SECTION 2

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Time-25 minutes
(including the reading of the directions)
Now set your clock for 25 minutes.
This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is
appropriate for standard written English. There are two types of questions in this
section, with special directions for each type.
Structure
Directions: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you
will see four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word
or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the
number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the
answer you have chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside the oval cannot be
seen.
After you read the directions, begin work on the questions.
1. The smoke from burning fuels causes
pollution if ------ into the atmosphere.
(A) it releases
(B) it is released
(C) it will be released
(D) it released

4. A law of physics stipulates that energy

in any system cannot be created or
------.
(A) destroy
(B) to destroy
(C) destroyed
(D) destruction

2. While preparing an issue, newspaper

editors decide what ----- in the
editorials.

5. Until the late 1800s, shopkeepers

advertised ------ on pictorial signs
because their customers were
illiterate.

(A) viewpoint to take

(B) viewpoint takes
(C) take a viewpoint
(D) takes to a viewpoint
3. Medical researchers claim that each
reflex ------ some stimulus that causes
a response.
(A) involving
(B) involvement
(C) involves
(D) involve

(A) they produced

(B) their products
(C) produced their
(D) they are produced
6. Amnesia is the ---- or total loss of
memory concerning past experiences.
(A) part
(B) partially
(C) partly
(D) partial
7. A sharp sense of smell enables hunting
dogs ------ wild animals.

(A) to tracking
(B) to track
(C) to be tracking
(D) track them to
8. The popularity of early melodrama
promoted the creation of realistic
settings and ------ effects.
(A) elaborate special
(B) elaborated specially
(C) specially elaborating
(D) specially to elaborate
9. The roots anchor a tree in the
groundand absorb water ------ the
soil.
(A) to
(B) from
(C) into
(D)due to
10. Viruses are so tiny that ------ only by
means of an electron microscope.
(A) they can see
(B) they can be seen
(C) can be seen
(D) can see them
11. When Arturo Toscanini began his
career, music was regarded as one
------ expressing emotions.
(A) means by
(B) meant by it

(C) means of
(D) the meaning of
12. In diving competitions, women
perform ------ men do.
(A) dive the same as
(B) the same dives as
(C) dive the same way as
(D) the diving is the same
13. Syllables are the ------of a word
according to pronunciation.
(A) naturally divided
(B) divided by nature
(C) natural divisions
(D) dividing them naturally
14. Mesopotamian civilizations did not
------ history until meaning-symbol
correspondences had been devised.
(A) beginning to record
(B) record the beginning
(C) began recording
(D) begin to record
15. Before the 1700s, when children
worked together with adults,
childhood ------ did not exist.
(A) as we have known
(B) as we know it
(C) it is known
(D) is known as

Directions: In questions 16-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The
four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one
underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then

on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and put X on the letter of the answer
you have chosen.
After you read the directions, begin work on the questions.

16. Carl Anderson discovered two atomic particles that he identified while studied
A

cosmic rays.
17. No one knows exactly how many species of animals lives on earth.
A
B
C
D
18. Assessment instruments in nursery schools they feature items and other materials
A
B
different from those on elementary school tests.
C
D
19. Michigan's rivers, inlets, and lakes attract tourists who derive pleasure from
A
B
canoeing and water-ski.
C

20. Analysts have translated clay tablets that demonstrate that the Babylonians were
A

high skilled in rithmetic.

D
21. The visual nerves of the brain interprets wavelengths of light as perceptions of
A
B
C
D
color.
22. It is possible to have wealth but little income and having income but no wealth
A
B
C
D
23. When a criminal case goes to trial, the defendant may election to have it heard
A
B
either by a jury or by a judge.
C
D
24. John Keynes used his knowledges of economics to help his college and himself.
A
B
C
D

25. Government offices store and maintain such documents as certificates of birth,
A
B
married, and death.
C
D
26. After the Constitution was signed, Delaware became the first state to ratifying it
A
B
C
D
27. Migrant workers live in substandard unsanitary, and dilapidated housing and
A
B
C
often are lacking of medical care.
D
28. The mining of minerals often bring about .the destruction of landscapes and
A
B
C
wildlife habitats.
D
29. Christopher Marlowe established his theatrical reputation with Tamburlaine the
A
B
great written in high verse and reflected his unconventional thought.
C
D
30. William H. Bonney, better known as Billy the Kid, shoot a man to
A
B
death in a quarrel and had to flee to New Mexico.
C
D
31. Foxes stay in closely knit family groups while the young ones are grow up
A
B
C
D
32. By 1938, the sale of records album had reached $26 millions a year.
A
B
C
D
33. Egyptian artisans made glass that was colored by the present of impurities.
A
B
C
D
34. A theory called plate tectonics explain the formation of the surface features of the
A
B
C
D
earth
'
35. Members of high school clubs learn to participation in teams through their
A
B
involvement in community projects.

C
D
36. When too many firms enter competitive markets, their share of profits will fell.
A
B
C
D
37. The term "middle class" describes people between the upper and the low social
A
B
C
classes.
D
38. Copper comes from seven types of ores that also contain the other materials.
A
B
C
D
39. Matthew Henson received many honor for his part in the expedition to the North
A
B
C
D
Pole.
40. Silicon chips contain thousands of circuits in an area as smaller than a fingernail.
A
B
C
D