The Crusades Chart

First Crusade

Second Crusade

Third Crusade

Fourth Crusade

Dates/Range

1096-1099

1147-1149

1189-1192

1202-1204

Participants
(name and
description)

Soldiers brought along families, only a

fraction on the journey were knights.

French King Louis VII decided to

lead the 2nd Crusade. Conrad III
joined King Louis VII.

Saladin, ruler of Egypt,

united the Muslims and
started a Jihad against
Christians. 3 Kings
Richard I of England,
Philip Augustus of France,
Frederic I of the Holy
Roman Empire joined
forces to drive out the
infidels (Muslims). Duke
Leopold of Austria raised
his banners (standards) to
signal his victory, but
outraged by his
impudence, English
soldiers pulled down and
stomped on the banners.
Philip lost interest in the
Crusade and returned to
France with most of his
army. He began to plot
with Richards brother,
John, against Richard.

Pope Innocent III

persuaded an army of
European knights to attack
Egypt, the center of
Muslim power.
Dandola, Duke of Venice,
came up with a plan so the
army could reach Egypt
plan - attack Zara, a city in
Dalmatia, the whole army
of Crusaders was
excommunicated by Pope
Innocent III because Zara
was a Christian city and
the Pope didnt want it to
be attacked.

Alexius made knights swear loyalty to

him. Crusader knights and soldiers
defeated the Turks at the battle of
Dorylaeum. He also sent envoys to Pope
Urban II to request military support.
Pope Urban II called all Christians to
take back the Holy Land and fight in the
name of Christianity.
Peter the Hermit recruited peasants and
poor citizens from France to fight. His
army passed through the Rhineland and
killed Jews living there. After landing in
Asia Minor, the army was attacked and
anyone who survived was sold into
slavery.
4 nobles Godfrey of Beouillon (wanted
to free the holy land) Raymond of
Toulouse, Robert of Normandy,
Bohemond of Sicily (other leaders
wanted power). Their armies were part of
the second group of Crusaders and they
reached Constantinople.
Crusaders besieged Nicaea (1st place
they attacked) and then Antioch. In

Muslim wanted to drive out the

Crusaders, sending them into
the sea. They also recaptured
Edessa.
Pope Eugenius III ordered
Bernard of Clairvaux to call a
Second Crusade, with a main
objective to reconquer Edessa.

Crusaders were also

persuaded to attack
Constantinople. Geoffroi
de Villeherdouin attacked
Constantinople. The
Crusades (European
knights) did not reach
Egypt)
The attack on
Constantinople further
strained relationships
between the Latin and

return, the Turks besieged the

Crusaders.

Greek Church

Some Crusaders left to raid villages.

June 7, 1099 the surviving Crusaders
camped outside of the Jerusalem wall.
July 5 they broke down the walls and
entered the city, massacring thousands
of Muslims and Jews. gained 500
miles of land, but had no way to protect it
against the Muslims. To strengthen their
control, they divided into four states
together known as Outremer with the
four nobles leading them. Crusaders
began to respect/develop relationships
with Muslims, and adopted their
customs.
A group of knights was sent to protect
Jerusalem.
Journey/Rout
e (include an
image)

Alexius sent travelers to Asia Minor

where they were massacred.
Crusaders besieged Nicaea (1st place
they attacked) and then Antioch. In
return, the Turks besieged the
Crusaders.

Crusaders occupied Outremer

for 50 years. Caravan attacked
by Turks, survivors go to Antioch.
French and German armies
attacked Damascus, eventually
inhabiting Jerusalem for 2 years.
After 2 years, the Crusaders
retreated to Edessa.

In 1187, Saladin captured

Jerusalem. Richard and
Philip Augustus came
together with their armies
at the port city of Acher.
The Muslims surrendered
after being sieged at
Acher. Crusades fought at
Jaffa, port of Jerusalem
(Saladin tore down the
city walls and destroyed
the harbor)

Army went to Venice to

pass into Egypt, but
couldnt. Sacked
Constantinople.

Reconquer Edessa

To gain power/take back

Pope Innocent called the

Battle at Dorylaeum
Summer of 1099 reached Jerusalem
Specific

To gain power/take back the holy land

Objective

(Jerusalem) to fight in the name of

Christianity; to (kill and/or convert)

Miscellaneou
s Information

Pope Urban II called on Christians to

protect their religion and to recapture the
Holy Land. On the way to recapture
Jerusalem, the Crusaders defeated the
Turks, killed Jews in the Rhineland, and
besieged Nicaea and Antioch.

French King Louis VII and

Conrad HI joined together to
recapture Edessa. They first
traveled to Antioch and were
disgusted that the Christians had
become close to the Muslims.
Then they went to Damascus, a
Muslim ally of the Christian
states, and attempted to attack,
but had to retreat. They went to
Jerusalem for two years and
finally returned home, with
Edessa still under Muslim
control.

the holy land (Jerusalem)

to fight in the name of
Christianity // drive out
infidels and spread
Christianity

Christians to attack Egypt,

the center of Muslim power

Saladin unites Muslims

together against
Christiansthey capture
Jerusalem in 1187.
Richard I of England,
Philip Augustus of France,
Frederick I of the Holy
Roman Empire join forces
to drive the Muslims out of
Jerusalem. Philip,
Richard, and their forces
successfully sieged Acre.
Saladin tore down the port
of Jaffa in order to prevent
the Christians from using
it. Richard signs a truce
with Saladin, stating that
Jerusalem was still in
Saladins control, but both
Muslims and Christians
could visit in safety. The
Christians also gave up
Palestine.

In 1204, Pope Innocent III

persuaded an army to
attack Egypt, the center of
Muslim power. Dandola
made an agreement with
the crusaders to attack
Zara in exchange for
cheaper sea fare. All of the
crusaders were
excommunicated by the
Pope. The Crusaders
attacked Constantinople.
They never made it to
Egypt but they set up a
feudal kingdom where they
were.

Outcomes
Positive:
- increased trade between Europe and eastern Mediterranean
- Introduced Europe to other cultures and made the culture more open-minded
- The crusaders were introduced to the luxuries of the East (Muslim & Byzantine Empires)
- Increased speed of economic changes, such as increase in commerce caused by need for new systems of money, banking,
and credit to replace the barter economy
- Shipping ports in Italy grew wealthy

Negative:
- failed to recapture the holy Land

Growing religious intolerance strains between Latin and Greek Christians, Christians and Muslims, and Christians and
Jews
Thousands of Muslims and Christians were massacred throughout the Crusades
Persecution of Jews in Europe Jews were ordered to convert to Christianity or die
o Had to wear yellow patches on their clothes & live in separate areas than Christians