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Top50DesktopSupportInterviewQuestions

Whatisactivedirectory?
Activedirectoryauthorizesandauthenticatesallusersandcomputersinawindowdomainnetwork,ensuring
thesecurityofthecomputerandsoftware.Throughactivedirectoryvariousfunctionscanbemanagedlike
creatingadminusers,connectingtoprintersorexternalharddrives.
2)WhatisDHCPandwhatitisusedfor?
DHCPstandsfordynamichostconfigurationprotocol.ItisusedtoallocateIPaddressestoalargenumberof
thecomputersysteminanetwork.IthelpsinmanagingthelargenumberofIPsveryeasily.
3)Whatisscopeandsuperscope?
ScopeconsistsofanIPaddresslikegatewayIP,subnetmask,DNSserverIP.Itcanbeusedtocommunicate
withtheotherPCsinthenetwork.Thesuperscopebecomeswhenyoucombinetwoormorescopestogether.
4)WhatisDNS?
DNSmeanDomainNamingServiceanditisusedforresolvingIPaddressestonameandnamestoIP
address.DNSislikeatranslatorforcomputers,computersunderstandthenumberandnotthealphabet.For
example,ifwetypelikehotmail.com,thecomputerdontunderstandthissotheyuseDNSwhichconverts
(hotmail.com)into(numbers)andthenexecutesthecommand.
5)WhatisforwardandreverselookupinDNS?
WhenweconvertIPaddressintonamesiscalledReverselookup,whileconvertingnamesintoIPaddressis
calledForwardlookup.
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6)WhatisArecordandwhatisMXrecord?
Arecordisalsoknownashostrecord,andithasabilitytomaptheIPaddressbyname.Itiswiththisrecord
thatDNScanfindouttheIPaddressofaname.While,MXrecordalsoknownasmailexchangerrecord,by
thehelpofMXrecord,locationofthemailserverisidentified.TherecordisalsofoundinDNS.
7)WhatisIPCONFIGcommand?
IPCONFIGcommandisusedtodisplaytheIPinformationofthecomputerassignedlikeDNSIPaddressand
gatewayIPaddress.
8)Whatwouldyouusetoconnecttwocomputerswithoutusingswitches?
Crosscablesareusedtoconnecttwocomputerswithoutusingswitches.
9)Whatisadomain?
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Domainisasetofcomputerswhichnetworkrecognizesbytheinternet.Itcanbeusedbycentrallyadminister
computers.Itiscreatedwhenyouinstallactivedirectory.
10)Tellmeifyoursystemisinfectedbyavirushowyouwillrecoverthedata?
Youneedtoreinstallanothersystem,latestantivirussoftwareandanO.Swithlatestpatches.Beforeyou
startyoursystem,connecttheinfectedHDDasasecondarydrivethenscanandcleantheinfectedharddrive.
Oncedone,youcancopythefilesintothesystem.
11)Whatistheoperatingsystem?
Operatingsystemactsasaninterpreterbetweencomputerapplicationandhardware.Itworksasanuser
interface.
12)WhatarethetypesofoperatingsystemorO.S?
Thetwotypesofoperatingsystemsare:
NOS:NetworkOperatingSystem.ExamplesofNOSWindowsNT,2000,2003
SOS:SimpleOperatingSystem.ExamplesofSOSWindows95,98,ME
13)ExplainaboutRASserver?
RASmeansRemoteAccessServer.Itallowsoperatingthetoolorinformationthattypicallyresidesona
networkorITdevicesthroughcombinationofhardwareandsoftware,forexampleconnectingtoprinterorfile.It
isusuallyusedformobileuserswhoareinthenetwork.Itusestelephonelinetoprovideconnectivitytoits
users.Itcanalsoconnecttwoormorethantwoofficesinthenetwork.
14)ExplainaboutVPNserver?
VPNmeansVirtualPrivateNetwork.Itisaprivatecommunicationsnetworkoftenusedbycompaniesor
organizationstocommunicateconfidentiallyoverapublicnetwork.Thisisusedbythemobileusersinthe
network.
15)WhatisthedifferencebetweenRASandVPNserver?
RASistrulyalocalareaconnectionbetweentwoconnectionswhereas,VPNisalocalconnectionspreadover
largearea.
16)WhatisIASserver?
IASmeansInternetAuthenticationService.Formanytypesofnetworkaccesslikewireless,authenticating
switchandremoteaccessdialuptheyperformaccountingandauditing,centralizedconnectionauthentication
andauthorization.
17)WhatisPingcommand?

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Betweentwoormoredevices,tocheckthephysicalIPconnectivityPingcommandisused.
18)Whatdoyoumeanbyclustering?Whatarethebenefits?
Whenoneormorecomputersworktogetherasasinglesystembysharingtheirresourcesisknownas
clustering.Thebenefitsofclusteringarethatitreducestheloadononesinglesystembysharingtheloadalso
itisusedforredundancyoftheservices.
19)Whatisagroup?
Groupisacollectionoftheuseraccount.Itprovidesthesimplifiedadministrationinthenetwork.
20)Whatisachilddomain?
AchilddomainisthememberdomainofWindows2000ActiveDirectory.
21)Whatarethebenefitsofachilddomain?
Benefitsofchilddomainare:
Lownetworktraffic
Lowadministrativeoverhead
Securityboundary
22)WhatisOU?
OUmeansforOrganizationalUnit.ItisacontainerwithinActiveDirectorywhichcanholdusers,groupsand
computers.Itisthesmallestunitonwhichadministratorcanassigngrouppolicysettings.
23)Explaingrouppolicy?
Grouppolicyprovidesthestreamlineaccesstoalltheusersinthenetwork,itcanbeusedtodefinetheusers
securityandnetworkingpolicies.Bygrouppolicyyoucankeepcontrolovercertainfunctionlikenotallowing
theuserstoshutdownthesystemorusingthecontrolpanelorrunningthecommand.Grouppolicyis
applicableonactivedirectorycontainerlikeOU,siteandDomain.
24)Whatisthedifferencebetweenpermission,rightsandpolicy?
Policyisassignedonactivedirectory,likesite,domainandOU.TheRightsareassigntousersandgroups,
whereas,thePermissionisassignedfornetworkresourceslikefile,foldersandprinters.
25)WhatisDCandADCstandsfor?
DCstandsfordomaincontrollerandADCstandsforadditionaldomaincontroller.
ADCisabackupofdomaincontroller.Domaincontrollerisaserverthatchecksthesecuritymeasureslike
userid,password.
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26)WhatisthedifferencebetweenDC(Domaincontroller)andADC(AdditionalDomainController)?

Thereisonedifferencebetweendomaincontrollerandadditionaldomaincontroller,onDCallfiveoperational
rolesareavailablewhileinADConlythreeoperationalroleisavailable.
27)WhataretheoperationalrolesforDC(Domaincontroller)andADC(AdditionalDomain
Controller)?
OperationalrolesforDC(Domaincontroller)are:
DomainNamingMaster
SchemaMaster
RIDMaster
PDCEmulator
InfrastructureMaster
OperationalrolesforADC(AdditionalDomainController)are:
PDCEmulator
RIDMaster
InfrastructureMaster
28)WhatisaDefaultGateway?
DefaultgatewayistheIPaddressoftherouterinthenetwork.Inanycase,iftheuserswantstoswitchonto
anothernetwork,oriftheycannotlocatetheirparticularnetworkthantheirquerywillbeforwardedtodefault
gateway.
29)Howyoucantakebackupofemailsinmsoutlook?
Totakeabackupinthemsoutlook,youhavetogoincontrolpanel.Incontrolpanelyouhavetogoundermail
optionandthenopenthedatafile,selectpersonalfolderandclickonopenfolder.Afterthat,youhavetocopy
.pstandhavetopasteitwhereveryouwantthebackup.
30)Whatistrustingdomainandtrusteddomain?
Intrustingdomainresourcesareavailable,whileintrusteddomainusersaccountisavailable.
31)WhatisBUSspeed?
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TherateofcommunicationspeedbetweenmicroprocessorandRAMisknownasBUSspeed.
32)NametheActiveDirectoryPartitions?
Therearethreetypesofactivedirectorypartitions
Schemapartition
Configurationpartition
Domainpartition
33)WhatisFixboot?
Fixbootwriteanewpartitionbootsectorontothesystempartition.
34)Howmanylogicaldriveisitpossibletofitontoaphysicaldisk?
Themaximumnumberofthelogicaldrivethatcanfitonaphysicaldiskis24,whiletheextendedpartitioncan
onlyhave23logicaldrives.
35)WhatisBRouter?
BroutermeansBridgerouter.Toprovidecommunicationbetweentwoormoredifferentnetworklikecomputer
tocomputerorcomputertointernet,BRouterisused.
36)WhatisthemajordifferenceyoucanmentionaboutGatewayandRouter?
Gatewayworksondifferentnetworkarchitectureandrouterworksonsamenetworkarchitecture.
37)Whatispacket?
Apacketisalogicalgroupingofinformationthatcomprisesaheaderwhichcontainsuserdataandlocation
information.
38)WhatisSCSI?
SCSIstandsforSmallComputerSystemInterface.Itisastandardelectronicinterfacethatallowspersonal
computerstocommunicatewithperipheralhardwaresuchasdiskdrives,tapedrives,printers,CDROM
drives.InSCSItherateofdatatransmissionisfast.
39)HowmanyclassesarethereforIPaddressesandwhataretheranges?
Theyaresegregatedintofiveclasses
1.ClassA===0126(127isreservedforloopback)
2.ClassB====128191
3.ClassC====192223
4.ClassD====224239
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5.ClassE====240255
40)ExplainthetermFIXMBR?
FIXMBRitisarepairtool.ItrepairstheMasterbootrecordofthePartitionBootSector.
41)ExplainthetermSID?
SIDstandsforSecurityIdentifier.EverycomputerobjecthasauniqueIDwhichisknownasSID.
42)Whatisthedifferencebetweenincrementalbackupanddifferentialbackup?
Inincrementalbackuponlyincrementalpartsarebackupandnotthefullbackup,whileindifferentialbackup
wetakefullbackupafterthenormalbackup.
43)WhatisthedifferencebetweenserverOSanddesktopOS?
ServerOSgivescentralizedadministrationforusers,sharedresourcesandsecuritywhiledesktopOSgives
accesstoonlylocaladministration.
44)WhatisthedifferencebetweentheMSIfileand.EXEfile?
MSI(MicrosoftInstaller)allowsinstall,uninstallandrepairtheprogramwithasinglefile,while.EXEfileneeds
twofilestoinstallanduninstallthesoftware.Also,.EXEfileisabletodetecttheexistingversionofthesoftware
andgiveoptiontousertouninstalltheprogramwhileMSIwillinstructtheuserstousetheaddandremove
programincontrolpaneltoremovetheexistingproductfirstandthenyoucaninstallthenewprogram.
45)WhatisBSOD?Howdoyoutroubleshootit?
BSODstandsforbluescreenofdeath.WhenthereissomefaultinOSorhardwarethenWindowscantrunthe
programandgivesabluescreenwithacode.Toresolvethisproblemthebestwayistorebootthesystem.If
itdoesntworkthanbootthesysteminthesafemode.
46)WhatisPTR(ProgramTroubeRecord)record?
ThisprogramrecordisusedtocheckiftheservernameisconnectedwiththeIPaddress,itisexactlyopposite
totheArecord.Thisrecordisbasicallycreatedinreverselookupzone,soitisalsoknownasReverseDNS
recordsorpointerrecord.
PTRrecord=GivemeanIPaddressandIwillgiveyouthename
Arecord=GivemethenameandIwillgiveyoutheIPaddress
47)Whatisreservation?
BasicallythetermReservationisusedinDHCPserver.Somenetworkequipmentorcomputersystemneeds
aspecificIPaddress,insuchcasewemakeareservationinDHCPserverforthatparticularcomputer
system.BycreatingreservationitgivesaccesstothatparticularIPaddressandatthesametimeprevents
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othercomputersystemtousethatIPaddress.
48)WhatisSMTPserverorPOPserver?
SMTPstandsforsimplemailtransferprotocol.Itisbasicallyusedforsendingandreceivingthemail,whereas,
POPstandsforpostofficeprotocolitisusedformailreceivingpurposeinthenetwork.
49)WhatisRISandwhyyouuseRIS?
RISstandsforremoteinstallationservices.ItisusedtoinstallimagefromaWindowservertoanew
hardware.WeuseRISbecauseinstallingOSeverytimeusingaCDwouldbemoretimeconsuming.
50)WhatisBootloader?
Bootloaderfacilitatestheloadingofoperatingsystemonthesystem.Itenablesthebootingprocessandgives
OSoptiontotheuserswhilestartingthesystem.

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