Plane stress state in

rectangular coordinates
Indirect solving method

Example: Simple supporter beam with full length

uniform distributed load
q

P1

P2

h
x
b

l/2

l/2
y

6q 2
3q 2
3q
4q 3

x
y

l
y

y
x
bh 3
2bh 3
5bh
bh 3

2q 3 3 q
q

y
bh 3
2 bh
2b

3q x 6q xy 2
xy
2bh
bh 3
2

Checking the plane stress relations accordingly with the indirect

solving method
presumptively known
stress relations

6q 2
3q 2
3q
4q 3

x
y

l
y

y
x

bh 3
2bh 3
5bh
bh 3

2q 3 3 q
q
y
y 3 y
bh
2 bh
2b

3
q
6
q

x 3 xy 2
xy

2bh
bh

1st set of conditions: condition of equilibrium (the stress relations must

satisfy the differential equations of equilibrium)

x yx

x
y

y
xy
0
x
y

xy yx (duality of the shear stresses)

yx
12q
x
12q
3 xy
3 xy and
y
bh
x
bh

xy
x

y
6q
3 q
3q
6q
3 y2
3 y 2 and
y
bh
2 bh
2bh bh

x yx

0
x
y
xy
x

y
y

2nd set of conditions: condition of compatibility (or continuity) of the

deformations
the equation is expressed in terms of stresses
2
2
2
2

y
x
x
2 ( x y )

0
2
2
2
2
x
y
x
y

x
12q
3 xy
x
bh

x
6q
3q 2 3q 12q 2
3 x2
l

y
y
bh
2bh 3
5bh bh 3

2 x
12q

y
2
3
x
bh

2 x
24q
3 y
2
y
bh

2 y
x 2

2 ( x y )

2 y
y 2

6q 2 3 q
y
bh 3
2 bh

12q
y
bh 3

12q
24q
12q
y 3 y0 3 y 0
3
bh
bh
bh

3rd set of condition: limit conditions (expressed in terms of stresses){the

compatibility of the stresses and the loads on the boundary of the domain}
x ; y ; xy yx 0

y
yx

xy

yx
y

xy

AB: the upper side of the plane domain

y

h
2

(equation of the boundary straight line)

h
y
2

xy

h
y
2

3q
6q
x 3
2bh
bh

P1

2q h 3 q h q
q
3

bh 2 2 bh 2 2b
b

q
P2

h
x

h
x 0
2

q/b

l/2

l/2

y
3

CD: the lower side of the plane domain

h
y
2
5

(equation of the boundary straight line)

xy

h
2

h
2

2q h 3 q h q
3
0

bh 2 2 bh 2 2b
3q
6q

x 3
2bh
bh

h
x 0
2

ql/2

l
2

ql/2

AC: the left side of the plane domain

x

(equation of the boundary straight line)

b
2

x
xy

l
2

6q l
3q 2
3q
4q
3q
4q
y
l y
y 3 y3
y 3 y3
3
3
bh 2
2bh
5bh
bh
5bh
bh
z

3q l 6q l 2 3ql 3ql 2

y

y
2bh 2 bh 3 2
4bh bh 3

l
2

y
dy
h2

4q
4q
3q
3q
N x x l dA
y 3 y 3 dA
y 3 y 3 bdy 0
5bh
bh
5bh
bh
2

A
A
h 2

h2

4q 3
3q y 3
3q
3q 2 4q 4
M x x l ydA
y 3 y ydA
y 3 y bdy
5
bh
bh
5
bh
bh
5h 3
2

A
A
h 2
T xy
A

h2

dA=bdy

3ql h 2 3ql y 3
3ql 3ql 2
3ql 3ql 2
dA

y
dA

y
bdy

y h 2 3

l
3
3

x
4
bh
bh
4
bh
bh
4
h
h 3

2
A
h 2

h2

4q y 5
3
h 5
h 2
h2

h 2

l
2
6

(equation of the boundary straight line)

Similar with AC side

h 2

3ql ql ql

4
4
2

BD: the right side of the plane domain

x

h2

Computing the deformations

1
x y
E
1
y y x
E

xy

21 xy
E

;G
xy
G
21
E

xy

1 6q 2
3ql 2
3q
4q 3 2q 3 3q
q

x 3 x y
y
y 3 y 3 y
y
3
E bh
5bh
2bh
2b
2bh
bh
bh
1 2q 3 3q
q 6q 2
3ql 2
3q
4q 3

y 3 y
y
3 x y
y
y 3 y
3
E bh
2bh
2b bh
5bh
2bh
bh

xy
7

3q
12 q
3q
12 q 2
2
x
xy

xy
3
3
Ebh
Ebh
Ebh
Ebh

u
v
u v
; y ; xy

x
y
y x

u x dx f1 y

v y dy f 2 x

2q 3 12 q
3q
3ql 2
x f y
x

f
2
1
3
3
3
3

Ebh
5
Ebh
2
Ebh
2
Ebh

f1 y y c1
q
6q 2 3q 2
3ql 2 2
4
f 2 x
x
x
x
x x c 2
3
3
5Ebh
4 Ebh
2 Ebh
4 Ebh
8

2q 3
3ql 2
3q
4q
2q 3
3
u x, y
x
y

xy

xy

xy

xy
3
3
3
3
5Ebh
Ebh
2 Ebh
Ebh
Ebh
3q
q

xy
x y c1
2 Ebh
2 Eb
q
3q 2
q
3q 2 2 3ql 2 2
3q 2
4
v x, y
y

x
y

y
3
3
3
4 Ebh
2 Eb
10 Ebh
2 Ebh
Ebh
4 Ebh
q 4
q
6q 2 3q 2
3ql 2 2
4

y
x
x
x
x x c 2
3
3
3
5
Ebh
4
Ebh
Ebh
2 Ebh
4 Ebh

ql
c

1
l

4 Eb
P1 x , y 0 u 0, v 0

ql 4
3ql 2
3ql 2
3ql 4

c 2

3
l
10 Ebh 16 Ebh 16 Ebh3

32
Ebh

P2 x , y 0 v 0

2q 3
3ql 2
3q
4q
2q 3
3

u x, y
x y
xy
xy
xy
xy
3
3
3
3
5
Ebh
Ebh
2 Ebh
Ebh
Ebh
3q
q
ql

xy
x
2 Ebh
2 Eb
4 Eb

q
3q 2
q
3q 2 2 3ql 2 2
3q 2
4
v x, y
y

x
y

y
3
3
3
4 Ebh
2 Eb
10 Ebh
2 Ebh
Ebh
4 Ebh
q 4
q
6q 2 3q 2
3ql 2 2
4

y
x
x
x
x
3
3
3
5
Ebh
4
Ebh
Ebh
2 Ebh
4 Ebh
ql 4
3ql 2
3ql 2
3ql 4

3
32 Ebh 10 Ebh 16 Ebh 16 Ebh3

10

ql

4 Eb

5ql 4
3ql 2
3ql 2
5ql 4
3ql 2 h 2 3ql 2 h 2
Px 0, y 0
v

max 32 Ebh3 10 Ebh 16 Ebh 384 EI 120EI

192 EI

R.M .
vmax,
M

bh3
12 I
I
; A bh 2
12
h

vmax

5ql 4
h2
h2
1 1,92

1,2 2
2

384 EI
l
l

0,2 vmax
11

5ql 4
h2
1 2,16

384 EI
l 2

Comparison with the results provided by means of Strength of

Materials

taking into account the influence of shear force in the calculation of

bending deformations
dx

h/2

max

T
x

max

12

max

dx

max

max

h/2

max

max

max

max

k0T
; k0 max
average
AT
Shear coefficient
(depending of the shape
of the cross-section

h
b

dvT

dvT

dx

TSmax 3 T
T

1,5
bI
2 bh
A
k0 1,5
T

average

max

dvT
T
k0
dx
GAT

dvT
q
21 q
31 q
T qx
1,5
x 1,5
x
x
dx
Gbh
Ebh
Ebh

vT

31 q 2
x c
2 Ebh

P1 , P2 x vT 0 c
2

1 q l 2
x2
1,5
Ebh 4

ql 2
Px 0 v 0,375 1
Ebh
T

5ql 4
ql 2 h 2
5ql 4

0,3751

384 EI
12 EI 384 EI

S .M .
max, M T

0,2 v

S .M .
max, M T

13

5ql 4

384 EI

h2
E .Th
1 2,88 2 vmax
l

h2
1 2,41 2
l

Numerical application

q = 10 kN/m
P

30 cm
x
10 cm
1m

1m
y

E = 300000 daN/cm2

= 0,2
14

l
6,67 10 medium length beam
h

SM
max

M max ql 2 8
q
ETh
SM

2 3333,33 kN m 2 ; max
max
0,2 3353,33 kN m 2
W
bh 6
b

uPSM 0; uPETh

ql
4 Eb

3,33 107 m

5ql 4
v

0,000308642 m
384 EI
5ql 4
h2
SM
1 2,88 2 0,000328642 m
vmax,M T
384 EI
l
SM
max, M

ETh
max

15

5ql 4

384 EI

h2
1 2,16 2 0,000323642 m
l

Finite Element Method solution

SAP2000 frame finite elements (FRAME)

[m]

ETh
vmax

With shear force

influence
(AT automatically
calculated)

[m]

16

SM
vmax,
M

Without shear
force influence
(AT )

SAP2000 Plane finite elements (Area sections)

a)
100 kN/m2

b)
17

PLANE finite elements for Plane stress

(Ux, Uz)

a), b)

7
ETh

u 3,33 10 m u

SM
ETh
v

0
,
00032604
m

(
v

v
)/2

max,
M

T
max

[mm]

SM
ETh
max 3345,98 kN m2 ( max
max
)/2

18

SHELL finite elements with membrane behavior

(Ux, Uz, Ry)
a),
[mm]

b)

u 3,333 10 7 m u ETh

PLANE
v 0,00032586 m v

SM
ETh
between
v
and
v
max,
M

T
max

ETh
max 3367,81 kN m2 max

19

COSMOS plane finite elements PLANE2D (Ux, Uy)

7
ETh

u 3,33 10 m u

SAP PLANE

v 0,000326 m vmax

20

stresses
[kN/m2]

SAP PLANE
max 3346 ,7 kN m2 max

21

stresses

[kN/m2]

22

 xy

stresses

[kN/m2]

23