R>aVo.
yy `{$g A{Ve` O~m~Xma VgoM nem {V {eV {` ~ZdVo. AdmVd IM H$a`mnmgyZ namdm H$aVo
Am{U ~MV-JwVdUwH$ `m gd`tZm dmT>dVo.
yy Vwhr ~Ho$`m H$O Umcr qH$dm A` Jmo>t_Yo {X`m OmUm`m H$O{df`H$ {dH$nm{V OmV gOJ
hmoVm.
yy Vwhr Vw_`m Hw$Qw>~r`mgmR>r EH$ MmJco CXmhaU VwV H$aVm AmhmV `mMr OmUrd hmoVo.
yy nemMo ~YZ Vw_`m A` JwUmMm {dH$mg H$a`mg _XV H$aVo.

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33

17. JwVdUwH$XmamMr gwajm d VH$ma {ZdmaU

nV
JwwVdUwH$XmamMr gwajm
yy ^maVr amoIo Am{U {d{Z ~moS> (go~r) mMr WmnZm yimV ^maVr amoIo ~mOmamV JwVdUwH$Xmamm
{hVmMr gwajm H$amm CoemZo Pmcr Amho.
yy go~r gd H$maV VtZm qH$dm amoIo ~mOmamer {ZJS>rV pVZm JwVdUwH$Xmamm gwajm X{>H$moZmVyZ
{ZX}e Omar H$ eH$Vo qH$dm ~mOmamm {dH$mgmm X{>Zo Amkmn gwm Omar H$ eH$Vo.
yy go~rZo JwVdUwH$XmamMr gwajm d {ejU $S> `m ZmdmZo EH$ `moOZmM 2009 `m {Z`mVJV JwVdUwH$Xmam`m
gwa{jVVog ~i {imdo `m Co`mZo gw Ho$cr.
yy ej{UH$ H$memioV n[aMMm, {ejU, emoY ~Y d H$meZ wdo JwVdUwH$Xmamm {hVmgmR>r
Ho$co OmVo.
yy dVon, BcoQ>m{ZH$ gmam`o `m`m ghm`mZo JwVdUwH$XmamgmR>r OmJVr A{^`mZo am~{dcr
OmVmV.
yy ~moS>mH$Sy>Z m`Vmm, JwVdUwH$ oimdo, JwVdUwH$XmamgmR>r {ejU d OmJVr H$m`emim `mZm $S>
nwa{dco OmVmV.
yy ~moS>mH$Sy>Z m`Vmm JwVdUwH$Xma gWmZm amoIo ~mOmamV nOr~ amoIo qH$dm Oo nOr~ hmoUma
AmhoV AemH$[aVm H$m`Xoera ~m~r JwVdUwH$XmamMo {hV On`mgmR>r nmh`mMr nadmZJr {Xcr OmVo.
yy JwVdUwH$Xma gwajm $S> `mMr WmnZm {d{Z` gWmH$Sy>Z Ho$`m Jocr Amho. OoUoH$Z $g`m H$n`m{d
JwVdUwH$Xma Anrc H$ eH$Vrc.
yy g^mgX, JwVdUwH$Xma mmV {d{Z gWmH$Sy>Z gwgdmX gmYmMm Z Ho$cm OmVmo.
JwVdUwH$Xmamm VH$ma {ZdmaU nVr
yy go~r d amoIo {d{Z` gWmZr JwVdUwH$Xmam`m VH$mar cdH$amV cdH$a {ZH$mcr H$mT>`mgmR>r VH$ma{ZdmaU
gWm WmnZ Ho$`m AmhoV.
yy JwVdUwH$XmamZm mm VH$mar H$aVm mmV hUyZ, EH$m {d{e> BocMr gwm dWm gd amoIo gWm,
nOr~ Xcmc, Cn Xcmc, Om gWm d nOr~ H$nm mZr H$amdr Ago {ZX}e go~r H$Sy>Z {Xm
Joco AmhoV.
yy amoIo ~mOmamVyZ CX^dUmm VH$matMo {ZdmaU H$amgmR>r go~rZo {d{e> H$mam VH$ma{ZdmaU nVtMm
Adc~ Ho$cm Amho.
yy go~rm w~B wH$mmc Am{U mMo mVr H$mmco Oo H$s {Xr, MoB, H$mocH$Vm d AhXm~mX
m {R>H$mUr AmhoV. VoWo Vwhr gd H$m {XdgmYo A{YH$mmer gai ^oQy>Z Amnm VH$mar, JmhmUo
Zm|Xdy eH$Vm d m gX^mV mo go qH$dm H$mdmhrMo mJ mmH$Sy>Z OmUy eH$Vm. H$mhr {d{e>
{Xder Vwhr go~rm C A{YH$mmZm XoIrc ^oQy> eH$mc.

34

aniltakalikar@gmail.com

18. gma
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy

Am{WH$ {Z`moOZmMo _hd OmUUo.

dVMr AnmdYr Am{U XrKmdYrMr c`o gw{ZpMV H$aUo.
JwVdUwH$ `moOZm ~Zdm Am{U `m`m JVrda cj R>odm.
CnmgmR>r JwVdm Am{U dmT>Um`m _hmJmB Xam gmo~V `m CnmMr gmJS> Kmcm.
dV`m JaOm Am{U BN>m `mV ^oX H$am.
Oa H$a \o$S>`mZVa Vwhr Vw_`m IMmda {Z`U R>ody eH$V Zgmc Va dV`m amhUr_mZmV ~Xc H$am.
Vw_`m gd Cn moVmMo ~YZ H$a`mMr `moOZm ~Zdm.
Vw_`m JwVdUwH$sda n[aUm_ H$aUm`m _hmJmB, H$a B`mXr Jmo>t~c OmJH$ amhm.
Vw_`m JwVdUwH$sMm gVV nmR>nwamdm H$amdm OoUo H$Z ~XcV OmUm`m Cnm`m JaOm, Am{WH$
~mOmamZwgma ~XcV OmUmao {dH$n Am{U `mVyZ m hmoUmao Cn Vwhmcm H$em H$mao Vw_Mo c` mV
H$a`mg _XV H$aoc Vo nhm.

19. _hdnyU do~ gHo$V Wio

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

aniltakalikar@gmail.com

www.sebi.gov.in/
www.rbi.org.in/
www.amfiindia.com/
www.mcx-sx.com
www.investor.sebi.gov.in
www.nseindia.com
www.federalreserve.gov
www.bseindia.com

35

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36

aniltakalikar@gmail.com

{Q>nm

aniltakalikar@gmail.com

37

{Q>nm

38

aniltakalikar@gmail.com

^{dmVrc Am{WH$ {ejU H$memim m ImcrcH$mamgmR>r CncY AmhoV.

1. emioVrc {dmWu
2. hm{dmc`rZ {dmWu
3. `dJu` Cn JQ>
4. A{YH$mmgmR>r
5. {ZdVr moOZm
6. J{hUtgmR>r
7. dXV JQ>
qH$dm
amoIo ~mOmamer {ZJS>rV Hw$R>mhr Imcrc {dfmda
1. Am$a S>mw|Q> H$go dmMmdo.
2. amoIo gWmm mmVyZ mW{H$ ~mOmamV JwVdUwH$ H$er H$amdr.
3. amomo dhma H$gm H$amdm. mMr JwVdUwH$XmamgmR>rMr Jw{H$r
4. S>r|Q> ImVo d Om gWm
5. yMwAc $S>mV H$m H$amdo d H$m Zmhr
6. eoAaMr o$aIaoXr VgoM amomMr AnOr~Vm
7. EH${V JwVdUwH$ moOZm - H$m H$amdo d H$m Zmhr
8. ZdrZ Vm~m Komm gX^mVrc A{Y{Z
9. JwVdUwH$Xmamm VH$mar - Z H$go gmoS>dmdoV.
H$nm Amhmcm {chm go~r. : feprogram@sebi.gov.in
qH$dm
dJ n_wI
JwVdUwH$Xma OmJVr {d^mJ
go~r ^dZ
cmQ> Z. gr4-A, Or cmH$,
~mm-Hw$cm H$mcog,
~mm (nyd)
w~B-400 051
$moZ +91-022-26449111.
JwVdUwH$ mMr VH$ma go~rH$S>o Zm|Xdy eH$VmV. : https://scores.gov.in
JwVdUwH$Xma Hw$R>mhr XVrgmR>r go~rer gnH$ gmYy eH$VmV. : asksebi@sebi.gov.in

aniltakalikar@gmail.com

39

gnH$mgmR>r ^maVmVrc go~rMr H$mmco

w H$mmc
go~r ^dZ
cmQ> Z. gr4-E Or cmH$, ~mm-Hw$cm H$mcog, ~mm (nyd) w~B-400051.
XadZr H$. +91-22-26449000 / 40459000 / 9114 / $g H$. +91-22-26449016-20/40459016-20
B-oc sebi@sebi.gov.in
(hmam>, Xoe, N>{mgJT>, Jmodm, Xrd, XZ, XmXam Am{U ZJa hdocr)
Cma jo{ H$mmc
5dm mim, ~H$ Am$ ~S>moXm {~S>tJ,
16, ggX mJ, Zdr {Xr-110 001
XadZr +91-11-23724001-05/$g +91-11-23724006
B-oc sebinro@sebi.gov.in
(hamZm, {hmMc Xoe, Oy d H$mpa, nOm~, Cma Xoe,
MXrJS>, CmamIS> d {Xr)
nyd jo{ H$mmc
Ec AS> Q>r M|~g, {Vgam mim, 16, H$mmH$ mJ,
H$mocH$Vm- 700 017
XadZr +91-33-23023000/$g +91-33-22874307
B-oc sebiero@sebi.gov.in
(Amgm, {~hma, {Unya, oKmc, ZmJmcS>, Amoargm,
npM ~Jmc, AUmMc Xoe, rPmoam, {nwam, {g$s, PmaIS>,
AXmZ Am{U {ZH$mo~ma ~oQ>o)

aniltakalikar@gmail.com

X{jU jo{ H$mmc

Amodagrg Qmdg, 7dm mim,
756-Ec, AmUm gcmB, MoB-600 002
XadZr +91-44-28880222/28526686
$g +91-44 28880333
B-oc sebisro@sebi.gov.in
(AmY Xoe, H$ZmQ>H$, Ho$ai, VmriZmSy>, nmS>|Moar, cj{n,
Am{U rZrH$m ~oQ>o)
npM jo{ H$mmc
w{ZQ> Z. 002, Vi Ocm, gmH$ma,
1, JmYrJm aodo Q>oeZm Odi, Zoh nwcmm gmoa, Aml amoS>,
AhXm~mX-380 009
XadZr +91-079-26583633-35
$g +91-079-26583632
B-oc sebiaro@sebi.gov.in
(JwOamV Am{U amOWmZ)

mo\ V [dVaUmH arVm

hon cmBZ 1800 22 7575 / 1800 266 7575