Rajasthan College

of Engineering for
Women

TOPIC :- SUBMARINE COMMUNICATION CABLE

SUBMITTED BY:- SUBMITTED TO:-

GEETANJALI MEENA Mrs.AMITA YADAV
3rd year –E&C
Section ‘B’
08ERCEW205
 SUBMARINE
COMMUNICATION
CABLES
A submarine communications cable is a cable laid
beneath the sea to carry telecommunications between
countries.
The first submarine communications cables carried
telegraphy traffic. All modern cables use optical fiber
technology to carry digital payloads, which are then used
to carry telephone traffic as well as Internet and private
data traffic.
they are typically 69 millimeters (2.7 in) in diameter
and weigh around 10 kilograms per meter, although
thinner and lighter cables are used for deep-water
sections.
Modern submarine cables rely on property
of pure glass fibers, whereby light is
transmitted by internal reflection.
Because the light signal losses strength in
the route, repeaters are installed along the
cable to boost the signal.
In 1956 :-first TAT initial had capacity of 36
telephone calls at a time ,calls costing US$12
for first 3 minutes.
Today each fiber pair within a cable has the
capacity to carry digitized information
(including video)that is equivalent to
150,000,000 simultaneous phone calls
CONSTRUCTION
Transatlantic cables of the 19th century
consisted of an outer layer of iron and later
steel wire, wrapping India rubber, wrapping
gutta-percha, which surrounded a multi-
stranded copper wire at the core.
In the 1980s, fiber optic cables
were developed. The first
transatlantic telephone cable to use
A cross section of a submarine
optical fiber was TAT-8, which went
communications cable.
into operation in 1988.
1 -polyethylene
The optic fiber used in undersea
2 - Mylar tape
cables is chosen for its exceptional
3 - Stranded steel wires
clarity, permitting runs of more than
4 – Aluminum water barrier
100 kilometers between repeaters to
5 - Polycarbonate
minimize the number of amplifiers
6 - Copper or aluminum tube
and the distortion they cause.
7 - Petroleum jelly
8 - Optical fibers
 CABLES & SATELLITE
High reliability , capacity &
security.
None of the delays present s in
satellite traffic.
Cost effective on major routes,
hence rate cheaper then satellites.
Submarine cables carry
>95% of international
voice &data traffic
YOUR TEXT HERE
Suitable for disaster prone areas.
Provides wide coverage for
mobile subscribers.
Suitable for linking isolated
regions and small island nations
into the international network.
Satellites carry < 5% of
international voice
and data traffic
Strategic Importance of submarine cables
 submarine cables are back bone of international telecommunication
market.
Almost 100% of trans oceanic internet traffic is sent via submarine
cables.
Many government now understand the value of submarine cables and
are taking stronger measures to protect them.
The reliability of submarine cables is high, especially when (as noted
above), multiple paths are available in the event of a cable break.
Also, the total carrying capacity of submarine cables is in the terabits
per second while satellites typically offer only megabits per second and
display higher latency.

NOTABLE EVENTS.
In July 2005, a portion of the SEA-ME-WE 3 became defective, disrupting
almost all of Pakistan's communications with the rest of the world, and affecting
approximately 10 million Internet users.
The 2008 submarine cable disruption was a series of cable outages, two of the
three Suez Canal cables, two disruptions in the Persian Gulf, and one in
Malaysia. It caused massive communications disruptions to India and the
Middle EAST.
THANK YOU!