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Eurocode example:
Actions on a six storey building
Prepared by:
Kirstine Bak-Kristensen
Svend Ole Hansen
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
Introduction
The present example illustrates the Eurocode actions on a six storey building.
The characteristic actions and design actions on a six storey building are determined. The
support reactions are calculated for the actions considered. These cover permanent actions,
imposed loads, wind actions and snow loads.
The building is indefinitely long and supported per 10 m along the building in the points A
and B. The points A and B shown in figure 1.1 illustrate two points, for which the support
reactions are calculated.
The building includes residential and office areas as shown in figure 1.1. This indicates
that medium Consequence Class CC2 may be assumed, see B3.1 in EN 1990:2002.
The following recommended partial safety factors for permanent actions are applied, see
table A1.2(A) and A.1.2(B) in EN 1990:2002.
STR 6.10a: Gj ,sup =1,35 and Gj ,inf =1,00. Permanent actions only in 6.10a.
The recommended partial safety factor of 1.5 is applied for all variable actions, see table
A1.2(A) and A.1.2(B) in EN 1990:2002.
The reliability class RC3 with K FI =1,1 is assumed, see B3.3 in EN 1990:2002. The K FI
factor of 1,1 is applied to the partial safety factors of the unfavourable actions.
2.
Line loads:
[kN]
RA [kN]
652
RB [kN]
2356
3.
The characteristic imposed uniformly distributed loads q and the load combination factors
0 for residential areas and office areas are as follows:
qres = 2,0 kN/m2
0, res = 0,7
qoff = 3,0 kN/m2
0, off = 0,7
The recommended floor reduction factor A is calculated by:
5
7
A = 0 +
A0
1,0
A
in which 0 is the above-mentioned load combination factor, the area A0 =10,0 m, and A
is the loaded area. For the three cases shown below, the reduced imposed loads are given
in table 3.1 below.
Table 3.1 Reduced imposed loads
Case no.
A qres
A qoff
0,571
1,14
1,71
0,625
1,25
1,88
0,667
1,33
2,00
n =
2 + ( n 2 ) 0
n
4 ,res =
2 + ( 4 2) 0,7
= 0,85
4
2 ,off =
2 + ( 2 2) 0,7
= 1,0
2
The imposed loads shall be classified as variable free actions, see 2.2 (1)P in EN 1991-11:2002. This gives the relevant load cases shown in figure 3.1, and the support reactions
are given in tables 3.2 and 3.3.
6.2.2 (1) in EN 1991-1-1:2002 specifies: For the design of columns or walls, loaded from
several storeys, the total imposed loads on the floor of each storey should be assumed to
be distributed uniformly. This specification has not been applied in the present example.
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
RA [kN]
80
200
-120
RB [kN]
560
200
440
Table 3.3 - Support reactions from reduced imposed loads for office areas, see table 3.1
Support reactions
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
RA [kN]
60
150
-90
RB [kN]
420
150
330
Figure 3.2 illustrates the reduction for multi storey in case 1. The load on the two middle
storeys are reduced by 0, res . The loads on the rest of the storey are unchanged. The
average reduction of the loads are expressed by n .
Figure 3.2 Distribution of imposed loads with reduction for multi storey, case 1
4.
The indefinitely long facades of the building are assumed to be orientated north-south.
Directional factor
2
squared c dir
Terrain
category
z0 [m]
1,0
III
0,30
0,2154
0,810
0,8
0,01
0,1698
0,939
kr
qp
[kN/m2]
10
Easterly winds
Reactions
Vertical RA [kN]
-217
-244
-174
-201
261
285
195
219
Vertical RB [kN]
250
252
152
154
-222
-275
-220
-273
Horizontal RV [kN]
-188
-202
-157
-171
218
235
182
198
The recommended reduction factor of 0,w =0,6 is applied, see table A1.1 in EN
1990:2002.
11
5.
The characteristic value of snow load on the ground is assumed to be sk = 0.9 kN/m.
The shape coefficient for the snow load are given in figure 5 and the reactions for the
characteristic snow load are given in table 5.1.
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
RA [kN]
13
-2
20
RB [kN]
88
77
55
12
6.
Combination of actions
Examples of possible load combinations are listed in table 6.1. The following comments
may clarify some of the load combinations:
When the imposed load is an accompanying action, the load combination factor 0 is
applied and not the multi storey reduction factor n , see 3.3.2 (2)P in EN 1991-11:2002.
When the imposed loads act simultaneously with the other variable actions due to
wind and / or snow, the total imposed loads considered in the load case shall be
considered as a single action, see 3.3.1 (2)P in EN 1991-1-1: 2002.
When the imposed loads are the only variable action present, one of the imposed load
categories is dominating and the other is accompanying, see the load combinations
STR (6.10b)-4 and STR (6.10b)-5.
1,1 1,35 G
13
I res
I off
Dominating
variable
action
STR (6.10b)-1
1,1 1,15
STR (6.10b)-2
1,1 1,15
1,1 1,5
STR (6.10b)-3
1,1 1,15
1,1 1,5
STR (6.10b)-4
1,1 1,15
I res
STR (6.10b)-5
1,1 1,15
I off
STR (6.10b)-6
1,0
STR (6.10b)-7
1,0
1,1 1,5
STR (6.10b)-8
1,0
1,1 1,5
STR (6.10b)-9
1,0
1,1 1,5
1,1 1,35
STR (6.10a)
The design support reactions are given in table 6.2. The largest upward pointing reactions
in points A and B occur for STR (6.10b) - 2 and STR (6.10b) 1, respectively. STR
(6.10b) - 7 gives the smallest reaction in point A of 6 kN. Thus, an anchor in point A is not
needed according to STR.
The dimensioning support reactions are shown bold in table 6.2.
RB [kN]
STR (6.10b)-1
1652
4780
STR (6.10b)-2
1716
4600
STR (6.10b)-3
1545
4507
STR (6.10b)-4
1279
4250
STR (6.10b)-5
1303
4319
STR (6.10b)-6
92
STR (6.10b)-7
STR (6.10b)-8
165
STR (6.10b)-9
250
1902
STR (6.10a)
968
3499
14
7.
1,1 1,15 G
"+"
1,1 1,5 n I
"+"
1,1 1,5 0, w W
1,1 1,15 G
"+"
1,1 1,5 W
"+"
1,1 1,5 0, s S
1,1 1,5 0, s S
1,0 G
"+"
1,1 1,5 W
"+"
15
8.
EQU
RA [kN]
RB [kN]
-153
1,1 1,5 W
"+"
1,1 1,5 0, s S
minor variations in the value or the spatial distribution of actions from a single source
are significant, and