Kori Baskin and Zariah Bridges

Mrs. Lott
NGS
23- February 2016

Sludge Test
Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to assess if we can separate and
identify the different substances inside a mixture

Materials:

2 Graduated Cylinders

Funnel

Flask

Alcohol Burner

Alcohol Stand

Rubber Tube

Ice Bath

Timer

Filter Paper

Squeeze Bottle

Pencil

Pen

Water dropper

Evaporating Dish

Watch

Thermometer

Glass

Test Tube(s)

Ruler

Calculator

Electronic Balance

Goggles

Chromatography Paper

Test Tube Rack

Electronic Balance

Scoopula

Procedures:
Part A
1. Get the mass of the sludge
2. Record in the data table

Part B

3. Place the filter paper inside the funnel

4. Place the funnel inside the graduated cylinder
5. Spray the water from the squeeze bottle on the filer paper
6. Filter the mixture; pure the mixture into the funnel
7. Be sure that the solid and liquid is completely separated

Part C

8. Mass the watch glass and the evaporating dish

9. Pour the solute (sand) into the evaporating dish

10.
Place the evaporating equipment on top of the alcohol burner
and start the fire
11.

Stop when the sand is completely dry

Part D

12.

Gather the materials

13.
Take the chromatography paper; draw a line across the bottom
(in pencil)
14.
Dip he tip of the scoopula into the substance and make a dot
on the line
15.

Place the tip of the paper into the water bath

16.

Wait for the substance to separate; wait until dry

17.

Then calculate the Rf value

Part E

18.
Pour the substance into the big test tube; put rubber stopper
on top
19.

Prepare the rubber tubing and ice bath

20.
Light the alcohol burner; record the temperature every 30
seconds
21.

Create the boiling point graph

Part F

22.

Fractional Distillation; pour substance into big test tube

23.

Place rubber tubing into test tube (a); light alcohol burner

24.
Record temperature every 30 seconds switch to test tube (b)
and (c) when plateaus occur
25.

Repeat for each fraction

26.

Stop when all substances are gone

Part G

27.

Record the colors of each fraction in the data table

28.
Waft each fraction to determine a smell ( none, strong, or
medium)
29.
Take the lighter; put a flame to a piece of paper to see if
each fraction is flammable
30.

Dip the paper the in each fraction

31.

Blow out the flame if the substance is flammable

32.

Calculate the density for each fraction

33.

Record the boiling point of each fraction

34.

Take sugar to see if the fractions are soluble

35.

Record all information in the data table

Data Tables

Boiling Point

Time

Temp.

Time

Temp.

0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
19.5
20.0
20.5
21.0
21.5
22.0
22.5
23.0

25
27
29
31
34
39
41
39
39
39
61
73
75
75
75
75
75
76
77
79
86
90
92
92
92
92
93
94

9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
17.5
23.5
24.0
24.5
25.0
25.5
26.0
26.5
27.0
27.5
28.0
28.5

75
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
77
77
74
94
94
94
94
94

Chromatography

Color

clear
blue
None
None

Distance
Solute
Traveled
1.5
4.4
None
None

Fractional Distillation

Distance
Solvent
Traveled
5.2
5.2
None
None

Rf

.3
.85
None
None

Time
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
18
18.5
19

Fractio
n 1
27
29
34
39
43
48
73
75
77
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
77
94
94
94

Fractio
n 2

Fractio
n 3
31
31
37
39
50

Time
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
19.5
20
20.5

Fractio
n 1
79

Fractio
n 2

Fractio
n 3

83
88
91
92
92.9
93
93
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94

Characteristic Property

Odor
Flammability
Density
Boiling
Point
Solubility
Color

Observations

Mixture
Strong
Alcohol
Yes
236.66/126
1.88 g/ml
76 and 94
yes
Original
blue foggy

Fraction 1
Medium
Alcohol
yes
.25 g/ml

Fraction 2
Low Alcohol

Fraction 3
None

no
.47

No
1.00

76

94

no
Clear blue
lining

Little foggy

yes

100
yes
clear

Mixture boils fast

Mixture is blue
We have alcohol in our mixture
Blue
Strong alcohol smell
Has sugar at the bottom
Sand inside (not solubility)0

Calculations
236.66g/126mL=1.88g/mL
1.24g/5mL=0.25g/mL
2.38/5mL=0.476g/mL

Conclusion
In this lab we had a sludge that we had to separate without any
of the teachers help. We conducted an experiment using fractional
distillation, boiling point, and chromatography. We first filtered the
sludge because at the bottom it was sand. After we filtered the sludge
we boiled the mixture and recorded the temperature every 30 seconds.
The two temperatures we got at a boiling point for the mixture were 94
degrees Celsius and 76 degrees Celsius. The data means that we got two
substances in our sludge with blue food coloring. The next day we did
fractional distillation. We only got two substances that were
separated from the mixture. We then tested the characteristic
properties of the fractions.
This lab helps us as a class to know what type experiment to
conduct in any circumstance. We know what to do to separate substances
and solids. My group did accomplish our purpose. We separated each
substance and solid from our sludge. We also identified each substance
in our sludge. Our substance that we had in our sludge was Water and
Isopropanol Alcohol. We determined this by looking at the boiling
point and solubility of each fraction.
We had a lot of improvements we could make. I believe we
calculated density wrong. We could work on our density calculations
and accuracy. Our group did not conduct chromatography because of time
management. We also need to work on managing our time and getting our
data organized.