CH401 Trimester 2 Practice Exam - Key

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

1
H

2
He

1.008

4.003

3
Li

4
Be

5
B

6
C

7
N

8
O

9
F

10
Ne

6.941

9.012

10.81

12.01

14.01

16.00

19.00

20.18

11
Na

12
Mg

13
Al

14
Si

15
P

16
S

17
Cl

18
Ar

22.99

24.31

26.98

28.09

30.97

32.07

35.45

39.95

19
K

20
Ca

21
Sc

22
Ti

23
V

24
Cr

25
Mn

26
Fe

27
Co

28
Ni

29
Cu

30
Zn

31
Ga

32
Ge

33
As

34
Se

35
Br

36
Kr

39.10

40.08

44.96

47.88

50.94

52.00

54.94

55.85

58.93

58.69

63.55

65.39

69.72

72.61

74.92

78.96

79.90

83.80

37
Rb

38
Sr

39
Y

40
Zr

41
Nb

42
Mo

43
Tc

44
Ru

45
Rh

46
Pd

47
Ag

48
Cd

49
In

50
Sn

51
Sb

52
Te

53
I

54
Xe

85.47

87.62

88.91

91.22

92.91

95.94

(98)

101.1

102.9

106.4

107.9

112.4

114.8

118.7

121.8

127.6

126.9

131.3

55
Cs

56
Ba

57
La

72
Hf

73
Ta

74
W

75
Re

76
Os

77
Ir

78
Pt

79
Au

80
Hg

81
Tl

82
Pb

83
Bi

84
Po

85
At

86
Rn

132.9

137.3

138.9

178.5

181.0

183.8

186.2

190.2

192.2

195.1

197.0

200.6

204.4

207.2

209.0

(209)

(210)

(222)

87
Fr

88
Ra

89
Ac
227.0

106
Un
h

108
Un
o

109
Une

226.0

105
Un
p

107
Uns

(223)

104
Un
q
(261)

(262)

(263)

58
Ce

59
Pr

60
Nd

61
Pm

62
Sm

63
Eu

64
Gd

65
Tb

66
Dy

67
Ho

68
Er

69
Tm

70
Yb

71
Lu

140.1

140.9

144.2

(145)

150.4

152.0

157.3

158.9

162.5

164.9

167.3

168.9

173.0

175.0

90
Th

91
Pa

92
U

93
Np

94
Pu

95
Am

96
Cm

97
Bk

98
Cf

99
Es

100
Fm

101
Md

102
No

103
Lr

232.0

231.0

238.0

237.0

(244)

(243)

(247)

(247)

(251)

(252)

(257)

(258)

(259)

(260)

(262)

(266)

(265)

ACTIVITY SERIES

H2 O

H2

HNO3(aq)

Li
Rb
K
Ba
Sr
Ca
Na
Mg
Al
Mn
Zn
Cr
Fe
Cd
Co
Ni
Sn
Pb
Sb
Bi
Cu
Hg
Ag
Pt
Au

displace hydrogen from cold water

displace hydrogen from steam

displace hydrogen from acids

react with oxygen to form oxides

fairly nonreactive, forming oxides only indirectly

REACTIVITY OF HALOGENS: F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2

ATOMIC STRUCTURE
E = h
c =
h

2.178 10

p = momentum

v = velocity

n = principal quantum number

P lanck's constant, h = 6.63 1034 J s

joule

Boltzmann's constant, k = 1.38 1023 J K 1

EQUILIBRIUM

A vogadro's number = 6.022 1023 molecules mol 1

[H ][A ]
+

E lectron charge, e = 1.602 1019 coulomb

[HA ]
[O H ][HB ]

Kb =

= wavelength

Speed of light, c = 3.0 108 m s1

18

Ka =

= frequency

m = mass

mv
p = mv

En =

E = energy

[B ]
14

K w = [O H ][H ] = 1.0 10 at 25 C

= K a K b

1 electron volt per atom = 96.5 kJ mol 1

EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS
K a (weak acid)

K b (weak base)

pH = log[H ], pO H = log[O H ]
+

14 = pH + pO H

K p (gas pressure)

[A ]

pH = pK a + log

K c (molar concentrations)

[HA ]

S = standard entropy

[HB ]
+

pO H = pK b + log

K w (water)

[B ]

H = standard enthalpy

pK a = log K a , pK b = log K b

G = standard free energy

K p = K c (R T ) ,

where n = moles product gas moles

E = standard reduction potential

reactant gas

T = temperature

THERMOCHEMISTRY
o

S =
H

S products S reactants
= H products H reactants
= G products G reactants
o

= H T S

= R T ln K = 2.303 R T log K
= n F E

n = moles
m = mass
q = heat
c = specific heat capacity
C p = molar heat capacity at constant pressure
E a = activation energy

G = G + R T ln Q = G + 2.303 R T log Q

k = rate constant

q = mc T

A = frequency factor

Cp =

T
ln [A ]t ln [A ]0 = kt
1
[A ]t

ln k =

1
[A ]0

E a
R

Faraday's constant, F = 96,500 coulombs per

mole of electrons
1

= kt

Gas constant, R = 8.31 J mol K

()
T

= 0.0821 L atm mol K

+ ln A

= 8.31 volt coulomb mol K

P = pressure

GASES, LIQUIDS, AND SOLUTIONS

P V = nR T

V = volume

n 2a

P
+

(V nb) = nR T
V 2

n = number of moles

PA = Ptotal X A , where X A =

moles A
total moles

Ptotal = PA + PB + PC + ...
m
n =
M
K = oC + 273
P1V 1 P2V 2
=
T1
T2
m
D =
V
3kT
urms =
=
m

3R T
M
1
K E per molecule = mv 2
2
3
K E per mole = R T
2
r1
M2
=
r2
M1

T = temperature
D = density
m = mass
v = velocity
urms = root-mean-square speed
K E = kinetic energy
r = rate of effusion
M = molar mass

= osmotic pressure
i = van't Hoff factor
K f = molal freezing-point depression constant
K b = molal boiling-point elevation constant
A = absorbance
a = molar absorptivity
b = path length
c = concentration

molarity, M = moles solute per liter solution

Q = reaction quotient

molality = moles solute per kilogram solvent

I = current (amperes)

T f = iK f molality

q = charge (coulombs)

T b = iK b molality

t = time (seconds)

= iM R T (note : i is not in the A P version )

E o = standard reduction potential

A = abc

K = equilibrium constant

OXIDATION-REDUCTION; ELECTROCHEMISTRY
[C ]c [D ]d
Q =
, where a A + b B c C + d D
[A ]a [B ]b
q
I =
t
RT
0.0592
o
o
E cell = E cell

ln Q = E cell

log Q
nF
n
at 25o C

G as constant, R = 8.31 J mol 1 K 1

log K =

nE
0.0592

= 0.0821 L atm mol 1 K 1

= 8.31 volt coulomb mol 1 K 1
Boltzmann's constant, k = 1.38 1023 J K 1
K f for H 2O = 1.86 K kg mol 1
K b for H 2O = 0.512 K kg mol 1
1atm = 760 mm Hg = 760torr
ST P = 0.000o C and 1.000 atm
F araday's constant, F = 96,500 coulombs per
mol e of electrons

1. What is the ground state electron configuration

for the Ba2+ ion?
(a) [Xe] 6s1
(b) [Xe] 6s2
(c) [Xe]
(d) [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4
2. The liquefied hydrogen halides have the normal
boiling points given below. The reason why HI
has a higher boiling point than the other
halides, except for HF, can be correctly
explained by which of the following?
Hydrogen Halide Normal Boiling Point, 0C
HF
+19
HCl
85
HBr
67
HI
35
(a) HI gas is more ideal than the other halides
expect for HF.
(b) HI is the strongest acid whereas HF is the
weakest.
(c) HI molecules have a smaller dipole
moment than the other halides except for
HF
(d) HI is much less soluble in water but not as
much as HF.
(e) HI molecules are more polarizable than
the other halides, except that HF
molecules tend to form stronger
intermolecular forces
3. Consider the titration of 300.0 mL of 0.500 M
NH3 (Kb = 1.8 x 10-5) with 0.500 M HNO3.
After 150.0 mL of 0.500 M HNO3 have been
added, the pH of the solution is:
(a) 9.26
(b) 11.48
(c) 2.52
(d) 4.74
(e) none of these
Stoichiometric calculation
0.3000L (0.500 mol/L NH3) = 0.150 mol NH3
0.1500L (0.500 mol/L HNO3) = 0.0750 mol HNO3
New [NH3]
(0.150 mol - 0.0750 mol)/0.4500L = 0.167 M
New [OH-] = [NH4+]
0.0750 mol/0.4500L = 0.167 M
New hydrolysis concentration
NH3
+ H2O NH4+

OH-

0.167 M x

0.167 M + x

Kb = [NH4+][OH-]/[NH3]
1.8 x 10-5 = (0.167 M + x)x/ (0.167 M x)
Approximate by assuming that + x and x are
insignificant amount
x = 1.8 x 10-5
pH = 14 + log(1.8 10-5) = 9.26
------------------------------Alternatively can use H/H equation
Titration is in the middle of the buffer region
pH = pKa
pH = p(Kw/Kb) = -log(1 x 10-14/1.8 10-5) = 9.26

Substance Density
(g/cm3)
Iron pyrite 5.02
Zinc
7.13
Copper
8.96
Silver
10.50
Lead
11.35
Gold
19.32
4. A student finds a solid object that has a mass of
21 g and a volume of 2.0 cm3. Based on the
information in the table above, what substance
did the student find?
(a) Zinc
(b) Lead
(c) Silver
(d) Gold
5. In which of the following sets are all of
the ions or atoms isoelectronic with each
other?
(i)K+, Na+, Mg2+ (ii)Ag+, Cd2+
(iii)Se2-, Te2-, Kr (iv)Ru2+, Rh3+
(v)As3-, Se2-, Br(a) iv
(b) ii, iv, and v
(c) iii
(d) i
(e) ii

6. Which points in this phase diagram represent

conditions of temperature and pressure where
liquid will be present?

(a) a, b, and g only

(b) a, c, d and g only
(c) c, d, e and g only
(d) a, c, d and f only
7. Propanone reacts with iodine in acid solution as
shown in this equation.
H+

CH3C(O)CH3 + I2 CH3C(O)CH2I + HI
These data were obtained when the reaction
was studied.

What is the rate equation for the reaction?

(a) rate = k[CH3C(O)CH3] [H+]
(b) rate = k[CH3C(O)CH3] [I2]
(c) rate = k[CH3C(O)CH3]2
(d) rate = k[CH3C(O)CH3] [I2] [H+]
8. One basic assumption in the Bohr theory
of the structure of the hydrogen atom
was that
(a) The electron could have any of a
continuous range of energies.
(b) The electron could exist in any
one of a set of discrete energy
levels.
(c) The electron could move from a
higher to a lower energy orbit by
absorbing a quantum of energy.
(d) Electromagnetic radiation would
be given off as the electron moved
in orbit around the nucleus.

9. Consider the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.723 M

HClO4 with 0.273 M KOH. The H3O+
concentration after addition of 10.0 mL of
KOH is _________ M.
(a) 0.438
(b) 1.00 x 10-7
(c) 0.723
(d) 2.81 x 10-13
(e) 0.273
0.02500L (0.723 mol/L HClO4) = 0.0180 mol
HClO4
0.01000L (0.273 mol/L KOH) = 0.00273 mol
KOH
[H+] left in solution
(0.0180 - 0.00273) mol/0.03500L = 0.438 M
10. Which element should have properties
most like those of phosphorus?
(a) Si
(b) S
(c) As
(d) Sb
11. Consider the equilibrium NH4HS(s)
NH3(g) + H2S(g). A 4.65 g sample of solid
NH4HS is placed in an evacuated 3.0 L flask at
35 C and allowed to reach equilibrium at
which time the total pressure in the flask is 0.82
atm. What is the value of Kp at this
temperature?
(a) 0.17
(b) 0.67
(c) 0.41
(d) 0.45
Ptot = PNH3 + PH2S
0.82 atm = PNH3 + PH2S
PNH3 = PH2S = 0.82 atm/2 = 0.41 atm
Kp = PNH3 PH2S = (0.41)2 = 0.17
12. The most active metals on the periodic
table have
(a) Large radii and high
electronegativities.
(b) Small radii and low
electronegativities.
(c) Small radii and low ionization
energies.
(d) Large radii and low ionization
energies.

13. What is the formula for potassium

carbonate?
(a) KCO3
(b) K2CO3
(c) P2CO3
(d) P(CO3)2

(d) 12.771
(e) 8.123
Volume of titrant required to reach the equivalence
point
0.06550L (0.161 mol/L HF)(1 mol NaOH/1 mol
HF)(1 L/ 0.1200 mol NaOH) = 0.0878 L

14. What is the Kb of a weak base that produces

one OH per molecule if a 0.050 M solution is
2.5% ionized?
(a) 7.8 x10-8
(b) 1.6 x 10-6
(c) 3.2 x 10-5
(d) 1.2 x 10-3

At the equivalence point the important species left

in the solution is F-, the conjugate base of a weak
acid, which will hydrolyze
[F-] = initial mol of HF/new volume
[F-] = 0.06550L(0.161 mol/L)/ 0.0878 L = 0.120 M

15. What is the formula for dinitrogen pentoxide?

(a) N5O2
(b) N2O5
(c) N2O10
(d) NO5
16. Which change represents a reduction process?
(a) NO ---> NH3
(b) ClO ---> ClO3
(c) N2O ---> N2O4
(d) HCrO4 ---> CrO42
17. If the equilibrium P4(g) + 6Cl2(g)
4PCl3(g) is established by adding equal
numbers of moles of P4 and Cl2 to an evacuated
flask, which of the following must be true at
equilibrium?
(a) [Cl2] > [PCl3]
(b) [Cl2] < [P4]
(c) [PCl3] > [P4]
(d) [P4] = [PCl3]
18. Benzoic acid has a Ka = 6.6 x 105. What is
the pH of a 0.30 M aqueous solution of benzoic
acid?
(a) 0.52
(b) 4.2
(c) 4.7
(d) 2.4
19. 65.50 mL of 0.161 M HF is titrated with
0.1200 M NaOH. What is the pH at the
equivalence point? (Ka for HF is 6.80 x 10-4)
(a) 7.229
(b) 7.000
(c) 13.064

Quick work good enough for MC question

F- + H2O HF + OHKb = Kw/Ka = [HF][OH-]/[F-]
1.00 x 10-14/6.80 x 10-4 = x2/ (0.120 M - x)
x = 1.33 x 10-6 M
pH = 14 + log(1.33 x 10-6) = 8.123
More precise calculation:
F- + H2O HF + OHKb = Kw/Ka = [HF][OH-]/[F-]
1.00 x 10-14/6.80 x 10-4 = x(1 x 10-7 + x) / (0.120 M
- x)
x = 1.280 x 10-6M
pH = 14 + log(1 x 10-7 + 1.280 x 10-6) = 8.139
20. The advice is often given that the bottom of a
meniscus should be used in reading a
volumetric instrument. In which of the
following operations would it make no
difference what part of the meniscus was used?
(a) Making a solution of known
concentration using a volumetric
flask.
(b) Transferring 5.00 ml of a solution
using a transfer pipet.
(c) Transferring 23.7 of a solution
using a burette.
(d) Measuring 65 ml using a
measuring cylinder

21. Which of the following represents a

precipitation reaction?
(a) 2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)
(b) CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(s)
+ 2HBr(g)
(c) 2KNO3(s) 2KNO2(s) + O2(g)
(d) 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l)
(e) 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq)
+ 3H2(g)
22. The empirical formula for a compound
containing 34.3% Na, 17.9% C, and 47.8% O by
mass is
(a) Na3C3O6
(b) Na2C2O4
(c) Na2CO2.5 or Na4C2O5
(d) N4CO4
(e) NaCO2
23. What is the molarity of an H2SO4 solution if
25.00 mL is exactly neutralized by 32.63 mL of
0.164 M NaOH?
(a) 0.428 M
(b) 0.126 M
(c) 0.214 M
(d) 0.107 M
24. Copper (I) sulfide can be reacted with oxygen
to produce copper metal by the reaction Cu2S +
O2 ---> 2Cu + SO2. If 5.00 g of Cu2S is used,
what is the theoretical yield of Cu?
(a) 3.99 g
(b) 1.00 g
(c) 2.00 g
(d) 10.0 g
(e) 5.00 g
25. Which species has a Lewis electron structure
with one, and only one, unshared pair of
valence electrons?
(a) NH2
(b) H3O+
(c) H2S
(d) CH4
26. The boiling points of four liquids are shown.
Which liquid has the highest vapor pressure at
25 C?
Compound Boiling Point
ethyl ether
35 C

acetone
ethanol
water
(a) ethyl ether
(b) acetone
(c) ethanol
(d) water

56 C
78 C
100 C

27. According to Bronsted-Lowry Theory, which

of these species cannot be amphoteric?
(a) NH3(aq)
(b) NH4+(aq)
(c) NH2(aq)
(d) NH2(aq)
28. For which molecule are resonance structures
necessary to describe the bonding
satisfactorily?
(a) H2S
(b) SO2
(c) CO2
(d) OF2
29. What type of structure does the XeOF2
molecule have?
(a) T-shaped
(b) Octahedral
(c) Pyramidal
(d) Tetrahedral
(e) Trigonal planar
30. Which arrangement shows the bonds H-H, CC, and Si-Si in order of increasing bond
energy?
(a) C-C < H-H < Si-Si
(b) H-H < Si-Si < C-C
(c) H-H < C-C < Si-Si
(d) Si-Si < C-C < H-H
31. Which of the following represents an acidbase neutralization reaction?
(a) 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq)
+ 3H2(g)
(b) SO2(g) + H2O(l) H2SO3(g)
(c) LiOH(aq) + HNO3(aq) LiNO3(aq) +
H2O(l)
(d) 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l)
(e) CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(s) +
2HBr(g)

32. Which set of temperature and pressure

conditions will cause a gas to exhibit the
greatest deviation from ideal gas behavior?
(a) 100 C and 4 atm
(b) 100 C and 2 atm
(c) -100 C and 4 atm
(d) 0 C and 2 atm
33. The oxidation of iodide ions by arsenic acid
in acidic aqueous solution occurs according to
the stoichiometry shown her: H3AsO4 + 3 I + 2
H3O+ H3AsO3 + I3 + H2O. The
experimental rate law of the reaction is: Rate =
k[H3AsO4] [I] [H3O+]. What is the order of the
reaction with respect to I?
(a) 1
(b) 3
(c) 6
(d) 2
(e) 5
34. Which of these factors affect the average
kinetic energy of the molecules in a gas?
1. Pressure
2. Temperature
(a) 1 only
(b) both 1 and 2
(c) 2 only
(d) neither 1 nor 2
35. A water solution of sodium carbonate,
Na2CO3, has a pH greater than 7 because
(a) It contains more carbonate ions
than water molecules.
(b) It contains more sodium ions than
carbonate ions.
(c) Sodium ions react with water.
(d) Carbonate ions react with water.
36. A sample of a gas with volume of 800 mL
and pressure of 1.0 atm is transferred to a
second container which has a volume of 250
mL and is at the same temperature. The
pressure of the gas in the new container is
(a) 0.31 atm
(b) 1.0 atm
(c) 1.5 atm
(d) 3.2 atm

37. The expression for Kc for this reaction is

NiCO3(s) + 2H+(aq) Ni2+(aq) + CO2(g) +
H2O(l)
(a) [Ni2+]/[NiCO3]
(b) [NiCO3]/[Ni2+]
(c) [Ni2+][CO2]/[H+]2
(d) [Ni2+][H+]2
(e) [CO2]
38. Which of these molecules does not contain
two pi bonds?
(a) CO
(b) CS2
(c) H2CCO
(d) H2CCH2
39. CuO(s) + H2(g) Cu(s) + H2O(g) H = -2.0
kJ. When the substances in the equation above
are at equilibrium at pressure P and temperature
T, the equilibrium can be shifted to favour the
products by
(a) Increasing the pressure by means of a
moving piston at constant T
(b) Decreasing the temperature
(c) Increasing the pressure by adding an inert
gas such as nitrogen
(d) Allowing some gases to escape at constant
P and T
(e) Adding a catalyst
40. Hydrogen and nitrogen react under proper
conditions to form ammonia in an equilibrium
mixture according to the chemical equation
N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g) What is the
equilibrium constant for this process when the
equilibrium concentrations are : [N2] = 0.02 M;
[H2] = 0.01 M; [NH3] = 0.10 M
(a) 5 x 105
(b) 2 x 106
(c) 5 x 101
(d) 5 x 102

41. A sample of water vapor in the flask below is

at a temperature of 65 C and a pressure of 80
mmHg.

If the flask is cooled to 45 C, which of the

following flasks best represents the sample under
the new conditions? (Note: the vapor pressure of
water at 65 C is 187 torr and at 45 C is 72 torr.)
C

42. Which property, if decreased, will cause an

increase in the rate of a reaction involving a
solid?
(a) Temperature
(b) Pressure
(c) Concentration
(d) particle size
43. Which reaction characteristics are changed by
the addition of a catalyst to a reaction at
constant temperature?
1. Activation energy
2. Equilibrium concentrations
3. Reaction enthalpy
(a) 1 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3
44. What is the best name for (NH4)2Cr2O7?
(a) diammonium chromate
(b) ammonium dichromate
(c) diammonium dichromate
(d) diammonium dichromium heptaoxide
(e) ammonium chromate
45. How many moles of Mg(OH)2 can be
precipitated when 15 mL of 0.20 M MgCl2
solution is mixed with 25 mL of 0.18 M KOH?
(a) 0.0015 mol
(b) 0.0022 mol
(c) 0.0030 mol

(d) 0.0045 mol

46. Which reaction characteristics will be affected
by a change in temperature?
1. Value of equilibrium constant
2. Equilibrium concentrations
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) neither 1 nor 2
47. On combustion analysis, a 100.0-g sample,
which was made of C, H, and O, was found to
contain 70.6 g C (from CO2) and 5.92 g H
(from H2O). What is the empirical formula for
this compound?
(a) C6H6O
(b) C12H12O3
(c) C4H4O
(d) CHO
(e) C12HO4
48. Which effect will not increase the amount of
CO(g) present at equilibrium? The reaction is
endothermic: CO2(g) + H2(g) CO(g) +
H2O(g)
(a) Decrease the concentration of
H2O(g).
(b) Increase the concentration of
H2(g).
(c) Increase the volume of the
container.
(d) Increase the temperature of the
container.
49. Based on the solubility rules, which of the
following will occur when a solution containing
about 0.1 g of Pb(NO3)2(aq) is mixed with a
solution containing 0.1 g of KI(aq) /100 mL?
(a) KNO3 will precipitate; Pb2+ and I are
spectator ions.
(b) No precipitate will form.
(c) Pb(NO3)2 will precipitate; K+ and I are
spectator ions.
(d) PbI2 will precipitate; K+ and NO3 are
spectator ions.
(e) Pb2+ and I are spectator ions, and PbI2
will precipitate.

50. The reaction 2 A(g) + B(g) 3 C(g) +

D(g) is begun with the concentrations of A and
B both at an initial value of 1.00 M. When
equilibrium is reached, the concentration of D
is measured and found to be 0.25 M. The value
for the equilibrium constant for this reaction is
given by the expression
(a) [(0.75)3 (0.25)] [(0.50)2 (0.75)]
(b) [(0.75)3 (0.25)] [(0.50)2 (0.25)]
(c) [(0.75)3 (0.25)] [(0.75)2 (0.25)]
(d) [(0.75)3 (0.25)] [(1.00)2 (1.00)]
51. The density of an unknown gas is 4.20 grams
per liter at 3.00 atmospheres pressure and
127_C. What is the molecular weight of this
gas? (R = 0.0821 literatm/moleK)
(a) 14.6
(b) 88.0
(c) 138
(d) 46.0
(e) 94.1
52. When 2.10 g of PCl3 at 20.550C is added to
100.00 g of water at 20.550C, the temperature
of the resulting 102.10 g of solution increases
to 30.300C. The specific heat of the solution is
4.18 J/g0C, and the heat capacity of the
calorimeter can be ignored. Calculate H for
reaction of 1 mole of PCl3 with excess water.
PCl3 + 3 H2O (l) H3PO3 (aq) + 3 HCl (aq)
(a) -272 kJ
(b) +63.6 kJ
(c) -132 kJ
(d) +201 kJ
(e) -339 kJ
53. Use the bond energies in the table to
determine H for the formation of hydrazine,
N2H4, from nitrogen and hydrogen according to
this equation: N2(g) + 2 H2(g) ---> N2H4(g)
Bond Energies
N-N

159 kJ mol1

N=N

418 kJ mol1

N {triple bond} N 941 kJ mol1

H-H
H-N
(a) H = 711 kJ
(b) H = - 98 kJ
(c) H = + 98 kJ

436 kJ mol

389 kJ mol1

(d) H = + 711 kJ
54. Which species dissociates most completely in
water solution?
(a) NH4+
(b) HNO3
(c) H2CO3
(d) HSO4
55. The dissociation constant for a certain weak
monoprotic acid is 9.0 x 105. What is the [H+]
of a 0.10 M solution of this weak acid together
with 0.010 M of the sodium salt of the acid?
(a) 9.0 x 106
(b) 8.2 x 104
(c) 3.0 x 103
(d) 3.0 x 102
9.0 x 105 = (0.010 M+x)x/(0.10 x)
x = 0.00082
56. What is the molarity of the chloride ion in 250
mL of a solution containing 1.90 g of MgCl2?
(The molar mass of MgCl2 is 95.2 g mol1
(a) 0.16 M
(b) 0.040 M
(c) 0.080 M
(d) 0.020 M
57. When the species F, Na+, and Ne are
arranged in order of increasing energy
for the removal of an electron, what is
the correct order?
(a) F < Na+ < Ne
(b) F < Ne < Na+
(c) Na+ < Ne < F
(d) Ne < F < Na+
58. Which of the following is incorrectly
named?
(a) Mg(OH)2, magnesium hydroxide
(b) Pb(NO3)2, lead(II) nitrate
(c) PO43-, phosphate ion
(d) NH4ClO4, ammonium perchlorate
(e) NO3-, nitrite ion
59. What is the [OH] of a 0.65 M solution of
NaOCl? (HOCl Ka 2.8 x 10-8)
(a) 1.3 x 104 M
(b) 3.5 x 107 M
(c) 2.1 x 1011 M
(d) 4.8 x 104 M

60. Which of these substances, when in the solid

phase, is expected to have the weakest
intermolecular forces?
(a) Ca
(b) C
(c) CaC2
(d) CO2
61. "Dry ice" is solid carbon dioxide. To which
class of solids does it belong?
(a) Amorphous solid
(b) network solid
(c) molecular solid
(d) polymeric solid

(c) 9.9
(d) 10.3
(e) 3.1
Volume of titrant required to reach the
equivalence point (this actually does not need to
be calculated; the answer is obvious)
0.1000L (0.2 mol/L (CH3)3N)(1 mol HCl/1 mol
(CH3)3N)(1 L/ 0.2 mol HCl) = 0.1000L
At the equivalence point the important species left
in the solution is (CH3)3NH+, the conjugate acid
of a weak base, which will hydrolyze
[(CH3)3NH+] = initial mol of (CH3)3N /new
volume
[(CH3)3NH+] = 0.1000L (0.2 mol/L)/ 0.20000 L
=0.1000 M This answer was also obvious

62. If a neutral atom has an atomic

number of 29 and a mass number of 61,
then the atom must contain:
(a) 90 neutrons
(b) 61 electrons
(c) 29 neutrons
(d) 29 electrons
(e) 32 neutrons

Quick work good enough for MC question

(CH3)3NH++ H2O (CH3)3N + H3O+
Ka = Kw/Kb = [(CH3)3N][H3O+]/[(CH3)3NH+]
1.00 x 10-14/5.3 x 10-5= x2/ (0.10000 M - x)
x = 4.34 x 10-6 M
pH = -log(4.34 x 10 -6 ) = 5.4

63. If a weak monoprotic acid is 5.0% dissociated

in a 0.10 M aqueous solution of the acid, what
is the acid equilibrium constant, Ka, for this
acid?
(a) 2.5 x 105
(b) 2.5 x 104
(c) 5.0 x 103
(d) 5.0 x 102

More precise calculation:

(CH3)3NH++ H2O (CH3)3N + H3O+
Kb = Kw/Ka = [(CH3)3N][ H3O+]/[(CH3)3NH+]
1.00 x 10-14/5.3 x 10-5= x(1 x 10-7 + x) / (0.10000
M - x)
x = 4.3 x 10-6 M
pH =-log(1 x 10-7 + 4.3 x 10-6 ) = 5.4
In this case the more precise calculation makes no
difference, but in cases where x is close to 10-7
then the more precise calculation is needed.

64. The net ionic equation for the reaction

between silver carbonate powder and
hydrochloric acid is:
(a) Ag2CO3(s) + 2 H+ + 2 Cl
2AgCl(s) + H2O + CO2(g)
(b) 2 Ag+ + CO32 + 2 H+ + 2 Cl
2AgCl(s) + H2O + CO2(g)
(c) CO32 + 2 H+ H2O + CO2(g)
(d) Ag+ + Cl AgCl(s)
(e) Ag2CO3(s) + 2 H+ 2 Ag+ +
H2CO3
65. A 100.0-mL sample of 0.2 M (CH3)3N (Kb =
5.3 10-5) is titrated with 0.2 M HCl. What is
the pH at the equivalence point?
(a) 7.0
(b) 5.4

66. Which of the following ions is the strongest

Lewis acid?
(a) Na+
(b) CH3COO
(c) Al3+
(d) Cl
(e) Mg2+

67. Consider the equilibrium reaction 4 NH3(g) +

3 O2(g) 2 N2(g) + 6 H2O(g) H = -1268
kJ Which change will cause the reaction to
shift to the right?
(a) Increase the temperature
(b) Decrease the volume of the
container.
(c) Add a catalyst to speed up the
reaction.
(d) Remove the gaseous water by
allowing it to react and be
absorbed by KOH.
68. Which of the following represents a hydrogen
displacement reaction?
(a) 2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) 4CO2(g) +
6H2O(l)
(b) 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l)
(c) N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
(d) CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(s) +
2HBr(g)
(e) 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq)
+ 3H2(g)
69. Each of the following can act as both a
Brnsted acid and a Brnsted base EXCEPT
(a) HCO3
(b) NH4+
(c) HS
(d) H2PO4
(e) H2O
70. Equal masses of three different ideal gases, X,
Y, and Z, are mixed in a sealed rigid container.
If the temperature of the system remains
constant, which of the following statements
about the partial pressure of gas X is correct?
(a) It depends on the relative molecular
masses of X, Y, and Z.
(b) It is equal to 1/3 the total pressure
(c) It depends on the intermolecular forces of
attraction between molecules of X, Y, and
Z.
(d) It depends on the average distance
traveled between molecular collisions.
(e) It can be calculated with knowledge only
of the volume of the container.

71. The pH of 0.1M ammonia is approximately

(a) 1
(b) 7
(c) 14
(d) 4
(e) 11
72. 65.50 mL of 0.161 M HF is titrated with
0.1200 M NaOH. What is the pH after 95.55
mL of base have been added? (Ka for HF is
6.8 x 10-4)
(a) 11.757
(b) 7.000
(c) 12.778
(d) 8.119
(e) 4.631
0.06550L (0.161 mol/L H+) = 0.0105 mol HF
0.09555L (0.1200 mol/L OH-) = 0.01147 mol OH[OH-] left in solution
(0.0105 - 0.01147) mol/0.16105L = 0.0057M
pH = 14 + log(0.0057) = 11.756
73. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 Atoms of an element, X,
have the electronic configuration shown above.
The compound most likely formed with
magnesium, Mg, is
(a) MgX
(b) MgX2
(c) Mg3X2
(d) Mg2X
(e) MgX3
74. Which oxide is the most acidic?
(a) MgO
(b) CO2
(c) SO2
(d) SO3
75. Which species has the same general shape as
SO32?
(a) NF3
(b) SO3
(c) NO3
(d) CO32

76. When dissolved in water to give 0.10 M

solution, which salt will produce the solution
with the lowest pH?
(a) NH4C2H3O2
(b) CaCl2
(c) NH4Cl
(d) Ca(C2H3O2)2
77. A fixed quantity of gas at a constant pressure
has a temperature of 22C and a volume of
55.60 L. Determine the volume of the gas if the
temperature is increased to 38C.
(a) 96.1 L
(b) 52.7 L
(c) 32.2 L
(d) 55.6 L
(e) 58.6 L
V1/V2 = T1/T2
V2 = V1T2/T1 = [55.60 L)(311K)]/(295
K) = 58.6L
78. You have 75.0 mL of 0.10 M HA. After
adding 30.0 mL of 0.10 M NaOH, the pH is
5.50. What is the Ka value of HA?
(a) 1.0 x 10-10
(b) 2.1 x 10-6
(c) 1.0 x 10-4
(d) 1.3 x 10-6
(e) none of these
+
[H ] = 10-5.50 = 3.2 x 10-6 M
Therefore [A-] = 3.2 x 10-6 M
[HA] = 0.10 - 3.2 x 10-6 = 0.10 M
Ka = [A-][ H3O+]/[HA]
Ka = (3.2 x 10-6)2/0.10
Ka = 1.0 x 10-10

79. Three liters of sulfur dioxide gas, SO2, and two

liters of oxygen, O2, are reacted at a certain
temperature and pressure. How many liters of
gaseous sulfur trioxide, SO3, can be produced
at that same temperature and pressure?
(a) 1.0 liter
(b) 1.5 liters
(c) 2.0 liters
(d) 3.0 liters
2SO2 + O2 2SO3, limiting reagent is SO2
3 mol SO2 (2 mol SO3/2 mol SO2 ) = 3 mol
SO3

80. The reaction 2N2O5(g) O2 (g) + 4NO2(g) is

first order in N2O5. For this reaction at 45C,
the rate constant k = 1.0 10-5 s-1, where the
rate law is defined as
[ N 2 O5 ]
Rate =
= k[N2O5].
t
For a particular experiment [N2O5]0 = 1.0 10-2
M, calculate [N2O5] after 1.0 105 seconds.
(a) 3.7 10 -4 M
(b) 0
(c) 1.0 10-3 M
(d) 5.0 10-4 M
(e) none of these
81. The hybridization of the phosphorus atom in
the cation PH2+ is:
(a) sp2
(b) sp3
(c) sp
(d) dsp
(e) none of these
82. Which of the following types of molecules has
a dipole moment (when polar bonds are
present)?
(a) linear molecules with two identical bonds
(b) trigonal pyramidal molecules with three
identical bonds
(c) tetrahedral molecules with four identical
bonds equally spaced
(d) trigonal planar molecules with three
identical bonds equally spaced
(e) None has a dipole moment.
83. The following questions refer to the gas-phase
decomposition of ethylene chloride. C2H5Cl
products. Experiments show that the
decomposition is first order. The following
data show kinetics information for this
reaction:
Time (s) ln [C 2 H 5Cl] (M)

1.0

1.625

2.0
1.735
What is the time to half-life?
(a) 6.3 s
(b) 0.7 s
(c) 2.2 s
(d) 1.3 s
(e) 8.9 s

84. Which substance, when added to water, will

not change the pH?
(a) NaHCO3
(b) NH4Cl
(c) KCN
(d) KCl
85. What is the pH of 2.00 x 103 M Ba(OH)2
solution?
(a) 2.70
(b) 3.40
(c) 11.30
(d) 11.60
86. Consider the following system at equilibrium:
N2(g) + 3H2(g)
2NH3(g) + 92.94 kJ.
Which of the following changes will shift the
equilibrium to the right?
I. increasing the temperature

II. decreasing the temperature

III. increasing the volume
IV. decreasing the volume
V. removing some NH 3
VI. adding some NH 3
VII. removing some N 2
VIII. adding some N 2
(a) I, III, V, VII
(b) II, III, V, VIII
(c) I, VI, VIII
(d) II, IV, V, VIII
(e) I, IV, VI, VII

87. The gas phase reaction of nitrogen dioxide and

carbon monoxide was found by experiment to
be second-order with respect to NO2, and zeroorder with respect to CO below 25C:
NO2 + CO NO + CO2
Which one of the following mechanisms is
consistent with the observed reaction order?
(a) NO2 + 2CO N + 2CO2 fast
N + NO2 2NO slow
(b) NO2 + 2CO N + 2CO2 slow
N + NO2 2NO fast
(c) C. NO2 + NO2 NO3 + NO fast
NO3 + CO NO2 + CO2 slow
(d) NO2 + NO2 NO3 + NO slow
NO3 + CO NO2 + CO2 fast
88. Propionic acid (pKa = 5) is titrated with
a sodium hydroxide solution. In order to
most accurately determine the endpoint
of the titration, which indicator would
be the best choice?
(a) methy1 violet, pH range: 0 2
(b) bromcresol green, pH range: 4.0 5.6
(c) phenolphthalein, pH range: 8.3 10.0
(d) trinitrobenzene, pH range: 12.0 14.3
89. What must be the ratio of acetate ion
concentration to acetic acid concentration in an
aqueous solution in order to provide a solution
of pH 5? The Ka of acetic acid is 1.8 x 105.
(a) 0.056
(b) 1.0
(c) 1.8
(d) 5.0
(e) 0.55
Ka = [A-][ H3O+]/[HA]
[A-]/[HA] = Ka /[ H3O+]
[A-]/[HA] = 1.8 x 10-5/1 x 10-5
[A-]/[HA] = 1.8