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.
1. A aslid R, M a rkw alder , Nornes :
Noninvasive transcranial doppler ultrasound record
ing of flow velocity in basai cerebral arteries. J
Neurosurg, 57: 769-774,1982
2. Ackerstaff RG, Keunen RW, van Pelt W.
Montanban-van-Swijndregt AD, Stijnen T: Influence
of biological factors on changes in mean cerebral blood
flow velocity in normal ageing: a transcranial doppler
study. Neurol Res 12:187-191,1990
3. Arnolds BJ, von Reutern GM: Transcranial
doppler sonography. Examination technique and nor
mal reference values. Ultrasound Med Biol, 12: 1 ,-j123,1986

4.
Bartels E, Fluegel KA: Quantitative measure
ment of blood flow velocity in basal cerebral arteries
with transcranial duplex color flow imaging: a com
parative study with conventional transcranial doppler
sonography. J Neuroimag 4:77-81,1994
5. Bartels E, Fuchs HH, Fluegel KA: Color
doppler imaging of basal cerebral arteries: normal ref
erence values and clinical applications. Angiology 46:
877-884,1995
6.
Hashim oto MD, Beverly E, Camille W,
Hattrick BS: New Method of Adult Transcranial Dop
pler. J Ultrasound Med 10: 349-353,1991
7.
Hennerici M, Rautenberg W, Sitzer G,
Schwartz A: Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound for the
assessment of intracranial arterial flow velocity-part
I: examination technique and normal values. Surg
Neurol 27:439-448,1987
8. M artin PJ, Evans DH, Naylor AR:
Transcranial color-coded sonography of the basal
cerebral circulation: reference data from 115 volun
teers. Stroke 25: 390-396, 1994
9. Martin PJ, Evans DH, Naylor AR: Measure
ment of blood flow velocity in the basal cerebral cir
culation: advantages of transcranial color-codea'
sonography over conventional transcranial doppler. J
Clin Ultrasound 23: 21-26,1995
10. Mueller HR: Age dependence of flow velocitiy
in cerebral arteries. Ultrasound Med Biol 14:745-746,
1988
11. Shambal S, Grehl H, Zierz S, Lindner A:
Altersabhaengigkeit dopplersonographischer Param
eter der basalen intrakraniellen Arterien in der
transkraniellen Farbduplexsonographie. Fortschr
Neurol Psychiat 71: 271-277, 2003
12. Tsuchiya T, Yasaka M, Yamaguchi T, Kimura
K, Omae T: Imaging of the basal cerebral arteries
and measurements of blood velocity in adults by us
ing tra n scra n ia l re a l-tim e color flow doppler
sonography. AJNR 12:497-502,1991
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oc.itgo.com/ieukemia/researchrpt.htm 98k7. Caver TE, Slobod KS, Flynn PM, et ai.
Profound abnormality of the B/T lymphocyte ratio
during chemotherapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic
leukemia. Leukemia1998;12:619-622
8. Lovat PE, Pobinson JH, Windebank KP, et
al. Serial study of T lymphocytes in childhood
leukemia during remission. Pediatr Hemotol Oncol
1993;10:129-139
9. Stahnke K, Fulda S, Friesen C, et al.
Activation of apoptosis pathways in peripherial blood
lym phocytes by in vivo chem otherapy. Blood
2001;98:3066-3073
10. Aquino DB, Aquino VM, Ansari MQ. Immuno
system recovery after treatment for cancer. Infect
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in urology 364-374
7. Lacquaniti S. Fuicoii V. Weir JM. Pisanti F.
Servello C & Destito A (2000) Bacterial prostatits:
urine and spermatic fluid culture.
Arch Hal Urol Androl 72 (1): 21-23
8. Ludwig M. Schroeder-Printzen I. Ludecke G
(2000) Comparison of expressed prostatic secretions
with urine after prostatic massage- a means to
diagnose chronic prostatitis/inflammatory CPPS
Urology 55:175-177
9. Me Naughton Collins M, Fowier FJ Jr, Elliott
DB, Albertsen PC & Barry MJ (2000) Diagnosing and
treating chronic prostatits: do urologists use the four
glass test? Urology 55: 403-407
10. Nickel JC (1997) The pre and post massage
test (PPMT): a single screen for prostatitis. Tech Urol
3: 38-43
11. W right ET, Chmiel JS, Grayhack JT &
Schaeffer AJ (1994) Prostatic fluid inflammation in
prostatitis. J Urol 152: 2300-2303
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(1965); .. (1973); .. (1975)
.
8
(),

18-27
28-37
38-47
48-57
1.27 0.04 1.17 0.03

1.30 0.04 1.22 0.03
1.15 0.03 1.27 0.04
1.35 0.02 1.28 0.03
1.27 0.017 1.23 0.016
1.22 0.02
1.26 0.02
1.21 0.03
1.31 0.02
1.25 0.012
8-

9
(),

18-27
28-37
38-47
48-57
3.27 0.24 2.60 0.19

2.77 0.20 2.60 0.16
2.37 0.10 2.47 0.17
2.80 0.13 2.37 0.13
2.80 0.091 2.51 0.081
2.93 0.16
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2.58 0.10
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9 -
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.. (1981)-
, .. (1965); ..
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10
(),

18-27
28-37
38-47
48-57
1.36 0.05 1.28 0.05

1.41 0.06 1.18 0.05
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1.12 0.04 1.31 0.06
1.33 0.030 1.22 0.025
1.32 0.03
1.30 0.04
1.27 0.04
1.21 0.04
1.27 0.020
10-
38-47
, 48-57
.
11
(),

18-27
28-37
38-47
48-57
3.25 0.11
3.57 0.12
3.24 0.11
3.02 0.07
3.27 0.054
3.03 0.08
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3.15 0.09
3.06 0.11
3.10 0.047
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1 1 -
28-37
, 48-57 ,
.
.
1.
18.660.1; 17.630.08;

13.230.07;
12.790.06 .
2.
53.33% 9.11- ,
4.240.11,
0.950.01 ,
1.150.01,
1.250.012,
2.650.061,
1,270.02,
3.180.036
.
.
1. . .
. - , . -1975. -.
5-12, 84-132.
2. .., ..

. - .
- . -1985. - 3. -. 55-60.
3. .. (

). - -1954.-.61 -62.
4. ..

. - . -1965. -. 7-12,
30-33.
5. ..
. - ., ,1968. -. 14-21,225-230.
6. - B.C., ..
.
. - .: . - 1955.~.247-249.
7. .. .
- '" -1981. - . 170-173.
8.
.

. - ., , - 1976. - . 30-38.
9. .., . .

. - . -1965.
- . 6-22,100-125.
10. .., ..,
., ..

. -
. - . -1 988. - 6.
- . 44-48, 55-60.
11. . ..

. - . -1976. - 3. - . 10-15.
12. Isadore Meschan, .., M.D. Synopsis of
Analysis of Roentgen Signs in General Radiology. W.B. Saunders company. Philadelphia. London.
Toronto.-1976. p. 182
13.
h ttp ://w w w .Z h u ra vle v.co m
Info /
modules.php?name=News filearticle sid=100(Cafrr
). .

. 2000.8 .
14. http://www.vh.orq/adult/provider/anatomv/
A natom ic v a ria n ts /s k e le ta l system /im ages/
sh...Ronald A. Bergman, Ph D; Afifi, MD, MS;
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD. Various shapes of the sei. ,
turcica as seen radiographically. 2001. 2 p.
15. http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/anatomy/
A natom ic v a ria n ts /s k e le ta l system /im ages/
sh...Ronald A. Bergman, Ph D; Afifi, MD, MS;
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD. Sella Turcica. 2003. 1p.
, :
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TOO
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120
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7
19
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15
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. (2003)
[6, 8, 9].
.
1.
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.
.
3.
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, , .
.
1. , , .
. 2002; .74-75
2. , , .,
- .
2003 .
3. ., ., . (1997)
" ^ -
5.
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4.
.,
, "
,
., 1975
5.
. . .

. .
. . . 1961, .2 ,26-28
6.
..

. / / .
. .1974.2. .226-229.
7.
...

.
.. .. 1967,3, .560-561
8.
.., ..

. . . .
1989. N12. .47-49.
9. , ,
,
1
,
.,2003.
10. . ,(1 9 95 ) "
..55-56
11. Allan J. ., G. Avila J. Garcia-Noval A.

Fiisser and Craig P. S. 1990. Immunodiagnosis of
Taeniasis by coproantigen detection. Parasitology
101:473-477.
12. Asci Z, Seyrek A , Kizirgil A , Yilmaz M. A
retrospective study on the prevalence of Taenia
saginata. Eastern Journal of Medicine 1998; 3(1 ),10.
13. Derylo A, Szilman P. Occurrence of human
Taenia sis and cysticercosis in pigs and cattle in the
Katowice district. Wiad Parazytol 1995; 41(4),443.
14. Flentje B, Padelt H. [Value of a serologic
diagnosis of Taenia saginata infestation in the human]
.Angew Parasitol 1981; 22(2),65.
15. Morakote N, Charuchinda K, Thammasonthi
W, Khamboonruang C. Evaluation of indirect ELISA
for serodiagnosis of human taeniasis. Southeast
Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1986; 17(4),537.
16. Voller A, Bartlett A, Bidwell DE, Clark MF,
Adams AN. The detection of viruses by enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Journal of General
Virology, Vol 33, 165-167.
, :

.<

.1,.2, .2
1
2.. 111
,

(interventional cardiology) ,
.
1964 C.T.Dotter., M.R.Judkins
,

(3.
9). 1986 U.Sigwart

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,
(13).
, , , ,
90-800

, (1.4.22), 99.7%,
73.8% (6)
.

.
2000
Dr.Benoit Gerardin., Dr.Remy Pilliere
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3.
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()
74.19%, 41.94%, 8.06%,
6.45%
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III IY
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( 60-32) (
1).
(58.821.31) 11-
<0001 .
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119
1.9
.
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.

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,
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(.., 2002.,
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.
,

.

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.
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85-95% (21)
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.
.
1.
,
,
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,
() ,

75%- ,

.
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- -
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.
3.
50.63% - -, 32.91% -
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.
4.

3.22%, 14.92%,
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.
1. .., .., ..
.
. 4-: .
1998. 191.
2. .., ..,
.., .., ..

.
. 1999. 6. . 143-155.
3.
. ., . .,
..

, .
. 1997. 2. . 36-39.
4.
.., ..,
.., .., ..

. .
2002. 5:42-48.
5. .., .., ..
,
. . 1999. 6. . 102-112.
6. .., .., ..,
.., .., ..

, .
. 5-8. 2002.
7. .., ..

. . 1982. 2. . 5-7.
8. .., ..,
., .., ..

,
. . 2002.8:4-7.
9. . ., ..,
.., .., ..

. . 1999.12:85-89.
10. ..
.
. 2004.3. . 9-13.
11. ..

. . . . 3. . 103109.2002
12. ..
. 2003. 280 .
13.
..

. . 1997.9:510.
14. Acuff .., Landreneau R.J., Griffith ..,
Mack M.J. Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass
grafting. Thorac. Surg. 1996. 61:135-137.
15. AniC., Anyanwu., FRCS, Sharif AL-Ruzzeh.,
Shanej George, Rikin Patel., MRCS at all. Conversion
to Off-Pump Coronary bypass without increased
morbidity or change in practice. /United Kingdom,<
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. April. 2002. 798802.
16. B ittle J.A ., Levin D.S. Coronary
arteriography. In: heart Disease. A. Textbook of
Cardiovascular Medicine. Ed. E.Braunwald. 5* edition.
Philadelphia. 1997.
17. George B.S., Voorhees W.D., Roubin G.S.

Multicenter investigation of coronary stenting to treat
acute or threatened closure after percutaneous
translum inal coronary angioplasty; clinical and
angiographic outcomes. J.Am.Coll.Cardiol. 1993.
22:135-143.
18. Gruenzig A.R., Myler R.K., Hanna E.S.,
Turina M.i. Coronary translum inal angioplasty.
Circulation 1997. V.III-84, Suppl IN: 55-56.
19. Fuster V. Atherosclerosis and coronary artery
disease. Chicago. 1995.
20. Serruys P.W., Emaneulsson H., van der
Giessen W, et al. Heparin coated palmaz Schatz
stents in human coronary arteries. Early outcome of
the BenestentPilot study. Circulation. 1996; 93:412422.
21. Shelia C. Intermediate-term survival after
coronary Artery Bupass Grafting. The Annals of
Thoracic surgery. Official journal of the Society of

Thoracic Surgical Association. Vol. 72, N6, P 20342037.2001.
22. Stephen N.. Oesterie M.D. Where cardiac
surgery and interventional cardiology mere: The future
of catheter-based interventions for cardiovascular
disease. The heart surgery forum. 4(4):290-296.2001:
23. Windecker S., Meyer D.J., Bonzel T. et al.
Interventional cardiology in Eourope 1994. Eur.Heart
j. 1998; 19:40-54.
24. Velissaris T., Tang A., Jonas M., Ohri S.
Haemodynamic changes during off-pump surgery.
P852-853. European journal of Cardiothoracic surgery.
Vol. 22. N5. 2002.
, :
.

.1, .1, .2
1
2
.

XIX .
,
,
{L. Karhl, 1891.,
.. , 1987., . Josserland, L. Gallaverdin,
1901).
() 1989
100 000 6-7.5 (M.Codd
, 1989) , 1997
13.1-36.5 (S. Raker
, 1997)
.

,
,
,
,

.
, ,

. ,

.

,
-
,
,
.
.
-
.
, .
1- ,
3- ,
1992-2002
, 2004

, 16887
149

30 .
- -
2003 12 .
\'
.

,
, , ,
,
. Wald- Log.10
, (t)
SE- , SP-
, PVP- , PVN , DE , DK-
.
, .

149
92 61,7%
, 57 38,2% .

48.121.14, 47.23.99,
44.42.28 .
2
(<0.01), 40-49

.. (1999). ..
(2002), .. (2003)
. 106

(50.34.09%)
(20.83.32%) 2.4
(<0.01).

24.63.52% , 16.73.05%
. B.C.
-
..
80%-
5
. P.Prazan- -
1/3
.

48.9 9 4 .5 %

()- 84.94.2%,
15.14.2%, - 51.05.7%
21.14.7%,
78.94.7% .
- ,
- -

.

56.34.56%,
16.83.44% . ..
(1997) 42;35.0%,
39.24.9%, ..
(2002) 41.8%, 32.5%
.
,

2
,
, -

.

,

,
.

()

.
119
Wald--

.
1
-

(Waid-- )
SE
SP
PVP
PVN
DE
61.2
55.2
60
so
83.7
SO.2
31.6
34.8
60.9
eo.a
2.1
3.8
56.7
70
66.4
32.6
59.8
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71.6
55
04.2
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67.8
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39.55
63.16
88.24
82.76
3 67
SE-
SP-
PVN-
PVP-
DE-
- (SE
61.2, SP 60, DE 60.9), (SE 55.2,
SP 80, DE 60.9), - (SE
60, SP 89.6, DE 82.8)
.
(SE 56.7,
SP 70, DE 59.8), (SE 71:6,
SP 55, DE 67.8) -
. -
. ..
(1999), . Anderson (1999) -
4 ,
, ,
. ,
(2003)
74%, 21%,
58%, 66%, . .
(1999) 93.5%,
95.7%, 67,4%,
84.8%, 93.5%,

. 1997,
82.6%

.
.
1
2 (<0.01),
40-49
, (24.6+3.52%), (16.73.05 /)
,
(50.34.09% )

.
2. 48.994.5%
84.94.2%, 15.1 4.2%,
51.05.7% 21.1 4.7%,
78.94.7% .
3. - ,
, -
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2. .., ...
.
5,2001, . 4-6
3. .., .., . !,
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,

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5 .., .., ..,

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.
.
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,
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2001 b d.f 35%-
8 3 .5 %-
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5%-
[7].
[5]. "

"- (1998) 2500
[12-13,18]. - ,
-
[18].
1000

76 8 , 2600-3500
,
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37.4 (<0.01) [1].

,
75% ,
.
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.
flyrvy 29.2%, 0.7 /
- ,
, ,
.
7 , 41
., ., .

, 19
, .
1997- 2002 , 6

.
28 1000 -

.
( 37
) 451
( 37 42
) 351
.

[8].

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.
,
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.

SPSS-10, Microsoft Excel 2000
.
, .
- :
-
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,
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. 83.8% 20-34,8.8%
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20-34
2 (<0.05)

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.
1
-
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Too
451
Too
351
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0 3-6.1
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- *** <0.001, 4 <0.05

8-10- 2

Kleinman, Kessel (1987)
[11].

, ,
.

[12-14].
40 -
2.4 (<0.001).

[11],

3.6 ( < 0 .0 0 1 )
.
,
. ^
11.3% (27)
8.7%
(30) ,
1.7 (! 0.8-3.4)
.
, , -
10-14%
[2, 16-17].
4%

2.4
. Shingairai, Sioban,
Godfrey (OR=1.83)
[15].
:
12.6% , 18.9%
, 3.5% , 13.7%

( 2).
2.

*"
Too (%)
Too (%)
OR (95% Cl)
407 (96.9)
13(3.1)
309 (93.0)
23 (7.0)
0.4 (0.2-0.8)
379 (87.1)
5G (12.9)
332 (97.4)
9 (2.6)
5.4 (2.6-11.1)
***
j 352 (81.1)
! 82(18.9)
4 n v rw "'
389 (86.3)
62 (13.7)
'
418(96.5)
15(3.5)
430 (98.2)
8(1.8 )
- top /
389 (90.3)
42 (9.7)
317(93.0) I
24(18.9) I
1
3.0 {1.9-4.9)
344 (98.0) I
1
7 (2.0)
I 7.8(3.5-17.3)
I 340 (99.1)
I
3(0.9)
338 (98.3) i
6 (1 .7 )
!
310(91.2)
30 18.8)
1
4.0(1.1-14,1)
1
1
1
1.1 (0.6-1.8)
- * <0.05, *** <0.001

2-

7.8 ,
5.4,
4, 3
.
3-

, ,
.
3

&

-
-
.
.
OR
(.1)
()
0.411
1.254
0.002 3.5
0.017 2.1
0.730
0.305
0.006 35
1.257
0.459
1.328
-0.381
0.792
0.286
0.094 3.8
0.183 0.7
.
1.- ,
.
, ,
, ,
.
2. ,

.
.
1. . ,
.
-1998. . 2001.
.25-53.
2. Kramer MS. Determinants of low birth weight:
methodological assessment and meta-analysis. Bull
World Health Organ 1987;65:663-737.
3. Kramer MS. Intrauterine growth and gestational
duration determinants. Pediatrics 1987;80:502-11.
4. Viilar J, Belizan JM. The relative contribution
of prematurity and fetal growth retardation to low birth
weight in developing and developed societies. Am J
Obstet Gynecol 1982;143:793-8.
5. . - 2001.
6. , .
. . . 1995. . 2533.
7. .
, , .

(1999, 2000 ), . 2001. .282-286.
8. Ballard JL, Khoury JC, Wedig K et al. New
Ballard Score: expanded to include extremely
premature infants. J Pediatr 1991; 119:417-23.
9. Gamma SG, Szwarcwaid CL, Leal Md, Theme
Filha MM: The pregnancy during adolescence as a
risk factor for low weight, Brazil. Rev Saude Publica.
2001 Feb; 35(1):74-80.
10. Wessel H, Cnattingius S, Bergstrom S, Dupret
A, Reitmaier P: Maternal risk factors for preterm birth
and low birthweight in Cape Verde. Acta Obstet
Gynecol Scand. 1996 Apr. 75(4). P 360-6.
11. Kleinman JC, Kessel SS. Racial differences
in low birth weight: trends and risk factors. N Engl J
Med 1987; 317:749-53.
12. P arke r JD, S cho e nd o rf KC, Kiely JL.
Associations between measures of socioeconomic
status and low-birthweight, smai! for gestational age,
and premature delivery in the United States. Am J
Epidemiol 1994.
13. Wessel H, Cnattingius S, Bergstrom S, Dupret
A, Reitmaier P: Maternal risk factors for preterm birth
and low birthweight in Cape Verde. Acta Obstet

Gynecol Scand. 1996 Apr. 75(4). P 360-6.
14. Wang CS, Chou P. Risk factors for Low birth
weight among first time mothers in southern Taiwan.
J Formos Med Assoc. 2001 Mar; 100 (3): 168-72.
15. Shingairai A Feresu, Sioban D Harlow,
Godfrey B Woelk. Risk factors for prematurity at
Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe, international J
Epidemiol. 2004; 33:1194-1201.
16. Land GH, Stockbauer JW. Smoking and

pregnancy outcome: trends among black teenage
m others in M isso u ri. Am J Public Health
1993;83:1121-4.
17. Kleinman JC, Madans JH. The effects of
maternal smoking, physical stature, and educational
attain-ment on the incidence of low birth weight. Am
J Epidemiol 1985;121:843-55.
, :
, .

., ., .

,

.

.
,

[1,2,3].

[4]. -- 11.7%

14% [5].

[1,9].

,

,

.
.
,
,
.
, .
19972002 . 802
451 , 351
.
[6].
,
rap ,
.
,

, , ^

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, -, ,
, 95%-

.

,

,
d
.
.

(
0.05- )
(AR) ,

.

r SPSS-10, Microsoft Excel 2000

.
, .
.

[7-8]. ,
2
( 1).
1
,
,
Too (%)
Too (%)
"
391 (86.7) i 326 (92.9J
6 0 (1 3 .3 )
| 2 5(7 ,1)

330 (94.0)
430 (95.3)
21 (4,7)
21 (6,0)
Uvc
279
(79,5)
351 (77,8)
72 (20.5)
100 (22.2)
"
253 (73.1)
260 (59.6)
93 (26.9)
176 (40.4)
447 (9 9 .1 )
348 (39.1)
4 (0 .9 )
3 (0 .9 )
OR
(95% )
1
2.0(1.2-3,21
1
0.7 (0.4-1.4)
1,1 (0.7-1.5)
1.8(1.3-2.4)
1 (0.2-4.6)
3 vdx
347 (100}__
441 (97.8)
10(2.2)
4 ( 1 1 ) ....
VD3DC3n
345 (98.3)
441 (97.8)
1 0 (2 2)
6 (1 .7 )

434 (96.2)
344 (98.0)
17(3.8)
7 (2.0)

431 (95.6) [ 344 (98.0)
20 (4.4)
I
7 (2.0)
1.9 (0,6-6.3)
1
1.3(0.4-3.6)
1
1.9 (0.7-4.6)
1
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- * <0.05, ** <0.01
, ,
OR
.

[1,3,9]
.
39.7% ( 49.7%)
, 44.2% ( 39.7%) 2-4, 16.1% (
10.6% ) 4-

.
(1-2 )
2
(<0.05).
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( 5.2%)
3

3.4 (<0.001).
,
.

[1,9].
,

2-3
( 2).

2.7
[1].
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*'*
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165 (36.6)

424 (94.0)
27 (6.0)
**
312(69.2)
139 (30.8)
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378 (84.0)
72 (16.0)
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22 (4.9)

/
444 (98.4)
7(1.6)
**
427 (94.7)
24 (5,3)

439 (97.3)
12 (2.7)
Too (%)
OR (95% Cl)
272 (77,5)
79 (22.5)
1
2.0 (14-2.7)
339 (36.6)
12(3,41
1
1.7 (0,8-3.6)
306 (87.2)
45 (12,8)
'
1
3.0(2.0-4,3)
323 (92.0)
28 (8.0)
1
2.2 (1.3-3.4)
323 (95.31
16(4.7)
2.3(1 2-4.1)
317(96.4)
12(3,6)
1
2.6 (1.3-5.0)
345 (98.3)
6(1.7)
1
2.9(1.1-7 3)
350 (09.7)
1 (0.3)
5 5(0.6-45.0)
348 (99.7)
1 (0.3)
19.5 (2.6-145)
349 (99.4)
2 (0.6)
1
4.7(1,0-21.4)
- 4 <0.05, ** <0.01, ***

<0.001
2- ,
,
2 ,
3 .

(OR=19.5) Lin RX-
(1993) [8].
,

.
4.7
.

, ().
3

>4
1-2
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/
/
4
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/1

-
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.
1
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1.5
1
1
1
1
0,000
0.001
0.3SS
1.5
1.8
1.4
2 7
0410
0.604
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0.987
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0183
0.415
0.204
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0.332
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0.113
0.002
0 023
0.040
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0.000
1.081
0.2S4
0.307
0 497
1.168
1 093
0.007
2.3
23
28
11
66
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3.32Q
1 027
0 001
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2221
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9.2

4- .

.
4

P (S /D ) %
2 3.0

(P A R ) %
18.0
5 .0
11.0
100
3 .0
7 .0
12.0
2 .0
12.0
2 7.0
18.0
70
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1.0
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9 .0
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4- PAR 10
6 ( ,
, ,
, , )

.
.
1- ,

.
2.
,

.
.
1.
Shingairai A Feresu, Sioban D Hariow,
Godfrey B Woelk. Risk factors for prematurity at
Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe. International J

Epidemiol. 2004; 33: 1194-1201.
2. Siega-Riz AM, Adair LS, Hobel CJ. Maternal
hematologic changes during pregnancy and the effect
of iron status on pre-term delivery in a West Los
Angels population. Am J Perinatoi 1998;15:515-22.
3.
Scholl TO, Reilly T. Anemia and pregnancy
outcome. J/Vur2000;130(2S Suppl.):443-47S.
4.
., ., .
.
. 1996.
5. ., .

.
,
. . 1995. .1113.
6.
Ballard JL, Khoury JC, Wedig K et al. New
Ballard Score: expanded to include extremely
premature infants. J Pediatr 1991; 119:417-23.
7.

..,
..: ,
1999.-156 .
8. Lin RX. Maternal, medical and obstet
complications are major risk factors for low birth weight
infant. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 1993 Jan; 28
(1): 24-6.
9.
Ferraz EM, G ray RH, Cunha TM.
Determinants of pre-term delivery and intrauterine
growth retardation in Northeast Brazil. IntJ Epidemiol
1990;19:101-07.
, :
, .
,

1, .1, .1,
.2
1
2
, .

,
,

.(Schlad G, Redl.H 2001).
- 2002
1-5
200,000 , 57%-,
,
. '
,
5-19%,
37-60% .
1/3 .
4.3
.

1
35.6%
40
2 (25.79) . ( ,
2001) 1998-2000
9.3% ,
61.1%
(., ., 2001). -
1997-2000
22%, 33.5%

(. ,
., 2004). 2001
15%-
(., . , 2001).

. 1986

30% .
Stephane Manning 1992
,
. 2002 -
, ricia Gomella
, (1
) . 1997
.
65% ,
(1 ) .

.
, .
, ,
,

,
.
, .
-
, - ^ ,
0 , ,
.
2000-2004 9-
'
0-28 86
(2000-2001 )
(2000-2004 )
.

SPSS
'"
,

.
:
86
67 (89.9%) , 19 (22.1%) ,
47 (54.7%) , 39 (45.3%)
.
1

-
8-29
2000
18
7
2001
18
0
2002
7
2
2003
8
2
2004
4
2
16
- 0-7
2000, 2001

. 2002
(
D

. :
- E.Coii
- Enterococcus
- Klebsiella
- Streptococcus-B
- Strephylococcus aureus

.

2 .
: 19
(22% ), 17 (19.7% ), ,
16 (18.6%),
28 (32.9%), 24 (28.5%),
23 (23.1% ),
27 (31.2%), 21
(15.5%), 28 (33.7%),
13 (15.5%),
49 (60.4%),
66 (78.6%).
: 55 (64.8%),
16 (18.6% ), 1
3 38 (45.8%), 5
6-

.
a p x a r

1
7
A-Q
1-3
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-'!
31-33
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1500
1501 -20 00
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27
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29
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23
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24
34
42
17
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31-33
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(2).

72

.
.
1.
.
(32.9%)
(33.7%), 31-33
(36%), 34-36 (32.5%),
(60.4%),
(78.6%),

(63.8%), 1 5
6- (94%),
(48.2%)
.
2. ,
, E.coli, Enterococc, Klebsiella,
S tre p to co cc, sta p h y lo c o c c aureus
.
.
1.
, 2001 .
2.
, 2001 .
3. 3. " ", 2002 .
4. ., . ;
, 2001 .
5. ., ., .

-
",
2003 , 5, 56-61
, :
.

-, ., .

.

.
M.PIechoki (1983)-

1015%- .

1,0-2,0 -

(Ellis ., 1991, Jurjen S, 1999) (3, 4, 5, 6).
Christian Kermer, Michael Rasse (1999)

,

, 7-14
,

(3, 4, 7).

^
.
, . -
1999-2003
514
52-
.

1.
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.
2. 1.5-2 4.5
,
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,

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( 1, 5, 9).
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2
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, -
.
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3.

I
4.

5.
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6.

8.

11.

9.
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.
,
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^ 514

.
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:
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1 99 9
692
j
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i
2000
2 00 1
I
I
583
593
2002
590
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3050
99
103
97
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1G 3
175
104
111
514
592
2003
X v ra p a n
rc o
X y ra p a n
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188
16 8
61
65
62
69
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319
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63 1
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55 8
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. X oep.
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34
36
33
30
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19
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46
4 1 .5
179
3 4 .S
16
3.1
- 1999
5 3050
514 16.8% -
( 1). 62.1% . 1999-2002
(66.3%) 2003
55.8% ,
(41.5%) .

.
2

(%)

Oh
TOO
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
99
103
97
3 6 ,3
3 7 ,8
4 3 ,4
5 1 ,2
4 0 ,0
4 1 ,6
104
111
514

0 04

2 9 ,4
2 4 ,2
2 3 ,7
20,1
26,1
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2 0 ,6
18,2
11,1
13,8
12,3
10,5
11,4
11,8
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2-
41.6% , 24.8%
, 11.8% , 21.8%
.
3

100
'
1
1999
2000
20 01
2002
20 0 3
"
04
25
29
20
30
1.1
1-1
00 0
40G
7. 1
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3
32
154
13
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406
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1 3
07
25
20
14
2
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20
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0-1
0
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52
33 G
05
25 0
Si
0 4
10
154 52-
, 102-
3- .

1.3% , X" 1.1%,
0.5%
.

99.5% .
.
3.1% -
.. 2-3%
.

40% -
(.., W.H.Archer) .
41.6% .
52
99.5% 7-8

.
.., ..
.
1. -
16,8%- , 62.1 %-
.
41.6% , 24.8% , 11.8%
, 21.8%
.
2. ,

(99,5%).
3.
2.4% ,
0.5%
1.9
.
.
1. . ., ..,
.. - .
.,1986, . 15-46.
2. ..,

// . 1986,
. . 39-41.
3. Archer W.H. "Oral Maxillo Surgery 1975, vol.
2; p. 1045-1063.
4. Ellis E., Ghali G.E. Lag screw fixation of
m andibular angle fractures. J Oral Maxillofac
Surg.1991;49: 234.
5. KermerCh., Rasse.M. Lag screw fixation of
anterior mandibular fractures using biodegradable
polyiactide screws: a preliminary report. J Oral
Maxillofac Surg1999, 57: p. 113-118.
6.
Potter 8 Ellis E. 3rd.Treatment of mandibular
angle fractures with a malleable noncompression
miniplate. J Oral Maxillofac Surg1996;7:864-871.
7. Rix L., Stevenson A.R., Punnia-Moorthy A.
An analysis of 80 cases of mandibular fractures
treated with m in ip ia te oste o synth e sis. J
Craniomaxillofac Surg 1988,1: p. 22-27
, :
.

.1, .1, . 2
1
2

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,
,
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,

(1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 15,
16,17).
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{13, 15, 16, 17).
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(13, 15, 16, 17).
.

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.
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2.

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113,
100
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.

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(<0.73).
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26-49
Brock
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. ., Berry G., Brinton L.A., Kerr , MacLennan R.,
Mock P.A. (1989), Edebiri A.A. (1990)
.

( <0.13)
(2003)
5

10%- , 9 60%-
, K ie lbe rg L., H allm ans G.,
Johansson R., Bregman F., Wadell G., Angstrom T.,
Dillner J.(2000)

.

(.). Kieiberg L., Hallmans
G., Johansson R., Bregman F., Wadell G., Angstrom
T., Dillner J.(2000), Schneider A., Holtz M., Gissmann
L, (1987), Rando R.P., Lindheim S., Hasty L.,
Sedlacek T.V., Woodland M., Eder C, (1989), Clark
E.A., Hatcher J., McKeon-Eyssen G.E., Lickrish
P M. (1985)

.

.
Brinton L.A., Reeves W.C.,
Brenes M.M., Herrero R, Gaitan E (1989)
,

.

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.
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(108, 168, 169, 170)
.

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,
Kielberg L., Hallmans
G., Johansson R., Bregman F., Wadell G., Angstrom
T., Dillner J.(2000) .
37

-
Clark .., Hatcher J., McKeon-Eyssen G.E.,
Lickrish G.M. (1985)
.
.
1.
36.710.89, SD 8.94,
25-49 .
2.
( <0.66),
(<0.13), (.64),
(<0.73)
.
3.

(<0.07), (Odd Risk=1.8 ), t o o
(<0.03), opox (Odd
Risk=3.05), (<0.03),
(Odd Risk=5.30), (<0.001)
.
.
1. .., ..
.
. ., 3.2002.
2. Bosch, F.X., Manos, .., Munoz, N..
Sherman, M., Jansen, A.M., Peto, J., Schiffman,
M.H., Moreno, V., Kurman, R., Shah, K.V. (1995) The
IBSCC S tudy G roup. P revalence of human
papillom avirus in cervical cancer: a wortwide
perspective. J. Nati. Cancer. Inst, 78, 796-802.
3.
Brinton L.A., Reeves W.C., Brenes M.M.,
Herrero R, Gaitan E, at al. Parity as rick for cervical
cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1989:130:486-496.
4. Brock K.E., Berry G., Brinton L.A., Kerr C.,
MacLennan R., Mock P.A., etal. Sexual, reproductive
and contraceptive risk factors for carcinoma-in-situ
of the uterine cervix in Sydney. Med J Aust 1989;
150:225-130.
5. Burk R.D. et al. Sexuai behavior and partner
characteristics are the predominant rick factor for
genital humn papillom avirus infection in young
women. J. Inf. Dis. 1996: 174: 679.
6. Clark E.A., Hatcher J., McKeon-Eyssen
G.E., Lickrish G.M. Cervical dysplasia: association
with sexual behavior, smoking and oral contraceptive
use? Am J Obstet gynecol 1985:151: 612-616.
7.
E debiri A .A ., C e rvica l in tra e p ith e lia l
neaplasia: the role of age at first intercourse in its
etiology. J Reprod Med 1990; 35: 225-259.
8. Franco, E.L., Rohan, T.E., Villa, L.L. (1999)
Epidemiologic evidence and human papillomavirus
infection as a necessary cause of cervical cancer. J.
Natl. Cancer Inst, 91,506-511.
9.
Holly .. et al. Mutagenic mucus in the
cervix of smokers. J. Nat. Cancer. Inst. 1986; 76;
983.
10. Kielberg. L., Hallmans G., Ahren A.M.,
Johansson R ., Bergman F., Wadell G., Ahgstrom
T., Dillner J.; Smoking, diet, pregnancy and oral
contraceptive use as risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in relation to human papillomavirus
infection. British Journal of Cancer. April 2000.
Volume 82,1332-1338.
11. Koutsky L. Epidemiology of genital human
papillomavirus infection. Am J Med 1997; 102: 3-8.
12. Casren O., Y liskoski M., M antijarvi R.,
Pyrhonen S., et ai. Sexual behavior of women with
human papiilomayirus(HPV) lesions of the uterine
cervix. Br J Vener Dis 1984; 60: 243-248.
13. Munoz M.M., Bosch F.X., Shah K.V, Meheus
A. The e p id e m io lo g y o f HPV and ce rvica l
cancer.lnternational Agency for Research on Cancer.
New York; Oxford University Press. 1992.
14. Oxford researchers: Oral Contraceptive

increase Cervical Cancer. The Lancet, 2000, 361:
1159-1167.
15. Schiffman M.H., Reccent progress in defining
the epidemiology of human papiliomavirus infection
and cervical neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst 1992; 84:
394-398.
16. Siffman M.H. Epidemoiiogy of cervical of
human papiliomavirus infection. Curr. Top. Microbiol.
Immunol. 1994; 56: 55-81.
17. Tonon S.A., Picconi M.A., Zinovich J.B et
al: Human papiliommavirus cervical infecction and
assocation rick factors in a region of Argentina with
a high incidence of cervical carcinoma. Infect. Dis.
Obstet. Gynecol. 1999: 7: 237-243.
, :
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98% Minucci
D (1991), PrendiviSI W., Cuilimore J., Norman S.
(1987,1989)
.
.

,
,
,

, (98%)
.
.
1.
John W. Seilors., R. Sankaranarayanan.
Colposcopy and Treatment of Cervical interaepithelial
Neoplasia; A Beginners' Manual 2003,1-132.
2.
Howe DT., Vincenti A.C.Is large loop excision
of the transformation zone (LLETZ) more accurate
than colposcopically directed biopsy in the diagnosis

of cervical intraepithelial neopiasia?Br J Obstet
Gynecol 1991; 98: 588-591.
3.
Prendi-ville W., Cuilimore J. Excision of the
transformation zone using the iow voltage diathermy
(LVD) loop: a superior method of treatment. Coipose
Gynecol Laser Surg 1987; 122S: 1-15.
4.
Prendiville W., Cuilimore J., NormanS. Large
loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ): a
new method of management for women with cervical
intraepithelial neoplasia. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1989;
96:1054-1060.
5.
Whiteley PF., Olah KS. treatment of cervical
intraepithelial neoplasia: experience with the iowvoltage diathermy loop. Am J Obster Gynecol 1990;
62:1272-1277.
6.
M o r-Y o s e f S., Lopes A., P earson S.,
M onagha n JM . Loop d ia th e rm y cone biopsy:
instruments and methods. Obstet Gynecol 1990; 75:
884-886.
7.
Minucci D., Cinel A., Insacco E. Diathermic
loop treatment for CIN and HPV lesions: a follow-up
of 130 cases. Eur J Gynecol Oncol 1991; 5:385-393.
8.
W rig h t T C ., G a g n o n S., R ic h a rt RN, ,
Ferenczy A. treatm ent o f cervical intraepithelial
neoplasia using the loop electrosurgical excision
procedure. Obstet Gynecol 1991; 79:173-178.
9.
Howe DT., Vincenti AC. Is large loop excision
of the transformation zone (LLETZ) more accurate
than colposcopically directed punch biopsy in the
diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia? Br J
Obstet Gynaecol 1991; 98: 588-591.
10. Murdoch JB., Grimshaw RN., Monaghan JM.
Loop diathermy excision of the abnormal cervical
transformation zone. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1991;
1:105-111.
11. Gold M., Dunton CJ., Murray J., MaconesG.,
Hanau C ..C arlson., JA Jr. Loop electrocautery
excisional procedure:therapeutic effectiveness as an
a b la tio n and a c o n iz a tio n e q u ivale nt..G ynecol
Oncoi1996; 61: 241-244.
12. M u rd o c h J B .,G rim s h a w R N .,M o rg a n
PR.,Monaghan JM.The impact of loop diathermy on
management o f early invasive cervical cancer.lnt J
Gynecol Cancer 1992; 2:129-133.
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2.
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3.
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4.
. .
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5.
.
6.
.
-1 1988.
7.
.
1972.
8.
. ., .

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9.
Manual of Radtographis interpretation for
General Practitioners, 1994.
10. . . ., . . .,
.. -
, 1987.
11. Bartter. T.,Santarelli. R., Akers. S.M., Pratter.
MR., The evaluation of pleural effusion. Chest,
106:1209-1214,1994.
12. Heitzman. E.R., Raasch. B.N., Disease of
the pleura. In: Graskin S.A.(ed). Heitzmans The
Lung, 3rd ed. St luois, Mosby -Year book, 1993. pp.
575-614.
13. K le in . J .S ., S c h a ltz . S., H e ffn e r. J.E
Interventional radiology of the chest: Image guided
percutaneous drainage of plueral effusions, Lung
abscess, and pneumothorax AJR, 164: 581-585,
1995.
14. L ig h t. R .W . P le u ra l D iseases, 3rd ed.
Baltimore, W illiams and W ilkins, 1995.
15. . C., , . P., Mac. .,
A. . 2003, .
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-3948
. ., 2004
4.
. ., 2000
5.
.
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6.
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8.
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9.

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)0. , 2000
.
. ., 2001
11.
, .
. ., 2004
12. - 2000.
, ., 2001
13. . Health
Indicators - 2001.
, ., 2002
14. . Health
Indicators - 2002.
, ., 2003
15. . Health
Indicators - 2003.
, ., 2004
16.
! . .,
2001
, :
,
.

.1, .2, .1
1 -2
2
.
( )
,

()
. (WHO, 1992; Am onoo-Lartson et
al,1994; Starfield 1998, Segall, 2003).

. 1981 "

;

.
,

.

(referral)

-

(WHO
1992; Amonoo-Lartson et al 1994, Barnum and Kutzin
1993; W HO 2000, Segall, 2003).

,

,

.

(McKee and Healy, 2002).

-
.
,
,

.

' -2 " 2 0 0 8
1000 6.0 ,
9.0
(., 2004).

.
,

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.
,

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:
1. 2004 9
, ,
, ,

2. ,

.

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,

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2004 9 -
, , , ,
4268 ,

3611
5 -
.

.
.

2004
9 4268
49257 49%
, 51%
.

55% ,
57% , 48%,
40% , 45%
,
.

3% 128

. :
,
, ,
, ,
, , ,
,
, ,
,
,
, ,

.

49,8%-,
3% -
52,8 .
52%
( 1).

76,3%

. " ,
,
"
.

62%,
47,6%, 31%,
39%
( 3).
4 7 .2 |
.
3 5 2 .8
1 -
()

43 |
52
2. -
()

. ( 4- ) '
62%
, 56% , 51%
, 45% ,
42% .
76.3
4 ?.
sd
'
mst
iksa

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3. -

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4. -

(
)
0, 1
- 5
11,5 .
.
2 0 0 4 9
3611 ?
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, 16,3%
, 3,7% (
5.

()

* 7 3611

.
" 541
15% ,
()" 557
15,4% , "
() 599
16,5% . 3

4 6 ,9
).
()
1.
- 5 2004
9 42 6 8

52,8% .
'

62000
.

3-
,
49,8%
.
2. - 5
52
48
.

,
"
.
3.

11,5

.

.
4. 2004
9 3611 39
, 23 , 16

78
.
5.
46
,
,
"
.

.

,
.
6.

.
^

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1.

.

.

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-

.

.
2.

.

,
,

,

,
.

.
3.

.

.
4.

(B a rn u m and Kutzin, 1993,
Edwards et al, 2004)

.
, ,

.
5.

"
-

.
.
1. R Amonoo-Lartson, G.J.Ebrahim, H.J.Lovel and
J.P.R anken D istrict Health Care: Challenges for
planning, organization, and evaluation in developing
countries 1994, 2nd ed, Macmillan Education LTP,
London
2. Barnum H and Kutzin J, Public hospitals in
develop ing c o u n trie s 1993, The John Hopkins
University Press, USA.
3. Edwards N, Wyatt S and McKee M, Configuring
the hospital for the 21al century, Policy brief, 2004,
WHO Regional Office for Europe
4. Healy J and McKee M, 2002 The role and
function of hospitals, Ch4 in Hospitals in a changing
Europe, ed M cKee M and Healy J 2002, Open
University Press, Buckingham.
5. Segall M, District health System in a neoliberal
world: a review of five key policy areas, International
Journal of Health Planning and Management, 2003,
18, S5-S26
6. tarfield B 1998 Primary Care: Balancing health
needs, services, technology. Oxford, University Press
7. WHO, The Hospital in Rural and Urban Districts,
Report of a W HO Study Group on the functions of
the hospitals at the first-referral level. WHO Geneva,
1992
8. W HO The World Health Report 2000: Health
Systems: Improving Performance WHO, Geneva,
2000
9. . 2 &
,
2004,
10. . ,
" , 2005,18

.1, .2, .2,
.3
1-, -
2
3

[4].

.
,

[2].

, ,

.

2 0 -
[1, 2]

.
,
,

[6].
- , -

(, ,
)
.
,

.

.
.
,

.
:
1. ,
;
2.
,
;
3. , ,
,
, .
5- 17 , 3-

(
MNS (ISO) 4256-95,
MNS (ISO) 4891-99) [3, 5, 7]-
.
.
1

(CPU/)
'

Max
1.10'
'
0
1-10
*
4> 10
-10
0<10'
210'
Xarac
6-10'
>10
5-10!
10
14<10'
2s 10
10
< ;
!
2.10-'
-
200-600,
500-600,
200, 200-1400,
600-800 .
Max
,

.
:
:
:
:
1.
,
.
,
.
-

( 2).
2

1130
( )
5
( eq)

(Max ;)

(*&oi
()
IXvh )

( xjo
!

( iiaoaiii
H;S
0
0
0
0
0
0

Cilmbaeter
Fraund.i
Citrobecler
Freundii
Efilercbaclar
/.!~:5
tznlercbactcr
fiantom eisns
E nleroliscier
Astfsmerans
Proteus
bMmbt!!s
E niercbsclcr
A.gglsmerzns
Cdrciizclcr
Fnumdii
- H2S -
- -
-
Enterobacter agglom erans Max , "
,
,
, C itro b a c te r fre u n d ii
,
" , Proteus mirabilis
" "
.
3

( )

=
TOO
-7
TOO
/z n te ro b a c to r
C itro b a c to r
P ro lo u s
50
25
%
50
Max
=3
TOO
%
33.3
--1
TOO
%
SO
=4
%
1
25
=17
TOO
235
1/.
E n te ro b a c te r ", " "

50%-, Max
33.3%-, Citrobacter
50%-, 25%, Proteus " " 25% -
.

23.5%- Enterobacter, 17.6%- Citrobacter, 5.9%-
Proteus .
TOO
E n ie r c b s c lc r
C ilr o b s d e r
P ro te u s
%
20
TOO
25

Xarac
n=3
n=3
TOO
%
Tool
%
TOO
%
2 (SG.e 1 I 50
1 33.3
I
1 33 3
1 I 50 ;
10
0
Jypar 2
cepouc QMax :
TOO :
4
3
1
23 5
! 1 7 .6
! 5.9
3.
___________________
[ ;

.

.
.
5

, .
E n te ra - E n te ro - E n tc ro - E n tc ra - G tro b a c to r b s c te r b a c le r b a c te r b a c lo r
CyGo
Mouror
xaa
Xarac
yrnara'
20
n=17
Enterobacter 66.6%-,
5 0 % - , 3 3.3% - ,
C itro b a c te r 2 0 % - ,
25% - 33.3%-,
Proteus 50% - .
17-
2 3 .5 % - E n te ro b a c te r, 17.6% -
Citrobacter, 5.9%- Proteus .
- so
X
40
30
"-5
60
=
jS

,

. "Max , "
"

.
4

( )
+i-+
++++
++++
tt-ft
++1-+
+++
+++
++
t++
+++t
ft*
t t+
+t+
*+t+
Xyn
bsder
Clin>
b a cto r
P rc tc u s
Xyn
Xarsc -
yrnarai
'
t+ tt
++
*+++
+*+1-
-+++
t+++
0
+++
+++
0
t- T f
t+ ti
++++
t+ t
+ t+ t
t+++
Max
Crfra-
K M
ttt
+T +
<++
+ ++
tt
t++
t+
+ 1-++
++
*+ + +
t t t t
0
t+ + t
+++
ttt-f
t+
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0
0
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tt*
tt
+t

. :
(+) 7-12, (++) 12-18,
(+++) 18-24, (++++) 25-
.
Enterobacter- ,

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. " "

,
, ,

, ,
.

, , ,

. ,
, ,

.
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,
, ,
,
, , ,

.
.

.
6

HS
()
.
|
C itro b a c te r
F re u n d ii
C itro b a c le r
F re u n d ii
C itro b a d o r
F ro u n d ii
-
H2S -
-
-
-
,
C itrobacter fre u n d ii-
.
7
Citrobacter-

++
++-)+-!++
-4-
+++
+++
+++
+++
++++
+
+++
+++
+++
(VX3D1
+
++
0
0
- -+ +
++++
,
-
, - ,
.
,
, , ,

, ,
.
. ,
, xarac ,
.
1400
, xarac
.
"

75%-

.

.

.
.
1.

47

E nteroba cter aggiom erans, C itrobacter freundii,
C itro b a c te r fre u n d ii ,
2 3 .5 % - E n te ro b a c te r, 17.6% -
Citrobacter, 5.9%- Proteus .
2. Enterobacter
,
Citrobacter ,

Citrobacter .

.
3.

.
4. ,

.
5. ,

.
.
1. ., . "
-2003
2. . , ., .
" , "
-2004
3. . , . , . , .

-
, too -1989
4. . . , .. , ..
1965 .22-37
5. . , . , .

" -1999
6. . " " -2002
.15-17, 235-250
7.

-2000
, :

.

. 1, . 2, . 1
1
1"

(., 1993; .,
1990; ., 1990; ., 1999;
, 2004).
31 76 120

64.2%-
, 35.8% -
. 34.4%
, 15.9% ,
4- 10-
3
(.,
1990).

19.4%

5 .6 %

(., 1999).

,
.
. ^
Elymus chinensis
,
.
, .
- - ,
-
, -

, -
,
.

Elymus
chinensis-
,
Elymus chinensiS'Mi/iH .

0 .1 2 5 ( 7 .0 )
24-48 .
8000 20
0,45
(Spectra pore 3, Molecularporous
membrane tubing M.W.C.O; 3500, Spectrum, CA,
USA) . 0.2
,
.
(HOEFER scientific
in c . S a n F ra n c is c o , CA, U S A ) 13.5% -

0.5, 1.0, 2.0/

5 Coomassie
Brilliant Blue .
, . E LIS A -
(Bradford- )
Elym us chinensis- 1
1,45/
.

.
1
E.chinensis-

U nknow ns
Samole
UtiQ1
Un02
Wvils
a:
Aa
01
130
V ih jf,
OuHisc.
' S?,i .C u i-i-f
1 '1
0 13
0 3
S id
8!> i? ii
~<4
H 5 !;
IKv C!'%
12*' ?3Q
C 1")
S3
.14,461 x 100 = 1446,1 m g/tnl = !.4 5 in g /m l
Elymus chinensis 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 /

13.5%- SDS-PAGE
13-11 19
.
13,18,
12, 39, 45, 68, 70, 82, 90, 110kDa .
13 39 i<Da

( 1).
A D
120 kDs
85 k D ;
60
50kDa
40 kD a
-
E.chinensis-mtH

05kD a
20 kD a
- 0,5 m g/m l
C - 1,0 m g/m l
D - 2,0 m g/m l
15 kD a
1. E.chinensis-
SDS-PAGE
Susheela Sridhara
C enchrus ciliarus SDS
7

8 0 ,7 0 ,6 0 ,5 0 ,4 5 ,3 0 ,2 8 kDa .
Phieum pratense, Imperatab
* y lin d ric a -
110, 95, 90, 70, 67, 60, 57, 50,
47, 40, 30, 16 kDa 11 .
Petersen Timothy grass
Phieum pratense- W estern blotting
33, 35, 37 kDa
.

.
Elymus chinensis-
.
E lym us c h in e n s is - 19
13 39
.
.
1. ., . .
. 2003,47,8788,413
2. .

. -
.
.1999
3. .
-. , -
1990
4. .

. .
. . . . 1990 9-12
5. Arja Viinanen, S.Munhbayarlah et al. Asthma,
allergic rhino co n ju n ctivitis and sensitization in
Mongolia. 2002 x 6-7
6. Allergy. W hich allergens? A Service from
Pharmacia AB.1985.p1,1:5
7. Amato D., Spieksma FTM et al. P ollen-relied
allergy in Europe. Allergy 1998; 53:567-578.
8. D aniel MB, S tu a rt JE. P rotein m ethods.
Department of Biochemistry University of Geneva,
Switzerland. 1991:95-114
9. Gokbulak F. Comparison of growth performance
o f Lolium perenne
Dactylis glomerata L. and
Agropyron elongatum (Host.) P.Beauv. for erosion
control in Turkey. J Environ Biol. 2003 Jan; 24(1):
45-53
10. K e rs tin A n d e rs s o n ..J o n a s Lidholm .
Characteristics and im munobiology of Grass Pollen
Allergens. Int Arch Allergy immunol 2003; 130: 87107
11. Suphioglu C., Blaher B., Rolland JM et al.
Molecular basis of IgE-recognition of Lol p5, a major
allergen of rye-grass pollen. Mol immunol. 1998 Apr;
35(5): 293-305
12. Vrtala S., Grote M et al. Properties of tree
and grass pollen allergens-reinvestigation of the
linkage between solibility and ailergenicity.lnt Arch
Allergy Immunol 1993; 102:160-169.
, :
.
-

.1.2.2
1
,
2

:

-3
, 17

8.002mg/100mg.
1.014mg/1 OOmg , 0 .0 9 5 /
.
7

36.19%- .
: -3
. -3
( G y m n a d e n ia c o n o p s e a R B .ro w n ),
nv\p,ep(Sophora a lo p e c u ro id e s L),
(Halenia sibirica Bork) Ma)
,
, 1. -3
,
,
.
, .
(
1989) 3
835-50
.
4 1 5 0 ,
2619#, : 57.
0 .3 / .
( ,
,
3.4), : 0.225/
. 3
. 570 , 440.
: 72 .
-3 40
15- +110- 22-24
. 50 6
. 1 -
40 - . 0.02
- 1
.
, .
3
17
. 1-
. 7
1- .
1
3
()
I
3
5
7
9
II
13
15
17

ASP
9.86
1.014
2
SER
11.30
0.396 4
GLY
17.09
0.349 6
CYS
21.04
0.131 8
MET* 24.20
0.095 10
LEU ' 26.48
0.608 12
PHE* 30.24
0.516 14
HIS
38.33
0.189 16
PRO
0.928

THR* 10.62
0.418
GLU 12.44
0.742
ALA
19.17
0.324
VAL* 21.69
0.510
ILE*
25.21
0.394
TYR
28.68
0.308
LYS* 34,21
0,355
ARG 46.02
0.459
:
8.002
:
2.896
* "
01
ul j
mi!' \
\
if
:
I SS
! f
'/v jf '
i i
I!
i/j__LLLL
i
t III
II
1. -3

.
1. -3 17
. : Lys. Asp. Glu. Leu. Phe. Val.
Ala. Lie. Gyl. Arg. Pro. Ser-
-3
.

-3

.
2. 17
7
.
2.896/100
36.19% - . ^

(Leu) - (0.608/
100).
, :
,
.
(Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) -

., .

,
,
,
,
,

.
40-

(40% )
,
[1],
XX

,

. :
,
,

, , ,
,
,
,
Gastrofungin,
Befungin, Inonotus obliquus
[4,5].
,

, ,

.
. ,

(Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) 1:)-

;
:
1.

2.
,
3.
4.
5.

, .
- -
GC-4890
.
-

.
1.
- XI
1:10
70%-
( ) [2].
2. ,

12

.
3.
100 10 2 -

100 - 40
.

.
4.
50 1 ,
2 (+ )

100 - 60
2 ,
.
5.

( : -4:1)

-225 150-250
, 20 /-
.
, .

[3 ]
,

. 1- .
1

Na
()
0.385
2.753
5.265
6,921
8.743
9.072
2
3
4
5

,4

.
,5

,,

12.599
7
8
9
10
12.599
12.826
14.051
25

(%)
0.44
0.61
4.44
0.71
21.46
2.43
11.74
30.70
12 91
771
93.15
(Inonotus
obliquus (Fr.) Pilat)-eec 70% -
(30.70% ),
(21.46% ), (12.91 % )-
, (0.71% ),
(0.61 %), (0.44%)
.
1-
.
25

(0.985 ),
(14.388 ) .
.

(Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilat)

.

93.15%-
39.41% , 53.74%
.
(30.70%) (12.91%)
.
.
1.
. ,
3. . 2005. .12-14.
2.
. . , . . ,
. . , ^
XI. 1. . . 1987. .
105-110.
3.
.., -
. . -
". 1997. . 414-416.
4.
http://www.rlsn0t.ru/opisdrua/
MNNDescr.php?mnnid:::3202
5.
www.pubmed.net
jT__________ ii _ _________ __________a.J
1.

, :
.

. \ . 1, .2
1
2 -
()
,
,
,
,
io iv i (- ,
1982).

, (J.Goodvin
, 1976; A. . , 1982;
.., .., .., 1992).
1980 i

, 3
. :
1. (dilatation)
2. (hypertrophic)
.
flB tU , ,
.
3. (restrictive) .

, : ,
, ,
, ,

.
1995, 1999
. :
(, 1999):
1.
:
1.1. (hypertrophic)
1.2. (dilatation)
1.3. (respective)
2.
:
2.1. (arrhythmogenic)
2.2. (specific)
2.3. (ischaemic)
2.4. (valvular)
2.5. (hypertensive)
2.6. (inflammatory)
2.7. (metabolic)
.
- , ,

.
, -

,

, ,
. 1992-2004
149
61,7% ,
3 8 ,2 %

2
.
48.121.14,
40-49 , (24.63.52%),
(1 6 .7 3 .0 5 % ) ,
(50.34.09%)

. .

,
.

,
.
,.0

4 8 .9 9 4 .5 %

()- 84.94.2%,
15.1 4.2% , - 51.05.7%
21.14.7%,
7 8 .9 4 .7 %
.

(..
, 1997., .. , 2002)
,

2
,
,

.

,

,
.

()

( .
( 1)
- ,

-
-
,
.
1

2 .4 3 t-0 .9 %
10.9+-2.97%
11.29+-.8%
37.5+-5.48%
3 2.4+-4.4 %
28.3+-6.6%

_>

-,7 ()
++>
9.2+-1.4%
5,9+-2.3%
11.6+-1.6%
8 .81 - 2 .8 %
12.51-2.75%
5.51-1,9 %
8 .3 3 f-2 .3 %
9.9+-3.54%
6.06+-2.94%
7.57+-3.25 %
7.64+-?.21%
6.06+-2.94 %
3.2 4+-0.35
3.26+-0.18
:
1.
,
, ,
,

2.
, , ,
,

( )

3.

,
4.

, ,
, ,

5.

,
,
(ESD, EDD) , (FS)
,
(ESV, EDV)
6. G
7.
,

8.
, 700 ,
,
1 ,
,

9. ,
,
,

:
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Age dependence of the hemodynamic

param eters in th e basal cerebral
arteries of healthy mongolians
G.Tsagaankhuu, R.Munkhbayar, J.Sarangerel
University of Health Sciences
Purpose: The present study investigates the age
dependence of hemodynamic parameters in cerebral
arteries of healthy mongolians.
Methods: 300 healthy mongolians over 20 years
old with no history of cerebral vascular disease were
divided into 6 age groups and investigated with
doppler ultrasound. The peak systolic, end diastolic
and mean velocities as well as the pulsatility index
were measured in all basal cerebral arteries.
Results; The mean ve lo citie s in the middle
cerebral artery in the age groups 18-30, 31-40, 41-50,
51-60 61-70 and 71-80 years old respective were
7014, 639, 6210, 568, 5512, 5011 cm/sec.
The linear correlation coefficient for the definition of
age dependence of mean velocity (r = -0,9512)
showed a decrease of the flow velocity with increasing
age. The pulsatility index increased gradually with
advancing age (r = 0,8198). The mean velocities for
women showed 14% higher values as for men (p <
0 , 00 1 ).
Conclusion: The blood flow velocity in the cerebral

arteries is depending on age and gender. With
advancing age, the blood flow velocity decreases,
whereas the pulsatility index increases gradually. The
wom en show h ig h e r v e lo c itie s as men. Our
measurements of hemodynamic parameters can be
used as norm param eters of cerebral arteries in
h ea lthy m o n g o lia n s. They are s im ila r to the
investigations of foreign researchers.
Pp 4-6, Tables 4, Figures 2, References 12
Study of cellular Immunity in patients with
acute leukemia
S.Chimedtseren, L.Enkhsaikhan, G.Batbaatar
Microbiology and Immunology department
Health Sciences University of Mongolia
The study group consisted of 38 children aged 218 yet^s, diagnosed with acute leukemia. Of them,
71.1% were diagnosed with acute lym phoblastic
leukem ia (A L L ) and 28,9% w ere w ith acute
myelobiastic leukemia (AML).
The num ber of CD3 and CD4 positive T cells
among 2-14 aged patients with acute leukemia were
significantly lower (p<0.01) compared with the same
age children of control group.
The results showed that it is essentia! to combine
the immuno-correction with the maintenance therapy
for patients with acute leukemia simultaneously.
Pp 6-8, Tables 4, References 12
Research for the analysis of bacterial culture
in prostate secretion
M.Munkhjargal1, M.Namsrai1, B.Dash2
State Central clinical hospital, Urology
departm ent
2State Central clinical hospital, Laboratory

department
Now days chronic prostatitis is one of the most
common and inadequately examined and with poor
treatment practice. Young and middle-aged men who
conduct active sexual iife commonly develop the
disease of chronic prostatitis and therefore get into
crisis in sexual and reproduction functioning.
The epidemiology statements about the chronic
prostatitis are relatively limited and widely differ.
Russian researchers say that 8-35% of the men aged
20 to 40 have developed the disease.
Purpose: To select an optimal method for chronic
prostatitis according to the analysis results of prostate
secretion culture.
Materials and methods: M aterials of 1255
patients for whom the analysis of prostate secretion
cu ltu re had been m ade fo r chronic p ro sta titis
treatment purposes at the central laboratory of the
State Clinical Hospital between 2000 and 2004 have
been included in the research. The prostate secretions
were extracted with rectal massage method and were
cultured in Mac-Conk blood feeding agar environment
for bacteria growth. And the bacteria found after
culturing were tested for antibiotic resistance with a
disk method.
Results: The patients involved in the research
classified by age are as follows: aged 21-30 was
31,3%, 31-40 was 28,4%. The secretions comprised
of Staph Heam olyticus 45,8%, gram (-) bacillus
23,4% and E Coli 10,5%. The bacteria were mire
sensitive to ciaforan 61,7%, gentamycin 51,6% and
cephasolin 46,8% . 92,4% of the bacteria were
sensitive to antibiotics and 7,6% were resistant. The
bacteria such as Staphylococcus 49,1% and gram
(-) bacillus were more resistant.
C onclusions: The patients with chronic prostatitis
are getting even younger. As the study implies that
m ost ch ro n ic p ro s ta titis cases are caused by
bacteria, it clearly demonstrates the need to properly
choose the antibiotics treatments. The improper use
of common antibiotics is assumed to be a significant
reason of the increase in the bacteria an tib io f .
resistance.
Keywords: Chronic prostatitis, prostate secretion,
bacteria, antibiotics sensitivity, antibiotics resistant
bacteria
The roentgenographical value of seila turcica

in healthy Mongolians
Ts.Badamsed1, S.Saintegsh2
'The Medical Research Institute
2The Shastin Central Clinical Hospital
W e have been in v e s tig a te d the roentgenographicai m easurem ents of sella turcica of 240
healthy Mongolians by method of Rochiin D.G.(1955)
using apparatus Medix-130 and "X-ray-30 in Shastin
Central Clinical Hospital between 2003-2004.
We found that:
Vertical size of human skull -13.010.05cm
Sagittal size of skull - 18.140.07cm
3. Shape of sella turcica: a. oval - 53.33%9.11
b. round-45.83%9.1 c. deep - 0.83%1.66
4. Vertical size of sella turcica - 0.950.01cm
5. Sagittal size of sella turcica - 1.150.01cm
6. Vertical size of clinoid sinus - 1.270.02cm
7. Sagittal size of clinoid sinus - 3.180.063cm
A seroepidemol study of distribution of

taeniasis
G.Darambazar1, D.Dulamsuren2, D.Temuulen1,
A.Gurbadam1
'Department of Medical Biology, School of
Biomedicine, HSUSVI,
2Nationa! Center of Communicable Disease
qdarambazar@vahoo.com
According to the parasitological laboratorys data
of the M ongolian N ational C enter of [infectious
Disease, taeniasis takes the second place among
helminthiasis in Mongolia (D.Ganbold, D.Dulamsuren
2003).
J.C.Allan (1990), D.Temuulen (2003) have created
some biological preparation to diagnose taeniasis and
recommended to carry out distribution research on
taeniasis by the serological research method.
The cross section research of distribution of
taeniasis is covered 917 person, living in 21 aimags
located in three geographical zones of the country
and in the Ulaanbaatarcity. We used antigen prepared
by D.Temuulen (2003), antibody is measured indirect
ELISA method. [16]
D is trib u tio n o f ta e n ia s is am ong th e adult
pop ula tio n of M ongolia has 6.430.81, % and
seroprevalence T.saginata were found in 30-39 age
most higher (9.25) and in 50-59 age most lower (4.27).
. The infection of T.saginata depends on professional
feature.
Distribution of taeniasis depends on number of
cattle and population density, geographical zone and
climatic conditions.
Result of percutaneous transluminal

coronary angioplasy (PTCA) and implantation
of stent
D.Tsegeenjav1, Z.Lhagvasuren1,
Ts.Damdinsuren2
'Research Institute of Health
2Shastin Clinical Central Hospital
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a serious and
common disease that it influences the prognosis and
quality of life of patients. Coronary artery angioplasty
(CAA) is the most effective treatment for patients
with CAD. Coronary artery angioplasty of CAD very
significant to improve lifestyle, to reduce mortality
and protecting of infarct myocarda.
All patients are examined at the Department of
Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic surgery and
L a b o ra to ry fo r R o e n tg e n o su rg ica l m ethods of
investigations of the Shastin Central Clinical Hospital
in 2000 to 2004.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the early
and late clinical results after percutaneous coronary
intervention. Preoperative data were obtained relative
to diabetes 5(8.06%), peripheral vascular disease 4.
(6.45%), hypertension 26 (41.94%), prior myocardial
infarction 44(70.97%).
The outcomes of coronary arteriography of patients
aged 28-79 years, who had coronary heart disease
with different lesions coronary arteries: Left main
coronary trunk 0.84%, LAD 40.34%, LCx 13.15%,
DB 6.72%, RCA 33.61% and PDA 3.36%.
R e v a s c u la riz a tio n o f the m yocarda by
endovascular m ethods was accom plished in 62
patients. LAD of LCA 40(50.63%), RCA 26(32.91%),
and Cx and DB LCA were 11(13.92%). The early and
late results of coronary arterial angioplasty and
stenting were analysed in 62 patients with significant
stenosis coronary artery.
The s tu d y show s th a t, th e re w ere early
complications 3.22%; late complications 14.52%. It
is concluded that, the success rate of the coronary
intervention was 91.8%.
Ischemic changes on the ECG at rest, recorded
in the preoperative period, disappeared following
surgical interventions. In all the patients, myocardial
contractility (EF) after intervention rose by 4-8% on
an average as compared to the initial level. All the
patients were discharged in satisfactory condition.
In all p a tie n ts we recom m ended to take
antiaggregation doses Plavix during month and longacting nitrates.
C linical s p e cifica tion o f C ardiom yopathy

am ong M ongolian pop ula tio n
D.Narantuya1, H .C hingere!1, J.Dechm aa2
1Health Science U niversity o f M ongolia
Medical and obstetrical risk factors for

preterm delivery
Z.Gerelmaa, D.Malchinkhuu, B.Shijirbaatar
Health Sciences University
2 A ch Medical School
A total of 149 adults with Cardiomyopathy were
selected. From of them 61.7% are men. Men are two
times more than women. Average age is 48.11.14.
Consumpion of alcohol are noted in 24.63.52% and
tobaco in 16.73.05%.
Primary Cardiomyopathy are 48.94.5% hence
Dilated Cardiomyopathy are occurred in 84.94.2%
and Hypertrophic Cardiom yopathy in 15.14.2%.
Secondary Cardiom yopathy are 51 5.7% thence
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy are happened in 21.1 4.7%
and others in 78.94.7%. Dilated Cardiomyopathy
has a specific distress that are swell and palpitation,
whereas Ischemic Cardiomyopathy has a specific
syndrom as if angina pectoris. For examination,
pathology systolic sound and arrhythmia are more
occurred in Dilatate Cardiomyopathy than ischemic
C ardiom yopathy am ong M ongolian population.
Abovenamed results are a sim ila r the results of
foreign researchers.
Pp 23-25, Table 1, References 5
S ocio-dem ographic and rep ro du ctive risk
factors fo r preterm delivery
Z.Gerelmaa, D .M alchinkhuu, B .S hijirb aata r
Health Sciences U niversity
Background and Purpose: Prematurity remains
the main cause of morbidity and mortality in infants
and a problem in the care of pregnant women world
wide. The purpose of our study was to identify socio
demographic and reproductive risk factors for having
a live preterm delivery in Mongolia.
Methods: This case-control study examined risk
factors for pre-term delivery at maternity hospitals in
UB and 6 other aimags between 1997- 2001 years.
Cases were 451 live born pre-erm infants. Controls
were 351 live bom full-term infants. Statistical analysis
was carried out using statistical package SPSS 10.0.
Multivariable analysis by logistic regression examined
the relative importance of risk variables associated
with preterm birth.
Results: S ignificant independent associations
with preterm birth were found the following factors:
young (<20 years) m aternal age, low (J8 grade)
education, low (<40 kg) pregravid weight, smoking
habit of expecting mother, history of previous and
habitual preterm delivery, miscarriage.
C o nclu sion s: Maternal socio-demographic and
reproductive factors are risk factors for preterm
d e live ry. T he s o lu tio n o f s o c ia l prob lem s and
reproductive education should become the priority of
health policy.
K ey w o rd s : P re te rm d e liv e ry , p re m a tu rity,
maternal factors, gestational age.
Background and Purpose: Medical and obstetric

complications are believed to be a risk factor for
preterm d e livery. We undertook a study of the
association between m edical and obstetric risk
factors and pre-term delivery.
Methods: In this hospital-based case-control
study, we enrolled 802 newborns from UB and 6 other
aimags. Cases were 451 live born pre-term infants.
C ontrols w ere 351 live born fu ll-te rm infants.
Statistical analysis was carried out using statistical
package SPSS 10.0. M u ltivariable analysis by
logistic regression examined the relative importance
of risk variables associated with preterm birth.
Attributable risk percent (AR%) was used to estimate
the proportion of preterm delivery that might be
prevented.
Results: Significant independent associations
with preterm birth were found the following factors:
hypertension, pyelonephritis, sexually transmitted
in fe ctio n (S T I), g e sto sis, m u ltip le pregnancy,
premature rupture of the membranes, late pregnan/ V
bleeding and lack of prenatal care. The preventabfe
determ inants o f preterm delivery were gestosis
(AR=18%), pyelonephtitis (AR=18%), previous and
habitual preterm delivery (AR=12), m iscarriage
(AR=10), lack of prenatal care (AR=11%) and low
maternal pregravid weight (AR=10%). About 20% of
the preterm delivered mothers were not attended
prenatal care at all.
Conclusions: Maternal medical and obstetric
com plications are m ajor risk factors for preterm
delivery. Addressing prematurity in this population
will require earlier initiation of prenatal care to allow
for early detection and management of complications
of pregnancy, and improving quality of prenatal care.
Key words: P reterm d e live ry, prem aturity,
maternal medical and obstetric factors, attributable
risk, gestational age.
Etiology and factors of infectious
S. Lkhamsuren1, B. Shijirbaatar2, T. Enkhtuya1,
D.Ouynchimeg1
1Maternal and Child Health Research Center
2Health Sciences University of Mongolia
From the study results we concluded the follow iiv.
1. Infant morbidity and mortality have not been
decreasing (due to the infectious meningitis).
Maternal factors of the infectious meningitis of
infants were: maternal acute (32.9%) and chronic
(33.7%) diseases, 31-33 weeks of gestation (36%),
34-36 weeks of gestation (32.5%), early rupture of
fetal membranes (60.4%) and green amniotic fluid
with fuel smell (78.6%).
Infant's factors of the infectious m eningitis of

infants were: sm all and very sm all birth weight
(63.8%), Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes is 6 and
less (94%) and getting reanimation therapy at births
(48.2%).
Pp 30-32, Tables 2 References 5
Treatment of mandibular fractures

n onco m p re ssio n miniplate
Khentii L , Oyunbat B, Puntsag Ch.
We have treated 154 patients with diagnosis the
fracture of mandible, including 52 patients were made
minipiate method and 102 patients were made simple
method.
Osteomyelitis complications have occured 1.3%
patients who had compination therapy, 1.1% patients,
who had *x* shape osteosynthesis surgery and 0.5
% patients, who had m in ip la te oste o syn th e sis
surgery.
In our estimation the miniplate osteosynthesis is
the best therapy in the mandible fractures.
Pp 32-34, Tables 3, Pictures 13, References 7
Factors of Preinvasive C ervical Disease
The Issue of Preinvasive Cervical Disease

Treatment
G.Lkhagvajargal1, D .Avirm ed1, B.Jav2
1The National Cancer Center of Mongolia
2Health Sciences Univercity of Mongolia
The one hundred one women who were admitted
to the gynecolo gical surgery departm ent of the
National Cancer Center of Mongolia were diagnosed
with cervical in tra e p ith e lia l neoplasia by using
cytology, biopsy, and colposcopy methods. They had
loop electrosurgical excision procedure for treatment,
as well as follow-up checks within two years with
colposcopy and cytology tests and the treatment
outcome was found to be 98% effective.
A fte r the tre a tm e n t, 4.9% o f them had
postoperative bleeding complication and 2% of them
had mild pain in their lower abdomens and backs.
However, co m p lica tio n s such as postoperative
infection, inflam m ation, and sig n ifica n t cervical
stenosis didnt occur.
Pp 38-41, Tables 3, References 12.
X-ray diagnosis of pleural effusion

T. Purevjav.
Central university hospital

G .Lkhagvajargal1, D.Avirmed1, B.Jav2
The National Cancer Center of Mongolia

The study was carried out at the gynecological
surgery department, the gynecological outpatient
section, and the cytology laboratory of the National
Cancer Center of Mongolia, including the central
research laboratory of the National Medical University
of Mongolia from 2001 to 2004. One hundred thirteen
wom en dia gn o sed w ith c e rv ic a l in tra e p ith e lia l
neoplasia and one hundred women with no detectable
cervica l ie s io n s -c lin ic a lly h e a lth y w om en-w ere
examined and diagnosed by colposcopy and cytology
tests, as well as cervical biopsies. In order to detect
risk factors of preinvasive cervical disease, these
women were given an oral interview. There was a
higher incidence of preinvasive cervical disease
among women aged 25-49, with the average age being
36.710.87, SP 8.94.
Factors such as educational level (P<0.66), use
of birth control pills (P<0.13), num ber o f births
(P<0.64), and being a smoker (P<0.73) didnt appear
so influence the risk of preinvasive cervical cancer.
Furthermore, factors such as number of abortions
(P<0,07), (Odd Risk=1.8), number of pregnancies
(P<0.03), early age of intercourse (P<0.03), (Odd
R isk= 3.0 5), and the n u m be r o f sex partners
(P<0.001), (Odd Risk=5.30) appeared to increase the
risk of preinvasive cervical cancer.
Pp 35-38, Figures 2, References 17.
Pleural effusion is com m only spread disease

throughout the world. In early years Pleural effusion,
used to be originated from TBC, but nowadays
Pleural effusion, caused by kidney, or systematical
diseases and also it is occured from cancers often.
The best way to diagnose the Pleural effusion properly
is through X-ray examination.
Pp 41-43, Pictures 4, References 15
Level of inappropriate admission at tertiary and

secondary hospitals
R.Byam baa1, S.Sonin1, B.Tumurbat2
health Sector Development Project
2Ministry of Health
Hospitals have a very important role in health care
systems, since they are normally their largest item
of expenditure and most important area for policy
implementation, providing professional leadership and
treatment of the population. There is empirical evi
dence that countries with a greater PC orientation
have lower health care costs and better health out
come. The role of hospitals in PHC orientation, es
pecially acting as a supporting system to other health
care organizations has important implications for the
appropriate use of hospitals within a countrys health
system.
The main aim of this study is to evaluate the ap
propriateness of admission at district and tertiary-
level hospital of the capital city (Ulaanbaatar) of

Mongolia. The health system of Ulaanbaatar is the
most important and biggest part of the whole system
because it serves almost half of the population and
nearly all tertiary hospitals are located there.
There is a significant level of inappropriate ad
missions at hospitals of both secondary and tertiary
level. Consequently, urban hospitals adversely af
fect the development of the whole system through
misusing resources on inappropriate admissions.
Pp 53-56, Fifures 6, References 9
Results of the study on bacterial contamination

of sausages produced in Mongolia
S.Tsaisral1 , B.Burmaa2, Sh.Enkhtsetseg2,
B.Tsagaankhuu3
1Food and biotechnology school of Science
and technology University Ministry of Health
Professional Inspection Agency, Ulaanbaatar
Several types of sausages produced in state and
private food entities of Mongolia were investigated.
We have used t the standard methods for detecting
and identificyng microbial contamination of meat and
meat products.
S tudy re s u lts show ed th a t m ain m icrobes
co n ta m in a tin g sausages w ere E n te ro b a cte ria
agglomerans, Citrobacteria freundii and Proteus. 47%
of ail investigated samples of sausages have the
m icrobial contam ination. But the total number of
m icrobes is not so high w ith com parison to the
standard value. We have observed that sausages
from Hun Od" com pany w ere containe d more
m icrobes w ith com parison to products of other
companies.
Microbes isolated from the meat sausages were
very low resistance to the most antibiotics while
Citrobacteria freundii isolated from liver and liver
sausages have high resistance to the some antibiotics
such as A m p ic illin , E ritro m ic in , P e n ic illin and
Penicillin G.
The aminoacid study of grass plants

L.Narantsetseg, B.Enkhbayar,
S.Munkhbayarlakh
School of Biomedicine, Medical University Ach
E lym us ch in e n sis pollen liq u id contains the
allergen property proteins.
19 protein bands (13-110 kDa range) of Grass
E. Chinensis poilen extracts were detected on SDS
PAGE. The major allergens were 13kDa and 39 kDa
molecular weight proteins of Elymus chinensis pollen
extracts.
Pp 60-61, Figure 1, References 12
Determination of the Contents of Amino

acids in Wang La Ga-3 Tang
Bo.Burnee1, S.Tsetsegmaa2, D.Dungerdorj2
National University of Inner Mongolia
In this paper, the contents of free amino acids in
Wang La Ga-3 Tang, was analyzed. The total content
of the sixteen kinds of free amino acids 5.850mg/
100mg. The content of GLU is the highest which was
0.678mg/100mg and MET content was the lowest
which only amount 0.095mg/100mg. There were 7
kinds of essential amino acids whose total content
was 37.95% in Wang La Ga-3 Tang.
Key Words amino acids Wang La Ga-3 Tang.
Pp 62, Table 1, Figure 1
The GC analysis of fatty acids from (Inonotus

obliquus (Fr.) Pilat) grows in Mongolia
B.Badamjunai, D.Enkhjargal
Health Science University of Mongolia, School
of pharmacy
The first tim e have been studied quantity anv_
quality analysis of fatty acids of ethanol extract from
Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilat. grows in Mongolia by
GC method. The result of this investigation shows
that, in ethanol extract contained sum fatty acids
93.15% and saturated fatty acids from it was 39.41%,
unsaturated acids determined 53.74%. from these
maximum contains of unsaturated acids were oleinic
acid (30.70%) and linolic acid (12.91%).
Pp 63-64, Table 1, Figure 1, References 5
To diagnose on Dilated and Ischemic

Cardiomyopathy among Mongolian population
D.Narantuya1, H.Chingerel1, J.Dechmaa2
2,,Ach Medical School
Our study showed that Primary cardiomyopathy
are 48.94.5%, hence Dilated cardiomyopathy are
occured
in
8 4 .9 4 .2 %
and
H ypertrophic
c a rd io m yo p a th y
in
15.14.2% . Secondary
cardiom yopathy are 515.7% , thence ischem ic
cardiomyopathy are happened in 21.14.7% and
others in 78.94.7%. Dilated cardiomyopathy are
more occured in Primary cardiomyopathy, whereas
Ischemic cardiomyopathy are common in Secondary
ca rd io m yo p a th y. T hey have a lot of sim ilar
symptoms, syndromes in compare with each other.
We recommend how doctors 'do differentiation on
d ia g n o s tic betw een d ila te d and ischem ic
cardiomyopathy.
Pp 64-66, Table 1, References 4
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IS S N 1 027 -30 0X

Joint Venture Company

2000 , 4000 , 8000

(A. vertebralis, A. basilaris)

mal reference values. Ultrasound Med Biol, 12: 1 ,-j123,1986

(.., .., 1998).

Staphylococcus heam olyticus 49.1%; (-)

6. David L. McCullough (1994) Difficult diagnoses

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11. Allan J. ., G. Avila J. Garcia-Noval A.

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Thoracic surgery. Official journal of the Society of

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and low birthweight in Cape Verde. Acta Obstet

16. Land GH, Stockbauer JW. Smoking and

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- 4 <0.05, ** <0.01, ***

Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe. International J

Christian Kermer, Michael Rasse (1999)

14. Oxford researchers: Oral Contraceptive

than colposcopically directed biopsy in the diagnosis

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Age dependence of the hemodynamic

Conclusion: The blood flow velocity in the cerebral

Research for the analysis of bacterial culture

2State Central clinical hospital, Laboratory

The roentgenographical value of seila turcica

A seroepidemol study of distribution of

Result of percutaneous transluminal

C linical s p e cifica tion o f C ardiom yopathy

1Health Science U niversity o f M ongolia

Medical and obstetrical risk factors for

Background and Purpose: Medical and obstetric

Infant's factors of the infectious m eningitis of

Treatment of mandibular fractures

Factors of Preinvasive C ervical Disease

The Issue of Preinvasive Cervical Disease

X-ray diagnosis of pleural effusion

Central university hospital

The National Cancer Center of Mongolia

Pleural effusion is com m only spread disease

Level of inappropriate admission at tertiary and

level hospital of the capital city (Ulaanbaatar) of

Results of the study on bacterial contamination

The aminoacid study of grass plants

Determination of the Contents of Amino

The GC analysis of fatty acids from (Inonotus

To diagnose on Dilated and Ischemic

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