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    Onda Mass Transfer Coefficients Between PDF

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    Catherine Ccasa

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    of 7
    ‘enhances the probability of the bubble coslescence and makes bubble larger. On the other hand, in the present study the dimention of the apparatus is far larger than that of the distributor and the depth of the liquids is shallow. ‘Therefore, the probability of the bubble coales cence over the distributor is less than that of the Houghton. et al.'s case, because the circulstion of the Tiquid in the apparatus makes bubbles essy to apart each other. This fact is recognized when the porous plate distributor is used for liquid of group A and C in the bubble column with, continuous liquid flow. Summary ‘Bubbles whicls have been just generated from the porous plate are small and have an equal size, but sometime toalescence of these small bubbles occurs at a location slightly removed from the distributor, where the gas hold- up is very large. Therefore, large and wide size distri bution of bubbles are observed. This oceurs easily in pure water and pure solvents. The surface active sub- stances in water and solvents obstruct this coalescence of bubbles. In concentrated inorganic salt solutions this obsttuction is also recognized. For the extreme cases when no coalescence is observed and the coalescence occurs fat the maximum rate, the correlations of the average Dubble diameter and the conditions of bubble generation are obtained ‘Ackoowledgment ‘The authors ace grateful Prof T, Sakersi, Tokyo Inst. Tech., for valuable advices. Nomenclature d= volume equivalent bubble diameter fem] F = average bubble diameter Tem) 9 = gravitational acceleration cm/sec] ‘ip, = excess pressute required to generate bubble (g/emsec!) ‘ig’ = gas fow rate per unit area of porous plate fem/sec] Fr = willegh Froude sumer We = uui8pie'a, Weber number rr b= density of Higuid {elem 5 S average pore diameter defined by Eq.(1) fem) © porosity of porous plate r = burface tension of Tiquid Layne/em] Literature cited 1) Foulk, C.G.: Kellid, Z, 60115 (1982) 2) Gleim, VG. ond Shelomor, 1. K.2 J- Appl, Chem, USSR, ‘32,739 (1955) 8)” Gleim, V.G., Shelomov, 1K. and Shidlovski, B.R J. Appl Chepe, USSR, 32, 1053 (1959) 4). Houghton, G,, Meleam, A.M, and Ritchie, P.D.: Chem. Eng. Sei 7, 40 (1957), 8), Roide, K. Hitahare, T. and Kubota, H.: Kagake Kégalw, a0, 712 (96 5) Vershoor,H.s ‘Tran Int. Chem. Eng: (London), 28,52(1850) MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS BETWEEN GAS AND LIQUID PHASES IN PACKED COLUMNS" KAKUSABURO ONDA, HIROSHI TAKEUCHI"* AND YOSHIO OKUMOTO Dept. of Chem. Eng, University of Nagoya, Negoye Introduction Mass transfer coefficients for gas absorption, desorption ‘and vaporization in packed columns have been studied by many investigators", Assuming that the wetted surface on packing pieces is Wentical with the gas-liquid interface, Onda et al. presented the empirical equations ff the gas and liquid-side mass transfer coefficients, ke tnd kes for the gas, absorption and desorption’*"*. Recently, a new equation for the wetted surface area, ‘ay, taking into account the liquid surface tension and the surface energy of packing meterials was derived as follows" Anexp(=1.45(6./0)"" (Liatts)* x Dadedgy'® Liferay = Lrexp(=1.45¢od/o)" (Re = Received on July 10, 1967 s+ Dept of Ind. Chem, Survka College of Technology, Susuka 56 x GN (We) } Q Tt has been shown that Eq. (1) can be applicable within £20% error to the column packed with Raschig rings, Berl saddles, Spheres and rods made of eeramic: ‘glass, and polyvinylehloride, and also costed with paraffin film. This paper presents the correlations on the mass trans fer coefficients for gas absorption and desorption based on Eq. (1) of ay and confirms the applicability of those to the vaporization of water and the gas absorption into organic solvents, Furthermore, its applicability to the distillation in. packed columns is also discussed 1, Liquid-side Mase Transfer Coofi ke 41 Gas absorption and desorption with water ‘The ke a data for gas absorption into water and desorp- tom from water reported in the literature! thst 6=70) are divided by ae of Fq.(1). The fe thus obtained are correlated as well as that in our previous paper"? by JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN, }S 25mm Roschig Rings: Hikite (6) | 1mm Raschg Rings: This work(s7 Sezes] AHO ban 2 Onda Ga) [+ ibm Hike eee Oa} etm seit ent etn : TT T allo va" jeoeeel 3, lem: ] ae een E | | Tee 2 ee t Fo aL]? isan = 2 Yoshida cm 2 "BPP fe crtmiglend + + Uevoma 26) ¢ & Stews Vivian tte. 34 g tT x Ta) a ey : 82 fie 1” Pall ings? Onda GBD Ss lm 1" Glass Spheres! ~ s la vo" Spheres! is mer Stet) 2a eaeeee Onda. 8) Zc) Taam Beri Salles © Orde Gal JP 2SnaCPWC) Rods: Onda 18) , C aie sherwood 0 for Gmm =f is 1” * de tan Reds . fs tem Fujita | am : 4 lA Mmm «| : [a 15” Berlsodes: Sheraced (2) rr Fe = Saws Fig. | Gorelatin of lgud-pase data for ape absorption and detortin by using water Table 1 Experimental vaslts of giv absorption int cosmic aslvets Packings Size Absorbent Temp. om Reschig ring 10mm CCl, «25°C 0.120 0.70 Beri saddle 2m» "0.0862 0.73, Sphere ine 0.0227 0:86 . + CHOH 20°C 0.0735 0.78 a Kin 0.0389. 0.88 Rod Mmm CCl 25°C 0.003 0.70, replacing a in Reynolds number by as. Fig. 1 shows the relation of &e (oe/tmg)"" / (to/@eDe)"? (aD, vs. modified Reynolds number, (L/aaft), and a straight line represents he (Pela) 0.0061 (Lane) x (a, @ The exponent of Rez in Eq. (2) coincides with that derived fon the wetted srea basis by Krevelen-Hoftijzer"® and Fujita-Hayakawa!”, and also is nearly equal to 0.51 of that derived by Norman"” in @ model apparatus. Furthermore, the gas absorption of CO; into water added 4 surfactant in packed column was carried out to confirm the applicability of Eq. (2) for various interfacial area, Such absorption data have been reported by Hikita” In this work, « non-foaming surfactant, Newpol PE-61", were used and the surface tensions of solutions were 47 dynesicm, ‘The Aur data obtained give smaller values than are obtained with water as well as in the litera ture’, This effect of addition of surfactant may result from the two phenomena : the reduction of liquid mixing ‘tthe junction of packing pieces as pointed out by Hikita’” and the interfacial resistance with increase in concen. (edeaDo-" YSanvoNasei Co, Ld VOLT Nor 1968 tration of surfactant. The hi caleulated from these data are compered with those obtained by water in Fig.1 in which the data for a=47 dynes/em. in this work and 42 dynes/em: literature” deviate pretty from Eq. (2) 1.2 Gas absorption by organie solvent Many investigation on the gas absorption in packed columa have been carried out by using water a5 an ab- sorbent, However, there are so far only a few data?" ‘on the gas absorption by organic solvent. In the present work, the gas absorption of pure CO, into methanol and carbon tetrachloride were carried out The columns used were 6-and 12em ID. and packed swith 10~25mm Raschig rings, Berl saddles. spheres and rods for 20~30em height, ‘The mass transfer results are given in Table 1 as @ relation of Aa=al”. Applying Eq. (1) to kut data ob- tainded in this worle and reported io the literature" for organic solvents, the same plottings are shown in Fig. 2 in which the agreement of the observed values and Eq. (2) is also satisfactory. ‘Thus, the liquid-side mass transfer coefficients, fe, for gas absorption and desorption in packed columns. have lbeen correlated by Eq. (2) within an error of ++90% for organic solvents as well as water. in the 2. Gaeside Mase Transfer Coefficient: ke 2.1 Absorption The koa data for gas absorption reported in the lite ature! P7968 are divided by as ealculated from Eq, ), The kr thus obtained are shown in Fig. 3 as a plot of (oRT/aDe)! (Ho! PeDe)"” (a.D,)** vs. modified 2 Raschig_ rings Saree fois PED Bdeniode (Canon [BT Tis war(OHOH [OTe THs work (Cot) whe enon fay © Ce) e+ Gate) |r Yoshida CD a % ce - ccc fasts on : | Jee abme: Yosiia (HOH) |O Va"! This work (C014) & “Tlorme: « 0 Ts |lersnnstisitec «9 © aYerm: = c+ Slaten: tieeicn Del a Berl saddles oY Bim | VeshidaO4O 2 4 atm 2) a ferent | cg a Coraaion of ah Jaton: + 9] terton da ty ang erie [@ idm: This work (Cola) | YO" t This work(Cci) | selvent with Eq, (2) : rt — Z 2 4. 6 6 io z 4 6 Bt Ree Law, Tl maesig cigs [Be al Shares Flinger (AD > a AV" Onda (eH Wien nda cue Gece (acon Hasdig rings O¥e Telinoer OH) Onda ove on }@ Jomm da (ND }O 15m Yoshida (2404) Fig 3 hace dat Gervalation of aoe fa “bseption eee Reynolds number. The equation for the best line pasting. through the points in the higher group in Fig.3 is as follows koRT/a.Do = 5.23(G/axtte)”* (tal PaDo)"" (aD) @ In Fig, 3, data for Raschig rings and Berl saddles smaller than 15mm are situated on the lower group and are best correlated by merely changing the constant, 5.23, in Eq. I 8 6 e () into 2.00, This difference comes from the fact that Ikea data for packing smaller thon 15mm tend to decrense ‘monotonously with the increase of ay as reported in the literatures”, However, this cause is not clear at present. ‘The jnrfactor for mass transfer can be obtained by rearranging Bg.(3). For example, since au), is 6(1— 3.4 for spheres, Eq. (3) becomes dn = O.TTUGD, Jae) V0" @ IOUNAL OF CHEMICAL FNGINEERING OF IAPAN, Vaporization 8H in Rasch igs reaal 7 im as Jaca Saf 2 Fiter 7 Osvresky taal a a? Dench Wilke G0) \ [ 2 | voshide-Keyorosi (0 L pyle sraraeed (0) i eens Pr F Chega be) Orifice meter ‘Blower Fig. 4 Conpariton of ea dats fr vagriston by vriaus Fig, 2 Schema di periment apprton Tnvenignors me L=7000hg 9 fer soprsation in waters sytem “1 r-eowigystie a T a a 2 2 Z= Won | ey i7" BS Sale é § [Lb ae alee 4 3 2 z hd 8 10 2 4 @ teg/a Fig 64 tenn Rarhig rt 5 2 eal 7 + vs $1] OL. | a ia ss * Peek veneered || TI Oe (Gpercoatempernurcotencems | | oy“ | | abot 25°C al the diler ence of the 2) P2787 7 temperature between top and-dotiom HY | ters are some \3 of the column was withia 0.1°C.) s | 3 2 = a | esl | ¢ 3 sa G hg/ whe] Fig, ei Be nen Fig O41 in Spores ‘Shulman et al.” reported the following equation for data" for vaporization because of the difficulties in sublimation of dry naphthalene packings the experimental techniques, as shown in Fig.4, in which jo = 1,195(GD,'/na(1~2) 0" e) ‘koa for air-water system are plotted against the gas The agreement beteen Fy.) and (6) is fidly goxl tase velocity G, for I-in. Raschig rings. within the region of 109

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