Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Presentation
An Overview of
Textile Fibres
Textiles
Definition
A broad term referring to any material
(fibres, filaments, yarns) capable of being
converted into fabrics and the fabric itself.
Cellulosic: Polymeric:
Viscose Polyamide (nylon),
Cuprammonium Polyester,
Polynosic (Modal), Polyacronitrile
Lyocell (acrylic),
Polypropylene,
Easter Cellulosic: Elastromeric
Acetate, Tri-acetate (spandex)
Cellulosic Fibers
Rayon fibers
First man made fiber
Composed of regenerated cellulose (wood pulp)
Lyocell fibers
Trade name ‘Tencel’
Synthetic Fibres
Nylon (fiber or filament)
Polyester (fiber or filament)
Acrylic (fiber or filament)
Spandex (filament)
Polypropylene (filament)
Micro-fibres (filament)
Man-Made Fibre Production
Wet Spinning (Spinning Liquid in coagulating
bath)-Viscose Rayon
Melt Spinning (Themo-plastic granule are
melted and forced through the holes of spinneret-
cooled by stream of air)-Nylon. Polyester
Dry Spinning (Suitable solution of fibre
forming polymer extruded into warm air)
Texturising
A process by which we modify the surface
characteristics of filament yarns
Twist-set-Untwist
False twist (Pin-type spindle, Friction twisting)
Air Texturising
Stuffer Box
Edge Crimping
Knit-de-knit
Gear Crimping
Textured Yarns
Identification of textile fibres
Microscopically
Structure
Burning test
Shrink, melt and smell
Solubility Test
Solvents (Acetone, Meta-
cresol, Formic Acid,
Sulphuric Acid and
Caustic Soda)
Staining test
Shirlastain A (Cotton-
Pale, Silk-dark brown)
Required Properties of Fibres
Length (Staple Length or 2.5% Span Length)
Fineness (Wt/Unit Length-micron air,denier or
Diametric-inches, microns)
Strength (Bundle strength in gms./denier-’Tenacity’)
The End