+

*Endocrine System
Part 2
Bio 30

Review:
Hormones affecting Blood Sugar

Using your notes:

List

2 hormones that affect blood sugar.

How

Do

do they affect blood sugar levels?

they increase or decrease blood sugar

levels?

Did you know stress is

controlled by a hormone?
The

nervous system and adrenal medulla are

linked by the fact that they both produce
epinephrine

Can stress actually kill you?

ASAP science:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzrjEP5MOT4

Hormones that Affect Blood Sugar

Section 15.2
Blood

sugar levels controlled by:

Pancreas
Also secretes digestive enzymes
2. Adrenal Glands
Also regulates kidney function
1.

+ Adrenal Glands
Two

parts:

medulla (inner gland stimulated by nervous system)

cortex (outer casing stimulated by hormones)
Draw and label it!

+ Adrenal Medulla
produces

epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) when stimulated by the

sympathetic nervous system during times of stress

Hormones

are released into blood causing:

Blood sugar levels to rise glycogen converted to glucose

Which increases cell metabolism
Increase heart rate
Increase breathing rate
Blood vessels dilate more oxygen!
Eyes dilate more light!

Short term and long term stress

(p. 481)
Your

body identifies stressful

situations and uses two response
systems
Short-term

response
Long-term response

Short term and long term stress

(p. 481)
Short-term

response:
hypothalamus sends signal to spinal cord
relays signal to adrenal medulla to release
epinephrine and norepinephrine

Short term and long term stress

(p. 481)
Long-term

response:
Hypothalamus sends releasing hormone to
pituitary
Pituitary secretes ACTH
ACTH is carried by blood to adrenal cortex
Adrenal cortex secrete mineralocorticoids
and glucocorticoids

+ Adrenal Cortex
Produces

3 steroid hormones (fat soluble)

Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and
some sex hormones

1.

Glucocorticoids: related to blood sugar

An example glucocorticoid you should
know: Cortisol increases the level of
amino acids in the blood which are turned to
sugar to provide energy, aids recovery in
times of stress

+ Adrenal Cortex
2.

Mineralocorticoids: regulate blood

volume, pressure and concentration of solutes
An example mineralocorticoid you
should know Aldosterone increase
sodium retention and water reabsorption by
the kidney
3. Sex hormones next chapter

Draw it!

Prostaglandins

These are hormones that are created in response to a

physical stress on the body.

Virtually all cells produce them

generally diffuse only a short distance to act on cells

within that tissue they act on the cells that
produce them!

When you are injured they create inflammation

(swelling)

Stimulates platelets to form clots on damaged blood

vessels

Aspirin: counteracts with prostaglandins--- blocks

enzyme involved in prostaglandin production.

Long term stress

Both the endocrine system and nervous system act in

response to stress

Our bodies are adapted to cope with physical demands of

stress:
Example: Dangerous situations, athletic competitions

It is more difficult to adjust to emotional or psychological

stress
More common today
Energy supply not always used
Prolonged exposure to high blood glucose, high blood
pressure, and elevated metabolic rate creates problems for
the body (p.495)

Assignment
Read

the chapter

Complete

Assignment Questions:

15.2

Be sure you are caught up, including 15.3!

+ Stress Project

You have won a competition to design a cover for SHAPE

magazine!

Stress is actually controlled by several hormones in your body.

There are positives and negatives to stress and it plays a big part
of our daily lives. You will get 1 period to finish this.

In a creative way you will show the following information:

How does stress affect epinephrine, cortisol, glucagon, and insulin?

What is the difference between long term and short term stress?
What techniques have been shown to reduce stress?
How does stress affect your heart?

You will need to make it colourful and interesting.

Due: Thursday, March 13

Colourful, neat, and complete

Information
Total

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