Professional Documents
Culture Documents
12/20/2014
Lorand Irinyi
National University
Class: TED626-65466-1412
Abstract
This paper is the continuation (Part 2, Sections 5, 6, 7, and 8) of Classroom Management
Notebook (Part 1, Sections 1, 2, 3, and 4) dealing with the following issues:
Section 5: Strategies for Dealing with Challenging Students and Situations
Section 6: Utilizing the Support of Other Educators and Caregivers
Section 7: Legal Issues Regarding Learning Environment
Section 8: Professional Dispositions and Growth Plan
destroys property.
I will make all reasonable efforts to prevent any disciplinary issue from degenerating,
and actually, I will make all efforts so that they dont materialize, to begin with. I
understand that effective classroom management, as Levin and Nolan (2000) point out,
is the result of effective instruction, an engaging curriculum, positive student-teacher
relationships, clear expectations and procedures, and a safe and positive school climate.
I will frontload the classroom management issues and will try to anticipate their
occurrence and will have preventive measures in place. Levin and Nolan (2000) state
that, effective classroom managers will spend the majority of their time planning and
implementing measures to prevent misbehavior and support students before minor offtask behavior or disruptions become major discipline problems. I am of the firm opinion
that this is a wise and accurate statement, which I intend to follow closely. The great
majority of discipline problems (almost 97%) in classrooms can, according to research as
Levin and Nolan (2000) point out, either be prevented or redirected to positive behavior
with the use of a preplanned hierarchy of interventions.
The first level is of this hierarchy is non-verbal interventions, and, according to Levin
and Nolan (2000), includes elements like:
planned ignoring, (this technique is based on the rules of extinction, but only used
lets the misbehaving student know s/he needs to get back on task)
proximity, (making eye contact with the offending student and moving closer to
her/him).
Although Levin and Nolan (2000) also suggested touch interference (in which case the
teacher uses a light, non-aggressive tap on the students shoulder or back), I will refrain
from using this technique to avoid any misinterpretation - cultural, or otherwise of
making physical contact with a student. The aim of discipline is to decrease disruption to
teaching and/or learning. Keeping this in mind, according to Levin and Nolan (2000),
non-verbal intervention strategies have several advantages. Among them are:
When non-verbal interventions are ineffective, I will move to the next level of
intervention, namely Verbal Skills. The use of verbal interventions is particularly
important when misbehavior is potentially
There are many verbal intervention choices that I can use. I can ask questions
regarding established classroom rules and procedures; I can use I messages; I can give
direct orders. What is important is that, I aim to keep verbal interventions as private and
brief as possible. My goal is to stop the behavior and redirect the student(s). As Levin and
Nolan (2000) point out, with adolescents, it is critical that you avoid embarrassing a
student in front of his/her peers. You also want to diffuse any sort of anger or verbal
defiance. To get into a confrontation, especially an open/public one is
counterproductive, because it backs the student into a corner, and the result of that is
often a power struggle that will only exacerbate the problem. My requests/demands will
have positive phrasing to elicit cooperation. I am going to take into consideration the
nature of the discipline problem that will need verbal intervention from me, as well as the
individual student(s) causing the problem. I will use the most fitting verbal intervention
both for the occasion and the student(s). Some students respond better to direct appeal,
some to reminder of rules, some to explicit redirection, and some to the I messages.
In the event verbal intervention would not solve the problem and/or the situation
would deteriorate further I would use the choice strategies. I would give the student the
choice to determine the consequences for his/her disruptive actions and the next steps that
would follow. The choices would be his/her stopping the disruptive behavior immediately
or my contacting administrative and/or security personnel. I would not vacillate or be
indecisive once the situation would have reached this stage. At this stage there are no
more second chances, the choice will be made by the student(s) or the students actions.
Once administration has been notified, I would also notify the parents, guardians, or
responsible adults. I will make all reasonable efforts to work with the students parents,
family, guardians, or responsible adults to positively influence student behavior.
Strategies for building relationships
It is vital that I, the teacher, build positive relationships with my students, because as
Marzano et al.(2009) state, a critical aspect of effective classroom management, after
work with, or who continually act out in my classroom. This will help me not only to
get to know them as people, but to identify the sources/reasons of their behavior in my
classroom, and help resolve issues that might cause them to act up. This will serve a
dual purpose: to help the students and to prevent the disruption of the teaching/learning
process in my classroom. Relationship building, Levin and Nolan (2000) state, is a four
step process. Applying the Four-Step Process, I, the teacher, have to:
Ask myself why and what purpose the students behavior is serving
Develop a sense of empathy and connection to the student
Observe cues and behaviors regarding the personality of the student
Monitor your own interactions with the student.
This requires that I recognize and be aware of the needs of different types of students and
address their needs accordingly. That, I develop a sense of empathy with the student(s);
that I observe cues and behaviors regarding their personality and focus on their positive
traits. I will also have to monitor my own behavior and interactions with the student(s) to
determine if my own disposition influences my interaction with the student(s). I fully
understand that it is a two-way interaction to build positive relationships with my
students.
Breaking the cycle of discouragement
Levin and Nolan (2000) argue that many of our repeat offenders (or chronic behavior
problems) suffer from low self-esteem and have a low success-to-failure ratio. Their
need for a sense of significance, a sense of competence or mastery, a sense of power or
independence and a sense of virtue and generosity have not been fulfilled. These
students are caught in a cycle of discouragement.
to solve their problems. Applying Curwin and Mendlers Discipline with Dignity I will
provide Positive Prevention Factors, which are: warmth, clearly defined limits, a
democratic atmosphere, a sense of accomplishment, skills recognizing and resolving
conflicts, and focus on the positive. I know that it takes time and patience; that it takes a
caring and dedicated teacher to implement consistent and frequent interventions to help
students in changing their behavior. I think applying the abovementioned techniques and
methods will help breaking the cycle of discouragement, and help students achieve
academic success as well as social success, and will build in my classroom a community
of learning.
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few receive mental health services (p. 47). These are sobering statistics, and as Marzano
et al. (2009) state, the Association of School Counselors notes that 18 percent of
students have special needs that require extraordinary intervention and treatment that go
beyond the typical resources available to the classroom teacher (p. 47). Even if it is not
usually considered part of the regular job of classroom teachers, addressing these severe
issues is unfortunately a reality in todays schools (Marzano et al., 2009, p. 48).
Identifying early and accurately students with behavioral issues and the nature of and
source of their behavioral issues is vital for optimal classroom management because each
behavioral issue required a different reaction/strategy from the classroom teacher. This is
important because as Marzano et al. (2009) state, that the most effective classroom
managers tended to employ different strategies with different types of students, whereas
ineffective managers did not. Specifically, effective managers made distinctions about the
most appropriate strategies to use with individual students based on the unique needs of
those students (p. 48). Studies show that there are five major categories of high-need
students, which are:
1. Passive, with two subgroups: a) Fear of Relationship
b) Fear of Failure
2. Aggressive, with three subgroups: a) Aggressive-Hostile
b) Aggressive-Oppositional
c) Aggressive-Covert
3. Attention Problems, with two subgroups: a) Attention Problems - Hyperactivity
b) Attention Problems Inattentive
4. Socially Inept
Each of the abovementioned behavioral issues manifest different characteristics, and need
to be addressed differently. It is important that each students needs/problems I address
individually and discretely. Levin and Nolan (2000) state that, for the students who are
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Documentation
No matter whether the issue to be addressed is behavioral, or learning needs issue, all
observations and findings will have to be documented as accurately as possible with all
the relevant information. The information to be documented will have to include all
observables, namely, what the student(s) did, when, where, how, and as far as I could
establish, why. That is, I must document all students disciplinary/learning problems,
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citing date, time, incident, persons involved in the incident, and steps taken to
correct/remedy the situation. All methods attempted at correcting the students
behavioral/learning issues will be named and identified, as well as the students responses
to those methods. In addition to this, I will ask student(s) to fill out a self-analysis form
requiring their take on what caused the problem, and what they think they could have
done differently to prevent the problem from occurring and/or changing their behavior so
that the problem will not occur in the future. All documentation/information will be
stored separately form students academic records and will be kept in strict confidentiality
to protect everyones privacy.
Referral Process
There might come a time when, despite our best efforts, we, classroom teachers, not
being professionals in behavioral/learning sciences, will need outside assistance to deal
with behavior/learning issues in our classrooms. According to Levin and Nolan (2000),
two general guidelines should drive our decision to seek outside assistance. The first
condition for considering a referral is when we have worked our way through all of the
hierarchical interventions and the student shows no improvement. The second condition
is when improvements have been observed, but the student continues to manifest
problems that disrupt either teaching or learning. In both cases, we must be very honest
with ourselves about the amount of time we have given for the strategies to take effect.
With any intervention, we must allow sufficient time for the student to change his/her
behavior. The following outside resources we, classroom teachers, have recourse to:
School administration
School counselor
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School psychologist
Parent/Primary caregiver
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a very solid home-school relationship cannot be overstated. When assistance of the home
is sought, it is always best to start positively and seek their help (and information), rather
than tell them what I think is the problem.
Before seeking outside help, and making formal referral, I would consult with other
educators and work with them to try to find out and understand why students are not
learning, and/or acting out, and find a solution, if possible.
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is the California Department of Education that is responsible for overseeing the state's
interest in having an educated citizenry. Besides setting content standards for students,
the state also has compelling interests in, and duties to ensuring that, in addition to free
education, all students have access to a learning environment from K 12 that is free
from discriminatory attitudes and practices and acts of hate violence, and directs schools
to adopt policies that guarantee this. It is the duty and responsibility of every school
district to educate and protect its students.
Student Rights
Every student in California has a fundamental constitutional right to an adequate
education that prepares him or her to graduate from high school qualified for a 4-year
state university, a living wage job, and active participation in civic life. Every student has
a further right to educational opportunities equal to those provided to most of the students
in the State. Students, parents and members of the community at large have a right to
know what they may expect California's system of public education to provide for each
student in California, in accord with these fundamental constitutional principles. These
abstract rights must be understood as giving to every student in any public elementary or
secondary school in California a right of access to each of the following:
A clear statement of the academic standards that both define what students are
expected to know, and be able to do at every educational level, and specify the
basic conditions for learning that students, and families, can expect from the
educational system.
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A course of instruction that will enable all students who wish to do so to compete
for admission to any public university in the state and participate actively in
Californias civic life.
Fair and authentic assessment that is used to measure and improve the quality of
education students receive and supplementary educational services that respond to
identified student needs.
Regular public forums that allow students and parents to communicate their
experiences.
IDEA, or Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, was originally enacted by Congress
in 1975 to ensure that children with disabilities have the opportunity to receive a free
appropriate public education, which is their right. IDEA mandates an Individualized
Education Program (IEP) for students with disabilities. An IEP defines the individualized
objectives of a student who has been found with a disability, as defined by federal
regulations. The IEP process is meant to be deliberate and equitable, and the individualized
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program plans that it generates are the means by which the educational concepts outlined in
the law are guaranteed to each student and that student's family. The formation of an
individualized program involves seven steps. These steps are:
1
Pre-referral
The major purposes of this stage of the IEP process are to document and explain
students' difficulties and challenges; to test the effectiveness of classroom
accommodations and modifications; to assess the power of various instructional
interventions; and to monitor students' progress.
Referral
If pre-referral interventions are unsuccessful, an individual is referred for special
education services. Referrals can come from parents, a social service agency, public
health nurses, day care professionals, or a doctor.
Identification
The purpose of this step in the IEP process is to determine whether a youngster has a
disability, whether special education is required, and what types of services are needed.
Evaluations are conducted by multidisciplinary teams made up of professionals who have
expertise in each area of concern.
Eligibility
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The information from the assessment step is used to identify students who actually
have a disability and qualify for special education services. For those students, the IEP
committee then determines what components of the full range of special education and
related services are needed so that an appropriate education can be planned for and
ultimately delivered. The education of those students who do not meet the eligibility
requirements remains the responsibility of general educators.
5
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accommodations the student receives both for instruction and for testing, and the array of
multidisciplinary services from related service providers that support the student's
educational program.
7
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classroom decorum. In such cases, teachers have a right to enlist administrative and
parental help.
In the classroom teachers have the right to:
Concerning parents:
Parents are liable for willful misconduct of minor children that causes injury.
EC 48904
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Teachers should keep a record of all parent and administrator meetings on file at
home.
If a parent meeting becomes unpleasant, immediately stop and demand the attendance
of a representative or administrator.
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I will accomplish these goals by working on my TPA1 and TPA2 two hours a day in
January; and starting February, I will start taking my required classes online and complete
all the assigned work for each class, one after the other, the same way I have completed
all my previous classes.
This is a reasonable workload for the achievement of my planned goals. Giving a
month for the TPA1 and TPA2, with two hours of work each day, is fair and attainable.
The Masters classes will follow the same pattern that all the previous classes had that led
me to this stage in my educational course/development. I know the load that I will have
to deal with. I am fully confident that I will be able to achieve my planned goals.
I will know that I will have succeeded achieving my goals by passing my TPA1 and
TPA2 by the end of January 2015; and I will know that I will have successfully
completed my Masters classes by getting good grades for my class work at the end of
each class/course. I will have achieved all my listed planned goals by the end of May
2015, and having achieved them will prepare me to be a successful high school physics
teacher.
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References
California Department of Education. (n. d.). Discipline. Retrieved from
http://www.cde.ca.gov/search/searchresults.asp?
cx=001779225245372747843:gpfwm5rhxiw&output=xml_no_dtd&filter=1&num=2
0&start=0&q=discipline%20california%20department%20education
California Department of Education. (2012, July 03). Duty to protect students.
Retrieved from http://www.cde.ca.gov/re/di/eo/dutytoprotect.asp
California Education Law, Retrieved from
http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/calawquery?codesection=edc&codebody=&hits=20
Curwin, R.L., Mendler, A.N., Mendler, B., (2008). Discipline with dignity: New
challenges, new solutions. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and
Curriculum.
Levin & Nolan (2000). Managing student behavior part 1. [PowerPoint Lecture].
Retrieved from National University website:
http://vizedhtmlcontent.next.ecollege.com/CurrentCourse/ppt2/index.htm
Levin & Nolan (2000). Managing student behavior part 2. [PowerPoint Lecture].
Retrieved from National University website:
http://vizedhtmlcontent.next.ecollege.com/CurrentCourse/ppt3/index.htm
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Levin & Nolan (2000). Managing student behavior part 3. [PowerPoint Lecture].
Retrieved from National University website:
http://vizedhtmlcontent.next.ecollege.com/CurrentCourse/ppt4/index.htm
Marzano, R. J., Marzano, J. S., Pickering, D. J., (2009). Classroom Management that
Works. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
U.S. Department of Education. (2014, June 02). Family Educational Rights and Privacy
Act (FERPA). Retrieved from
http://www2.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/fpco/ferpa/index.html
Grading Criteria/Rubric
Outstanding
5.0
Commendable
4.5
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Satisfactory
3.5-4.0
Unsatisfactory
0-3.0
Content,
Organizatio
n and
Usefulness
x4
Elaborates and
provides
excellent
resources for
future reference.
Statements are
supported
extensively from
course
materials.
Notebook is well
organized, looks
professional, and
is extremely
functional for
other new
teachers.
Provides detail
for all sections
and information
requested.
Support and
resources are
excellent.
Organization
closely follows
guidelines.
Notebook is
organized, looks
professional,
and is functional
for other new
teachers.
Some sections
are weak;
support for
statements
may be
lacking.
Follows the
general outline
for the
notebook, but
could be more
professional.
Notebook is not
very functional
for other new
teachers.
Sections are
missing and/or
extremely weak.
Support for
statements is
lacking.
Notebook is not
functional for
other new
teachers.
Writing
Convention
s & APA
Format
x1
Strong
sentences and
varied
transitions.
Flawless
spelling,
punctuation, and
capitalization.
Excellent
application of
APA guidelines.
Sentences are
varied and well
constructed.
Nearly flawless
spelling,
punctuation and
capitalization.
Good use of APA
guidelines.
Few careless
spelling or
punctuation
errors.
Inconsistent
and/or
inappropriate
use of APA may
be present.
Many careless
spelling and/or
punctuation
errors.
Inconsistent
and/or
inappropriate
use of APA
guidelines.
Overall, the
notebook is not
extremely
functional and/or
lacks support.
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