FORESTRY

PAPER I
PART A
1. Effect of Locality Factors : Climatic factors : Light, temperature, frost,,
precipitation, dew, humidity, wind; Physiographic factors : altitude, aspect, topography,
microclimate, geology and soil, geology and forests, soil conditions; Biotic factors.
2. Forest classification and Distribution : Basis for classification, criteria for
delineating forest types in India and Orissa, distribution of forest types, botanical areas :
Principal sub-groups, forest types and their distribution : brief description of groups and
types, Biodiversity and its preservation, Mangrove forest.
3. Forest Regeneration : Natural regeneration : by vegetative parts, by seeds,
ecological requirements for natural regeneration, operations to be carried out for natural
regeneration : natural regeneration practice for important species and types:-moist Sal
forest, teak forest, bamboo forest, dry deciduous forest, moist deciduous forest, evergreen
forest. Artificial regeneration : factors affecting, choice between artificial and natural
regeneration, choice of species, choice between sowing and planting, introduction of
exotics: procedure for artificial regeneration, seed collection and storage, nursery
operation, planting out, maintenance of plantation, Role of in-vitro culture in
regeneration.
4. Tending operations and Forest growth : Weeding, cleaning, thinning, thinning
types, methods of thinning, factors affecting thinning, thinning in important species,
thinning in irregular crops, mixed plantations and coppice crops, improvement felling,
girdling, pruning, Climber cutting. Tree growth: height growth. growth in diameter,
increment, growth in quality, rate of growth, crop growth.
5. Silviculture of Tree species : Definition, objects of study, relation of silviculture
with forestry and its branches, Silviculture of important tree species such as Acacia
auriculifomis, Acacia nilotica, Leucaena leucocephala, Sesbania grandiflora, Cassia
siamea, Eucalyptus spc., Casuarina equisetifolia, Shorea robusta, Tectona grandis,
Dalbergia sissoo. Gmelina arborea Adina cordifolia. Melia azadirachta, Bambusa
arundinacea, Dendrocalamus strictus Terminaeia species, Albizia lebbek, Samanea
saman Lagerstroemia flosreginae, Salmalia malbarica.

PART B
6. Forest Management system : Systems of forest management: Clear felling
system, Uniform shelterwood system, Selection system, Coppice system: Single coppice
and Coppice with Standard system and Coppice with reserve system. Choice of
silvicultural system: systems of management in important forest types, working plan
preparation and monitoring.
7. Production foresty : Site productivity, productivity of Indian forests, components
of production forestry, evaluation of industrial and commercial demands, management of
natural forests for production objectives, plantation of industrial and commercial wood,
captive plantations, socio-industrial plantation. Involvement of corporate sector in
plantation forestry.
8. Rotation and yield : Rotation, types of rotation:-physical, silvicultural, technical,
rotation of maximum volume production; rotation of important species : teak sal,
gambhar, eucalyptus: casuarina, subabul, wattles and bomboo, steps for reducing rotation
age. Yield; yield regulation, yield from Indian forests, concept of sustained yield:
principle, scope and limitation.
9. Forest protection : Forest degradation :-illicit fellings and encroachment, grazing
and lopping, forest fires, shifting cultivation, diversion of forest lands. Silvicultural
fellings, plant diseases, insects, pests, plant parasites and aggressive weeds, Protection
measures:-control of illicit felling and encroachments, control of grazing and lopping,
protection from animals, protection against fires, protection against disease, protection
against inseet pests, weed control measures.
10. Forest Influences : Forest and climate:- precipitation, temperature, shelterbelt
and windbreak effect, humidity frost, snow fall, evapotranspiration : Forest and soil :
organic matter and recycling of nutrients. Soil composition and structure, soil
temperature, soil moisture, forest and water table, chemical property of soil, biological
properties, Forest and hydrological cycle : Forest and interception, Forest and infiltration,
forest and runoff, forest and erosion, forest and flood, forest and water yield, forest and
avalanche, forest and animals; forest and biodiversity conservation, forest recreation,
forest and population. Plant succession : stages of succession, climax formation.
Watershed management and Wasteland development. Carbon sequestration by forest
plants; Green house effect, Global warming.

PAPER II
PART A
1. Forest Development in India : (Post-Independence)-Forest Development in Five-Year
Plan periods, Land use forest area, forest cover of the country and the State in particular.
Environmental conservation : Importance and principles of conservation. Impact of
deforestation due to various anthropic activities like mining, construction and developmental
projects, forest fire.
2. Forest policy and legislation : Indian Forest Policy of 1894, 1952 and 1988, National
Commission on Agriculture 1976) Report on forestry, constitution of Wasteland
Development
Board, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Forest laws, necessity and
general
principles; Indian Forest Act, 1927, Forest Conservation Act, 1980, Wildlife (Protection) Act,
1948; Orissa Forest Act, 1972, Orissa Timber and Other Forest Produce Transit Rules, 1980,
Orissa Forest (Grazing of Cattle) Rules, 1980.
3. Forest Economics : Fundamental Principles of forest economics, estimation of demand
and supply, assessment and protection of market structure; role of corporate financing;
socioeconomic
analysis and attributes of forest productivity.
4. Wildlife management : Common game animals and birds, wildlife conservation and
management, wildlife management principles, National parks and wildlife sanctuaries,
project
tiger.
5. Extension Forestry : Agroforestry : concepts, classification, scope and management;
Agroforestry systems under different agroecological zones, selection of species and role of
multipurpose trees and Non wood Forest products. Food, folder, and fuelwood security,
Research and extension needs; farm forestry; social forestry :-objectives, scope and benefits;
Joint forest management, Tribology.
PART B
6. Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement : Tree improvement, its peculiarity
compared to annual crop breeding objectives; causes and kinds of variability,
provenance, seed source and exotics; principles and methods of tree breeding, vegetative
propagation (macro & micro); progeny testing, seed production areas, seed orchards
(clonal and seedlings) and their management; hybridization, polyploidee and mutation

breeding. Importance of genetic resources conservation and preservation of biodiversity.

7. Forest Mensuration : Methods of measuring diameter, girth, height and volume
of trees; form factor; Volume estimation of stand, sampling methods, yield calculation,
current annual increment, mean annual increment; sample plots; yield and yield tables;
scope and objectives of forest inventory; Aerial survey and remote sensing techniques.
8. Forest surveying & Engineering : Different methods of surveying. Leveling,
importance of maps in forestry, maps and map reading; Basic principles of forest
engineering, building materials and construction. Roads: objects, classification, general
principles and construction. Bridges: Objects, general principles, types, simple design
and construction of timber bridges.
9. Wood and its utilization : Wood anatomy of conifers and hardwoods, their
physical and mechanical properties. Defects of wood, logging and wood extraction;
Process of seasoning wood; Production of composite and improved wood, wood based
industries. Uses of natural wood and processed wood.
10. Non-wood Forest products : Definition and scope, gums, resin, oleoresins,
fibres, flosses, essential oil yielding plants; tannin dye, oilseeds, nuts, canes, bamboo,
bidi leaves, medicinal plants, apiary, sericulture, lac and shellac. Collection, processing
and disposal of non-wood forest products.