Classifying Matter

Properties of Matter

Good
Morning

The Nature of Matter

Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.
The word matter comes from the Latin word materia,
meaning material or stuff

First we
need
Examples
of Matter
:

to ask . . .

What
is
matter?
You can observe matter easily with your senses . . .

rocks, trees, bicycles, air . . . Basically everything

and anything!

The only thing that wouldnt be matter would be

energy (sunlight, heat, electricity).
- no mass or volume so they cant be matter!

Elements, Molecules, and Compounds

Elements and compounds make up all the different kinds
of matter in the universe.

Elements are the simplest form of matter

Cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Six elements
make up: 99% of all living matter!
Examples
of
Elements
Each element is made of atoms of the same type.

Nitrogen
Sulfur
gold
aluminum
Each has a unique
set of physical and chemical
Potassium
Carbon
silverproperties.
nitrogen
Oxygen
Hydrogen
known elements
117
oxygen
tin in the universe.

are found naturally on Earth.

Approximately
hydrogen
92calcium

Compounds, Molecules, and Elements

Compounds are two or more elements combined
chemically together.

Properties are different from the properties of the

elements that make them up.

Elements in a compound have a fixed ratio.

Example:
Most Na
matter
is
in the
H +
O
Cluniverse
2
= Water
Salt
+in the
form of(chlorine)
compounds!
(oxygen)
(hydrogen)
(Sodium)
Explosive
Soft metal
explodes
gas in
H 20

Explosive
Poisonous
gas gas
greenish

Molecules, Elements, and Compounds

When two or more atoms combine, they form a
molecule.

Most molecules are made of two or more atoms

A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance

with the same properties of the substance.

NOTE: Compounds are different

than molecules because
compound is used to
describe the substance in
general, while molecule
describes the smallest
particle of the substance.

Mixtures, Solutions, and Suspensions

A mixture is a combination of two or more
substances NOT combined chemically.
May be a mixture of
both elements and
compounds

Substances keep their

unique properties and
can be separated by
physical means.

Mixtures, Solutions, and Suspensions

There are two types of mixtures . . .
Heterogeneous the parts of the
mixture are noticeably different
from one another.

Homogeneous the parts (substances)

are evenly distributed. It is difficult to
tell one substance from another.

Solutions, and Suspensions and Colloids

A solution is a mixture that looks like a single
substance and has the same properties
throughout.

Solute ~

The substance that dissolves in a

solution.

Solvent ~ The substance into which the

solute dissolves.

Solutions, and Suspensions and Colloids

A colloid is a mixture that contains both small particles
in solution and larger particles in suspension.
Colloids do not
separate into layers.
Colloids, like
suspensions scatter
light.
Milk is an example of a colloid.

In a suspension components are

dispersed, but large enough to see and
settle out.

Physical Properties

Properties of Matter

Physical Properties
Physical property is a property that can be
observed without changing the identity of the
substance.
Examples:

viscosity
conductivity
malleability
hardness
magnetism

melting point
boiling point
density
color

Examples of Physical Properties

Viscosity of a substance is
its resistance to flow.
Examples:

Conductivity is a materials
ability to allow heat to flow.
Examples: metal = high conductivity
wood = poor conductivity

water = low viscosity

honey = high viscosity

Examples of Physical Properties

Malleability of a substance is
its ability to be hammered into a
thin sheet
Melting and Boiling points are the
temperatures at which a solid becomes
a liquid and a liquid becomes a gas.
Density of a substance is the
ratio of its mass compared to its
volume.

Physical Properties to separate mixtures

Two common separation methods:
Filtration process that
separates materials based
on the size of their
particles.
Distillation process that
separates the substances
in a solution based on
their boiling points.

Physical Change
A change in the appearance, without changing
the composition of the material.
be reversible
, or irreversible
It is aCan
physical
change
if . . .

Substance may seem different, but the

the atoms
link upor
is size
the same.
way
It
shape
dissolves.
Orchanges
the
substance
changes
phase.

Chemical Properties

Properties of Matter

Chemical Properties
Chemical property is any ability to produce a
change in the composition of matter.
Examples of chemical properties . . .

flammability

reactivity

Materials ability
to burn in the
presence of
oxygen.

How readily a
substance combines
chemically with other
substances.

Chemical Changes
Chemical changes occur when a substance
reacts and forms one or more new
substances.
You know a chemical change has occurred
when . . .
A change in color.
Production of a gas.
Formation of a precipitate.

What kind of change is it?

physical

What kind of change is it?

chemical

What kind of change is it?

physical

What kind of change is it?

physical

What kind of change is it?

chemical

What kind of change is it?

physical

Thank
you