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    Jorge Jiménez
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    This document discusses maps, projections, and scales. It defines what a map is and how they are created by choosing information to display, simplifying features, exaggerating small details, classifying data, and using symbols. Projections take the spherical Earth and project it onto a 2D surface, with different properties like shape distortion and area accuracy. Common projections include cylindrical, conic, and azimuthal types. Cylindrical projections include Mercator and Robinson, conic include Albers and Lambert Conformal, and azimuthal include Gnomonic and Orthographic. Scale relates the real world size to features on the map. Coordinate systems define positions relative to a reference point. An exercise will involve defining projections, changing coordinate

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    GIS

    Original Title

    GISClase4 Eng

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    This document discusses maps, projections, and scales. It defines what a map is and how they are created by choosing information to display, simplifying features, exaggerating small details, classifying data, and using symbols. Projections take the spherical Earth and project it onto a 2D surface, with different properties like shape distortion and area accuracy. Common projections include cylindrical, conic, and azimuthal types. Cylindrical projections include Mercator and Robinson, conic include Albers and Lambert Conformal, and azimuthal include Gnomonic and Orthographic. Scale relates the real world size to features on the map. Coordinate systems define positions relative to a reference point. An exercise will involve defining projections, changing coordinate

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    10 views17 pages

    Maps scales projections coordinate systems

    Uploaded by

    Jorge Jiménez
    This document discusses maps, projections, and scales. It defines what a map is and how they are created by choosing information to display, simplifying features, exaggerating small details, classifying data, and using symbols. Projections take the spherical Earth and project it onto a 2D surface, with different properties like shape distortion and area accuracy. Common projections include cylindrical, conic, and azimuthal types. Cylindrical projections include Mercator and Robinson, conic include Albers and Lambert Conformal, and azimuthal include Gnomonic and Orthographic. Scale relates the real world size to features on the map. Coordinate systems define positions relative to a reference point. An exercise will involve defining projections, changing coordinate

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 17

    Maps, scales and

    projections

    10May2016

    Last class:
    Create a map
    Visualiza information using different tools

    Manage data frames


    Use graphic representation to realate various sources of
    information

    In this class:
    Maps, projections and scales
    Change projection of a map

    Importance of coordinate system

    Map
    Graphic representation of
    information
    Topographic terrain

    Subject other info

    Map
    Create a map includes:
    Choose the information to be shown
    Simplify complex features
    Exagerate minute features
    Clasify in groups continuous information
    Use simbology in an accesible way

    Projections
    Project in 2D a quasi-sphere the Earth

    Propertiess:
    Conformality preserve local angles. Thus preserves shape but areas may be
    imprecise.

    Area maintains relaive size, but shape can be distorted


    Distance absolute distance between two points. No projection maintains this
    across the world.
    Direction relative position between two points

    Projections
    Types:
    Cylindrical

    Conic
    Azimuth

    Projections
    Cylindric:
    Shape

    Area

    Direction

    Distance

    Mercator

    Distorted towards conformal


    the poles

    True across the


    world

    Accurate in the
    equator

    Robinson

    Small distorsion

    Very distorted

    Constant across
    latitudes

    Sinusoidal

    Distorted towards Constant


    the equator

    Correct in the
    equator

    Constatn across
    the world

    Small distorsion

    Sinusoidal
    Mercator

    Robinson

    Projections
    Conic
    Shape

    Area

    Direction

    Distance

    Albers Constant
    area

    Accurate

    Accurate

    Accurate int he
    paralels

    Accurate
    at small scales

    Conic
    equidistant

    Accurate

    Accurate

    Accurate
    at small scales

    Accurate at
    scales less than
    30

    Lamber
    conformal

    Conformal

    Minimum
    distorsion

    Accurate

    Accurate
    at small scales

    Lambert

    Albers

    Projections
    Azimuth
    Shape

    Area

    Direction

    Distance

    Gnomonic

    Distorted at
    edges

    Distorted at
    edges

    Accurate from
    the center

    Distorted

    Orthographic

    Distorted at
    edges

    Distorted at
    edges

    Accurate from
    the center

    Accurate. Used
    for views from
    space

    Stereographic

    Conformal

    Distorted at
    edges

    Accurate from
    the center

    Distorted at
    edges

    Stereografica

    Gnomonic

    Ortografica

    Scale
    Proportion between the real feature and the map

    Coordinate systems
    Relative position of a point form a reference one in a X, Y
    plane

    Exercise
    Define map projections
    Change coordinate systems
    Transformations

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