Color Effects of White Fluorescent Lamps

Cool
white

Deluxe
cool
white
White

Warm
white

Neutral
to
moderat
ely cool
Orange,
yellow,
blue

Colors
greyed

Red

Remarks

Blends
with
natural
daylight

Appearanc
e on
neutral
shades
Effect on
atmospher
e
Colors
strengthen
ed

White

Dayligh
t

White

Yellowish
white

Deluxe
warm
white
Yellowis
h white

Soft
white
natural
Pinkish
white

Bluish
white

Pale
yellowish
white

Neutral
to
moderat
ely cool
All nearly
equal

Warm

Warm

Very
cool

Moderat
ely warm

Warm,
pinkish

Orange,
yellow

Green,
blue

Orange,
yellow

Red,
orange

None
apprecia
bly
Best
overall
color
rendition
;
simulate
s natural
daylight

Red,
green,
blue
Blends
with
incandesce
nt light

Red,
orange,
yellow,
green
Blue

Red,
orange

Green,
blue

Excellen
t color
renditio
n;
simulat
es inc.
light

Usually
replace
able
with
CW

Red,
green,
blue
Usually
replacea
ble with
CW or
WW

Usually
replace
able
with
CWX or
WWX

Color Effects of Mercury & Filament Lamps

Mercury
Appearanc
e on
neutral
shades
Effect on
atmospher
e
Colors
strengthen
ed
Colors
greyed
Remarks

Greenish
blue white

Very cool,
greenish
Yellow,
green, blue
Red, orange
Poor overall
color
rendering

White
mercury
Greenish
white

Color-improved
mercury
Yellowish white

Deluxe white
mercury
White

Filament

Moderately
cool,
greenish
Yellow,
green,
blue
Red,
orange
-

Warm,
yellowish

Moderately
cool

Warm

Yellow, green

Orange, yellow,
blue

Red, orange,
yellow

Blue

Green

Blue

Color rendering
often
acceptable but
not equal to
any white

Color rendering
good;
compares
favorably with
CWX fluorecent

Excellent
color
rendering

Yellowish
white

fluorescent

Recommended Lamps for Various Tasks & Locations

Place
Art studios, art classes, etc.
Apparel shops (sport/daytime
wear)
Apparel shops (evening wear)
Barber & beauty shops
Bowling alleys

Lamp
CWX
CWX

Place
General work areas
Hardware stores

Lamp
CW
CWX

WWX
WWX
CW

WWX
WWX
WWX

Color inspection & grading

Classrooms

CWX
CW

Homes & apartments

Hotel, motel, guest rooms
Intimate areas (lounges,
restaurants, residential areas,
etc.)
Jewelry stores
Private offices

Delicatessens
Drugstores

CWX
CWX

Florists
General office areas

CWX
CW

Shoe stores
Supermarkets, groceries,
meat markets
Variety stores

CWX
CWX
or
WWX
WWX
CWX
CWX

Typical Colors & Effects on Humans

COLOR

REACTION

SENSORS

Feeling

Pleasing odor

Pink

TEMPERAT
URE
Slightly
warm
Warm

Soft

Reddish pink
Scarlet
Red

Warm
Very warm
Warm

Reddish-orange
Orange
Yellowish-orange
Yellow
Pale yellow

Warm
Warm
Warm
Warm
Warm

Slightly stimulating
Stimulating, exciting
Stimulating, exciting,
calm/protective
Stimulating, exciting, cheerful
Stimulating, exciting, cheerful
Exciting, cheerful, comfort
Exciting, cheerful, comfort
Cheerful, softness, comfort

Greenish yellow

Calm, neutral

Good/bad taste

Green

Slightly
warm
Slightly
warm
Cool

Plasing odor &

taste
Pleasing taste
Pleasing to
appetite
Pleasing taste
Pleasing taste
Pleasing taste
Pleasing taste
Pleasing taste &
odor
Bad taste

Bluish-green
Blue

Cool
Cool

Pleasing,
refreshing odor
Good taste
Bad taste

Pale blue

Cool

Lavender

Slightly cool

Slightly cheerful, comfort,

calm
Calming
Comfort, protective, calm,
slightly depressing
Soft, calm, neutral tendency,
makes skin appear pale
Calm, soft

Violet
Royal blue

Slightly
warm
-

Purple

Rich, substantial, slightly

depressing with dark colors
Protective, calm, depressing

Hot pink
(yellowish)
Rose (bluish)
Fluorescent
orange

Very warm

Stimulating, exciting, cheerful

Neutral
Warm

Fluorescent red

Warm

Reddish-brown

Warm

Brown

Warm

Olive

Warm

Comfort, calm
Stimulating, exciting,
cheerful, extremely
conspicuous
Stimulating, exciting,
cheerful, extremely
conspicuous
Comfortable, cheerful,
slightly stimulating
Comfortable, rich,
substantial, protactive,
slightly depressing
Comfortable, slightly
depressing,

Pale pink

Yellowish green

Calm

Pleasing odor,
bad taste
Bad taste
Bad taste
Pleasing odor,
bad taste

Pleasing odor

Bad taste

Fluorescent
yellow
Chartreuse

Warm

Cream
Buff

Slightly
warm
Warm

Tan

Warm

White

Neutral

Off-white
Light grey

Neutral
Neutral

Grey
Dark grey

Neutral
Neutral

Flat black

Neutral

Deep black

Gold/brass

Warm

Silver/aluminium

Neutral

Light wood grain

Dark wood grain

Warm
Warm

Light leather
grain
Dark leather
grain

Warm

Slightly
warm

Warm

Stimulating, slightly irritating,

cheerful
Cheerful

Comfort, calm, clean,

enhances skin tone
Comfort, calm, soft, good
blend with other colors
Very comfort, good blend
with other colors
Sterile, clean, fresh, stark,
crisp, may appear harsh,
glaring
Clean, fresh
Clean, fresh, calm, soft,
comfort
Comfort, calm, slightly hard
Comfort, may be depressing,
subtantial, heavy, advances
toward the observer
Solid, heavy, comfort,
impression being dirty,
vagueness, advances toward
the observer, recedes
Protective, depressing,
heavy, substantial, advances
toward the observer in small
amounts, may recede in large
amounts
Rich, comfort, slightly
advancing
Cold, hard, clean, stiff,
uncomfort, sterile, lifeless,
recedes
Comfort, quiet
Comfort, quiet, protective,
slightly depressing
Comfort, cheerful, soft
Comfort, protective, soft,
slightly depressing,
advancing

Bad taste

Behavioral Expectances - Changes in Age Groups

Age
9 mon
10 mon
12 mon

15 mon

18 mon

21 mon

2y

2,5 y

Desc
Sits alone
Use thumb opposition in seizing cube
Makes locomotive reaction in prone position
Pulls self to standing position
Crawls for toys
Stands with support
Creeps/hitches along
Walks with help
Shows a preference for one hand on reaching
Scribbles imitatively with crayon
Has acquired a fairly mature pattern of reaching
Can use a hand
Can pull off socks, shoes, caps, & mittens
Can hold pencil or crayon
Interested in self-feeding
Stands alone
Walks alone
Can grasp spoon & insert in dish
Uses toys more
Throws & picks up objects & throws them again
Puts toys in & takes them out of receptacies
Destructive in play with toys due to poor muscle coordination
Climbs stairs or chair
Throws ball into box
Scribble spontaneously & vigorously
Tries to put on clothes
Wants to bathe self, brush hair, & use a toothbrush
Pulls toys, carries & hugs a doll/stuffed animal
Imitates adult activities (i.e. reading)
Actively gets into everything
Walks attended on street
Walks backward
Differs between stroking scribbles & circular scribbles
Play is solitary
Feels, pats, & pounds toys
Strings wooden beads & pulls the in & takes them out of holes
Transports blocks of wagons rather than building with them
Imitates activities of persons in the environment
Runs
Piles a tower of 6 blocks with good coordination
Imitates vertical & horizontal strokes
Plays simple catch & toss with ball
Can operate a kiddie car around a chair
Can remove all garments unless buttoned in back
Can open boxes, unscrew lids from bottles & jars, turn leaves
of books, insert pegs in a pegboard, string beads, & use
scissors
Tends to use one hand more than the other
Makes deliberate swimming movements & tends to remain in
prone position in water
Goes up & down stairs alone
Piles 7-8 blocks with coordination
Tries to stand on one foot
Copies vertical lines

3y

4y

5y

6-12 y

12-14 y

17-21 y

Draws circle from copy

Creases a piece of paper neatly
Aligns a card to an edge
Can feed self with a fork & spread butter with a nice
Most vulnerable to accidents (most occur in home, Thur-Sat)
Draws from copy
Traces diamond path
Hand preference established between ages 4-6
Can ascend & descend ladders
Can learn tricycling, jumping rope, balancing on a rail or top of
wail, roller skating, ice skating, & dancing
Perception of short disances similar to adult
Ability to perceive differences in from increases gradually ages
2-6
Draws triangles from copy
Draws prism from copy
Proficient in throwing & catching balls, can make recognizable
letters (writing slow & laborious) age 5-6
Can select medium-sized objects from a group of small,
medium-sized, & large objects. Concept of roundedness is well
established
Able to estimate weights of different objects with fair accuracy
Can tell difference between 3-15gr weight when they are
same size
Can handle all garment fasteners in any way
Should be able to bathe self, dress, tie shoes, & comb hair
Can use tools to make simple objects like boats & wagons
Nursery-school & kindergarten children can use scissors in
following picture outlines, model with clay, make cookies, sew,
paint, crayon, paste, copy simple geometric figures, & help
with simple household tasks such as carrying glasses &
pitchers of milk without spilling
Can roller-skate, ice-skate, swim, dive, ride a bicycle, & keep
time to music by skipping or dancing
Handedness is established with guidance
Concept of space defined
School arithmetic helps formulate more definite ideas of space
& distance
Time of rapid physical change, leading to confusion, feelings
of motor development compared to peers is extremely
important
Tbc

Behavioral Expectancies - Age groups toward safety

Age group
Infants & young
children
School-age children

Teenagers

Young adults

Persons in the early

& middle years of
adulthood
Older adults,
retirement age

The elderly

Desc
Great curiosity about everything
Anything new or unusual will motivate them to explore
Pressures to adjust to peer groups tend to make them
more cautious
That tempts them to take chances that result in more
serious accidents than younger children
Tend toward restlessness, social antagonism,
resistance to authority, erratic behavior, instability, &
often daring behavior
Motivated to make use of their newly acquired strength
Take more chances & attempt more daring &
demanding feats
More cautious
More oriented toward efficiency & cost effectiveness
Willing to take only well-calculated risks

Lowered efficiency of sensory organs

Reduced reaction speed
Increased physical handicaps
Less willing to take risks
Generally exercise greater caution
Move more slowly & cautiously when engagin in all
activities
Tend to lack patience
Unaware of obvious hazarrds
Expect others to 'look out' for them

Behavioral Expectancies - General

Unique Responses to the Individual's Location within a Space

People in auditoriums will not sit next to a side wall, especially if the wall is
very hig
People generally dislike sitting facing a wall that is too close, unless then can
look out a window
People generally prefer to sit in a position from which they can observe other
people
o But they don't like to sit so that they are directly observed by others (or
so they think they are)
People dislike having to face other people as they come out of a rest room
People coming into an auditorium from the rear will tend to take the back
seats, not those farther towards the front
o Similarly, they will take the seat nearest an aisle, rather than one
toward the center of a pew or row of seats
In a conference situation,

Behavioral Expectancies - Responses to Spatial Features