Low Cost Grinding Aids

for Cement
Alejandro Prez-Velzquez, Technical and R&D Manager, Jos-Francisco
Prez-Calvo, R&D Engineer, and Julin Martn Rubio, Production Manager,
Proquicesa, Spain.

Due to the current economic crisis and the situation in progress in the construction industry, Spanish
cement producers have been obliged to take several measures in order to notably reduce costs.
In light of this situation, Proquicesa decided to focus its R&D efforts on the development of an
innovative family of grinding aids, adapted to the new requirements of cement producers. In this way,
Proquicesa has maintained its commitment to offering adequate technical solutions to customers needs.
Thus, the company started an overall research project with the aim of finding new chemical
compounds that allowed it to reduce the economic significance of these kind of additives within total
cement production costs. Finally, at the end of 2008, Proquicesa introduced a new family of grinding
aids with an excellent cost/benefit ratio, called ADITOR M, which are formulated as an optimal
combination of some alternative raw materials.
Today, the ADITOR M are already being employed in several cement plants in Spain, and they
are also being tested at industrial scale in some other plants, generating excellent results with respect to
their technical performance and the economic savings obtained for the cement producers.
In this article, the most significant data and conclusions obtained from this research project are
shown, as well as some of the most significant results achieved in its industrial application.

Introduction
In the current worldwide economic situation, the
construction sector has been one of the most deeply
affected. In particular, cement production in Spain
decreased by 23% in 2008 relative to 2007.1 Due to this
huge drop and the forecast for the coming years, cement
producers feel obliged to take measures to drastically
reduce production costs.
One of the fields most affected by these cost-reducing
measures is the grinding aids sector, which has been

gradually suffering a decrease in demand and changes

in its field of application. These types of chemical
admixtures, which were employed as specific products
with high technical performance (i.e. quality improvers),
are now in demand as plain surfactants for the grinding
process, under targets based on a minimum price and
dosage.
Grinding aids have been traditionally used to improve
the efficiency of the cement molturation process, one

of the most energy consuming processes in cement

production (60 - 70% of the total electricity consumed
in a cement plant). Grinding aids are normally liquid
products, traditionally formulated as water-based
solutions of organic compounds with high charge density,
such as glycols, esters of glycols, alkanolamines and/or
carboxylates of alkanolamines.2 They are usually added
at the entrance of the mill together with fresh feed,
Table 1. Chemical composition of CK (% wt.)
SiO2

Al2O3

Fe2O3

CaO

MgO

SO3

SC
C3S

20.7

5.4

3.2

64.6

1.7

0.8

97.1

By Bogue calculation

Table 2. Pilot plant grinding conditions

Parameter
Mill

Grinding media (balls)

Value
Speed (rpm)

55

Temperature
(C)

~ 90

Diameter (mm)

15 32

Ball-filling
volume fraction
(%)

~5

57.7

composed of clinker and mineral admixtures.

The main function of grinding aids is to partially
neutralise the charges present on the surface of cement
particles, which develop during milling, reducing the
surface free energy of the material being ground. For
this purpose, the additive molecules are adsorpted over
the surface of the cement particles by weak electrostatic
forces, favouring the repulsion and/or a steric hindrance
between particles, avoiding
their agglomeration and thus
improving grinding efficiency.
*
Mineral phases
Similarly, the coating effect
C2 S
C3A
C4AF
is partially or totally avoided,
16.0
8.8
9.9
enhancing other issues such as
handling and storage conditions
(boosting the pack set) or the
separator efficiency.3
Recently, the effect of grinding aids has been studied
extensively. Many chemical species have been evaluated
(amines, glycols, phenols, etc.), employing different
parameters in the characterisation of the performance
of these products.4 8 The evaluation of the grinding
aid performance of the additives is normally carried
out by monitoring the evolution of fineness with the
operation time.9 15 From the technical literature, it can be
concluded that the more representative parameters are:
z Breakage rate (C)16, 17, defined as the slope of the
evolution of fineness with time.

Material (CK+Gyp+grinding aid)

Grinding process

Balls/material
ratio (w/w)

Mass (kg)

36

Mass of CK +
Gyp (kg)

Ultrafine CK
addition (kg)

0.38

Grinding aid
dosage (ppm)

1000

Grinding time
(min)

60

Sampling time
(min)

15

Figure 1. View of Proquicesas pilot plant mills.

z Grindability index (GI), defined as the ratio between

the fineness (determined by Blaine test) and the
number of mill revolutions required to achive that
fineness.3
Proquicesa focused a great part of its R&D efforts on
the development of a new family of additives, which is
able to satisfy the current needs of cement producers,
reducing its impact on production costs. This work
led to the design and development of ADITOR M,
an innovative grinding aid based on an optimum
combination of raw materials, some of which are obtained
from byproducts of other industrial processes, providing
an excellent cost:benefit ratio.
Some of the results obtained with this new product
at both pilot plant and industrial scale are shown in
this article. Moreover, the benefits achieved when using

Figure 2. Fineness dry sieve test.

ADITOR M compared to a traditional grinding aid

(composed of amines and glycols) are established.
In this article, a technical viability and quality control
analysis are also presented, paying special attention to
the stability, manipulation and storage conditions of these
additives, a key issue to consider when evaluating the
industrial application of ADITOR M.

Stages in the ADITOR M development

project

Figure 3. Compression strength test.

Table 3. Fineness of the prepared cements, with and without

grinding aid
Grinding
time (min)

R32 m (% wt)
Blank

ADITOR M1

ADITOR M2

ADITOR STD

90.0

90.0

90.0

90.0

30

59.4

47.1

52.8

42.2

45

35.5

21.7

20.7

30.3

60

18.4

10.1

7.8

11.7

The work was structured in three main stages:

Pilot plant scale trials: verification stage

This involved the study of the performance of the new
additives, as a grinding aid in a pilot plant cement
molturation process, in comparison with a traditional
additive.
z Preliminary study to determine the most appropriate
conditions for pilot plant milling, in order to obtain
objective and significant results.
z Determination and evaluation of the grinding aid
performance of the new additives.

Technical viability and quality control

analysis
A study of the technical viability of the ADITOR M
formulation was carried out, in relation to its storage,
manipulation, transport and chemical stability; as well
as the establishment of proper quality parameters for
these new additives, which include byproducts from other
industrial processes as raw materials.

Figure 4. Fineness evolution of prepared cements, with and

without grinding aid

Table 4. Values of C and GI of prepared cements, with and without

grinding aid
C (%/min)

Blaine (cm2/g)

GI (cm2/grev)

Blank

1.18 0.05

3163

0.96 0.04

ADITOR M1

1.37 0.05

3493

1.06 0.04

Industrial tests: validation stage

ADITOR M2

1.42 0.05

3518

1.07 0.04

The performance of industrial trials in customers facilities

were evaluated in order to confirm the results obtained at
pilot plant scale, concerning both the industrial grinding
efficiency and the quality of the cements.

ADITOR STD

1.29 0.05

3336

1.01 0.04

ADITOR M pilot plant scale trials:

verification stage
Materials and experimental procedure
The experiments at pilot plant scale were carried out
using pure Portland cements, type CEM I18, composed
of clinker (95%) and gypsum (5%). The materials were

Additive

supplied by one of the most representative cement plants

in Spain. The composition of the clinker is shown in
Table 1.
In order to establish an objective comparison in the
field of grinding aids, three additives were selected.
Two of them, ADITOR M1 and ADITOR M2, are two
formulations of the new family grinding aids; their
chemical composition consists of a significant quantity
of raw materials obtained as byproducts from other

Table 5. Physical properties of produced cements, with and without additive

Additive

Grinding time
(min)

R32 m
(%)

Blaine
(cm2/g)

NC*
(%wt)

IST**
(min)

FST***
(min)

Blank

45

36.9

2331

28.0

230

270

60

24.2

2816

28.0

205

265

90

6.1

3770

29.0

185

225

120

2.5

4447

30.0

170

240

ADITOR M1

ADITOR M2

ADITOR STD

30

47.1

1991

28.0

180

205

45

21.7

2816

29.0

n/a

n/a

60

10.1

3493

29.0

160

190

90

3.2

4173

31.0

135

185

30

52.8

1840

28.4

205

255

45

20.7

2916

30.0

170

210

60

7.8

3518

31.0

155

195

90

2.2

4226

31.8

150

195

30

42.2

2046

28.0

195

225

45

30.3

2558

29.0

145

195

60

11.7

3336

29.0

160

185

90

3.1

4086

31.0

180

220

* Water to cement ratio for normal consistency

** Initial setting time, by Vicat needle method
*** Final setting time, by Vicat needle method

Table 6. CS of the produced cements, with and without additive

Additive

Blank

ADITOR M1

ADITOR M2

ADITOR STD

Grinding
time
(min)

Compressive strength (MPa)

1 day

2 days

7 days

28
days

45

6.4

11.4

29.6

40.5

60

11.9

22.7

36.1

47.8

90

19.8

30.5

41.9

55.0

120

24.5

32.3

45.9

52.1

30

6.4

15.2

29.2

37.2

45

13.9

23.8

35.9

47.7

60

18.2

28.1

41.1

48.4

90

20.8

32.0

43.1

52.6

Results and discussion

The more significant results obtained in

the pilot plant study using ADITOR M are
shown in this article. These results were
compared to those obtained from both the
tests carried out without additives and the
molturation performed with the ADITOR STD.
For cement fineness characterisation, the weight of
residue on dry 32 m sieve test (R32 m) and Blaine
surface9 15 were selected, as these parameters are the
most representative in the study of cement fineness in
the Spanish market. The following figures show the
values of R32 m (%) and Blaine (cm2/g) obtained in the
experiments performed with the studied additives. In this
way, the improvements obtained by the addition of the
grinding aids are clearly illustrated. The results of the
mechanical and physical characterisation of the cements
produced in Proquicesas pilot plant employing grinding
aids are also shown in the following Tables and Figures.

30

5.1

11.8

23.0

31.2

Grinding aids performance

45

16.1

23.1

34.5

45.4

60

21.2

30.0

40.9

51.0

With the aim of determining the grinding aid efficiency,

two parameters were selected:

90

22.8

31.2

42.6

53.1

30

6.6

14.9

28.4

37.9

45

12.3

20.4

33.4

37.9

60

16.7

25.3

40.9

49.6

90

19.8

31.3

40.5

47.4

industrial processes. The third, ADITOR STD, is one

of the basic formulations of Proquicesas traditional
grinding aids: its composition is based on a combination
of synthetic organic compounds derived from amines and
glycols.
The experimental procedure for pilot plant scale trials
has been described in detail in other publications.18 20
Nevertheless, for this project, previous experiments were
carried out in order to define the optimum operation
conditions of the mills, and the grinding time required for
a quantitative determination of the coadjuvant properties

of the products. The procedure was then

adapted and its experimental error was
determined.18 Final operation conditions are
shown in Table 2.
The test conditions allowed a similar
practice to the industrial operation, and
established the most appropriate variables
for reliably determining the additive
performance, maintaining a suitable
efficiency in the molturation process carried
out in pilot plant mills (Figure 1).
All the cements produced in the pilot
plant were characterised according to
the European Standards (EN). Moreover,
the performance of cements produced
with grinding aids was compared to
those performed in the same conditions
without additives (blanks), with the aim of
determining the benefits of these additions
(Figures 2 and 3).

z Breakage rate (C, %/min), calculated from the slope of

the linear regression of the evolution of R32 m versus
grinding time. (60 minutes of grinding, during which
the efficiency of the molturation in the mills remains
constant.)
z Grindability index (GI, cm2/grev), calculated as the
ratio between the value of the Blaine surface after 60
minutes of grinding and the number of full rotations
of the mill at that time.3,18
The values of R32 m obtained for prepared
cements, with and without additives (blank, ADITOR M1,
ADITOR M2 and ADITOR STD) are shown in Table 3
and Figure 4. Experimental error bars are also plotted
as dashed lines in Figure 4. Table 4 shows the values of
C and GI obtained from the tests performed with and
without additives.
These results reveal that the new ADITOR M
offered slightly better grinding aid performance than

Figure 5. CS of the produced cement, with and without additive.

species in the ADITOR M formulation.

the ADITOR STD, showing breakage rates of 1.37 and

1.42 %/min, and values of GI of 1.06 and 1.07 cm2/grev
for ADITOR M1 and ADITOR M2, respectively.
This performance is a clear indication of the high
coadjuvant power of this family of grinding aids, which
can be converted to cost savings with respect to the
industrial molturation conditions currently employed.
ADITOR M displayed a better performance than the
traditional ADITOR STD formulation, but with a much
lower cost, underlining the successful combination of

The effect of grinding aids

In order to determine the influence of grinding aid

composition on the compressive strength (CS) reliably and
independent of cement fineness, several grinding essays
were carried out with varying grinding times (between
30 and 120 minutes), to produce cements with a fineness
properly ranged to obtain results representative of the
industrial processes (Blaine ~2000 - 4000 cm2/g, and
R32 m ~40.0 3.0%). At this point, four series of trials
were performed: without additive, and with separate
Table 7. (C:B) ratios for tested grinding aids
additions of 1000 ppm of ADITOR M1, ADITOR M2 and
ADITOR STD.
Additive
Relative
C:B ratio
additive cost
The results from the mechanical and physical
(C:B)C
(C:B)GI
characterisation of the cements are shown in Tables 5 and
ADITOR M1
0.53
0.39
0.50
6, and Figure 5. The results in Figure 5 were adjusted to a
ADITOR M2
0.47
0.33
0.44
linear regression to facilitate the comparison between the
ADITOR STD
1.00
0.78
0.99
different series of experiments.
As expected, the higher the fineness of the cement,
the higher the water:cement ratio for normal
consistency for these experiments. On the other
Table 8. Specifications and regulatory information of ADITOR M1, ADITOR M2
hand, the initial setting time decreased when the
and ADITOR STD
fineness increased, due to the acceleration in the
Parameter
ADITOR M1
ADITOR M2
ADITOR STD
hydration of the different phases composing the
Physical
Yellow liquid
Brown liquid
Colourless
cement.
aspect (at
with slight
with slight
liquid
The results indicate that the influence of
20 C)
characteristic
characteristic with slight
the grinding aids on the development of CS
smell
smell
characteristic
smell
was minimal. Thus, the differences observed
on CS results were included in the range of
Physical and
pH (at 20 (
n.a.
n.a.
7.6 ( 1.0
the experimental error defined for these trial
1 C)
chemicals
properties
conditions, in all the ages evaluated and for all the
Density (at
1.13 ( 0.03
1.15 ( 0.03
1.06 ( 0.03
3
3
3
formulations tested.
20 ( 1 C)
g/cm
g/cm
g/cm

Handling and
storage

Regulatory
information

< 0.5 ml/l

< 0.5 ml/l

< 0.5 ml/l

Freezing
point

-10 C

< -20 C

-5 C

Boiling point

104 C

99 C

98 C

Flash point

Non
flammable

Non
flammable

Non
flammable

Chloride
content

Free (<0.1%
w/w)

Free (<0.1%
w/w)

Free (<0.1%
w/w)

Solubility in
water

Fully miscible
in all
proportions

Fully miscible
in all
proportions

Fully miscible
in all
proportions

Handling

Avoid contact
with eyes, skin
and clothes.
Use PPE

No other
requirements

Avoid contact
with eyes,
skin and
clothes. Use
PPE

Suitable
materials

Carbon steel,
stainless
steel, plastic
materials

Carbon steel,
stainless
steel, plastic
materials

Carbon steel,
stainless
steel, plastic
materials.
Avoid
aluminium
and cooper.

Risk symbols

Xi - Irritant

Xi - Irritant

Risk phrases

R36, R37, R38

Safety
phrases

S26, S36

Nonhazardous
prepared
under the
applicable
legislation

R36, R37, R38

S26, S36

Technical and economic advantages

In the last step of the pilot plant stage, an
estimation of the potential economic profit of
ADITOR M was performed, compared to the
traditional ADITOR STD formulation. For this
purpose, the cost:benefit (C:B) ratio was defined
as the ratio between the price of the product,
in relative terms with respect to the ADITOR
STD, and its performance as a grinding aid,
quantitatively determined by C and GI. Thus, the
ratios (C:B)C and (C:B)GI could be calculated.
These parameters can be a good indication of
the potential economic savings by means of
substituting the traditional formulations for
ADITOR M.
In Table 7, the ratios (C:B)C and (C:B)IM
obtained for ADITOR M1, ADITOR M2 and
ADITOR STD are shown.
It can be observed that the C:B ratios
for the ADITOR M1 and the ADITOR M2
were drastically lower than the C:B ratio of
ADITOR STD, due to the contribution of two
main factors: the lower price (approximately
50% lower) and the slightly better perfomance
of ADITOR M. Thus, the values obtained
for the potential benefits of using the new
additives were up to 50% higher than using the
traditional ones.

Conclusions
From the results of the research project
carried out in Proquicesas pilot plant for the
development of ADITOR M, the following
conclusions can be underlined:

Table 9. Statistical analysis of pH and density values of ADITOR M1, ADITOR M2

and ADITOR STD
Parameter

Density (20 C) (g/cm3)

pH (20 C)

ADITOR
M1

ADITOR
M2

ADITOR
STD

ADITOR
M1

ADITOR
M2

ADITOR
STD

Average

1.154

1.124

1.061

8.09

7.93

7.57

z ADITOR M allowed the design of new

grinding aids, improving upon the technical
performance of the traditional ones.

Standard
deviation
(m)

0.001

0.003

0.001

0.86

0.85

0.11

z The addition of the new ADITOR M

to the cement grinding process did not
significantly modify the physico-mechanical
properties of the cements (such as setting
time, CS or normal consistency water:
cement ratio), in a similar way to the
application of the traditional plain grinding
aids.

H.T.L. (3 m)*

1.157

1.133

1.064

10.67

10.48

7.90

L.T.L. (3 m)1**

1.151

1.115

1.058

5.51

5.37

7.24

z The experimental procedure allowed the

determination, in a proper and quantitative
way, of the performance of the additives.

* H.T.L. (High Trust Limit) and L.T.L. (Low Trust Limit), calculated from the average
standard deviation threefold. These parameters indicate the maximum deviation
permitted by Proquicesas Quality Management System for each industrial batch
sample, and enable a decision on its storage and delivery. These are usually are
calculated one year after data collection.

Figure 6. Density and pH values of ADITOR M1, ADITOR M2 and ADITOR STD, collected from the last 20 weeks industrial batches.

commonly and
easily monitored
Aid Ref.*
ADITOR M
by Spanish cement
Type of cement** Dosage (g/Tm)
Dosage (g/Tm)
Rel. Price
Rel. Cost
Saving (%)
producers, as a
direct and simple
CEM I 52,5 R
800
300
0.67
0.25
75
standard of stability
CEM II/A-P 42,5 R 450
400
0.79
0.70
30
and quality of the
CEM II/B-P 32,5 N 350
350
0.65
0.65
35
product. Thus, the
CEM II/A-L 42,5 R 925
950
0.60
0.62
48
additives density
CEM II/B-L 32,5 N 900
925
0.58
0.60
40
and pH are the most
frequently used
BL I 52,5 R
350
350
0.53
0.53
47
quality standards in
I 42,5 R/SR
850
325
0.64
0.24
76
the cement industry.
*
The price of the regularly employed grinding aid and its cost were considered as a relative value of 1.00 in each case.
The values of
**
UNE-EN 197-1
density and pH of
the ADITOR M1,
z The new ADITOR M offered potential cost savings
ADITOR M2 and
50% higher than the traditional formulation.
ADITOR STD, collected from the last 20 weeks, are
shown in Figure 6. These values were obtained from the
Technical viability and quality control
analysis of the batches produced at industrial scale. Table
analysis
9 presents the statistical analysis of these data.
This stage of the project focused on the determination of
From the statistical analysis, it can be observed that
the technical viability of the production and marketing of
both ADITOR M and ADITOR STD densities had
similar reproducibilities (see the values of standard
the ADITOR M, under the strict controls of the quality
management system ISO 9001, implemented from 2001.
deviation in Table 9). However, the pH standard
For this reason, the physical-chemical properties
deviations of the ADITOR M were greater than the
normally used as technical specifications for grinding aids
deviation of the ADITOR STD. This can be due to the
were determined, as well as the hazardous classification
high amount of active matter (organic compounds)
and the recommended handling and storage conditions.
integrated in the composition of the ADITOR M. In this
way, the short quantity of free water incorporated in these
In the same way as before, these ADITOR M features
were compared to the properties of the traditional
formulations makes the pH an inaccuracy parameter.
grinding aid.
Thus, the variations on the pH are not representative of
the products composition stability.
Technical viability analysis: specifications
Today, Proquicesas Quality Department is working
and regulatory information
on the definition and development of new parameters
The study of the technical viability is a key issue in
and measuring techniques, which allow correct
the case of the ADITOR M, due to the employment
monitoring of the stability and quality of ADITOR M.
of byproducts from other industrial processes as raw
Furthermore, in order to guarantee the performance
materials for its production. For this reason, a complete
of the products in industrial applications, the Quality
characterisation of the new ADITOR M was required.
and R&D departments have developed a new validation
The main physical-chemical properties, regulatory
protocol for the product, which not only monitored the
information and handling and storage recommendations
physical-chemical properties of the additives produced
of the new additives are shown in Table 8. The
industrially, but also intensifies and improves the quality
information of ADITOR STD, as a reference of standard
control of the product, carrying out a periodic evaluation
traditional coadyuvants, is also presented. From this
of the additives performance in pilot grinding plant.
information, it can be observed that the employment
Molturation tests are routinely carried out in pilot plant
of subproducts of other industrial processes in the
mills to determine the coadjuvant power of the additive
composition of the ADITOR M did not have any
and its effect on the quality of the cement.
significant effect on either the physical-chemical
Industrial tests: validation stage
properties of the developed additive or the handling and
For industrial implementation of these new grinding
storage recommendations.
aids, some of the ADITOR M formulations were offered
Moreover, the employment of this type of byproduct
for testing in various cement plants in Spain. Specific
allowed the formulation of additives that have no
formulations were proposed in each case, depending on
hazardous classification by the current Spanish law. This
the different technical and/or economic situation of both
is an important advantage over the traditional additives,
the additive application and the type of cement produced.
such as ADITOR STD, which are usually classified as
In the first half of 2009, after eight months in the
irritant due to their composition.
market, different ADITOR M formulations have been
Quality control: parameters and monitoring
validated in 14 Spanish cement plants, which equates
Several physical-chemical properties are routinely
to some 30% of the total cement production facilities
analysed for each batch of grinding aid produced by
in the country. The results have encouraged a high
Proquicesa as a requirement of the companys quality
influx of the product into the Spanish market. At
managment system. Some of these parameters are
present, these products are being supplied to three of
Table 10. Cost savings realised with ADITOR M

the most important cement companies in the world,

well-established in Spain, and also to other independent
producers. Moreover, in the current market situation, the
high technical performance obtained at industrial scale,
and the significant savings offered, have caused cement
producers to speed up the implementation process of
these new grinding aids.
Table 10 shows the results obtained in some of the
performed industrial essays. Those results were chosen
taking into account the cement plants that already employ
Proquicesas products, with the aim of making a deeper
discussion about the technical-economic advantages of
the new additives. In this way, it was possible to deduce
the cement production cost savings achieved by the
substitution of the traditional grinding aids for the new
ADITOR M. Moreover, the more representative cement
types in the Spanish market are evaluated (according to
the EN).
As can be seen in Table 10, the cost saving caused by
the aids substitution was defined as the main parameter
(saving). Furthermore, the dosage of ADITOR M, and
the price (rel. price) and cost (rel. cost) of the new aids
reffered to the traditional one (aid ref.), are also shown in
Table 10.
In all the cases, the hourly production of the mills
was maintained as a set point for the trials, in order
to establish an objective comparison between tested
additives.
On the other hand, the quality of the cements
produced at industrial scale was not affected by the
employment of the ADITOR M.
The results obtained with ADITOR M show that,
by using the additives, up to 75% cost savings were
obtained, confirming the estimation of the potential cost:
benefit ratio calculated from the pilot plant scale results.
This saving implies a significant reduction in cement
production costs.

Conclusion
The analysis of the results obtained from this study
demonstrates the technical and economic viability of the
formulations developed for the new family of additives in
the industrial cement grinding process.
From this work, the following conclusions can be
obtained:
z The formulations developed for the new low cost
grinding aids allowed the incorporation of chemical
products from other industrial processes into
the traditional composition of these aids. These
new formulations modified neither the chemical
stability or physical-chemical properties, nor their
hazardous classification or handling and storage
recommendations.
z The parameters and procedures followed for the
quality control guarantee its composition stability and
performance as a cement grinding aid.
z The industrial performance of ADITOR M
improved the results obtained by the traditional
aids, highlighting the selection and combination of
chemical products in its formulation.

cements, up to 75% savings compared to traditional

grinding aids, maintaining the mill efficiency,
the cement production and the cement quality as
constant.
In conclusion, the new ADITOR M of Proquicesa has
demonstrated to be an excellent technical and economic
solution for the cement molturation, enabling a drastic
reduction of the grinding cost whilst maintaining the
cement quality, which is especially important in view of
the current situation in the construction industry.

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z The industrial employment of ADITOR M in the

cement molturation process provided, for the tested