BUILDING MOMENTUM IN GLOBAL ADVOCACY AGAINST HIV CRIMINALISATION

Together we can makea reality 

 

ADVANCING HIV JUSTICE 2

2

This report was written by Edwin J Bernard and Sally Cameron on behalf of the HIV Justice Network and the Global Network of People Living with HIV (GNP+). Additional input was provided by: Patrick Eba (UNAIDS), Julian Hows (GNP+), Cecile Kazatchkine (Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network), Rhon Reynolds (GNP+), Rebecca Schleifer (UNDP), and Sean Strub (Sero Project).We would especially like to acknowledge the courage and commitment of advocates around the world who are challenging laws, policies and practices that inappropriately regulate and punish people living with HIV. Without them this report would not have been possible.

PUBLISHED BY:

HIV Justice Network

6 Atlingworth House, 56 Marine Parade, Brighton BN2 1PN, England Website: www.hivjustice.net E-mail: info@hivjustice.net

and

Global Network of People Living with HIV (GNP+)

Eerste Helmersstraat 17 B3, 1054 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands Website: www.gnpplus.net E-mail: infognp@gnpplus.netSome rights reserved: This document may be freely shared, copied, translated, reviewed and distributed, in part or in whole, but may not be offered for sale or use in conjunction with commercial purposes. Only authorised translations, adaptations and reprints may bear the emblems of the HIV Justice Network and GNP+. Enquiries should be addressed to: info@hivjustice.net.© April 2016. HIV Justice Network and The Global Network of People Living with HIV. Proofreading: Amelia Jones, NAM. Layout and design: Aoife O’Connell, NAM.We gratefully acknowledge the financial contribution of UNDP to this report. Suggested citation: Edwin J Bernard and Sally Cameron.

 Advancing HIV Justice 2: Building momentum in global advocacy against HIV criminalisation

. HIV Justice Network and GNP+. Brighton/Amsterdam, April 2016.

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

 

ADVANCING HIV JUSTICE 2

3

Acknowledgements..............................................................................................................................2

 

Contents ................................................................................................................................................3 Foreword ...............................................................................................................................................5 About this report ..................................................................................................................................71. Global overview ................................................................................................................................9

1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................91.2. How many countries have HIV criminalisation laws? ........................................................................101.3 How many countries have prosecuted people with HIV? ...................................................................111.4 Where have prosecutions recently taken place? ..................................................................................121.5 Focus on HIV criminalisation in sub-Saharan Africa .........................................................................131.6 Where has advocacy improved legal environments? ..........................................................................151.7 Using science as an advocacy tool .............................................................................................................161.8 Building momentum in global advocacy against HIV criminalisation...........................................16

2. From consensus building to global action ...................................................................................19

2.1 Building global consensus ...........................................................................................................................192.2 From consensus to action ............................................................................................................................21

3. Building the case against HIV criminalisation ............................................................................28

3.1 Testing .............................................................................................................................................................283.2 Disclosure ......................................................................................................................................................283.3 Sexual behaviour ..........................................................................................................................................293.4 Health care practice .....................................................................................................................................293.5 Inequality – race and gender .....................................................................................................................303.6 Moralising justice: zero deterrence, real harms ..................................................................................313.7 Filling the gaps in the research agenda ..................................................................................................32

4. Targeted advocacy – examples of good practice .........................................................................35

4.1 United States: Understanding the target audience ............................................................................364.2 France: Understanding the problem, working towards solutions ..................................................364.3 Targeting laws ...............................................................................................................................................374.4 Targeting lawmakers ..................................................................................................................................434.5 Targeting police ...........................................................................................................................................444.6 Targeting lawyers ........................................................................................................................................444.7 Targeting judges ...........................................................................................................................................454.8 Targeting expert witnesses.......................................................................................................................464.9 Targeting healthcare workers .................................................................................................................464.10 Empowering affected communities ....................................................................................................484.11 Targeting potential complainants ........................................................................................................494.12 Targeting media .........................................................................................................................................50

5. Key developments, by country ...................................................................................................54

5.1 Australia (Victoria) ........................................................................................................................................545.2 Botswana ..........................................................................................................................................................54

 CONTENTS