i

CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES

iii

LIST OF FIGURES

iv

CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 2

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Project

1.2 Problem Statement

1.3 Objectives

1.4 Scopes of Study

1.5 Expected Result

1.6 Thesis Structure

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction

2.1 Thermodynamic Process

2.1.1 Ideal Brayton Cycle

2.2 Major Gas Turbine Components
2.2.1 Compressor

6
8
8

2.2.1.1 Centrifugal Compressor

2.2.1.2 Axial Compressor

10

2.2.2 Combustor
2.2.2.1 Combustor design
2.2.3 Turbine

11
11
13

2.2.3.1 Radial flow Turbine

13

2.2.3.2 Axial flow Turbine

14

2.4 Gas Turbine Fuel

15

2.4.1 Propane

15

2.4.2 Kerosene

16

ii
2.4.3 Ethanol

CHAPTER 3

16

2.5 International Standard Atmosphere

16

2.6 Compressor Pressure Ratio

17

METHODOLOGY

18

3.1 Methodology Description

18

3.2 Development Process

20

3.21 Configuration Selection

20

3.2.2 Gas Generator Components

21

3.2.2.1 Compressor and Turbine Selection

21

3.2.2.2 Power Turbine

22

3.2.2.3 Combustion Chamber Design

22

3.2.3 Auxiliary Systems

24

3.2.3.1 Starting System

24

3.2.3.2 Ignition System

25

3.2.3.3 Instrumentation

25

3.2.3.3.1 Temperature

25

3.2.3.3.2 Pressure

25

3.2.3.4 Lubricant and Cooling System

3.2 Performance Evaluation
3.2.1 Experiment Setup

26
27
27

REFERENCES

32

APPENDICES

34

GANTT CHART

35

iii

LIST OF TABLES
2.1

Mass flow rages suited to axial and centrifugal compressors

3.1

Specifications of Nissan 45V3 Turbocharger

21

iv

LIST OF FIGURES
2.1

T-s and P-v diagram for the ideal brayton cycle

2.2

Surge and chokepoint shown with a constant speed curve

2.3

Pressure and velocity through a centrifugal compressor

2.4

Location of rotors and stators

10

2.5

Can-type combustor

11

2.6

Cannular combustor

16

2.7

Annular combustor

13

3.1

Flow chart for the whole process in development of the micro gas turbine 19

3.2

Gas Turbine Configurations

20

3.3

Relative Torque vs. Output Rotational Speed

21

3.4

An illustrated of Holset H2B/C/D/E/S

22

3.5

Design of the flame tube

23

3.6

The outer chamber of combustor design

23

3.7

General configuration of a concentric cylinder combustion chamber

23

3.8

Schematic diagram of micro gas turbine

28

3.9

The temperature entropy diagram of twin-shaft gas turbine

28