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Azeotropic DataIII

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

Azeotropic DataIII

Compiled by Lee H . Horsley


The Dow Chemical Co.
Midland, Mich.

ADVANCES

IN

CHEMISTRY

SERIES

AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

WASHINGTON,

D.

C.

1973

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

116

ADCSAJ 116 1-628 (1973)

Copyright 1973
American Chemical Society
All Rights Reserved

Library of Congress Catalog Card 73-75991


ISBN 8412-0166-8
PRINTED I N T H E UNITED STATES O F AMERICA

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

Advances in Chemistry Series


Robert F . G o u l d , Editor

Advisory Board
Bernard D . Blaustein
Paul N . Craig
Ellis K . Fields
Louis Lykken
Egon Matijevi
Thomas J. Murphy
Robert W . Parry
Aaron A . Rosen
Charles N . Satterfield

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

FOREWORD
ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES was

founded in 1949 by

the

American Chemical Society as an outlet for symposia and col


lections of data in special areas of topical interest that could
not be accommodated in the Society's journals. It provides a
medium for symposia that would otherwise be fragmented,
their papers distributed among several journals or not pub
lished at all. Papers are referred critically according to ACS
editorial standards and receive the careful attention and proc
essing characteristic of ACS publications. Papers published
in ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES are original contributions

not published elsewhere in whole or major part and include


reports of research as well as reviews since symposia may em
brace both types of presentation.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

Table of Contents
PREFACE
LEE H. HORSLEY
1 Tables of Azeotropes and Nonazeotropes
Table I. Binary Systems
Table II. Ternary Systems
Table III. Quaternary Systems
Formula Index
Bibliography
2 Prediction of Azeotropism and Calculation of Azeotropic Data

ix-x
1-613
3
448
496
503
589
615-622

3 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Diagrams of Alcohol-Ketone Azeotropes as a Function of


Pressure
E. C. BRITTON, H. S. NUTTING, and L. H. HORSLEY
623-625
4 Graphical Method for Predicting Effect of Pressure on Azeotropic Systems
H. S. NUTTING and L. H. HORSLEY
626-628

PREFACE
his volume is a complete revision of Azeotropic Data I and II pub

lished as ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES NO. 6 and No. 35, American

Chemical Society. It includes revised data on systems in the original


tables plus new data on azeotropes, nonazeotropes, and vapor-liquid
equilibria collected since 1962.
No attempt has been made to evaluate the accuracy of the data. Where
appreciable differences occur in the data from a single investigator, only
the most recent data are recorded. Where differences in values from
two different sources occur, both sets of data are recorded. To aid the
reader in evaluating data on a given system, however, all references to
that system are included.
In general, data have been obtained from the original literature. Where
the original litereature was not available, data have been taken from
Chemical Abstracts. In a few instances, data have been taken from col
lections of azeotropic data in handbooks, review articles, and so forth.
The tables are arranged in the same manner as the previous volumes.
This is based on empirical formula as in Chemical Abstracts except that
all inorganic compounds are listed first, alphabetically by empirical
formula.
For a given binary system the lower order component according to
empirical formula is chosen as the -component, and under each A-component the B-components are also arranged according to empirical for
mula. For ternary and quarternary systems, the same arrangement is used,
using the lowest order formula as -component, the next lowest order as
B-component, and so on.

Abbreviations
max. b.p.
min. b.p.
atm.
mm.
p.s.i.a.
p.s.i.g.
v-1
v.p.

Maximum boiling point azeotrope (negative azeotrope)


Minimum boiling point azeotrope (positive azeotrope)
Pressure in standard atmospheres
Pressure in millimeters of Hg
Pressure in pounds per square inch absolute
Pressure in pounds per square inch gage
Vapor-liquid equilibrium data are given in the original
reference
Vapor pressure
ix

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

vol. %
r->
>, <

Azeotropic concentration is given in volume per cent. Unless


so indicated, all concentration data are in weight %
Approximate
Greater than, less than

While all volumes in this series, "Azeotropic Data," are collections of


data, mostly from the literature, the supplement that was published as
No. 35 in the Advances in Chemistry Series included previously un
published data from industrial files, of which most was from Union
Carbide Chemicals Co., assembled by William S. Tamplin. Additional
contributions came from Commercial Solvents Corp., Eastman Chemical
Products, Inc., Farbenwerke Hoechst, Imperial Chemical Industries
Ltd., and Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co. These data are con
tinued in the present volume.
Special thanks go to David C. Young for his invaluable work on this
volume.
The Dow Chemical Co.

L E E H. HORSLEY

Midland, Mich.
November 1972

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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613

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Zilberman,J.Appl. Chem. U.S.S.R. 26, 809 (1954).
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Zorin, Devyatykh, Krupnova and Krasnova, Zh. Neorgan. Khim. 9, 2280 (1964);
C.A. 62, 2261.
Zvaritskaya and Delarova, Tr., Vses. Nauchn.-Issled. Alyumin.-Magnievyi In
96; C.A. 57, 2914.
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152; C.A. 59, 12235.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

Prediction of Azeotropism and


Calculation of Azeotropic Data
Whether or not a system of two compounds is azeotropic depends
essentially on two factors: (1) the difference in boiling point of
the two components, and (2) the degree to which the two components
form an ideal system. The closer the boiling points of the two compo
nents are, the more likely that they will be azeotropic; the more ideal
the solution of the two components is, the less likely that they will form
an azeotropic system.
The ideality of a two-component system depends largely on the differ
ence in certain physical properties of the components such as polarity,
degree of association, tendency toward hydrogen bonding, etc. When
the two components are similare.g., two hydrocarbons or two alcohols
there is little tendency toward azeotropism. However, if the two com
ponents are markedly dissimilarsuch as an alcohol and a hydrocarbon
they tend strongly toward azeotropism.
By taking account of the above factors it is sometimes possible to
predict azeotropic data fairly well. For example, the departure from
ideality of a series of solutions of methanol with hydrocarbons will be
relatively constant. As a result the tendency for a methanol-hydrocarbon
system to be azeotropic will be related to the other factor, the difference
in boiling point. As a result the lowering of the boiling point ( designated
) and the azeotropic composition will be related to this difference in
boiling point. Therefore we can predict and azeotropic composition
for any methanol-hydrocarbon system from the boiling point of the
hydrocarbon.
This procedure is the basis for the series of relations shown in Figures
1-6 which can be used to predict azeotropic data for related systems.
The procedure also indicates the effect of pressure on azeotropic compo
sition if one determines the difference in boiling point of the system at
any desired pressure and applies the data to the appropriate curve. This
is illustrated in Figure 6.
In the special case where the two components are immiscible, it is
possible to calculate azeotropic boiling point and composition to a high
degree of accuracy. For such a system the total vapor pressure is equal
to the sum of the vapor pressures of the two components at a given
temperature. Therefore, from a plot of vapor pressures of the two com615

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616

AZEOTROPIC

DATA

ponents it is possible to determine the temperature at which the sum of


the component vapor pressures is equal to 760 mm. This temperature
will be the azeotropic boiling point. The azeotropic boiling point can be
determined at any other pressure in a similar manner.
Further, the azeotropic composition can be calculated from the ex
pression:
V

X 100

Mole % A =
V

+ V

where V + V are vapor pressures of A and at the azeotropic boil


ing point.
A

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617

Prediction of Azeotropism

t~ PROPANOLSlHYDRO-ALLYS ALCOHOL j CARBONS

METHANOLHYDROCARBONSH

20

40

60

80

100^120

: I : I

20

40

60

80

00| |2)

F 4 -4 4- 1-4

METHANOL- HYDROCARBONS

10

20

30

40

50| |60

10

20

30 40

50| |60

20

40

30

40

50| 60

10

20

ETHANOL- HYDROCARBONSH

40h
40

80 120

-120-80 -40

40

80 120

ISOAMYL ALCOHOL
DIETHYL CAR'BINOL

~>>

WDROCARBON

10

20

30

"

"

40

50| 60
(

"

40
-60-40 -20

20

40 6 0

-60-40 - 2 0

20

40 60

"
J6LYC0LHYDROCARBONS

-60-40 -20

60

16

12
8
4

20

40

60

80

>| |20

20

40

60

80

GLYCEROL
\ -

100^120

10

20

._ _

DROCARBC NS
-

-120-80 -40

40

80 20

120 80 40

40

80 20

-30 - 20 -10

30

Figure 1. C- and -|| curves for alcohol-hydrocarbon, glycol-hydrocarbon,


and phenol-hydrocarbon systems

C: Azeotropic composition in weight %firstcomponent


: Boiling point of lower boiling component minus azeotropic boiling point
|A| Absolute difference in boiling points of components
A: Boiling point offirstcomponent minus boiling point of second component
:

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618

AZEOTROPIC DATA

s 1 1 1 11
-ORE:sou >-HYDRGKARB()NS-

1 1

DVDAr.ATCrUlM

1 1

RFQnpr.iiuni

NS-

1
NS-

1
I
10

15

i"20

1
25

I A 1

1
30

c ! ! 1 11
-ORE:sou >-HYDRO(ARB)NS-

l._

10

20

1
0

10

20

30

40

50 ^ 6 0

10

20

nTUKUOAKDUNb

40

32,

50^,60

1 !1

0_

40

DVDnr.ATcruiM

100
80

30

40
. .J
-10
0

30-20

I
10

20

30

1
1
-10
0

-20

s|

1 1 1

24

-30

10

20

30

-30 -20

nuiARBONS-

-10

"II
MB( N S -

! U

30

PROPIONIC ACID
BUTYRIC ACID HYDRO
VALERIC ACID
. CARBONS

HV J C I nJ H U I

16

80

S.

40

-1

1 1

U t l 1 U HUI U

1 unui

^.

ARB)NSX

ARB)N8-

1
1 __L_
0
0
I6 0 - 4 0 - 2 0

16

1 j j

CADUir
100

PROPIONIC ACID,
BUTYRIC ACID

40
1

..1
1
20
40 A 6 0

_l 1

1
-60 -40

-20

METHANOL-HALI DE
12

100
801

1
20

40

60

-20

20

40

60

- ANOL- HALIDE

>HI\D\

-60 -40

PROPANOLS-HALIDE
HYDROCARBONS

4
0

40
0

60-40

-20

20

4 0

60

-60 -40

-20

20

40

60

-60 -40 -20

20

40

6 0

Figure 2. C- and -|| curves for phenol-hydrocarbon, acid-hydrocarbon,


and alcohol-halide hydrocarbon systems

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

Prediction of Azeotropism

~
ISOAMYL ALCOHOL HALI DETERI AMYL
HYDRO
ALCOHOL
CARBON

1
1
1 1
BUT WOLS-HALIDE

'

unuOMKD

\
1

lAl

1 11

40|

v\

40

I II

s,?

ttl
20 4 0 6 0

\\ V

\ 20

-60-40 -20

40 60

1 1 11

CRE SOLS-HALI D E

-PHE:NOL -HALI DE

HYDROCARBONS"

1 I

1 11

16

1
I
-, 1
0_ 1
-60-40 -20 20 4 0 60 - 60 -40 -20
32
6

- C Y CLOIHEXANOL-HALIDEYDROCARBONS .

PENTANOLS-HALIDE

24

1 1 1 11

(:YCL( )XANOL-HLIDE

-BUTANOLS-HALIDE
100
801

10 20 30 40 50 60

619

MTUKUl/AnDUN

AnD

8
Q
0

1
1

40

1
50 60

._.l

1 1
1 1

riv/VM

100
80

S4i

10 20 30 40

LIAI

1**

1 11

nucMni U A I inc

MYUnU

"7*

_. 1

1 1 1 1 1
12 ^ P rRoc ATE(:HIN-HAUDEHYC)ROCARBNS8

>

c I

'

\X

c I

-30-20 -10

10 2 0 3 0

40

40
I

HYDROCARBONS

40|

\v

Scr. .

80

ROCATECHIN-HALIDE
F OR C ACID-HALIDE
100
100
HYDROCARBONSHYDROCARBONS80
80

s*.

CETIC ACID-HALIDE

F )RMI C ACID IALIDE

h
HYDf*OCARBONS-

uvrDnr

NS- 100
80
40

- J

1
I I 1
-CRIESOLS-HItLi DE

An DA.

inc

16

ACETIC ACID-HALIDEHYDROCRBONS"

I I*
-60-40 -20 0 20 4 0 6 0 - 6 0 - 4 0 -20

20 4 0 6 0

Figure 3. C- and -|| curves for alcohol-halide hydrocarbon, glycol-halide


hydrocarbon, phenol-halide hydrocarbon, and acid-halide hydrocarbon systems

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

620

AZEOTROPIC

[
I 1 1.
PIONIC AC HALIDE.BUTRIC ACK HYDf10-.VAL:RIC ACIE CAR!30NS
.PRO

100
80

HALIDT
"HYDRO-"

40

_CARBON~
- 2 0 20

ETWiNOL-ES" ERS

PROPIONIC ACID_
BUTYRIC ACIDlL
VALERIC A C I D L :

q- 6 0 - 4 0

my ANO--ESTER

DATA

10

15 2 0 2

100
80

40 6 0

\NOL-ESI"ERS

6|

I I I I I
OPIWOLS-E<ITER
12 f R

-30-20 -10

16

C;

ANO -ESTER

40

10 20 30 -30 -20 -10

10

2 0 30

UTANOLS-ESTER

ESTERS-IOA NOLS

8
4

,
0

10

^
,
15 20 25| 30
0

ROPANOLS
1YL ALCC)HOL

100
80

j-ES' ERS^

15 20 25 30
|(

10

15

20 2 5 3 0

10

15 20

||

BUTANOLS-ES" ERS
100
80

40

16

32,

10

40

I I I

>

.
sL

Al vr.ni -CCTCDC

12

Ml

s..

fii v r . r o m _ c c

fERS

.. -I I

10 20 30 40

50| |60

-GU COL- EST :RS-

10 20 30 40 50, ,60
A

-60-40 -20 0

1 1

PMF
rnt

100
80

100
80[

40

40

20 40 A 60

- 6 0 - 4 0 -20 0

20 4 0 . 6 0

25| ,30
A

N0L< -ES" ERS

-30-20 -10

ss.

10

20 30
A

Figure 4. C-A and - | | curves for acid-halide hydrocarbon, alcohol-ester,


glycol-ester, and phenol-ester systems

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

Prediction of Azeotropism

\
METHANOL )

621

10
c

20 30

40

50 |60

10

_1

I I I

HEXAN0LS
ETHERS"
* UCDTAMAI c

ETHANOL 1 - RSPROPANOLS -f
BUI*INUL

15

20 25 |30
)

1
20

ALC( IH0L - ' 'HER >


00|
80

40

60

80

100,^120

HEXANOLS >ETr ERSHEPTANOLS


1

I I I
t i r

COL--ETH CDC

LI

40

40|

-30 -20 -10


32

10

20 30

I I I I I

24 -WA TER- ERS, ACETALS-

-30 -20 -10

J.

10

20 30

-60-40 -20
16,

si

I IcTAUce
II

fiivrni

20

40 60

I I

WLS -PHI NOL >

16
8

1
1
' 1
20 40 60

80 00| |20

20

100

40

40

_-60-40 -20 20

60

80 | 23
)

"\ C5

40 60

15

20

10

1iLCOHOU

GLY<0 L - ( NES

100
80

12

40

-WA 'ER- :RS, ACET ALS-

16

25 |30
(

EN0LS

-60-40 -20 20 4 0 6 0

I I

1' 0LS-- ONE;

i MOI

-3 0 - 2 0 -10

_L_

10

20 30

- ACI )S-I THE RS-

WLS --

8
4

:,

>

5
c

10

15

20

25| |30

I I I I I

PHEh 0LS-- ONE;

100
80

100
80

40

40

I *

30-20 -10

10

20 30

r.v I '15 20 2 5 3 0
/

10

100
80
40

\ 20 4 0 6 0

I
- 6 0 - 4 0 -20

0
10

1 5 20

2 1 . 1 *

c
Fi 7 ACICS - E ' "HER S

1C0I 40LS-" 5

\C

5>

I I I

I I I
V

1.

"- 6 0 - 4 0 - 2 0 20 40 6 0

Figure 5. C- and - | | curves for alcohols-ethers, glycols-ethers, waterethers, acids-ethers, alcohols-ketones, glycol-ketones, alcohols-phenols, and
phenols-ketones

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

622

AZEOTROPIC

1 I 1
M 40L- HYDRO
ARB
NS ~
1C
1O

c
loo 1

ChteOH
2C

CeHe

80

100
80

METHANOL-HALOGENATED"
HYDROCARBONS^
"CH3OH ' e c u
275

DATA

700 mm ~

40

40|

0-120-80 -40

ol

-60 -40 -20


c I
I

20 40
I

60

ETHANOL-HALOGENATED |
HYDROCARBONS

-120 -80 -40

100

c 1
1 1 1 1
PROPA NOLS-HY DROCARBONS
C3H7OH CeHe _

801

100

(ALCOHOL-' KE^NEs]
CH3OH CH3COCH3
CH3OH CHsCOCeHe

8.000 mm.

CH3COC2H8
-l-CzHeOH CH3COC3H7
100
14,000 mm.

40
-120-80-40

40

80 20

-40-20

20

40

60 8 0

Figure 6. C- curves for alcohol-hydrocarbons, alcoholhalide hydrocarbons, and alcohols-ketones


Curves show agreement with experimental data at various
pressures
C: Weight % alcohol
hydrocarbon
: Boiling point of alcohol minus > halide hydrocarbon
boiling water
) ketone

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Diagrams of


Alcohol-Ketone Azeotropes as a
Function of Pressure
1

E. C. BRITTON, H. S. NUTTING, and L. H. HORSLEY


The Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Mich.

Pressure has a marked effect on the azeotropic composition and vapor


-liquid equilibrium diagrams of alcohol-ketone systems (1). This is due
to the fact that the slopes of the vapor pressure curves of alcohols are
appreciably greater than for ketones; it results in an unusually large
change in the relative boiling points of the components of an alcohol
-ketone system with change in pressure.
As a result of the study of these systems, it has been found that the
methanol-acetone azeotrope exhibits the unusual phenomenon of becom
ing nonazeotropic at both low and high pressuresthat is, below 200-mm.
pressure the system is nonazeotropic with methanol as the more volatile
product, while above 15,000 mm. the system is nonazeotropic with ace
tone the more volatile component.
Some of the equilibrium data for this system and two other alcohol
-ketoneazeotropes are shown in Figures 1 and 2 on the following pages.
The similarity of the diagrams for the different systems at suitable pres
sures is of interest. For example, the diagram for methanol-acetone at
10,000 mm. corresponds approximately to the diagram for methanol
-methyl ethyl ketone at 1000 mm. and for ethanol-methyl propyl ketone
at 100 mm.
Literature Cited
(1) Britton, E. C., Nutting, H. S., Horsley, L. H. U.S. Patent 2,324,255 (July
13, 1943).

Deceased.
623

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

624

200,

AZEOTROPIC DATA

METHANOLETHANOLMETHYL ETHYL METHYL PROPYL


KETONE
KETONE

METHANOL
ACETONE
>r

180

160

IV

11

11,09 Omm
II 090 mm.

5,4 00 mm.

140
4,>30rrim.
120

2,0 40 m m.

00|
.

80
75 7mn

m
60

747mm.

V ,

27 5mm

10
0

10Omm

2 00 mm.
10Omm

20

7mnn.

40

I\

71

20 40

60

kl
80 KX) 0 20 40 0 80100 \\0
WEIGHT PER CENT ALCOHOL

20 40

60

80 100

Figure 1. Vapor-liquid equilibrium diagrams of alcohol-ketone systems at


various pressures

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

625

Alcohol-Ketone Azeotropes

METHANOL
ACETONE

METHANOLETHANOLMETHYL ETHYL METHYL PROPYL


KETONE
KETONE

20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80100 .0 20 40 60 80100


AVERAGE WEIGHT %ALC0H0L IN LIQUID AND VAPOR IN EQUILIBRIUM

Figure 2.

Difference in composition of vapor and liquid in equilibrium

Shown as a function of corresponding average composition of vapor and liquid for


alcohol-ketone systems

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

Graphical Method for Predicting Effect of


Pressure on Azeotropic Systems
H. S. NUTTING and L. H. HORSLEY
The Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Mich.

A rapid and easily applicable method has been found for indicating the
effect of pressure on the composition and boiling point of an azeo
tropic system. The method is based on the use of the Cox vapor pressure
chart (1) on which the log of vapor pressure is plotted as a function of
1/(t C. + 230) to give a straight line over a wide range of pressures.
Lecat (2) has considered the use of the vapor pressure curves of azeo
tropes to indicate the pressure at which a system would become nonazeo
tropic. However, he plotted in the conventional manner and could obtain
the curves only by detailed experimental work.
It has been found that the vapor pressure curves of azeotropes are
straight lines when plotted on a Cox chart which permits determination
of the complete vapor pressure curve from the data at two pressures.
Since an azeotrope by definition has either a higher or a lower vapor
pressure than that of any of the components, the azeotropic vapor pres
sure curve will always lie above or below the curves of the components.
This is indicated schematically in Figure 1 where A and are vapor

AZEOTROPE DISAPPEARS AT AND P

AZEOTROPIC AT ALL PRESSURES

COX SCALE l / ( T C . + 230)

Figure 1.

Schematic of vapor pressure curves of binary azeotropes


626

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

627

Effect of Pressure

8
8
8
-

ANOL-

LxJ

1 1

_J
O O

1 1

1 Ni

?.

-L
O U <~>

1
J_
ooo
ooo
ooo

r 1

'AN

TE

LU

.1 .

Lui

>

s. -

AZE OTRO

AZE

R-ETHAN0L

C5

:OTRIOPE

Ul\l

>

_l

ce
Lu

ETHANOL

Lu

Lu

U_

PR
V

S.

AZEOT ROP

Lu

ER-n- PROP'ANOL

I
ooo
ooo

Q Q . C L O^
000(0
sj-

O O 1Q

3iniOS8V &H

asa
UJLU

.J

1
Q.

OJ

ooo

ooo<0 <*

1 ,

CM

'3UnSS3Ud HOdVA

Figure 2. Azeotropic vapor pressure curves of methanol-methyl ethyl


ketone, methanol-acetone, water-n-propanol, and water-ethanol

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

628

AZEOTROPIC

DATA

pressure curves of the components and C is the vapor pressure of the


azeotrope. If curve C crosses either A or B, the azeotropic vapor pressure
is no longer greater or less than any of the components and the system
will become nonazeotropic at the point of intersection. On the other hand,
if the azeotropic curve is parallel to the other curves the system will be
azeotropic up to the critical pressure.
The method has been successfully applied to numerous systems, four
of which are shown in Figure 2. The azeotrope methanol-methyl ethyl
ketone became nonazeotropic at 3000 mm. of mercury after it was pre
dicted that this would occur at 2000 to 4000 mm. The azeotrope methanolacetone was studied in detail after it was predicted that the azeotropism
would disappear at both low and high pressures. This system is nonazeo
tropic below 200 mm. of mercury and above 15,000 mm. compared to
predicted limits of 200 to 500 mm. and 10,000 to 20,000 mm. While this is
the only azeotropic system known to become nonazeotropic at both low
and high pressures, there are indications that the phenomenon occurs in
several other systems, contrary to the conclusions of Lecat that such sys
tems probably do not exist (3).
Caution should be used in extrapolating curves to very low pressures
because of the possibility of curvature in the vapor pressure lines over a
manyfold range of pressures.
In cases where only the normal azeotropic boiling point is known, it is
possible to predict the effect of pressure on the sytem by drawing the
azeotrope curve through the normal boiling point with a slope equal to
the average slopes of the component vapor pressure curves. This proce
dure will permit a fairly accurate prediction of whether the azeotrope
will cease to exist below the critical pressure.

Literature Cited
(1) Cox, Ind. Eng. Chem., 15, 592 (1923).
(2) Lecat, Ann. soc. sci. Bruxelles, 49B, 261-333 (1929).
(3) Lecat, "Trait de Chimie Organique," Vol. 1, p. 139, Paris, Grignard,
Mason et Cie., 1935.

In Azeotropic DataIII; Horsley, L.;


Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1973.

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