Chapter- One

Classification
Functions

of Motor vehicles

of subunits in Motor Vehicle

Transmission

of Motion to Wheels

INTRODUCTION
Motor Vehicles used for transporting
goods

and/or passengers

fulfilling

specific operations on land.

Motor vehicles are supported by the ground,

compared with aircraft and

supported by air and water.

marine

are

Classification of Motor vehicles

Type of roads
Guided
Motor vehicles and Non-guided motor
vehicles
Guided Motor vehicles

Move along a fixed path (guide way), such as railway

vehicles

Non-guided motor vehicles

can move, by choice, in various directions on the

ground, such as road vehicles and off-road vehicles.

Classification of Motor vehicles

Running gear
Single-Track motor vehicles and Multi-Track motor vehicles

Single-Track motor vehicles

Motor vehicles with 2 wheels with or without sidecar.

Examples

Motorcycle - Any two-wheeled vehicle with or without

sidecar.

Moped - Motor cycle with pedals and a petrol engine of

low power.
motorcycle

Moped

Classification of Motor vehicles

Single-Track motor vehicles
Scooter - Light motor cycle, usually with small wheels, a low
seat and a metal shield protecting the driver's legs.
Scooter

Motorcycle with sidecar

Classification of Motor vehicles

Multi-Track motor vehicles

Motor vehicles with three or more wheels.

Saloon-car (sedan) - motor car where the area for

the driver and passengers is closed off from the

luggage and engine areas ( 3 box ).
Hatchback - car with a hatched back, doors hinged

at the top that opens( 2 box) .

3 wheels Motorcycle

Saloon-car (sedan)

Hatchback

Classification of Motor vehicles

Multi-Track motor vehicles

Motor vehicles with three or more wheels.

Pick - up (also Pick-up truck) - small van or truck,

used by builders, farmers & etc, for load carrying.

Van - covered vehicle,

for transporting

goods or

people.
Lorry (US Truck) - large strong motor vehicle for

transporting goods, soldiers, etc by road.

Pick - up (Pick-up truck)

Van

Lorry (US Truck)

Classification of Motor vehicles

Caterpillar tractor (off road vehicles)
Tractor fitted with the chain belt passing round the
wheels of a tractor enabling it to travel off road .

Classification of Motor vehicles

BUSES
Buses are used to transport people.
The capacity of buses is more for passengers and luggage.
Buses fall into one of the following categories, depending upon the use.

Microbus - The
passengers.

capacity of microbuses is approx.

25

City buses ( Urban buses ) : Designed and equipped for

driving regularly scheduled in-city and suburban routes.

Tour buses ( Long-distance coach ) : are designed to provide a

comfortable ride over long distances. Tour buses have large
luggage compartments from front to rear below the
passanger floor.

Classification of Motor vehicles

5) Buses

BUSES

Microbus

Tour bus

Articulated bus

Double-decker public bus

Classification of Motor vehicles

Transport Vehicles: Transport vehicles are further classified
According to the type of body:

General-purpose cargo trucks

: with an open drop-sided body used for

carrying bulk and packaged goods.

Special-purpose trucks

: with bodies adapted for a certain kind of

work, e.g. dump trucks with tiltable bodies used to carry viscous and bulk
materials, or with bodies specially adapted for transporting peat, cement,
mixed fodder, grain, cotton, cattle, gasoline, milk, etc.

According to the load capacity :

Extra-light duty trucks

: up to 0.75 t , built on the chassis of passenger

cars and used for deliveries of light loads in the communication and
communal services and in trade.

Light-duty vehicles : from 0.75 to 2.5 t , that work in trade, at industrial

enterprises and in agriculture, hauling light loads. They also serves as cargo
taxis.

Classification of Motor vehicles

According to the load capacity :
Medium-duty trucks : from 2.5 to 5.0 t , mostly

carrying loads for organizations and enterprises with a

moderate cargo traffic.
Heavy-duty trucks : from 5.0 t to 10.0 t , used on hard

surface roads for carrying building materials, fuel, and

products manufactured by large industrial enterprises.
Extra-heavy-duty vehicles : above 10.0 t , for work in

ore and coal mines and at big construction projects with

a large amount of steady cargo traffic. As a rule, these
vehicles are diverted from public highways.

Classification of Motor vehicles

Flat bed Truck

Transport Vehicles

Off-road deep Truck

Tractor-trailer rig

Dump Truck

ISO Classification
ISO3833 classifies ground vehicles in 7 groups:
Motorcycles
Passenger cars
Busses
Trucks
Agricultural tractors
Passenger cars with trailer
Truck trailer/semi trailer road trains

Classification of Motor vehicles

specific purpose Motor vehicles

Automobiles Systems
The basic systems / Parts of automobiles
Power source

Engine

Drive train

Clutch, gear Box, Shaft and Differential

Electrical System

Ignition, Starting Lighting and battery

Wheels and tires

Suspension System
Steering System
Braking System

Power Transmission
Mechanical energy is converted into Motion
Any Automobile consists of Power-train and Non

power-train components.
Power-Train components
Parts involved in the process of generating

power to converting it to Motion

Non Power-Train components

Parts like Body, Frame

Drive Train
Indicates the power flow of motor vehicle from

engine to driving wheels

The main components of drive train:
Engine-Clutch-Transmission-Driveshaft-Differential-

Wheels

Drive Train Configurations

Two wheels Drive (2WD)
Front engine rear wheel drive
Front engine front wheel drive

Engine & transmission cross mounted

Engine behind transmission

Engine in front of transmission

Rear engine rear wheel drive

Four wheel drive (4WD)

Drive Train
Configurations
Front engine rear wheel drive

Drive Train Configurations

Front engine front wheel drive
Engine & transmission cross mounted

Engine behind transmission

Drive Train Configurations

Front engine front wheel drive
Engine in front of transmission

Rear engine rear wheel drive

Drive Train Configurations

Four wheel drive
Transfer Case

Transmission

Characteristics of Ground Vehicle

The main objective of studying mechanics (Dynamics)

of Ground vehicle is to establish guiding principles for

Rational Development
Design
Selection of vehicles

In general, the characteristics of a ground vehicle may

be described in terms of its

Performance
Handling
Ride

Characteristics of Ground Vehicle

Performance Characteristics

Refers to the ability of the vehicle to accelerate, to

drawbar pull, to overcome obstacles and to decelerate

Handling Qualities

Are concerned with response of the vehicle to the

drivers commands and its ability to stabilize its motion
against external disturbances

Ride Characteristics

Are related to the vibration of the vehicle excited by

surface irregularities and its effects on passengers and
goods

The

Classification of Motor vehicles

Passenger car
Motor vehicle intended for carrying max 9
passengers with luggage.